DYNAMICS OF PLATE INTERIORS
Geodynamics Series, Vol. 1
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DYNAMICS OF PLATE INTERIORS, GEODYNAMICS SERIES, VOL. 1, PAGES 21–26, 1980

Models for the evolution of sedimentary basins

D. L. Turcotte

Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York


Abstract

Two mechanisms for the formation of sedimentary basins are well understood. The first is the deposition of sediments in a topographic low. The isostatic subsidence causes the total depth of sediments to be two to three times the initial topographic anomaly. These types of basins occur at continental margins and in areas of continental rifting. A second cause of sedimentary basins is thermal subsidence. As the lithosphere cools, its density increases and it subsides due to isostasy. If the subsiding basement is covered with sediments, a sedimentary basin is formed. Phase changes in the crust may also lead to subsidence. Tectonic processes can cause crustal thinning and sediments can fill the resulting topographic low. For sedimentary basins with horizontal dimensions less than a few hundred kilometers the flexural rigidity of the lithosphere can restrict subsidence. However, differential vertical displacements can take place on faults.

Citation: Turcotte, D. L., (1980), Models for the evolution of sedimentary basins, in Dynamics of Plate Interiors, Geodyn. Ser., vol. 1, edited by A. W. Bally et al., pp. 21-26, AGU, Washington, D. C.