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Geophysical Monograph Series

 

Keywords

  • Convection (Meteorology)
  • Climatic changes
  • Ocean-atmosphere interaction
  • Dynamic meteorology
  • ENSO
  • tropicalclimatology
  • oceansciences
  • atmosphericsciences
  • globalchange
  • meteorology

Index Terms

  • 4522 Oceanography: Physical: ENSO
  • 4922 Paleoceanography: El Nino
  • 4227 Oceanography: General: Diurnal, seasonal, and annual cycles
  • 3339 Atmospheric Processes: Ocean/atmosphere interactions

Article

GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES, VOL. 189, PP. 53-64, 2010

A brief introduction to El Niño and La Niña

C. Penland, D.-Z. Sun, A. Capotondi, and D. J. Vimont

In this chapter, we introduce El Niño and La Niña as deviations from the annual climate cycle in the tropical Pacific.We first orient the reader with a synopsis of the climatological average of global climate patterns of sea surface temperature, sea level pressure, surface winds, and precipitation in boreal and austral winters. Then the salient features of El Niño and La Niña are presented. Finally, we discuss evidence of how these features may have differed in the past from what is currently observed.

Citation: Penland, C., D.-Z. Sun, A. Capotondi, and D. J. Vimont (2010), A brief introduction to El Niño and La Niña, in Climate Dynamics: Why Does Climate Vary?, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 189, edited by D.-Z. Sun and F. Bryan, pp. 53–64, AGU, Washington, D. C., doi:10.1029/2008GM000846.

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