Designators for approved sessions belong to the lead section or focus group
abbreviation (i.e., A01 denotes Atmospheric Sciences, P01 denotes Planetary
Sciences, etc.). Additionally, approved sessions are listed under
all sections or focus groups who have agreed to cosponsor particular sessions.
These sessions are listed after the section and focus group primary listing
but with the lead section designation. Some technical committees
have elected to only cosponsor sessions.
U01 Health, Air Pollution, and Climate
Air pollution contributes to mortality and respiratory disease
worldwide, with developing countries often at highest risk. The World
Health Organization estimates that between 1.4 and 6 million people die
each year from air pollution, and in some populations up to 30% of all
respiratory disease may be linked to air pollution. As the climate
changes, increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns
are expected to yield new health challenges and may worsen existing
risks. This session will address health impacts of air pollution and
linkages between public health and climate change. Increasingly,
health-driven projects are employing state-of-the-art modeling and
measurement methodologies. We aim to bring together researchers engaged
in applying atmospheric science to health issues, engaging a broad
cross section of researchers from both developed and developing
countries. Abstracts are solicited that address quantitative
assessment methodologies for understanding the connections between
health, air pollution, and climate. We intend for presentations to
reflect research from the areas of atmospheric chemistry, climate
change, public health, and public policy, especially where these fields
overlap to address health impacts.
Conveners:
Tracey Holloway,
Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Earth Institute, Columbia University
2960 Broadway
Hogan Hall, B-16, New York, NY 10027 USA, Tel: 212 854 9934, Fax: 212 854 6309, email: th2024@columbia.edu, and
Galen McKinley,
Instituto Nacional de Ecología, Periferico 5000, piso 4
Colonia Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Mexico, DF 04530 MEX, Tel: (5255) 5424 5402, Fax: (5255) 5424 5404, email: galen@alum.mit.edu
U02 The Contributions of 20 Years of Scientific Ocean Drilling
The year 2003 marks 20 years of scientific ocean drilling through the
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), which has been widely hailed as perhaps
the most successful example of international cooperation in all of
geosciences and has resulted in important scientific advances in nearly
all subfields of marine geology and geophysics. This year also heralds
the formal beginning of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP),
an even more ambitious international program that will utilize a range
of drilling platforms for scientific ocean drilling throughout the
world's ocean basins. This session will celebrate the scientific
contributions of scientific ocean drilling through the full range of
geoscience themes. We particularly solicit abstracts that (1)
synthesize interdisciplinary, thematic, or regional results over
multiple expeditions, or (2) present historical perspectives on
contributions of scientific ocean drilling from DSDP through ODP with
an eye to the future contributions of IODP. We also encourage
submission of abstracts that relate to the major findings of scientific
ocean drilling, including (but not limited to) the evidence for climate
change, both abrupt and long-term; the record of sea-level change;
microbial presence and processes in the ocean sediments and crust; the
nature of oceanic crust; subduction processes; and fluid flow in
oceanic crust and sediments and in subduction settings.
Conveners:
Keir Becker, University of Miami - RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker
Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA, Tel: 1-305-361-4661, Fax:
1-305-361-4632, email: kbecker@rsmas.miami.edu, and Nicklas Pisias,
COAS, Oregon State University, , Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel:
1-541-737-5213, Fax: 1-541-737-2064, email: npisias@coas.oregonstate.edu
U03 Recent Infrasound Studies, Phenomena, and Development
Volcanologists, seismologists, and atmospheric physicists all have used
infrasound (<20 Hz atmospheric acoustic waves) to infer
characteristics of significant phenomena. Instrumenting, acquiring,
and interpreting infrasound signals from natural and man-made activity
requires an understanding of how significant phenomena generate
long-period sound waves, how these waves propagate through the
turbulent atmosphere, and how they can be clearly recorded despite high
levels of wind and turbulent noise. The objective of this session is
to discuss and present recent advances in the study of these sound
waves for the purposes of better understanding source phenomenology and
the structure of Earth's atmosphere.
Conveners: Chris Hayward, Department of Geological
Sciences, Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750395, Dallas, TX
75275-0395 USA, Tel: 1 214 768-3031, Fax: 1 214 768-4291, email:
hayward@smu.edu, and Michael Andrew Huvud Hedlin, Laboratory for
Atmospheric Acoustics, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics,
UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA, Tel: 1 858
534-8773, Fax: 1 858 534-6354, email: hedlin@ucsd.edu
U04 New Advances in Data and Service Access for Support of Science Research and Decision Support (POSTER)
This session focuses on new advances related to making diverse data
usable and available to space and Earth science researchers and
decision makers. It includes all aspects of the end-to-end data and
service flow, from data organization to decision support systems.
Topics also include standards, modeling, metadata, interoperability,
and tool reuse.
Conveners:
Robin Pfister, Mail Code 423, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, ,
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301 614 5171, Fax: 301 614 5267, email:
robin.g.pfister@nasa.gov, and Richard Ullman, Mail Code 423, NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301 614
5228, Fax: 301 614 5267, email: richard.ullman@nasa.gov
U05 Earth's Collapsing Dipole
Earth's dipole moment has been decreasing at a rate of
approximately 10% in the last 150 years, continuing a downward
trend that has persisted over the last 4000 years. The trend has
far-reaching implications, ranging from the potential for
continued and more extensive satellite radiation damage, to the
speculation that the field is heading toward reversal. Large changes
in Earth's field may generate corresponding changes in
structure of the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Atmospheric changes
are known to result from present-day and historical variations in
solar activity and might be responsible for accompanying climate
changes. The presence or absence of a magnetic field plays an
important role in planetary atmospheric conditions, with significant
geochemical consequences. The goal of this session is to draw
together observations and theoretical and computation studies from a range
of geophysical disciplines to understand the nature and implications
of this remarkable decrease in dipole intensity.
Conveners: John Tarduno, Department of Earth and
Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, 227 Hutchison Hall,
Rochester, NY 14627 USA, Tel: 585 275 5713, Fax: 585 244 5689, email:
john@earth.rochester.edu, and Catherine Constable, Institute of
Geophysics and Planetary Physics, SIO, University of California San
Diego, , La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, Tel: 858 534 3183, Fax: 858 534 8090,
email: cconstable@ucsd.edu, and Charles M. Jackman, NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center, MC 926, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001 USA, Tel:
(301)614-6053, Fax: (301)614-5903, email: jackman@assess.gsfc.nasa.gov,
and Eigil Friis-Christensen, Danish Space Research Institute,
Juliane Maries Vej 30, Copenhagen, DK-2100 DNK, Tel: (+45) 3532 5707,
email: efc@dsri.dk
U06 Virtual Observatories in Space and Earth Sciences
Progress during the next era in Earth and space science will benefit
from an integrated data environment. That integrated data environment
should ideally offer easy and simultaneous access to multiple sources
of high-quality observations, long-term geophysical records, model
output, and data services across traditional discipline boundaries as
well as enable the use of tools that enable the use of those data. The
ready availability of cheap, powerful microprocessors means that we can
revisit the concept of a data "archive": We can form "virtual
observatories" that enable users, in principle, to meet many of their
data requirements through one interface. Within the AGU community,
there are many approaches to addressing all or part of the virtual
observatory concept. We solicit abstracts from science users,
information technologists, and current service providers to (1)
highlight achievements and lessons learned from current systems and
services, (2) identify the scientific, technical, and programmatic data
challenges facing the Earth and space science community, and (3)
describe emerging architectural and technical solutions.
Conveners:
Larry Paxton, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA, Tel: 240 228
6871, Fax: 240 228 6670, email: larry.paxton@jhuapl.edu, and Peter C.
Cornillon, Univ Rhode IslandGraduate School Oceanography, ,
Narragansett, RI 02882 USA, Tel: 401 874 6283, Fax: 401 874 6702,
email: pcornillon@gso.uri.edu, and Tim Ahern, IRIS Data Management
Center, 1408 NE 45th Street #201, Seattle, WA 98105 USA, Tel: 206 547
0393 x 118, Fax: 206 547 1093, email: tim@iris.washington.edu
U07 Estimating the Consequences of Severe Geophysical Events
Many geophysical phenomena lead to severe economic, social, and
political consequences. Estimating these consequences requires
understanding not only the geophysics involved, but also the economics,
sociology and politics influenced by the geophysical phenomenon.
Examples range from estimating the economic and social consequences of
a severe earthquake, weather, or climatic event, to assessing global
warming, to estimating the ultimate social and political consequences
resulting from the finiteness of petroleum resources. This session
will explore estimates of consequences as well as emerging estimation
methodologies. Of particular interest will be improving understanding
of what geophysical questions have the most significant influence on
the estimation of consequences. We hope to explore the consequences of
geophysical events and phenomena such as resource finiteness,
earthquakes, meteor impacts, volcanic eruptions, climate change,
hurricanes, severe storms, floods, groundwater contamination, and
floods.
Conveners:
Amos Nur,
Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, 317 Mitchell Bldg
397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Tel: 650 723 9526, Fax: 650 723 1188, email: amos.nur@stanford.edu, and
Robert L. Wesson,
U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 966
Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303 273 8524, Fax: 303 273 8600, email: rwesson@usgs.gov
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental, and Observational Constraints
Rapid progress is being made in understanding the state, history, and
dynamics of the core-mantle boundary (CMB)region. The purpose of this
session is to bring together researchers with different approaches to
discuss recent findings and promote interdisciplinary dialogue. Topics
to be discussed include the following: What is the nature of the
ultralow velocity zone at the base of the lower mantle? What causes
anisotropy in D''? How is angular momentum exchanged across the CMB?
How is matter transferred between the core and mantle, what geochemical
signatures would be expected, and what would this mean for the physical
state and dynamics of D''? Is radiogenic heat production in the core
significant? How do core-mantle fluxes influence mantle convection and
the geodynamo, and vice versa? We encourage contributions from all
relevant fields, including seismology, mineral physics, geochemistry,
geodynamics, geomagnetism, magnetohydrodynamics, and geodesy.
Conveners:
James A. Van Orman,
Case Western Reserve University, , , USA, email: jav12@cwru.edu, and
Abby Kavner,
UCLA, , , USA, email: akavner@igpp.ucla.edu, and
Alan D Brandon,
NASA/JSC, , , USA, email: alan.d.brandon@nasa.gov, and
Bruce Buffett,
University of British Columbia, , , CAN, email: buffett@geop.ubc.ca
U09 Evolution of Biogeochemical Cycles
In the absence of coupled biogeochemical cycles, life (as we know it)
can neither originate nor persist on any planet, yet we do not
understand how biogeochemical cycles develop and evolve. This session
will provide a forum for understanding how biogeochemical cycles
evolved on Earth and how to use that knowledge to search for evidence
of past or present life on other planets and to explore the future of
life on Earth. Although we have detailed knowledge of numerous
physicochemical and biochemical processes, we do not understand how
many key metabolic processes, such as nitrogen fixation, oxygenic
photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, and anaerobic metal and sulfate
reduction, coevolved to form interactive biogeochemical cycles on a
planetary scale. At the heart of this enigma is our ignorance of the
rules of biochemical evolution that govern how energy conversion
between coupled chemical processes evolved to become "living" organisms
and of the mechanisms of the major transformations in the history of
both life and the biosphere. Moreover, on Earth, several biogeochemical
cycles have been markedly altered by human activities over the past 200
years. As we drift further away from the biogeochemical domain that
characterized Earth prior to human perturbation, we must understand
how biogeochemical cycles interact with each other and other planetary
processes to maintain a habitable planet. This session will
encourage dialogue among scientists with expertise in molecular
evolution, microbial ecology, biogeochemsitry, and planet formation.
Conveners:
Paul Falkowski, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers
University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521 USA, Tel:
(732) 932-6555 ext. 370, Fax: (732) 932-4083, email:
falko@imcs.rutgers.edu, and Michael New, NASA, 300 E St., SW,
Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel: (202) 358-1766, Fax: (202)
358-3097, email: michael.h.new@nasa.gov
U10 Human-Induced Climate Variations Linked to Urbanization: From Observations to Modeling
The goal of this session is to convene scientists from interdisciplinary
backgrounds to discuss the data, scientific approaches, and recent
results of urban impacts on climate. With the intent of identifying
our current stand and the future direction of urban study, this session
will highlight both remote sensing observations and modeling
capabilities for investigating the changes on the climate system and
its subcomponents induced by human activities in urban areas, from
regional to global scales. Urbanization is one of the extreme cases
of land use change. Currently, urban regions are a relatively small
portion of the land. However, most of the population of the world is
moving to urban areas. By 1995, more than 70% of the populations of
North America and Europe were living in cities. The United Nations
estimates that by 2025, 60% of the world's population will live in
cities. Therefore better understanding f how the
atmosphere-ocean-land-biosphere system responds to human activities in
urban zones is critical. Our understanding of urbanization effects on
climate is incomplete, partly because human activities alter or add
physical processes responsible for possible climate change besides
natural variations, and partly because limited data sets have been
available for studying urban effects globally. Urban construction
changes surface roughness, albedo, heat capacity, and vegetation
coverage. In addition, traffic and industry increase atmospheric
aerosols. It is suggested that urbanization may modify rainfall
processes through aerosol-cloud interactions or dynamic feedbacks.
Because the urbanization effect on climate is determined by many
factors including land cover, the city's microscale features,
population density, and human lifestyle patterns, it is necessary to
study urban areas regionally to globally in order to assess the general
features and extremities of the urban effect. Abstracts are solicited
to establish an interdisciplinary forum combining remote sensing,
environmental science, boundary layer microphysics, numerical modeling
(global to regional), and human dimensions to address questions
including (but not limited to) the following: (1) How does
urbanization modify the climate system, and how can nature respond to
such disturbance? (2) What would be the ranges and extremes of the
urban effect? How do we determine and measure such extremes? (3) How
could we generalize or represent urban modifications in global
circulation, numerical weather prediction, and regional
land-atmosphere models? (4) How do urban areas change local rainfall
intensity, distribution, and frequency? What could the downwind and
upwind effects be? How are forcing and response of urban effects on
rainfall represented in numerical models? (5) What are the changes to
aerosol populations and clouds due to human activities in the urban
environment? (6) What are the socioeconomic impacts of urban-induced
climate changes?
Conveners:
J. Marshall Shepherd, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, ,
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301) 614-6327, email:
Marshall.Shepherd@nasa.gov, and Menglin Jin, Department of
Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, , College Park, MD
20742 USA, Tel: (301)-405-8833, Fax: (301)-314-9482, email:
mjin@atmos.umd.edu
U11 Facilitating Geosciences Research in Developing Countries (POSTER)
Although many developing countries have been increasing their investment
in scientific research in recent years, their participation in
international scientific activities (attendance at international
meetings, publications in international journals, participation in
international research programs, etc.) is much too low compared with
North America, Europe, Japan, and the Australian region. This session
aims to bring to the attention of the worldwide geosciences community,
key problems encountered by scientists in developing countries when
conducting their research (e.g., funding, access to international
literature, choice of research topics). Identifying the problems may
help mitigate some of them, at least inside the AGU, which includes
among its goals the development of a planet-wide network of members in
geophysical research and the increase in participation in AGU
activities from members traditionally little involved, in particular
those from developing countries. This session encourages the
presentation of current national programs conducted in developing
countries, future research plans in geosciences, as well as joint
programs with developed countries. Particular emphasis on specific
problems encountered in these regions would be of high interest. In
addition, presentations dealing with future plans for local/regional
conferences, schools, and workshops in geophysical sciences, in
conjunction with the AGU, will be also welcome. It is of primary
interest that this session serve as a forum for discussing and
identifying, if possible, common problems encountered in countries
involved, for which appropriate practical solutions may be suggested.
Conveners:
Walter D. Gonzalez, Natl Inst Space Research, CP 515, San Jose dos
Campos, SP 12201-970 BRA, Tel: 55-123256793, Fax: 55-123224820, email:
gonzalez@dge.inpe.br, and Anny Cazenave, Laboratoire d''Etudes en
Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiale LEGOS - GRGS/CNES, Observatoire
Midi-Pyrénées 18 Av. E. Belin, Toulouse, 31400 FRA, Tel: 33 (0) 5 61
33 29 22, Fax: 33 (0) 5 61 25 32 05, email: anny.cazenave@cnes.fr
U12 Union Tutorials (INVITED ONLY)
These
presentations will provide introductory background on the fundamental
scientific concepts of selected topics, and aid in understanding more
technically-detailed papers on the subjects presented elsewhere at the
meeting.
Conveners:
Robert Wesson,
U.S. Geological Survey, MS 966
Denver Federal Center
Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225-0046 USA, Tel: 303-273-8524, email: rwesson@usgs.gov
A00 General Atmospheric Sciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Atmospheric Sciences may be
submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit
into one of the approved, preorganized Atmospheric Sciences sessions.
General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and
sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
The Atmospheric Sciences Section (AS) studies the physics, chemistry,
and dynamics of the atmosphere, particularly in the two layers closest
to Earth's surface (the troposphere and stratosphere). These layers are
crucial to life on earth as they form the atmosphere in contact with
the planet surface; they regulate the planetary surface temperature;
play an integral role in the world's water cycle; and screen the planet
from high-energy radiation. The Section is organized into two
subsections: Atmospheric Chemistry (AC) and Atmospheric Physics and
Climate (APC). Research in AS covers topics such as: in situ homogenous
and heterogenous chemistry, atmospheric physics and dynamics, and
modeling of the lower atmosphere. Along with colleagues in other AGU
sections, AS members are studying global climate change. Much research
is focused on monitoring fluctuations in the ozone layer, aerosols,
levels of gases, and the effects of emissions from human activities
such as fossil fuel and biomass burning. The purpose of much of this
research is to develop a basic understanding of atmospheric processes,
that can be used to help design policies to respond to current or future
changes in the atmosphere and climate. The 1987 Montreal Protocol is
one example of how atmospheric scientists have successfully influenced
government policies for the protection of the environment. This
international agreement phased out the manufacture of
chlorofluorocarbons throughout most of the world.
Conveners:
Paul Novelli,
NOAA CMDL/R/E CG1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-497-6974, Fax: 303-497-6290, email: pnovelli@cmdl.noaa.gov
A01 Chemistry and Dynamics of the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere
The upper troposphere/lower stratosphere is a relatively undersampled
region of the atmosphere where measurements can help resolve many
longstanding issues of Earth's chemistry and climate. This session will
examine some important problems in geosciences that measurements, such
as those from the NASA WB-57F aircraft, have helped to resolve.
Contributions are solicited in the areas of chemistry and dynamics of
the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, including the plumes of
aircraft and rockets; particle microphysics; radionuclides and stable
isotopes; radiative balance; mechanisms of dehydration; and remote
sensing.
Conveners:
Daniel James Cziczo, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway R/AL6 ,
Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 3034973755, Fax: 3034975373, email:
djcziczo@al.noaa.gov, and Martin Ross, Aerospace Corp., PO Box
929576 M5-615 , Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA, Tel: 3103360360, Fax:
3105368208, email: martin.n.ross@aero.org, and Darin Toohey, PAOS,
The University of Colorado, Stadium 255, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel:
3037350002, Fax: 3037354515, email: toohey@colorado.edu
A02 Biogenic Reactive Trace Compounds and Their Role in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
The biosphere acts as the largest source and a major sink of reactive
trace gases in the troposphere. Biogenic trace gases affect
tropospheric chemistry, air quality, and the formation of gaseous and
particulate secondary products and thus Earth's climate on a regional
and global scale. Quantitative understanding of the impacts of biogenic
emissions is confined mainly by our limited knowledge regarding the
source strengths of reactive trace gases and their chemical
composition, and by our limited knowledge of the interdependent
biological, chemical, and meteorological processes determining their
biosphere-atmosphere exchange. This session is open to all
contributions related to field studies of reactive trace gas exchange
processes at various spatial and temporal scales, to laboratory and
simulation experiments investigating the role of biogenic compounds in
atmospheric chemistry and climate, and to modeling activities of
biosphere-atmosphere exchange and atmospheric chemistry of biogenic
compounds. Abstracts discussing results from recent multidisciplinary
research projects carried out in North America (e.g., Blodgett Forest,
PROPHET), in Amazonia (e.g., LBA) and in Europe (e.g., ECHO, BEWA) are
particularly encouraged. Topics to be addressed in this session
include the influence of environmental parameters on biogenic emissions
and deposition of reactive trace gases; emission algorithms and their
application in emission models; biosphere-atmosphere exchange
processes; upscaling of biogenic emissions; photochemistry of biogenic
VOC and secondary products; formation of aerosols and organic nitrates
from biogenic VOC and their potential impact on tropospheric
photochemistry; and the interdependence of climate and atmospheric
chemistry on biogenic trace gas emissions.
Conveners:
Allen H. Goldstein,
University of California, Division of Ecosystem Sciences
151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3110 USA, Tel: 510-643-2451, Fax: 510-643-5098, email: ahg@nature.berkeley.edu, and
Ralf Koppmann,
Institut fuer Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphaere, Institut II: Troposphaere
Forschungszentrum Juelich
, Juelich, 52425 DEU, Tel: 49-2461-61-5118, Fax: 49-2461-61-8190, email: r.koppmann@fz-juelich.de
A03 Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Critical Estuary Habitats: The Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE)
The Bay Region Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE) was held during
May 2002 and was an interdisciplinary field measurement designed to
improve understanding of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to Tampa Bay.
BRACE researchers made a complete suite of chemical and meteorological
measurements from ground stations and an instrumented aircraft.
Nutrient increases can stimulate the growth of phytoplankton and change
the species composition of estuary ecosystems, resulting in poisonous
algal blooms, anoxia, increased turbidity, and the loss of important
plant and animal populations. Estuaries may receive from 20 to 60% of
externally supplied nitrogen from a combination of direct atmospheric
deposition and deposition to the watershed which supplies it. One of
the most important of the Gulf Coast estuaries is Tampa Bay. There has
been a reduction of 72% in the sea grass coverage in Tampa Bay over the
last 70 years caused by anthropogenic nitrogen inputs. Twenty-nine
percent of this nitrogen input is estimated to come from direct
atmospheric deposition. The BRACE session will be a forum to present
the results of the field program and promote cooperation,
collaboration, and interdisciplinary connections between the various
researchers and institutions involved in the program.
Interdisciplinary research will be emphasized.
Conveners: Thomas B. Watson, NOAA Air Resources
Laboratory, 1750 Foote Drive , Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA, Tel: (208)
526-9397, Fax: (208) 526-2549, email: tom.watson@noaa.gov, and Noreen
Poor, University of South Florida/College of Public Health, 13201
Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA, Tel: (813) 974-8144, email:
npoor@hsc.usf.edu
A04 The Organic Aerosol Component: Impact on Reactivity, Optical Properties, Hygroscopicity and Cloud-Condensation Properties
Ambient aerosols can affect many aspects of the Earth’s climate and
chemistry. Particles scatter incident sunlight, are critical in
determining the properties of clouds, and provide surfaces facilitating
multiphase reactions. These effects depend, of course, on aerosol
composition, and much attention has been paid recently to the
ubiquitous and substantial organic fraction in particles. One of the
vital challenges facing researchers is to understand and assess the
biogenic and anthropogenic sources of organic species and their roles
in the formation, growth, and aging of particulate matter. In the
atmosphere, this organic component often exists in internally mixed
particles, sometimes with surface-active organic compounds surrounding
aqueous or inorganic cores. Such coated particles may have significant
impacts on the reactivity, hygroscopicity, and optical properties of
the aerosol. An emphasis will be placed on identifying future
laboratory studies and field measurements necessary to systematically
address issues such as these. Consequently, we would like this session
to tell a story about the role of organic constituents in aerosols by
highlighting current research in the following areas: oxidation of
gas-phase and particulate organics and subsequent particle formation
and growth; aerosol processing through heterogeneous chemistry and
photochemistry; optical properties of internally mixed aerosols;
hygroscopicity of and phase transitions in particles; surface
properties, including surface-specific chemistry and cloud
condensation; and comprehensive field observations of aerosols and
cloud droplets.
Conveners: Geoffrey D Smith, University of Georgia, 1001
Cedar St., Chemistry Building, Athens, GA 30602-2556 USA, Tel:
706-583-0478, Fax: 706-542-9454, email: gsmith@chem.uga.edu, and
Thomas Mentel, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre Juelich,
, Juelich, DEU, Tel: + 49 (0)2461 61 6921, email:
t.mentel@fz-juelich.de
A05 2002 New England Air Quality Study
The 2002 New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) was an intensive effort
to investigate the chemical and meteorological factors that contribute
to poor air quality in this region, especially in coastal areas. The
campaign combined efforts of numerous educational institutions as well
as federal, state, and local agencies. Data were collected from an
extensive network of ground sites, from the NOAA research vessel Ronald
H. Brown, and from the DOE G-1 aircraft. Intensive measurements were
taken from 12 July through 10 August, 2002, although many of the ground
stations routinely collect data year-round. This session will focus on
results from the mid-July to mid-August period of the 2002 NEAQS;
however, abstracts are solicited on all aspects of air quality in
coastal areas.
Conveners:
Eric Williams, NOAA/Aeronomy Lab. & CIRES/Univ. of Colorado, 325
Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 303/497-3226, Fax: 303/497-5126,
email: eric@al.noaa.gov, and Bob Talbot, Institute for the Study of
Earth, Oceans, and Space, Morse Hall University of New Hampshire 39
College Road, Durham, NH 03824 USA, Tel: 603/862-0322, Fax:
603/862-1915, email: rwt@christa.unh.edu, and Tim Bates,
NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,
Seattle, WA 98115 USA, Tel: 206/526-6248, Fax: 206/526-6744, email:
tim.bates@noaa.gov
A06 Comparative Photochemical Modeling of Earth and Planetary Atmospheres
Atmospheric photochemistry on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Venus,
Earth, Mars, Io, Titan, Triton, and Pluto was reviewed in Yung and
DeMore's [1999] book “Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres.” The
authors summarized the chemical cycles that control the present
composition and past history of these atmospheres. This session focuses
on recent advances in photochemical modeling of planetary atmospheres.
This comparative approach may aid studies of planetary evolution and
astrobiological potential for planets in our solar and extrasolar
systems.
Conveners:
Yuk L. Yung,
California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences
1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 USA, Tel: 626-395-6940, Fax: 626-585-1917, email: yly@mercu1.gps.caltech.edu, and
G. Randall Gladstone,
Southwest Research Institute, Instrumentation and Space Research Division
6220 Culebra Rd., San Antonio, TX 78238 USA, Tel: 210-522-3581, Fax: 210-543-0052, email: rgladstone@swri.edu
A07 Contributions to Middle Atmosphere Science by Solar Occultation Instrumentation
Since the late 1970s a series of international instruments have employed
solar occultation to measure profiles of aerosol extinction, ozone, and
other gases from the middle troposphere through the mesosphere. These
instruments include the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment series
(SAGE; 1979-present), the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE;
1991-present), the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement series (POAM;
1993-1996, 1998-present), and the Improved Limb Atmospheric Sounder
(ILAS; 1996-1997). These instruments have provided insight to key
climate change issues including long-term ozone and water vapor trends
in the stratosphere, the effect of volcanic eruptions on climate, and
processes in and around the Arctic and Antarctic vortices. The
prominent role of solar occultation instruments in middle atmospheric
science is assured by the new instruments that have been recently
launched or will be launched shortly. These include SAGE III (2002),
ILAS II (2002), Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for
Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY; 2002), and Atmospheric Chemistry
Experiment/Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and
Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE/MAESTRO; summer 2003). In
this session, we seek contributions that highlight the scientific
applications of data from solar occultation instruments and ones that
highlight the capabilities of newly launched instruments.
Conveners: Larry W Thomason, NASA Langley Research
Center, Mail Stop 475, Hampton, VA 23681 USA, Tel: 757 864 6842, Fax:
757 864 2671, email: l.w.thomason@nasa.gov, and Philip L. DeCola,
NASA Headquarters, Code YS, Washington, DC 20546 USA, Tel: 202-358-0768,
Fax: 202-358-2770, email: pdecola@hq.nasa.gov, and Richard
Bevilacqua, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 7220, Washington, DC
20375-5320 USA, Tel: 202-767-0768, Fax: 202-767-7885, email:
bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil
A08 Results From the SOLVE II/VINTERSOL Mission
The Sage III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment II (SOLVE II) took
place in January and Feburary 2003 in conjunction with the European
VINTERSOL campaign. This session highlights the results of these
winter campaigns to study the polar vortex and the polar ozone layer
and to help validate SAGE III data.
Conveners:
Mark R Schoeberl,
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 916
NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-6002, Fax: 301-614-5903, email: Mark.R.Schoeberl@nasa.gov, and
Lamont R Poole,
NASA/Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 435
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA, Tel: 757-864-2689, Fax: 757-864-7775, email: l.r.poole@larc.nasa.gov
A09 Tropical Cirrus Anvils: Properties and Processes
This session will cover tropical anvil and in situ cirrus
physical properties (e.g., ice crystal sizes and shapes,
cloud structure, evolution), physical processes controlling
cirrus formation and life cycle (e.g., dynamics, droplet
activation, and ice nucleation in deep convection; and
microphysical, dynamical, and radiative processes in the
anvils), and the effects of tropical cumulonimbus-anvil
systems on upper tropospheric water, lower stratospheric
water, and radiative fluxes. In particular, we solicit
results from the recent Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical
Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment
(CRYSTAL-FACE).
Conveners:
Eric Jensen,
NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4
, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650-604-4392, Fax: 650-604-3625, email: ejensen@sky.arc.nasa.gov, and
Donald E Anderson,
NASA Headquarters, Code YS
NASA HQ, Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel: 202-358-1432, Fax: 202-358-2770, email: danders1@hq.nasa.gov
A10 Effects of Biomass Burning Plumes on the Troposphere and Stratosphere
The injection of biomass burning plumes, especially from boreal forest
fires, into the troposphere and lower stratosphere poses many
challenges to atmospheric research. In this session we encourage
abstracts of the latest research on the following topics: (1)
detection, frequency, maximum altitude and geographic distribution of
such events and their importance for global budgets; (2) in situ and
remote sensing measurements of composition, and air quality aspects;
(3) long-range transport of the plumes, and radiative forcing and other
implications; (4) details of high altitude lofting and injection
processes, what is the role of the fires?, and what are the
similarities/distinctions with volcanic eruptive processes?; and (5)
the impact of the plumes on atmospheric chemistry.
Conveners:
Hans-Jürg Jost,
BAER Institute, NASA Ames Research Center
MS 245-5
, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650 604 0697, Fax: 650 604 3625, email: hjost@mail.arc.nasa.gov, and
Mike Fromm,
Computational Physics, Inc., 8001 Braddock Rd.
Suite 210, Springfield, VA 22151 USA, Tel: (202) 404 1389, email: mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil, and
Katja Drdla,
NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, email: katja@katja.arc.nasa.gov
A11 Integrating Aerosol Measurements and Models
Major uncertainties in chemistry and climate models concern the
representation of the source, composition, size, shape, and spatial
distribution of aerosols. Information on the size, chemical
composition, and optical properties of aerosols is critical to
accurately assessing their respective impact. New aerosol data that
become available from recent large international field studies (INDOEX,
ACE-Asia) as well as from new satellite sensors (MODIS, MISR) and
recent advances in aerosol measurements (e.g., single particle
analysis, such as that carried out with single particle mass
spectrometers (e.g., ATOFMS, PALMS), aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS),
fast response PILS, etc.) are providing unique and detailed information
on the composition of aerosol. The purpose of this session is to
provide a forum for measurers and modelers to discuss ways to bridge
the newer state-of-the-art aerosol measurements with models. The goal
of this session is to present abstracts showing the current state of
measurements and models. We hope to address how the measurements are
fitting in with the models, and what the modelers can do and need from
the measurement side. It is critical to bring these two groups together
so they can begin bridging the gap between measurements and modeling,
and the combined strengths of the two can yield a better fundamental
knowledge of tropospheric aerosols.
Conveners:
Kimberly A. Prather,
U.C. San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr.
Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92024-0314 USA, Tel: 858-822-5312, email: kprather@ucsd.edu, and
Gregory R. Carmichael,
University of Iowa, Karl Kammermeyer Professor of Chemical Engineering
Co-Director, Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research
Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies
428 IATL, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA, Tel: 319/335-3332, Fax: 319/335-3337, email: gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu, and
Joyce Penner,
University of Michigan, Dept. of Atmos., Ocean and Space Studies
University of Michigan
2455 hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel: 734-936-0519, Fax: 734-764-5137, email: penner@umich.edu, and
Stefan Kinne,
Max-Planck Inst. for Meterology, Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology
Bunderstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, DEU, Tel: 011-49-40-41173-383, Fax: 011-49-40-1173-298, email: kinne@dkrz.de
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of Atmospheric Gases
Isotopic ratio measurements help constrain the magnitudes and locations
of sources and sinks by adding additional tracers that are closely
linked by source and sink processes. This session is intended to be an
overview of the current state of the application of isotopic tracers to
global budgets of atmospheric gases. Atmospheric isotopic measurements
have been applied to a wide variety of molecules of interest to both
the atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycling communities.
Although the applications are diverse, there are many issues
surrounding both measurements and their interpretation that are common
to all. We encourage contributions dealing with measurements,
measurement techniques, and modeling of isotopic ratios of atmospheric
species on large spatial scales.
Conveners:
John B Miller,
University of Colorado, Boulder, R/CMDL 1
325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, email: john.b.miller@noaa.gov, and
Thomas Roeckmann,
Max Planck Institut fur Kernphsyik, , , DEU, email: Thomas.Roeckmann@mpi-hd.mpg.de
A13 The Aura Mission to Study Chemistry and Climate
The Aura spacecraft will be launched into orbit at the end of January
2004. This session will feature invited talks on the science goals,
measurements and validation activities associated with the the Aura
mission. Talks by the instrument PIs will set the stage for the
contributed abstracts on the algorithms, validation flight plans, and
opportunities for AGU scientists to participate in this mission
Conveners:
Mark R. Schoeberl,
NASA/GSFC, Code 916 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, email: Mark.R.Schoeberl@nasa.gov, and
Anne Douglass,
NASA/GSFC, Code 916 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, email: douglass@carioca.gsfc.nasa.gov
A14 A Quarter Century of Satellite Measurements by TOMS
The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) was originally launched on
Nimbus 7 in 1978 to map the meteorological variability of the total
column content of ozone. The instrument lasted more than 14 years in
orbit, and its successors are still making measurements today. Analysis
of the solar ultraviolet radiation backscattered from the Earth has
gone well beyond the original measurements of ozone. We routinely
derive aerosol properties from TOMS that show desert dust and biomass
burning signatures over both land and ocean. The TOMS measurements are
used to derive a daily measure of surface ultraviolet radiation. TOMS
reflectivity measurements in the UV identify changes in cloud cover and
radiation reflected to space. After volcanic eruptions, TOMS measures
the signal of sulfur dioxide in the plume, allowing the identification
and quantification of the total release from volcanoes worldwide. For
all of these measurements we now have a 25-year record that serves as a
baseline for current and future studies of decadal climate variability.
Abstracts are solicited on the following topics: long-term ozone
measurements by TOMS, ozone mapping and variability using TOMS
measurements, aerosol measurements by TOMS, UV radiation measurements
by TOMS, volcanic SO^2 measurements by TOMS, use of TOMS measurements
combined with measurements by other satellites, derivation of
tropospheric ozone using TOMS, comparison of TOMS measurements to
ground-based measurements, and use of TOMS measurements to test
atmospheric models.
Conveners:
Richard S Stolarski,
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 916
Greenbelt Road
, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-5982, Fax: 301-614-5903, email: stolar@polska.gsfc.nasa.gov, and
Jack A Kaye,
NASA Headquarters, Code YSM
, Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel: 202-358-0757, Fax: 202-358-2770, email: Jack.A.Kaye@nasa.gov, and
Arlin Krueger,
University of Maryland Baltimore County, 100 Hilltop Circle
, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA, email: akrueger@umbc.edu
A15 Ocean/Atmospheric Modeling
The
Department of Defense (DOD) High Performance Computing Modernization
Program supports several large DOD Challenge Projects in the area of
ocean and atmospheric modeling. DOD researchers model global,
regional, and littoral ocean environments to provide accurate ocean
forecasting methods for DOD operational units. In addition, coupling
between atmospheric, ocean, and sea ice models is being actively
investigated. This session will present works by DOD computational
scientists in these areas. Workers studying other aspects of
atmospheric and oceanic modeling are encouraged to submit abstracts to
this session.
Conveners:
Larry Davis, DOD High Performance Modernization Program, 101010
North Glebe Road, Suite 510, Arlington, VA 22201 USA, Tel:
703-812-8205, Fax: 703-812-9701, email: larryd@hpcmo.hpc.mil, and Alan
Wallcraft, Naval Research Laboratory, (Code 7323), Stennis Space
Center, MS 39529 USA, Tel: 228-688-4813, Fax: 228-688-4759, email:
Alan.Wallcraft@nrlssc.navy.mil
Atmospheric Sciences also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
H28 Observations and Modeling of Land Surface Hydrological Processes
P01 Geological Evidence for Recent Climate Change on Mars
PP13 Rapid Climate Change during the Holocene and Last Glacial
B01 Disturbance, Climate, and Management Impacts on Carbon Budgets of Forested Ecosystems
B02 Soil Carbon Changes With Biomass Removal
B03 The Relationship Between Biological Productivity and Terrestrial Carbon Storage
B06 The Utilization of Compound Specific Analysis in Biogeochemistry
B11 Environmental Assessment From the Width, Anatomy, and Chemical Composition of Tree Rings
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B14 Estimating Terrestrial Carbon, Water, and Energy Fluxes From Site to Region
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions, Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
G01 Advanced Tropospheric Sensing Methods and Accuracy of Tropospheric Information Determined by Space Geodetic Techniques
G07 Geocenter: Reference Frame Definition and Influence of Geophysical Fluids
G08 Use of Observations and Models of the Atmosphere and Oceans in Geodesy and Geodynamics
H19 Observations and Theoretical and Numerical Studies of Land Surface Heterogeneities on Land-Atmosphere Modeling (POSTER)
H20 Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP)
H21 Use of Artificial Intelligence Methods in Geosciences (POSTER)
H35 Early Results From NASA's EOS Aqua Spacecraft Mission
OS03 Oceanography of the Tropical Atlantic
OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Past, Present, and Future
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas Hydrate From Around the Globe
P06 Science Rationale for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter Mission
PP07 Evolution of the Antarctic Climate System: Modeling and Observation
PP10 The Last Interglacial
PP11 Global, Hemispheric and Regional Climate Signals During the Last Millennium
PP12 Evolution of Earth's Greenhouse Effect
SA01 Energy and Momentum Balance in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: Results From the TIMED Mission
V06 Volcanic Emissions to the Troposphere: Fluxes, Feedbacks, Impacts
AE01 Advances in Lightning and Atmospheric Electricity Remote Sensing Systems and Algorithms
AE02 The Physics of Lightning and Storm Electrification
AE03 Lightning, Meteorology and Climate
AE04 Electrical Effects of Thunderstorms on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive, Translator, and Facilitator
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
H37 Designing a Network of Hydrologic Observatories (INVITED ONLY)
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic Composition of the Atmosphere
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of Ecosystem Change
B26 Land Use Impacts on Trace Gas Exchanges: BATREX Contribution to New Global Change Science Agenda
H34 Use of Remotely Sensed Boundary Conditions in Land Surface Modeling
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North America
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates
B00 General Biogeosciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Biogeosciences may be submitted to
this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of
the approved, preorganized Biogeosciences sessions. General
contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions
will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
Biogeosciences emphasizes linkages between biological sciences and
geophysical sciences fundamental to study of the Earth and other
planets. Research areas within the section include biogeochemistry,
biogeophysics, astrobiology, and planetary ecosystem science. Those
interested in advancing the understanding of coupled biological and
geophysical processes and phenomenon in emerging research areas in
biology, ecology and earth and planetary science should submit general
contributions. Some examples of such processes include, but are not
limited to: biosphere-atmosphere-climate interactions, nutrient cycles
and their interactions and feedbacks to abiotic processes, effects of
stream flow patterns on aquatic biodiversity, extinction events in
Earth history and existence of life under extreme conditions on Earth
or other planets.
Conveners:
Mary Voytek,
U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr.
MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703-648-6894, Fax: 703-648-5484, email: mavoytek@usgs.gov
B01 Disturbance, Climate, and Management Impacts on Carbon Budgets of Forested Ecosystems
The net exchange of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the
atmosphere is regulated by complex interactions between climate,
disturbance history (including land use), vegetation physiology, and
soil processes. The temporal scales of importance to these interactions
span at least 5 orders of magnitude: from the rapid response of
biochemical components, to seasonal dynamics of the water budget, to
interannual dynamics of allocation and growth, to decadal effects of
climate variability on species composition and disturbance regimes, to
the integrated effects of all these factors on centennial dynamics of
soil organic matter and woody biomass. Land use of woodland and
forested ecosystems include logging of large trees, overgrazing, and
fire suppression, and the variation among woody ecosystems is much too
great for a single treatment to be appropriate everywhere. The
integration of field observations, remote sensing, and ecosystem
modeling will be key to understanding the trajectories of change in
northern ecosystems over time. This session will focus on multiple
interacting factors that contribute to complex mosaics of woodland and
forested ecosystems including, but not limited to, climate variability,
land use and management practices, and disturbance regimes. We
encourage submissions that highlight the innovative and creative
integration of modeling, remote sensing, and field observations toward
understanding biogeochemical cycling in woody ecosystems across
climatic, disturbance, and management gradients.
Conveners:
Kathy A Hibbard,
Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science
, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 541.737.8021, Fax: 541.737.1393, email: kathy.hibbard@oregonstate.edu, and
Mike Apps,
Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre
506 West Burnside Road
, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5 CAN, Fax: 250.363.0775, email: mapps@nrcan.gc.ca
B02 Soil Carbon Changes With Biomass Removal
There is a drive to produce more bioenergy products (both as biofuels
and also direct burning of biomass). In many agriculture systems,
there is biomass left after removal of grains. In the past this was
burned in the fields and a great deal was left in the fields to help
prevent winds and water erosion. Even when fields were tilled,
legislation implemented by the U.S. Congress in Farm Bill programs
requires that at least 30 percent ground cover remain. There is also
more minimum or zero tillage now being practiced. Farmers and land
mangers are always looking for new ways to improve the bottom line, and
one method is to sell the aboveground biomass they produce. But to
maintain soil quality and agriculture stability, we need to leave some
residue behind to replenish the soil. ARS-DOE has a large project to
look at biomass removal with one of the crops such as switchgrass and
corn. With switchgrass you have a sod cover, and this protects the
soil, but with crops like corn there is not a lot of cover when the
biomass is removed. We need to understand the effects of such biomass
on the soil and the processes that go on in the soil (microbial
changes, leaching, nutrient supplying, etc.). Forest lands and lands
upon which rapidly growing trees are produced are also a potential
source of biomass fuel. We are very interested in submissions related
to this topic that will help in understanding the effects of biomass
removal and the effects on soil carbon.
Conveners:
Ron Follett,
USDA-ARS, Federal Building, Room 424
PO Box E
, Fort Collins, CO 80525 USA, Tel: 9704908220, Fax: 9704908213, email: rfollett@lamar.colostate.edu, and
John Kimble,
USDA-NRCS, Fed. Bldg. Room 152, MS 34
100 Centennial Mall North
, Lincoln, NE 68508-3866 USA, Tel: 402 437 5376, Fax: 402 437 5336, email: john.kimble@usda.gov
B03 The Relationship Between Biological Productivity and Terrestrial Carbon Storage
It is often assumed that there is a relationship between biological
productivity and carbon storage, but high rates of sequestration can be
documented in areas with widely different NPP. Inverse modeling
results and eddy flux observations suggest that many terrestrial
ecosystems are sequestering a surprisingly high proportion of their
NPP, at levels expected for young or recently disturbed systems.
Environmental controls over the proportion of NPP sequestered are
diverse. For example, boreal wetlands may store a high proportion of
generally low NPP, where grassland and cropland systems store a low
fraction of often high NPP. Within forests, the relationship between
NPP and sequestration depends critically on allocation to long-lived
tissue (wood) and compounds resistant to microbial decay. Controls
over plant and soil respiration also influence the proportion of
photosynthate retained in the system. While there has been a great deal
of research on plant physiological controls over gas exchange,
physiological processes affecting the formation of potentially long
residence time organic matter are much more difficult to address
experimentally and are consequently less well understood. The purpose
of this session is to explore the relationships between productivity
and carbon storage across the range of spatial and temporal scales.
Contributions are encouraged from scientists addressing this issue at
the organism, stand, and global levels, and using experimental, flux
measurement, and modeling approaches. Workers using lab, FACE, flux
observations, and modeling approaches are all encouraged to contribute.
Conveners: David Schimel, NCAR, 1850 Table Mesa Drive
, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 3034971610, Fax: 3034971695, email:
schimel@ucar.edu, and Chistopher Still, University of California,
Santa Barbara, , Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA, Tel: 8058933663, Fax:
8058933146, email: still@icess.ucsb.edu
B04 An Ecohydrological Perspective on Woody Plant Encroachment in Semiarid Regions
Woody plant encroachment into semiarid and arid systems landscapes is a
global phenomenon with important hydrological and biogeochemical
consequences. Shrub/tree encroachment is often associated with
ecosystem degradation: declines in biodiversity and socioeconomic
value, as well as increased erosion. Numerous studies have examined
independently the consequences of woody plant encroachment on the
hydrological cycle and, recently, on the carbon cycle, but often the
links between these cycles have been missed. For this session we
encourage abstracts with results that examine the ecohydrological
implications of woody plant encroachment/increase in dryland ecosystems
(e.g., grasslands, savannahs, shrublands, riparian) at the plot to
watershed scale. Some relevant questions might be the following: What
are the changes in the water balance as a result of woody plant
encroachment (WPE), and how might these changes alter biogeochemical
cycling? How does WPE change evapotranspiration pathways? Does WPE
result in increased biomass, and how might this alter soil nutrient
cycling and trace gases? Do deeper-rooted trees/shrubs access
additional sources of moisture? We hope that these studies will
bridge disciplinary understanding by examining the linkages between
hydrology and ecology.
Conveners:
Russell L. Scott, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 2000 E. Allen
Road, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA, Tel: 520.670.6380, Fax: 520.670.5550,
email: rscott@tucson.ars.ag.gov, and Bradford P Wilcox, Dept.
Rangeland Ecology and Management, 225 Animal Industries Building 2126
TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2126 USA, Tel: 979-458-1899, Fax:
979-845-6430, email: bwilcox@tamu.edu, and David Breshears, Env
Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory MS J-495, Los Alamos, NM
87545 USA, Tel: 505/665-2803, Fax: 505/665-3866, email: daveb@lanl.gov
B05 Biogeochemistry and Detection of Reduced Sulfur Species in Oxic Environments
As methods for detection become more advanced, researchers have begun to
discover evidence of a number of reduced sulfur (RS) compounds in
oxygenated waters. Even when found at subnanomolar concentrations, the
importance of RS compounds to metal speciation, primarily for soft
(B-type) metals, cannot be underestimated. Despite the importance of
metal-RS complexation, there has been almost no data published
describing the characteristics of these complexes in natural aquatic
systems. In the absence of such data, traditional methods of
calculating trace metal speciation miss a potentially strong class of
metal-complexing species, and therefore may overestimate the importance
of other available ligands such as natural organic matter. This
session will focus on the biogeochemistry, metal complexation
characteristics, and detection of reduced sulfur species in oxygenated
freshwaters, estuaries, and marine systems.
Conveners:
Steven Mylon,
Yale University: Environment School, Environmental Science Center
PO Box 208105
, New Haven, CT 06520 USA, Tel: 203 432 9229, Fax: 203 432 5023, email: steven.mylon@yale.edu, and
Gaboury Benoit,
Yale University: Environment School, Environmental Science Center
PO Box 208105
, New Haven, CT 06520 USA, Tel: 203 432 5139, Fax: 203 432 5023, email: gaboury.benoit@yale.edu, and
Benjamin Twining,
Yale University: Environment School, Environmental Science Center
PO Box 208105, New Haven, CT 06511 USA, Tel: 203-432-7407, Fax: 203-432-5023, email: btwining@ic.sunysb.edu
B06 The Utilization of Compound Specific Analysis in Biogeochemistry
This session will examine the use of compound specific analysis in
biogeochemistry. The focus will be on how chemical characteristics
(e.g., isotopic composition, chirality, and sequence information) of
specific biologically formed macromolecules (e.g., amino acids, lipids,
and nucleotides) are (1) being resolved in the laboratory and (2)
consequently exploited to provide a range of unique biogeochemical and
ecological insights.
Conveners: James Henry Scott, Carnegie Institution of
Washington, 5251 Broad Branch RD, NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA, Tel:
2024788908, Fax: 2024788901, email: j.scott@gl.ciw.edu
B07 The Effects of Forest Disturbance on Watershed Processes: Hydrology, Soils, Biota, and Water Chemistry
Forest disturbance can cause changes in soil nutrient cycling,
hydrological processes, forest type, and water chemistry. Some of
these changes can adversely affect watershed biota. Forest disturbance
can be caused by natural forces such as insect infestation, landslides,
fire, large storms, and volcanic activity or by human activity such as
logging, suburbanization, clearing for agriculture, and global change.
Different types of forest disturbance can sometimes result in a similar
watershed response. Natural forest disturbance has typically been
studied in relation to its effects on plant ecology, while hydrological
and biogeochemical watershed-scale investigations have frequently
focused on the effects of forest harvesting. This session seeks to
bring together researchers from around the world who are examining the
effects of forest disturbance. We would like to provide a forum to
compare the effects from different types of forest disturbance in many
environments in the hope that some common responses can be identified.
We encourage studies that examine the effect of natural (including
long-term global change) or anthropogenic forest disturbance on
watershed soil and water chemistry, hydrology, and/or the influence of
those effects on watershed biota. Studies that incorporate new methods
for examining forest disturbance are also encouraged.
Conveners:
Michael R. McHale,
U.S. Geological Survey, 425 Jordan Road, Troy, NY 12180 USA, Tel: 518-285-5675, Fax: 518-285-5601, email: mmchale@usgs.gov, and
Nobuhito Ohte,
Kyoto University, , Kyoto, 606-8502 JPN, Tel: 650-329-4649, Fax: 650-329-5590, email: nobuohte@usgs.gov
B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
The ability to produce biogenic minerals is an invention common to
nearly all kingdoms of life. Organisms can construct single crystals
or composite assemblages of mineral grains in sizes ranging from
nanometers to meters, often with finely controlled shapes that serve
specific functions and sometimes under conditions of metastability.
Despite our long-standing knowledge that biomineralization is a
fascinating phenomenon with implications for geochemical cycling and
evolutionary forces, we have only recently made rapid progress in
observing and understanding in detail the mechanisms that make such
impressive and exquisite mineralization possible. Because of advances
in nanotechnology, molecular biology, and geochemistry, scientists
across many disciplines are now discovering and quantifying the factors
that control nucleation, concentration of constituent ions, regulation
of growth, chemical composition, and shaping of complex morphologies.
We encourage abstracts that address processes and mechanisms of
biomineralization, including, for example, the roles of organic
molecules in generating crystalline materials, the properties and
origins of mixed organic-inorganic materials, physical and chemical
controls on mineral growth and composition, and signatures for
unambiguously recognizing minerals of biological origin.
Conveners:
Patricia Dove,
Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences
4044 Derring Hall
Virginia Tech
, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2444, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: dove@vt.edu, and
Laura Wasylenki,
Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences
4044 Derring Hall
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2403, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: lew@vt.edu, and
Steve Weiner,
Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science
P.O. Box 26
, Rehovot, 76100 ISR, Tel: 972-8-9342552, Fax: 972-8-9344136, email: steve.weiner@weizmann.ac.il
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
For much of Earth history, organisms and their environments have been
inextricably linked in profound and complex ways that have influenced
the evolutionary courses of both on many scales. For example,
organisms that fix CO^2 from the atmosphere or oceans play a key role
in global carbon cycling and climate fluctuations. At the same time,
organisms respond to environmental changes through population shifts
and biological evolution. The sophisticated intricacies of the
relationships between biota and environment have proven difficult to
decipher, but with new technologies and methodology from molecular
biology, paleontology, geochemistry, and materials science, among
others, we are on the brink of solving some of the most important and
fascinating problems in Earth science. This session will explore
interactions between organisms that produce minerals as part of their
life cycles and their environments. We seek abstracts concerning any
aspect of the intertwined roles of biomineralization and environment,
such as global carbon balance, geochemical signals from the fossil
record that constrain the nature of past environments, and specific
changes in biomineralization processes induced by physical or chemical
changes in the growth environment. Submissions that cross disciplinary
boundaries are welcome.
Conveners:
Laura Wasylenki,
Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences
4044 Derring Hall
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2403, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: lew@vt.edu, and
Patricia Dove,
Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences
4044 Derring Hall
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2444, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: dove@vt.edu, and
Philippe van Cappellen,
Utrecht University, Department of Geochemistry
Faculty of Earth Sciences
Utrecht University
P.O. Box 80021, Utrecht, 3508 TA NLD, Tel: 31-30-253-6220, Fax: 31-30-253-5302, email: pvc@geo.uu.nl
B10 Molecular Biogeochemical Processes of Terrestrial Environments
The proposed session will bring together experts working on
biogeochemistry of terrestrial environments to discuss the speciation,
distribution, and transport of nutrients and environmental
contaminants. We encourage abstracts on spectroscopic and microscopic
studies, as well as new modeling approaches that aim to elucidate
(physico)chemical processes that result from interactions between
microorganisms or microbial metabolites/exudates and mineral surfaces.
Topics of interest include the effects of biological catalysis on
dissolution, precipitation, sorption, or redox processes that are
critical to trace metal cycling, mineral weathering, and crystal
growth. Conveners also welcome contributions devoted to how surface
chemical phenomena at the nanoscale (reactions at colloidal
interfaces, agglomeration of colloidal material in natural waters,
etc.) influence chemical fate and transport in natural and contaminated
porous media, with implications for nutrient cycling, pump and treat,
in situ bioremediation, and natural attenuation.
Conveners:
Javiera Cervini-Silva,
University of California at Berkeley, Department of Earth and Planetary Science
151 Hilgard Hall #3110, Berkeley, CA 94605 USA, Tel: (510) 642-9690, Fax: (510) 643-5098, email: javiera@eps.berkeley.edu, and
Jon Chorover,
University of Arizona, Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science
Shantz 429, Building #38
, Tucson, AZ 85721-0038 USA, Tel: (520) 626-5635, Fax: (520) 621-1647, email: Chorover@cals.arizona.edu
B11 Environmental Assessment From the Width, Anatomy, and Chemical Composition of Tree Rings
Trees that form annual rings permit an exact year to be assigned to each
ring. The width and anatomy of rings are in part determined by
environmental factors, and thus trees often are "recorders" of events
and processes when historical records are incomplete or lacking.
Tree-growth responses sometimes can be used to determine the frequency
and magnitude of flooding, glaciation, mass wasting, saline intrusion,
earthquakes, and volcanism. Progress in the chemical analysis of stem
wood (dendrochemistry), including the determination of the
concentrations of nutrients, trace metals, stable isotopes, and organic
contaminants, offers the possibility of examining historical changes in
environmental quality and may provide a tool for monitoring ecosystem
health. Significant advances in dendrochemistry have been made over the
past few decades. However, uncertainties remain in terms of analytical
techniques, quality assurance, and interpretation of elemental/chemical
signatures revealed in tree rings. More recent strides in analytical
instrumentation have lowered detection limits and allowed for the
analysis of multiple elements, stable isotopes, and organic
contaminants in stem wood tissue at finer spatial resolution, and hence
finer temporal resolution. Dendrochemical analysis is being applied to
the fields hydrology, geochemical cycling, ecological risk assessments,
and other environmental studies. This session will present some of the
latest applications of dendrochronology and dendrochemistry to
environmental assessment.
Conveners:
Timothy E. Lewis,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, National Center for Environmental Assessment,
Mailcode B-243-01, RTP, NC 27711 USA, Tel: 919-541-0673, Fax: 919-541-1818, email: lewis.timothy@epa.gov, and
Tommy Yanosky,
USGS, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
, Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703-648-5206, email: tyanosky@usgs.gov
B12 From Mantle to Microbe: Ridge2000 Research and Progress
The Ridge2000 (R2K) program targets an understanding of the linkages
between the processes of planetary renewal and the origin and evolution
of life in the absence of sunlight at the world's deep-sea spreading
centers. Ridge2000 activities can be broadly divided into two
overlapping groups: multidisciplinary integrated studies focused within
a few select "type" areas, and time critical studies focused in the NE
Pacific that are designed to enhance detection of volcanic and tectonic
events at spreading centers and facilitate rapid-response missions to
observe these transient events as they occur. The sites chosen for
multidisciplinary integrated studies include the Endeavour segment of
the Juan de Fuca Ridge, the East Pacific Rise 8°-11°N, and the Lau
Basin. Although research funded by the R2K program has just begun,
there is a significant body of ongoing work within these study sites
that bears directly on the broader research objectives of the R2K
program. This session will highlight recent research at the Endeavour,
EPR, and Lau Basin integrated study sites as well as work related to
the time critical studies component and other objectives of the R2K
program. We encourage abstracts from the broad range of geophysical,
geochemical, hydrological, and biological studies currently ongoing at
these sites. Research which explores and illuminates linkages between
different components of the integrated biological-geological system is
of particular interest.
Conveners:
Charles Fisher, Pennsylvania State University, Dept. of Biology 208
Mueller Laboratory Penn State , State College, PA 16802 USA, Tel: 814
865-3365, Fax: 814 865-9131, email: cfisher@psu.edu, and Deborah K
Smith, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS 22, Woods Hole, MA
02540 USA, Tel: 508 289-2472, Fax: 508 457-2187, email: dsmith@whoi.edu
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
From the depths of Earth's oceans to the surface of Mars, a wide variety
of analytical techniques are being used to probe mineral-microbe
interactions on microscales and macroscales. Microorganisms play an
important role in a wide range of geological processes. They may
directly affect geological formations and processes through
enzyme-based or respiration-based processes. Microbiota may also
indirectly affect geological processes by altering the chemical
conditions of the environment or by serving as heterogeneous nucleation
sites for mineral precipitation. For some geological systems, the roles
played by microorganisms remain equivocal; therefore it is important to
understand the various techniques available to study the complex
interactions of microbes with minerals as they occur on various
geological scales. The goal of this session is to provide a forum to
discuss not only widely used, but also newly developing methodologies
for gaining insight into the complex interactions of microbes with
minerals. We wish to highlight techniques ranging from the use of
synchrotron sources at the microscopic scale to remote spectral imaging
at the field scale. Additionally, we encourage submissions that
include discussions of the promises and pitfalls of the various methods
for investigating microbe-mineral interactions. The presentations will
give microbiologists and geologists an opportunity to become familiar
with the diverse array of instrumentation and methodologies that are
available to answer complex biogeoscience questions.
Conveners:
Daphne Stoner, Biotechnology Department, Idaho National Engineering
and Environmental Laboratory, 2525 N. Fremont Ave., P. O. Box 1625, MS
2203, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2203 USA, Tel: (208) 526-8786, Fax: (208)
526-0828, email: dstoner@inel.gov, and Jill R Scott, Chemistry
Department, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory,
2525 N. Fremont Ave., P. O. Box 1625, MS 2208 , Idaho Falls, ID
83415-2208 USA, Tel: (208) 526-0429, Fax: (208) 526-8541, email:
scotjr@inel.gov
B14 Estimating Terrestrial Carbon, Water, and Energy Fluxes From Site to Region
The focus of this session will be on innovative approaches to
quantifying mass and energy plant-atmosphere exchange from site to
region in the context of understanding the global carbon cycle. A broad
question to be addressed within this theme is, How have measurements
improved our models, and what have our models taught us about the
processes we measure? We encourage submissions utilizing inventive
modelling and measurement approaches. For example, these may include
data assimilation, multiple constraints, inverse analyses, neural
networks, cross-scale and interdisciplinary investigations, and
application of high-resolution multilayer canopy models. Especially
encouraged are reports of studies coupling various biogeochemical
components (e.g., water, carbon, nitrogen, isotopes), biological,
pedological, and atmospheric processes and feedbacks, combining or
comparing different kinds of measurements including eddy covariance
fluxes, plant physiological parameters, biometry, soil properties and
composition, atmospheric concentrations at various scales, and
satellite or airborne remote sensing data and derived products.
Conveners:
Julie Styles,
Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science
321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 541-737-9293, Fax: 541-737-1393, email: julie.styles@oregonstate.edu, and
Matthias Falk,
University of California, Berkeley, ESPM
105 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-642-9048, Fax: 510-643-5098, email: mfalk@nature.berkeley.edu, and
Bev Law,
Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science
328 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 541-737-6111, Fax: 541-737-1393, email: bev.law@oregonstate.edu, and
Dennis Baldocchi,
University of California, Berkeley, Ecosystem Science Division, ESPM
151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-642-2874, Fax: 510-643-5098, email: baldocchi@nature.berkeley.edu
B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic Composition of the Atmosphere
This session will explore the physiological, ecological, and microbial
processes that influence the isotopic composition of CO^2, water vapor,
and other atmospheric trace gases. Relevant topics include, but are not
limited to, the isotopic composition of aboveground and belowground
organic matter, fractionation effects in the synthesis of organic
compounds and respiration, and measured or modeled estimates of
photosynthetic and ecosystem discrimination at the ecosystem, regional,
or global scale. Abstracts on the application of isotopic methods to
investigations of ecosystem physiology, such as partitioning ecosystem
fluxes into their component parts, are also encouraged.
Conveners:
Diane Pataki,
Dept. of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East
, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA, Tel: 801-581-3545, Fax: 801-581-4665, email: pataki@biology.utah.edu, and
James Ehleringer,
University of Utah, , , USA, email: ehleringer@biology.utah.edu
B16 Astrobiology as a Unifying Theme for Solar System Exploration
Astrobiology is the multidisciplinary study of life in the universe.
Many of the current efforts in astrobiology are directed toward
understanding the origin and history of life on Earth while beginning
the exploration of possibly habitable environments in our solar system.
This session is designed to highlight the potential of life on the
planets and to explore some of the opportunities for astrobiology in
solar system exploration. In proposing this session, we take advantage
of several of the "focus groups" that have been formed under the
auspices of the NASA Astrobiology Institute to bring together experts
from many fields to address specific scientific problems or mission
opportunities in astrobiology. The session is intended to examine the
habitability of the planets in our solar system, to summarize our
expectations about life (past or present) on other planets in this
early stage of study, and to develop strategies and instruments to be
used in flight missions that will advance our understanding of life
beyond the Earth.
Conveners:
David Morrison,
NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames 240-1
, Mt View, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650 604 5094, Fax: 650 604 4251, email: david.morrison@nasa.gov, and
Bruce Runnegar,
University of California, Los Angeles, 3845 Slichter Hall
UCLA
, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 USA, Tel: 310-206-1738, Fax: 310-206-3051, email: runnegar@ucla.edu
B17 Carbon Cycling in Northern Soils and Surface Waters
Vast quantities of organic carbon are preserved in northern latitude
soils due to cold climate. Documented increases in temperature and
growing season in northern latitudes create the potential for the
release of this stored carbon to the atmosphere and hydrosphere and for
change in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon across northern
landscapes. This session will focus on the cycling of carbon in
northern latitude soils, wetlands, and surface waters, and on the
terrestrial-aquatic linkages that control the flux of carbon across the
landscape. Our goal is to provide a forum that will bring together both
applied and basic research on terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycling
and to foster communication among these groups in the interest of
improving understanding of the complex nature of the carbon cycle in
northern latitudes under a changing climate.
Conveners:
Jon J Carrasco,
USGS, MS 980
Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303.236.7808, Fax: 303.236.5349, email: jcarrasco@usgs.gov, and
Robert G Striegl,
USGS, Box 25046 MS 413
Denver Federal Center
, Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303 236-4993, Fax: 303 236-5034, email: rstriegl@usgs.gov, and
Kimberly P Wickland,
USGS, 3215 Marine St., Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-541-3072, Fax: 303-447-2505, email: kpwick@usgs.gov
B18 Ecosystem Interactions With Land-Use Change
Human conversion and modification of ecosystems to produce food and
fiber, extract natural resources, and expand urban areas is one of the
key modes of global change. Land use change, while essential for
satisfying human needs, involves trade-offs with other ecosystem
services and functions such as watershed protection, biogeochemical
cycling, soil degradation, and habitats for other species. This session
will consider studies addressing various aspects of ecosystem responses
to land use change and the feedbacks to sustainable land use.
Presentations can address the responses and feedbacks of ecosystems at
a range of scales, from local to regional to global. The session will
also provide opportunities for researchers working on different aspects
of land use/land cover to share information on methodological
approaches, observational strategies, and feedbacks among ecosystem
processes.
Conveners:
Gregory P. Asner, Carnegie Institution, Stanford University 260 Panama
St., Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Tel: 650-325-1521, Fax: 650-325-6857,
email: gpa@stanford.edu, and Ruth DeFries, University of Maryland,
Department of Geography and Earth System Science, College Park, MD
20742 USA, Tel: 301-314-9299, email: rd63@umail.umd.edu
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of Ecosystem Change
Climate change, deterioration of air and water quality, and recent
changes in land use have threatened the health and function of many
ecosystems. These trends are likely to continue into the future.
Isotopes have proven to be a powerful tool for detecting changes in
ecosystem function over a variety of timescales. For example, isotopic
fluxes from ecosystems have been shown to vary in response to
short-term climate fluctuations within days, while isotopic records in
tree rings, ice cores, and lake sediments can indicate changes in
ecosystem function over decades to millennia. Isotopic shifts in
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, strontium, and iron each
provide unique indicators of biogeochemical processes at scales
spanning from microbial to regional, and are particularly powerful when
used in combination. For example, the ecosystem functions associated
with carbon accumulation and storage have received much attention
recently because of the Kyoto Protocol and the global need to reduce
CO^2 accumulation in the atmosphere. Isotopes are providing new and
interesting insights into the complexity of processes controlling
carbon storage within ecosystems, and how land use and land use change
can alter these processes. Further, isotopic tools can help elucidate
recent and historic ecosystem changes, and potentially can help
separate natural variance from anthropogenic effects. This session
will focus on isotopic indicators of ecosystem processes with
particular emphasis on ecosystem change and stability. We especially
encourage submissions that highlight the use of multiple isotopes or
multiple timescales to understand ecosystem changes or ecosystem
processes.
Conveners:
J. Renee Brooks, U.S. EPA/NHEERL Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th
St., Corvallis, OR 97333 USA, Tel: (541) 754-4684, Fax: (541) 754-4799,
email: Brooks.ReneeJ@epa.gov, and Elizabeth Sulzman, Oregon State
University, 3017 ALS Building Department of Crop and Soil Science
Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: (541)
737-8936, email: elizabeth.sulzman@oregonstate.edu
B20 Modeling Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles in
Natural and Contaminated Systems: Linking Hydrogeological,
Microbiological, and Geochemical Processes
This session will
feature both conceptual and numerical models that describe factors
controlling biogeochemical cycling over time and space. In aqueous
environments, chemical fate and transport are controlled by microbial
growth and decay, organic and inorganic geochemical reactions, and
hydrologic processes including fluid flow and sorption/desorption
reactions. These processes can be described in terms of thermodynamic
and kinetic arguments. Recent advances in computational power and the
availability of codes capable of simulating mixed kinetic-thermodynamic
reaction systems provide an unprecedented opportunity for development
of quantitative descriptions of coupled hydrobiogeochemical systems.
This session will provide a venue for presentation of
kinetic/thermodynamic models of in situ and laboratory "batch" studies
and new applications of conceptual biogeochemical models to understand
a variety of environmental processes. Topics will include (but are not
limited to) organic contaminant and trace element cycling; chemical
diagenesis and contaminant transformations in aquatic sediments;
mineral precipitation-dissolution reactions; and redox reactions in
surface/subsurface aqueous environments.
Conveners:
Jennifer Therese McGuire,
Texas A&M University, Department of Geology & Geophysics
3115 TAMU
, College Station, TX 77843-3115 USA, Tel: 979-845-4520, Fax: 979-845-6162, email: mcguire@geo.tamu.edu, and
Eric Roden,
The University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0206 USA, email: eroden@bsc.as.ua.edu
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
The growing interest in recent years in biogeochemical cycles, including
those of the four life-essential elements (carbon, nitrogen,
phosphorous, and sulfur), has generated a number of research programs,
funding initiatives, and curricular foci, nationally and
internationally. While there has been a great deal of activity and
development of the ecological and general biological aspects of these
biogeochemical cycles, the geologic aspects have been explored to a
lesser extent. This session is designed to help close that gap by
focusing on geologic aspects specifically. These include, but are not
limited, to geologic processes involved in biogeochemical cycles, their
geological environment, and geologic proxies and modeling with which to
document past biogeochemical conditions and processes. Abstracts are
solicited from the broadest geologic community so that the session will
span the range of disciplines relevant to the geologic aspects of
biogeochemical cycles, and will bring together those engaged in
observational and theoretical studies.
Conveners:
Enriqueta Barrera,
National Science Foundation, , , USA, email: ebarrera@nsf.gov, and
Dork Sahagian,
University of New Hampshire, , , USA, email: dork.sahagian@unh.edu
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North America
This session will focus on the role of human activity in the carbon
cycle over North America. Study of the carbon cycle has emphasized the
exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, ocean, and land reservoirs
by natural processes. Yet it is human activity that is altering the
carbon cycle to the point where shifts in local weather patterns and
even global climate change are becoming a concern. The carbon cycle of
the 21st century will be dominated by human influences, although
natural feedbacks remain a significant concern. Land use change,
energy consumption patterns, development, and population growth have
all played significant roles in altering the carbon cycle. As society
attempts to manage the carbon cycle in the future, it will become
increasingly important to understand these human drivers, both to
understand the future patterns of carbon in the Earth system and to
understand possible deliberate strategies to mitigate future
atmospheric carbon dioxide growth. This session will consider papers
on how human activity has altered the carbon cycle over time in the
North American region and how human drivers might be expected to change
in the future. Abstracts are encouraged that link research on human
activities such as land use change, development, or energy use patterns
to the spatial or temporal distribution of carbon in the Earth system,
as well as studies of deliberate management of the carbon system, such
as carbon sequestration, carbon trading, or the role of energy
decarbonization. Empirical, theoretical, case study, and modeling
research are all encouraged.
Conveners:
Lisa Dilling, ESIG/NCAR, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA,
Tel: 303-497-2885, Fax: 303-497-8125, email: ldilling@ucar.edu, and
Gregg Marland, Env. Sciences Div./Oak Ridge National Laboratory, , Oak
Ridge, TN 37831-6335 USA, Tel: 865-241-4850, Fax: 865-574-2232, email:
gum@ornl.gov
B23 Very High Resolution Land Cover Mapping Applications to Resource Management
With the advent of very high resolution satellite imagery (IKONOS,
QUICKBIRD) it is now possible to achieve mapping accuracies from space
that are comparable, in many cases, to aerial photographic
interpretation. This allows for a range of land cover and land use
mapping and monitoring applications over large areas in support of
decision making for resource management. For example, maps of tree
cover and built surfaces can be used to target restoration or
mitigation activities to protect stream water quality. A very wide
range of other applications are possible, building on work that has
traditionally been done with aerial photographs. The use of very high
resolution imagery brings with it, however, a number of issues that
must be properly addressed, such that assessments of land use change
and effectiveness of land use planning are based on accurate and
repeatable methodologies. These new data sets also require addressing a
series of technical issues related to radiometric measurements of
mixtures of scene elements, shadowing between components, and the like.
We encourage abstracts that examine the range of research and
applications of high-resolution imagery, with particular emphasis on
assessments of the capabilities as well as constraints and limitations
of the data sets and mapping technologies. Relevant abstracts might
address interpretation and quantification of imagery in urbanizing
areas, studies aimed at determining the effectiveness of land use
planning, and projects focused on management of land and water
resources.
Conveners:
Scott J Goetz, Woods Hole Research Center, P.O. Box 296, Woods Hole,
MA 02543-0296 USA, Tel: 508-548-9375, Fax: 508-540-9700, email:
sgoetz@whrc.org, and Tom Stone, Woods Hole Research Center, P.O.
Box 296, Woods Hole, MA 02543-0296 USA, Tel: 508-540-9900, Fax:
508-540-9700, email: tstone@whrc.org
B24 Validation and Application of Land Surface Products From the MODIS Sensor
With more than three years of data available from the MODIS sensor,
there has been progress in both the validation and application of the
various global land products including land cover, forest cover, land
surface temperature, snow and ice cover, spectral vegetation indices,
leaf area index, fPAR, gross primary production, net primary
production, and fire detection. Validation activities are continuing
at multiple scales from field measurement campaigns and measurements at
eddy covariance towers to regional and global comparisons with other
satellite sensors and models. The session will focus on not only those
products which may be considered validated, but also those which are
still being tested, in which case problems and potential solutions will
be discussed. We encourage also the submission of abstracts presenting
the application of these products for improved understanding of
biospheric processes. Applications which integrate multiple MODIS land
products or various remote sensing techniques are particularly welcome.
Conveners:
Faith Ann Heinsch,
University of Montana, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group
School of Forestry
32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812 USA, Tel: 406-243-6218, Fax: 406-243-4510, email: faithann@ntsg.umt.edu, and
Steven W Running,
University of Montana, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group
School of Forestry
32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59802 USA, Tel: 406-243-6311, Fax: 406-243-4510, email: swr@ntsg.umt.edu, and
Jeff Privette,
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, MODIS Land Team
Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-6630, Fax: 301-614-6695, email: jeff.privette@nasa.gov
B25 Aqueous Microbial Geochemistry
Links
between aqueous geochemical processes and microbial metabolic activity,
reaction mechanisms, and/or energetics are the focus of this session.
Field, laboratory, and theoretical investigations are welcomed.
Suggested topics include any aspect of the microbial geochemical
linkages involved in processes such as biomineralization, metals
cycling, mineral dissolution, contaminant sequestration or
mobilization, fossilization, diagenesis, organic compound
transformation, and weathering. Abstracts reflecting a combined
multidisciplinary approach, e.g., molecular geomicrobiology,
biomolecular geochemistry, microbial ecology, and surface
biogeochemistry, are particularly encouraged.
Conveners:
Everett Shock ,
Dept. of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, , , USA, email: eshock@asu.edu, and
Lesley A Warren,
School of Geography & Geology, McMaster University, GSB 309,
1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 CAN, Tel: 905 525 9140 x 27347, Fax: 905 546 0463, email: warrenl@mcmaster.ca
B26 Land Use Impacts on Trace Gas Exchanges: BATREX Contribution to New Global Change Science Agenda
In recent years significant changes in the way land areas are used have
occurred, affecting biogeochemical cycles, especially trace gas fluxes.
These changes, conversion of forests to other uses, conversion of
agricultural lands to urban development, conversion of range lands to
crop lands, and conversion from one type of agricultural system to
another, have a significant impact on human society through changes in
air quality, water quality, and food production. In addition, farming
practices are changing, which affect societal as well as a variety of
environmental concerns. One such concern is related to changes in
agricultural field management and the impact on atmospheric trace gas
concentrations. Water management in rice production can directly
impact both methane (CH^4) and nitrous oxide (N^2O) fluxes, and changes
from animal waste based fertilization practices to synthetic
fertilization can greatly influence N^2O, NH^3, and NO^x emissions. In
this proposal we combine the aspects of land management and land use
into one "land use" term for simplicity's sake, but keep in mind that
both types of change need to be addressed. This session will present
abstracts dealing with land use management changes on trace gas fluxes
and highlight research needed for defining a research agenda for
understanding global environmental change.
Conveners:
Arvin Mosier,
USDA-ARS, , Fort Collins, CO USA, email: amosier@lamar.colostate.edu, and
Dennis Ojima,
CSU-NREL, , Fort Collins, CO USA, email: dennis@nrel.colostate.edu
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
Aeolian processes (wind erosion, dust emission, particle transport, and
deposition) are basic elements of the Earth system with local,
regional, and global impacts. For example, dust emission affects
ecosystems by removing nutrients and changing soil surface texture as
well as through other mechanisms. Dust deposition can provide an
important long-term source of nutrients to ecosystems but also
introduce pathogens. The purpose of this session is to explore the
various roles of dust emission and deposition in biogeochemical cycling
in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Potential topics include (1)
the impact of desert dust inputs on ocean cycles of Fe and P, (2) the
consequences of dust-borne pathogens on human and ecosystem health, (3)
the impact of wind erosion and dust emission on nutrient cycling in
deserts, (4) the impact of dust deposition on soil formation processes,
(5) the impact of dust deposition on the maintenance of long-term
ecosystem productivity, (6) the importance of dust relative to other
atmospheric gain/loss pathways (i.e., fire), and (7) linking ecosystem
modeling with physical transport by wind.
Conveners:
Gregory S Okin,
University of Virginia, Dept. of Environmental Sciences
921 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123 USA, Tel: 434 924-3324, Fax: 434 924-3324, email: okin@virginia.edu, and
Natalie Mahowald,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, , Boulder, CO USA, Tel: 303-497-1719, email: mahowald@ucar.edu
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions, Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
Biogenic and anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr) are
transported and chemically transformed in the atmosphere and deposited
on terrestrial ecosystems, and alter the structure and function of
those systems. Estimating atmospheric N exchange, including emissions
and deposition, and evaluating ecosystem responses require a diverse
array of measurements and models that link the processes at multiple
scales. We seek abstracts on physical, chemical, biological, and
anthropogenic processes that drive local, regional, and global nitrogen
exchange, resultant impacts on terrestrial ecosystem structure,
function, carbon uptake, nitrogen export, and biodiversity, the
ultimate fate of deposited Nr, and policy implications and responses.
Conveners:
Stuart B. Weiss, Creekside Center for Earth Observations, 27 Bishop
Lane, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: (650) 854-9732, email:
stubweiss@netscape.net, and Elisabeth Holland, National Center for
Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305-3000
USA, Tel: 303-497-1433, Fax: 303-497-1477, email: eholland@ucar.edu
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
With the advent of FluxNet we now have continuous sampling of
biosphere-atmosphere flux at many discrete points, but with limited
spatial coverage. Remote sensing provides spatially extensive
information regarding ecosystem states, but may not be continuous in
time. The contrasting temporal and spatial domains of these two
complementary methods present formidable challenges when trying to gain
an integrated understanding of Earth system processes. This session
will examine emerging efforts to integrate remote sensing with flux
sampling to provide an improved understanding of ecosystem function. A
particular focus will be on SpecNet (Spectral Network), which is
designed to explore the challenges of integrating disparate temporal
and spatial data sets.
Conveners:
John A Gamon,
California State University, Los Angeles, Department of Biological Sciences
5151 State University Drive
, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA, Tel: 323-343-2066, Fax: 323-343-6451, email: jgamon@calstatela.edu, and
Abdullah Faiz Rahman,
Ball State University, Department of Geography
CL425, Ball State University
, Muncie, IN 47306 USA, Tel: 765-285-1172, Fax: 765-285-2351, email: faiz@bsu.edu
Biogeosciences also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
H22 Environmental Vadose Zone Hydrology (POSTER)
H28 Observations and Modeling of Land Surface Hydrological Processes
A02 Biogenic Reactive Trace Compounds and Their Role in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
A03 Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Critical Estuary Habitats: The Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE)
A10 Effects of Biomass Burning Plumes on the Troposphere and Stratosphere
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of Atmospheric Gases
H41 The Effects of Best Management Practices on Water Quality, Runoff Processes, and Sediment Transport
H06 Natural Attenuation at the Fringe: Reactive Zones in Biodegrading Groundwater Pollution Plumes (POSTER)
H24 Assessing the Impacts of Vegetation on the Water Balance
H26 Variable Saturation Zones: Landscape
Attributes and Sustainability of Watershed Biogeochemical Processes and
Ecological Functions
H30 Ecohydrological and Geochemical Processes at the Hillslope and Watershed Scales
H36 Water Quality of Hydrologic Systems (POSTER)
H39 Nitrogen Sources and Cycling in Aquatic Systems
H40 Environmental Impacts of Coal-Bed Methane Development
H32 Catchment Processes in the Tropics
OS04 Late Pleistocene and Holocene Paleoceanographic Variability Along the Pacific Margin of North America
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas Hydrate From Around the Globe
OS08 Geological and Biogeochemical Processes in a Wet Tropical Setting: New Guinea, Source to Sink
P02 Life in the Martian Regolith, Present and Past
PP08 Old World Social Responses to Holocene Abrupt Climate Change Events
PP09 Effects of Sediment Dynamics on Marine Paleorecords
T13 Drilling at the Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O)
V06 Volcanic Emissions to the Troposphere: Fluxes, Feedbacks, Impacts
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive, Translator, and Facilitator
C03 Planetary Permafrost
C05 Snow Cover and Biogeochemical Cycling
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
H37 Designing a Network of Hydrologic Observatories (INVITED ONLY)
H34 Use of Remotely Sensed Boundary Conditions in Land Surface Modeling
PP06 Paleoproductivity, Proxies, and Preservation: Records of Neogene Evolution of the Oceans
NG04 Fractals, Chaos, and SOC in Natural and Human-Induced Hazards
OS10 Recent Advances in Understanding Submarine Environments and the Future of Submergence Research and Facilities
G00 General Geodesy Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Geodesy may be submitted to this
session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the
approved, preorganized Geodesy sessions. General contributions will be
reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on
the content of the abstracts received. Geodesy is concerned with the
study and measurement of the external shape of the Earth and its
gravity field, including its temporal variations; crustal motion,
loading and deformation; Earth rotation; the tidal and rotational
motion and deformation of the Earth; the establishment and maintenance
of a stable terrestrial reference frame; the dynamics of the Earth
including its core and mantle; the construction of and internal
dynamics of the Earth; and the flux and exchange of mass and momentum
between and within the solid Earth, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere and
the atmosphere. Geodetic measurements are crucial to the study of
climate change, including the advance and retreat of ice sheets and
glaciers, sea level rise, and charting the motion of the Earth's crust
through time. Abstracts in these disciplines that do not necessarily
fit into the approved sessions are welcome.
Conveners:
Jeffrey T. Freymueller,
University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute
PO Box 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 USA, Tel: 907-474-7286, Fax: 907-474-7290, email: jeff@giseis.alaska.edu
G01 Advanced Tropospheric Sensing Methods and Accuracy of Tropospheric Information Determined by Space Geodetic Techniques
We are soliciting abstracts describing advances in tropospheric sensing
methods (i.e., the neutral part of the atmosphere) with space geodetic
techniques such as GPS, VLBI, WVR, and InSAR. The potential for tropospheric
sensing with these techniques has improved considerably over the last few
years as a result of technological advances and algorithmic developments.
Abstracts are also sought on the accuracy of tropospheric information based on
these techniques. We are now at an exciting threshold at which accurate
tropospheric estimates and retrievals from these techniques may
significantly improve our understanding of the physical and dynamic behavior
of weather and climate at various scales. The markedly different spatial and
temporal capabilities for sensing the troposphere of the different
space-geodetic methods also pose great challenges to tropospheric validation
studies. Theoretical studies that assess the requirements for the accuracy
of tropospheric information are also encouraged.
Conveners:
Pedro Elosegui,
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, , , USA, email: pelosegui@cfa.harvard.edu, and
Yoaz Bar-Sever,
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, , , USA, email: Yoaz.Bar-Sever@jpl.nasa.gov, and
Harald Schuh,
Vienna University of Technology, , , AUT, email: hschuh@luna.tuwien.ac.at
G02 Satellite Measurements of Temporal Gravity Variations
There have been important new developments in the use of satellite data
to measure temporal variations of the Earth's gravitational field.
Satellite laser ranging has been used to detect a large interannual
change in the Earth's oblateness. Modeling results and in situ
measurements are being employed to better understand these observed
variations. Importantly, GRACE observations of time variations will be
acquired during the Cal/Val phase in 2003. The CHAMP satellite,
launched in 2000, has now reached the level of developing a multiyear
series of time variations in the low-degree gravity coefficients. In
addition, new satellite missions are being developed to measure
temporal gravity variations to even greater accuracy. This session
seeks contributions on all aspects of satellite measurements of
temporal gravity variations: data analysis, geophysical interpretation,
modeling results, and contributions on new and future missions.
Conveners:
Michael M. Watkins,
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive
M/S: 301-125L
, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 USA, Tel: 818 354-7514, Fax: 818 393-6388, email: michael.m.watkins@jpl.nasa.gov, and
R. Steven Nerem,
University of Colorado, Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research
UCB431, Boulder, CO 80309-0431 USA, Tel: 303-492-6721, Fax: 303-492-2825, email: nerem@colorado.edu
G03 High-Rate GPS: Infrastructure and Applications
The number of continuous GPS sites that are being upgraded to high data
rates (1 Hz or more) from the traditional 30 s rate is growing. Often
many of these data sets are being made available with very low latency
(~1 s). This session solicits contributions on the development of
high-rate GPS infrastructure, at all spatial scales, and applications
of these data to a variety of geophysical problems, for example,
seismology, ionospheric studies, weather near-casting, and volcanology.
Contributions related to both real-time and retrospective
(postprocessing) applications are encouraged.
Conveners:
Yehuda Bock, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive,
La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA, Tel: 8585345292, Fax: 8585349873, email:
ybock@ucsd.edu, and Mark Caissy, NRCAN, , , CAN, email:
caissy@nrcan.gc.ca, and Georg Weber, BKG, , , DEU, email:
georg.weber@bkg.bund.de
G04 Geodesy of Terrestrial Planets
Geodesy experiments are part of many planetary missions. This session
will address geodesy of terrestrial planets and large satellites of
Jupiter and Saturn. Topics of interest include the shape and gravity
field, rotation and orientation variations, and tidal phenomena of
these solar system bodies. Geodetic measurements are of crucial
importance for a better understanding of the interior structure and
dynamics of these "planets" and also provide information on their
atmospheres and ionospheres. The session will cover results of new
measurements as well as descriptions and simulations of upcoming
geodesy experiments.
Conveners:
David E. Smith, Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for
Terrestrial Physics Goddard Space Flight Center Code 920 , Greenbelt,
MD 20771 USA, email: David.E.Smith@nasa.gov, and T. Van Hoolst,
Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, Brussels, B-1180 BEL, Tel:
32-2-3730668, Fax: 32-2-3749822, email: tim.vanhoolst@oma.be
G05 Before PBO: What Do We Know?
The
Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) promises to revolutionize our
understanding of continental plate boundary deformation processes by
providing an unprecedented quantity of geodetic data, densely sampled
in both space and time. The PBO design is premised upon insights
derived from the culmination of decades of geodetic measurement and
research from a multitude of different projects conducted throughout
the western North American continent. What have we learned so far
about the kinematics and dynamics of continental plate boundary
deformation (tectonic processes, rheology of and forces acting upon the
lithosphere, transient deformations) from these past measurements?
What advances have we made in the science of high-precision tectonic
geodesy? What specifically do we hope to learn from new PBO
instrumentation? This session encourages contributions describing our
present state of understanding of continental deformation processes in
western North America, and the state of the art in crustal deformation
measurement and modeling techniques, particularly the primary methods
proposed for implementing PBO (e.g., continuous GPS, borehole or laser
strain, and survey-mode GPS), with an eye toward new first-order
scientific advances that we can expect to achieve with the PBO. The
hope is that by identifying and describing the present state of
knowledge more clearly, we may collectively make the most of PBO in
terms of observations and resulting science. For example, this review
could result directly in better informed decisions about the details of
PBO instrument deployment, so as to best address our many questions as
we go forward.
Conveners:
Richard A. Bennett, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60
Garden St, MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516 USA, Tel: 617-495-7453, Fax:
617-495-7345, email: rbennett@cfa.harvard.edu, and Kenneth W. Hudnut,
U.S. Geological Survey, 525 S. Wilson Ave., Pasadena, CA 91106 USA, Tel:
626-583-7232, Fax: 626-583-7827, email: hudnut@usgs.gov
G06 Core Dynamics: From Geomagnetism to Geodesy
The Earth's outer core is the largest fluid system in the Earth. It is
in vigorous convection in much of the history, driven by gravitational
energy in the secular cooling of the Earth. Apart from the essential
roles in generation of the core magnetic field (geodynamo), the core
convection affects and is affected by core-mantle interactions on
various time cales, from decades to millions of years. In particular,
the core-mantle interactions have important implications in geodetic,
geomagnetic, and geodynamo studies. An excellent example is the
variation of the Earth's rotation that can be measured by geodetic
observations. On the other hand, surface geomagnetic observations can
be used to derive core angular momentum variation. Comparison between
the two sets of observations not only identifies contributions of the
core to Earth's rotation variation, but also provides constraints on
core-mantle interactions. Recent results on time variable gravity at
the Earth's surface could also include information on core dynamics, as
the core convection results in large-scale mass redistribution in the
core and dynamic pressure loading on the CMB. The physics behind all
these processes can be best investigated via numerical geodynamo
modeling. Equally important, the observations can be used for better
numerical models. It is in the Earth’s core that geodesy,
geomagnetism, and geodynamo interlock with each other, and the
consequences reach far beyond the core and the core dynamics. In this
session we propose to discuss the large-scale dynamics of the Earth’s
core through its effects on surface geodynamic observables, e.g.,
Earth’s rotation, time-variable gravity, and geomagnetic field.
Conveners:
Weijia Kuang,
Goddard Space Flight Center, NAS/NRC Research Associate
Space Geodesy Branch, Code 926
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301)614-6108, Fax: (301)614-6099, email: kuang@bowie.gsfc.nasa.gov, and
Olivier de Viron,
Royal Observatory of Belgium, , Brussels, 1160 BEL, Tel: +32 2 373 03 12, Fax: +32 2 374 98 22, email: o.deviron@oma.be
G07 Geocenter: Reference Frame Definition and Influence of Geophysical Fluids
There exists a center of the mass of the Earth system (including fluid
envelopes) often referred to as the geocenter. The motion of this point
around the Sun and the motions of satellites around this point are
determined by the laws of celestial mechanics. There is also an origin
for all terrestrial reference frames. As the accuracy of geodetic
systems improves and the questions being asked in the context of these
references frames, such as the average rate of sea level rise, become
more subtle, there is need to address the relationship between physical
quantities such as the center of mass and the conceptual notions of the
origin of a reference frame. On a rigid Earth, motion of the fluids
will change the position of the center of mass relative to, in this
case, a well-defined terrestrial origin. Tectonic and loading motions
of surface geodetic sites will further complicate the realization of
the origin of the terrestrial frame, thus leading to apparent center of
mass position changes. As we advance into increasingly higher
precisions, this geocenter motion, if not accounted for, induces
ambiguities and inconsistencies in all geodetic and altimetric
measurements. This session solicits abstracts addressing all fronts of
the geocenter issues, including observations, solutions and modeling of
reference frames, and geophysical interpretation and modeling of the
causes in terms of mass redistributions in the global geophysical
fluids.
Conveners:
Benjamin F Chao, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 926,
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-6104, Fax: 301-614-6099, email:
benjamin.f.chao@nasa.gov, and Thomas A Herring, MIT, Room 54-618, MIT
77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Tel: (617) 253-5941,
Fax: (617) 253-1699, email: tah@mit.edu, and Ron Noomen, Delft
University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Kluyverweg
1, 2629 HS Delft , Delft, NLD, Tel: 31-15-2785377, Fax:
31-15-2783444, email: ron.noomen@deos.tudelft.nl
G08 Use of Observations and Models of the Atmosphere and Oceans in Geodesy and Geodynamics
With the aid of modern atmospheric and oceanic observations (both in
situ and remotely sensed), including their treatment in sophisticated
data assimilation schemes, and by the use of modeling, researchers have
gained new insights into the internal workings of the Earth's
atmosphere and oceans that previously were not possible. These data
sets and tools have also allowed those addressing problems in geodesy
and geodynamics to make great strides particularly in studying the
dynamical and mass-balance effects of these geophysical fluids on the
Earth's rotation, gravitational field, and surface loading. Such
phenomena may interact with the solid Earth on periods from under a day
to interannual and even climate timescales. The impact of these
geophysical fluids on Earth rotation, which assumes fluctuations with
timescales related to signatures of the atmosphere and ocean, has been
particularly evident. Contributions that examine these topics and the
use of atmospheric and oceanic data sets and models in addressing
geodetic and geodynamical problems are encouraged.
Conveners:
Richard Gross, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mail Stop 238-332 4800 Oak
Grove Drive , Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 USA, Tel: 818-354-4010, Fax:
818-393-6890, email: Richard.Gross@jpl.nasa.gov, and David A Salstein,
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., 131 Hartwell Avenue,
Lexington, MA 02421-3126 USA, Tel: 781-761-2288, Fax: 781-761-2299,
email: salstein@aer.com, and Thomas Johnson, U.S. Naval
Observatory, Earth Orientation Department 3450 Massachusetts Ave. NW,
Washington, DC 20392-5420 USA, Tel: 202-762-1518, Fax: 202-762-1563,
email: tj@CasA.usno.navy.mil
G09 Progress in Imaging and Understanding the Surface Deformation Field Above Reservoirs
Withdrawal of fluids from subsurface reservoirs is known to produce
compaction of the host formations, and often subsidence at the surface.
Typically, subsidence may be induced through groundwater extraction,
exploitation of oil and gas fields, or hot water/hot steam geothermal
energy production. Techniques to image the surface deformation field
include leveling, tilt, differential synthetic aperture radar, and,
indirectly, gravity surveys. Inversion of the surface deformation field
provides useful information about the specific hydromechanical
reservoir conditions at depth, but a complete understanding is often
missing. In view of the remarkable progress that has been achieved on
this topic in recent years, both with observational and theoretical
approaches, we solicit contributions that cover all innovative aspects
of imaging, modeling, and inverting the surface deformation fields
above reservoirs. We also encourage case studies focusing on the
transient nature of induced subsidence or demonstrating both the
potential and the limitations of using the surface deformation field to
assess relevant reservoir parameters.
Conveners:
Hans-Joachim Kuempel, Leibniz Institute for Applied Geosciences
(GGA), Stilleweg 2, Hannover, D-30655 DEU, Tel: +49 (0)511 643 3496,
Fax: +49 (0)511 643 3665, email: kuempel@gga-hannover.de, and Donald
W. Vasco, Berkeley Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division/Building 90
University of California 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel:
510-486-5206, Fax: 510-486-5686, email: dwvasco@lbl.gov
G10 Signal Versus Noise in GPS Height Time Series
Observed signals in GPS data are the sum of environmental noise,
electromagnetic signal distortion, and real crustal motions.
Interpretation of the data depends on our ability to extract a real
deformation from this total signal, i.e., what part of the signal is
really signal, and what part is really noise? This session will
highlight the difficulties associated with extracting geodynamic
signals such as postglacial rebound, vertical plate tectonics, or
loading from GPS height data. Contributions focusing on extracting the
geodetic signal from the noise, the limitations of data processing
models and software, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the
geodetic signal and noise, improved characterization of errors and
noise, and the effect of frame and coordinate realization methods on
geodetic time series and velocities are solicited.
Conveners: Tonie van Dam, European Center for
Geodynamics and Seismology, 19 Rue Josy Welter, Walferdange, L-7256
LUX, Tel: 35-2-33-14-87-31, Fax: 35-2-33-14-87-88, email:
tonie@ecgs.lu, and Geoff Blewitt, Nevada Bureau of Mines &
Geology and Seismological Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno Mail
Stop 178 , Reno, NV 89557-0088 USA, Tel: 775-784-6691 x171, Fax:
775-784-1709, email: gblewitt@unr.edu
G11 Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (ALSM): Technology, Applications and Results
Airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) is rapidly becoming the primary
method for obtaining high-resolution topographic models for a wide
variety of Earth science applications, including research in structural
geology, surface deformation in active tectonic regions, the
development of geomorphic transport laws for hillslopes, alluvial fans
and channels to predict landscape evolution, floodplain formation,
glacial dynamics, soil moisture distribution, and landslide hazard
modeling. The National Science Foundation (NSF) support for research of
geosurficial processes using ALSM is expected to increase dramatically
in the next few years, for both small-scale projects conducted by
individual researchers and large multiresearcher projects such as
GeoPBO and CUAHSI (Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of
Hydrological Sciences). It is important for those developing and
advancing the technology, the current user community, and those
considering the use of the technology to improve their research, to
exchange information on recent progress, and to share their views of
the immediate and longer-term challenges and opportunities. A recent
NSF sponsored workshop hosted by the University of Florida drew 50
scientists and students from across the nation, who presented more
than 30 talks and 10 poster papers.
Conveners:
Bill Carter,
University of Florida, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA, email: bcarter@ce.ufl.edu, and
Michael Bevis,
University of Hawaii, 2525 Correa Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, email: bevis@hawaii.edu, and
Bill Dietrich,
University of California, Berkeley, Department of Earth and Planetary
Science, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, email: bill@eps.berkeley.edu, and
Robert Schutz,
University of Texas, Center for Space Research
3925 West Braker Lane, Austin, TX USA, email: schutz@csr.texas.edu
G12 Insights Into the Earthquake Cycle
Most studies of the relationship between crustal deformation and active
faults have used very simple models of the earthquake cycle. Although
these models have been quite successful, they are understood to be
crude approximations of reality; more complex models have been proposed
but can be difficult to test because they require a long series of
measurements made over decades. Observations over the past few decades,
while of greater precision, relate to only a small part of one cycle
and are critical to the development of seismological models. Recent
developments in geological methods and the continuing maturity of
geodesy make it timely to consider the present state of knowledge of
the earthquake cycle from both data-oriented and model-oriented
perspectives. This session is not restricted to any one type of fault,
and we welcome abstracts that discuss thrust, strike-slip, and normal
faulting. We aim to bring together a broad range of scientific
communities (e.g., geology, geodesy, modeling, seismology, sea level)
in order to gain a better understanding of the spatial and temporal
components of crustal motions during different phases of the earthquake
cycle. From a model-oriented perspective, we are particularly
interested in abstracts that synthesize recent observations and present
the state of the art of our theoretical knowledge of the earthquake
cycle. From a data-oriented perspective, we are particularly interested
in abstracts that integrate the long-term geological or geodetic record
of past earthquakes or fault-related crustal motions with the recent
observational record of modern space geodesy. For example, at
subduction zones where substantial vertical motions occur, the
application of numerical techniques to geologic evidence enables the
reconstruction of quantitative estimates of relative land/sea-level
changes through multiple earthquake deformation cycles over the last
5000 years. These illustrate distinct interseismic, preseismic and
coseismic phases that can be incorporated into comparable seismological
models.
Conveners:
Ian Shennan, University of Durham, Department of Geography South
Road, Durham, DH1 3LE GBR, Tel: +44-191-334-1934, Fax:
+44-191-334-1801, email: ian.shennan@durham.ac.uk, and Sarah L.
Hamilton, University of Durham, Department of Geography South Road,
Durham, DH1 3LE GBR, Tel: +44-191-334-1934, Fax: +44-191-334-1801,
email: s.l.hamilton@durham.ac.uk, and Jeffrey T. Freymueller,
University of Alaska, Geophysical Institute, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA,
Tel: 1-907-474-7286, Fax: 1-907-474-5618, email:
jeff@giseis.alaska.edu, and Wayne Thatcher, U.S. Geological Survey,
Mailstop 977 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel:
1-650-329-4810, Fax: 1-650-329-5163, email: thatcher@usgs.gov
G13 Seasonal Signals in Space Geodetic Solutions
Seasonal signals are a universal characteristic of all types of space
geodetic solution, including station coordinate time series, polar
motion, length of day, Earth's geometric and gravitational shapes,
atmospheric delay, GPS signal multipathing, and satellite orbit
parameters. This session solicits contributions on seasonal signals in
any type of geodetic solution to seek relationships between different
types of solution that may be explained physically. For example, a
physical model might predict a relationship between seasonal variation
in gravity field coefficients and station coordinates. Abstracts that
compare seasonal signals in different types of solution are especially
welcome, as are those that develop models predicting relationships
between different solutions types. We also welcome the presentation of
observed seasonal signals that cannot be easily explained and
presentations that discuss the anelastic component of the Earth's
mechanical response at annual frequency.
Conveners:
Geoff Blewitt, University of Nevada, Reno, 1667 N. Virginia St.,
Mail Stop 178, Reno, NV 89557 USA, Tel: 775 354 6691 x171, Fax: 775 354
1709, email: gblewitt@unr.edu, and Danan Dong, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA USA, Tel: 818 393
1827, Fax: 818 393 6890, email: danan.dong@jpl.nasa.gov
G14 The Next Generation of Models and Observations of Earth Rotation
The understanding of Earth rotation made giant steps in recent years in
several directions: (1) in space geodetic techniques for observing the
Earth rotation variations, i.e., precession-nutation, polar motion and
length of day, (2) in the observation and modeling of the fluid layers, and
(3) in the theory and modeling of the Earth rotation parameters. New concepts
were introduced for the definition of these parameters, such as those
involving the Celestial Intermediate Pole (CIP). The session will
cover the future synergy between theory and observation, with special interest
in reassessment of approximations used. It will address new challenges
in terms of observations, theory, and concepts. It aims also at
fostering the necessary dialog between all the facets involved.
Conveners: Martine Feissel-Vernier, Institute
Geographique National, , , FRA, email: feissel@ensg.ign.fr, and
Veronique Dehant, Royal Observatory of Belgium, 3, avenue Circulaire ,
Bruxelles, B-1180 BEL, Tel: 32-2-3730266, Fax: 32-2-3749822, email:
v.dehant@oma.be
Geodesy also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
S16 Seismic Hazards in the Great Basin
T02 Seismotectonics of the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental, and Observational Constraints
P06 Science Rationale for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter Mission
P08 Applications of Planetary Radars
S03 Earthquake Hazards of Greater Tokyo: Eighty Years After Kanto
S05 Stress Transfer, Triggered Earthquakes, and Time-Dependent Seismic Hazard
S06 New Views of Seismic Hazard in Cascadia
S08 Subduction and Lithospheric Deformation in South America
S10 The Energy Budget of the “Earthquake Machine”
S18 The 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake: Observations and Implications
T01 Role of Large Strike-Slip Faults in Tectonics of the Tibetan Plateau
T07 Analysis of Plate Boundary Deformation Using Stress and Strain Rate Data in Tandem
T08 Taking the Measure of Deforming Landscapes
T11 At the Seismogenic Front: Dynamic Processes at Convergent Margins
T15 Late Cenozoic Tectonics, Climate, and Topography in the Central and Southern Andes
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C02 Advances in Glacier Geophysics
C08 Glaciers and Ice Sheets
Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism
GP00 General Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism
may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does
not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Geomagnetism and
Paleomagnetism sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the
Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of
the abstracts received. The Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism section
represents a variety of scientific fields, including applied
mathematics, physics, and geology, linked by a common interest in the
Earth's magnetic field and how its characteristics can be used to
understand Earth's structure, dynamics, and history. The GP section
welcomes abstracts focused on properties of the present geomagnetic
field and its behavior in the historical and geological past, studies
of magnetic anomalies to understand the structure of the oceanic and
continental crust, the study the physics and chemistry of magnetic
minerals, with particular emphasis on how they are formed and become
magnetized, and electromagnetic methods used to study variations in
composition, temperature, and other properties of Earth's crust and
mantle.
Conveners:
Ozden Ozdemir,
University of Toronto at Mississauga, Department of Physics, Erindale College
3359 Mississauga Rd. N., Mississauga, ONT L5L 1C6 CAN, Tel: 905-828-3829, Fax: 905-828-3717, email: ozdemir@physics.utoronto.ca
GP01 Magnetic Interpretation: Continental to Planetary Scales
The recently completed aeromagnetic compilation of North America, the
ongoing CHAMP (Earth) and MGS (Mars) satellite magnetometers at 400 km
altitude, and missions in preparation (Swarm, ARES, and HAMM) are
providing the magnetic interpreter with an abundance of high-quality
scalar and vector magnetic observations and the promise of even better
observations. Swarm, a satellite magnetic field constellation to fly in
2008, will allow for a separation of temporal and spatial variations of
the Earth's magnetic field. ARES has as its goal an aeromagnetic survey
over some of the largest Martian magnetic anomalies. HAMM is a
high-altitude magnetic survey of the United States which will help to define the
long-wavelength lithospheric field and improve the stitching together of
individual low-altitude surveys. Abstracts are solicited on either magnetic
interpretation or mission-related activities.
Conveners:
Michael E Purucker, Raytheon ITSS at Geodynamics Branch, Code 921,
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: +1 301 614 6473, Fax: +1 301 614 6522,
email: purucker@geomag.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Jeffrey D Phillips, US
Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center Box 25046 MS 964, Denver, CO
80225 USA, Tel: +1 303 236 1206, Fax: +1 303 236 1425, email:
jeff@usgs.gov
GP02 Magnetic Anisotropy and Its Applications
The anisotropy of magnetic properties of rocks has become a standard
tool in investigations of rock fabric and strain. Anisotropies of
susceptibility, magnetic hysteresis, and isothermal remanence among
others have become targets of increasing research interest.
Comparisons of magnetic anisotropies have been made to infer flow lines
and flow directions, foliation planes of diverse types, strain
patterns, fidelity of geomagnetic field records of sediments, sources
of materials, shapes and origins of rock bodies, and many other
geologically relevant aspects. This session encourages contributions
exploring all aspects of magnetic anisotropy and their applications to
geologic materials.
Conveners:
William D MacDonald,
State University of New York at Binghamton, Dept. Geological Sciences, Science I,
Vestal Parkway E., Binghamton, NY 13902-6000 USA, Tel: 607-777-2863, Fax: 607-777-2288, email: wdmacdon@binghamton.edu, and
Bernie Housen,
Western Washington University, Dept. Geology,
516 High St., Bellingham, WA 98225-9080 USA, Tel: 360-650-3582, Fax: 360-650-7302, email: bernieh@cc.wwu.edu
GP03 Fundamental and Applied Rock Magnetism
Fine-particle magnetism provides significant information on past
geomagnetic field behavior and on a wide variety of depositional,
deformational, geochemical, geothermal, and other geological processes
and events. Extracting this information requires understanding the
complex behavior of magnetic mineral assemblages in response to
changing magnetic, thermal, and chemical environments. For this
session we seek abstracts highlighting recent theoretical and
experimental advances in rock/mineral magnetism, including (but not
limited to) the following lines of research: (1) micromagnetic modeling
(e.g., improved computational methods, simulation of experiments with
varying field, temperature, interactions, etc.); (2) low-temperature
magnetometry and transition-related phenomena (e.g., inverse
thermoremanence, granulometric and compositional dependence of
transitional behavior, low-temperature demagnetization); (3) partial
thermoremanences and paleointensity methods (e.g., theoretical and
phenomenological models, anhysteretic remanence analog studies,
self-reversal); (4) micro- and nano-scale structures and phenomena and
macroscopic observables (e.g., antiphase domains, exsolution, oxidation
rims); and (5) instruments and analytical techniques (e.g., calibration
and database issues, unmixing methods, FORC analysis, etc.).
Conveners:
Subir K Banerjee, University of Minnesota, 310 Pillsbury Dr SE,
Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, Tel: 612-624-5722, Fax: 612-625-7502, email:
banerjee@umn.edu, and Mike Jackson, University of Minnesota, 291
Shepherd Labs 100 Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, Tel:
612-624-5274, Fax: 612-625-7502, email: irm@umn.edu
GP04 New Approaches in Rock Magnetism and Paleomagnetism: Merging Magnetic Methods With Analytical Techniques
In recent years, considerable progress has been made in rock magnetism,
paleomagnetism, and biomagnetism due to the development of more
comprehensive approaches combining traditional magnetic methods with
novel low-temperature rock magnetic techniques and analytical methods
from other scientific disciplines. This type of approach has been
particularly useful in cases where detailed mineralogical work was
necessary to validate, calibrate, or sometimes explain observed
magnetic properties. Such analytical techniques include, but are not
limited to, Mössbauer spectroscopy, microscale to nano-scale magnetic
imaging, analytical electron microscopy (e.g., SEM or TEM equipped with
EDX, EBSP, EELs, electron holography), and synchrotron radiation
techniques (e.g., EXAFS, XRF, diffraction). This session will be
devoted to interdisciplinary studies of this character with application
to rock magnetism and paleomagnetism, mineralogy, and iron
(bio)-geochemistry in the environment.
Conveners:
Yohan Guyodo,
University of Minnesota, Department of Geology and Geophysics
108, Pillsbury Hall
310, Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, Tel: (612) 624-5274, Fax: (612) 625-7502, email: guyodo@umn.edu, and
Suzanne A. McEnroe,
CSIRO Exploration and Mining, Advanced Magnetics Group
PO Box 136
, North Ryde NSW, 1670 AUS, Tel: 61-2-9490-8873, Fax: 61-2-9490-8874, email: Suzanne.McEnroe@csiro.au
GP05 Environmental Magnetism
Magnetic
techniques can provide detailed information concerning natural and
anthropogenic fine-grained iron-bearing particles in the environment.
Magnetic particles are often sensitive indicators of environmental
processes since their occurrence and concentration can respond to
orbitally forced paleoclimatic variations or to other
paleoenvironmental changes. In addition, magnetic particles can serve
as tracers of anthropogenic pollution or of environmental conditions in
archeological sites. We welcome contributions to a wide-ranging
environmental magnetism session, including recent advances from studies
of the various natural archives (soils, lacustrine, marine and
terrestrial sediments) representing all applications of the subject
including, but not limited to, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate,
pollution monitoring, and archeology.
Conveners:
Ted Evans, University of Alberta, , Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1 CAN, Tel:
(780) 492-5517, Fax: (780) 492-4256, email: evans@phys.ualberta.ca, and
Andrew Roberts, University of Southampton, Southampton Oceanography
Centre European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH GBR, Tel: 44+23 80593786,
Fax: 44+23 80593059, email: arob@soc.soton.ac.uk
GP06 Geomagnetic Variations: From Secular Variation to Superchrons
Geomagnetic variations with an internal origin occur at a wide range of
timescales, from those typical of outer and inner core processes
(~102-103 years) to those of mantle processes (~107-108 Myr). The short
term variations (secular variation, (reversal) excursions, or "tiny
wiggles," polarity reversals) are sometimes viewed as a continuum that
is inherent to core processes. But are they? The longer-term processes
(changes in reversal frequency, superchrons) must be related to mantle
processes, and thus to plate tectonics. We encourage contributions that
consider (records of) all timescales of geomagnetic field variations
and that play a role in our understanding of the workings of the
geodynamo.
Conveners:
Cor G. Langereis,
Paleomagnetic Laboratory Fort Hoofddijk, , Utrecht, NLD, Tel: +31.30.253.1668, email: langer@geo.uu.nl, and
Lisa Tauxe,
Scripps Oceanographic Institution, , San Diego, USA, email: ltauxe@ucsd.edu
GP07 High-resolution Description of the Earth's Magnetic Field Time Variations Using Paleomagnetism and Archeomagnetism
We encourage contributions dealing with paleomagnetism and
archeomagnetism (direction+intensity) to provide a high-resolution
full-vector description of time variations of the Earth's magnetic
field, both at regional and global scales. We especially welcome new
results that help to constrain the secular variation at century and
millennium scales. We further seek contributions that bridge the gap
between observations and geomagnetic modeling or that illustrate the
need to combine, or confront, different approaches for converging
toward a more reliable secular variation description. Contributions
addressing the dating problem in this respect are appreciated. Finally,
we call for abstracts presenting methodological advances that allow us
to increase the accuracy of the paleo archeomagnetic data, in
particular intensity.
Conveners:
Yves Gallet, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 4 place
Jussieu, Paris, 75005 FRA, Tel: 33 1 44 27 24 32, Fax: 33 1 44 27 74
63, email: gallet@ipgp.jussieu.fr, and Monika Korte,
GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Postdam, 14473 DEU, Tel:
49 331 288 1268, Fax: 49 331 288 1235, email: monika@gfz-potsdam.de
GP08 Extraterrestrial Paleomagnetism: Role of Impact Related Shock
With the discovery of the extraordinary Martian crustal magnetic anomalies,
interest in their origin has stimulated research in extraterrestrial
paleomagnetism. The most intense crustal fields on Mars exhibit coherence
over ~1000-km scales and stand in stark contrast to the much weaker and far
less coherent remanent fields on the Moon. Yet impact processes appear to
play an important role in both objects. A particular feature of the Martian
field is the apparent demagnetization brought about by the Hellas and Argyre
impacts, which has implications on the planet's thermal and magnetic
histories. Many craters and basins on the Moon show clear evidence for
impact demagnetization, with signatures that highlight the importance of
shock effects. In this session we will encourage discussions of the
magnetism of meteorites, the Moon, Mars, and of asteroids, with emphasis upon
the possible role of shock and on experimental investigations of shock on
the laboratory scale.
Conveners: Mike Fuller, University of Hawaii, 2525
Correa RD, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, Tel: 808 956 4938, Fax: 808 956
3188, email: mfuller@soest.hawaii.edu, and Bob Lin, U.C. Berkeley,
, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510 642 1149, Fax: 510 643 8302, email:
rlin@ssl.berkeley.edu, and Dave Mitchell, U.C. Berkeley, ,
Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510 643 1561, Fax: 510 643 8302, email:
mitchell@ssl.berkeley.edu
GP09 Tectonic and Geochronologic Applications of Sedimentary Paleomagnetism
This session highlights the use of sedimentary paleomagnetism for
studying tectonics as well as for stratigraphic correlation.
Contributions documenting the use of sedimentary paleomagnetism to
correlate and date geologic and tectonic events are welcome. The
session will focus on the versatility of sedimentary paleomagnetism for
studying a wide range of geologic events. Studies based on
methodologies beyond basic remanence measurements (e.g., magnetic
fabrics, rock magnetic properties) are also solicited.
Conveners:
Kenneth P Kodama, Lehigh University, Dept of Earth and Environmental
Sciences 31 Williams Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA, Tel: 610-758-3663,
Fax: 610-758-3677, email: kpk0@lehigh.edu, and Bradford M Clement,
Florida International University, SW 8th St & 107th Ave, Miami, FL
33199 USA, Tel: 305.348.3085, Fax: 305.358.3877, email: clementb@fiu.edu
GP10 Magnetic Petrology and its Applications to Tectonics, Remote Sensing, and the Martian Climate
Between the theoretical precepts and experiments of rock magnetism and
the field endeavors and remanence stability tests of paleomagnetism,
lies an area of investigation where petrological and mineralogical
analyses of paleomagnetic samples are combined with the principles of
rock magnetism to explain the origin, reliability, and geological
significance of remanent magnetism. Rob Hargraves was one of the
leading practitioners and advocates for this interdisciplinary field of
research, magnetic petrology. In appreciation of his influence and
enthusiasm this session will cover some of the recent developments in
this field including lamellar magnetism, Martian dust, and the
implications for tectonics and magnetic field anomalies.
Conveners:
Tullis C Onstott, Princeton University, Dept. of Geosciences,
Princeton, NJ 08544 USA, Tel: 609-258-7678, Fax: 609-258-1274, email:
tullis@princeton.edu, and Robert A. Duncan, Oregon State University,
College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences 104 Ocean Admin Bldg ,
Corvallis, OR 97331-5503 USA, Tel: 541-737-5206, Fax: 541-737-2064,
email: rduncan@coas.oregonstate.edu
GP11 Conductivity From Crust to Core
This session solicits submissions on all aspects of electrical
conductivity studies of Earth and planets. Electrical conductivity, one
of the few physical parameters that can be sensed remotely, provides
important constraints on porosity, melt content, temperature, and
mineralogy of the crust and mantle. We welcome submissions on field
projects, laboratory work, and numerical/theoretical studies. We
encourage work presenting new results pertaining to deep Earth
structure, but also environmental and hydrological applications of
electromagnetism.
Conveners:
Steven Constable, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, MC 0225, La
Jolla, CA USA, Tel: 858 5342409, Fax: 858 5348090, email:
sconstable@ucsd.edu, and John Booker, University of Washington, 63
Johnson Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, Tel: 206 5439492, Fax: 206
5430489, email: booker@ess.washington.edu
Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental, and Observational Constraints
G06 Core Dynamics: From Geomagnetism to Geodesy
T12 Ground and Space Methods for Monitoring EM Preearthquake Phenomena
V10 Crustal and Mantle Processes in Ophiolites and Ocean Crust Generation
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
T14 New Views of the Structure and Composition of the Deep Earth
T16 Heat Sources in the Core
V17 New Frontiers in High-Pressure Research
H00 General Hydrology Contributions
This
session solicits contributions related to the scientific, engineering,
management or policy aspects of hydrology. Hydrology is the study of
the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of water as a
solid, liquid, and vapor, as it cycles through surface waters, the
atmosphere, and the surface layers of the Earth; and its utilization in
social and economic endeavors, including impacts from this use.
Potential contributors should first consider submitting to one of the
specific hydrology sessions listed below, and only if the contribution
falls outside these sessions, then contribute to this general session.
These general contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee
and either assigned to a session or have sessions formed based on the
content of the abstracts received.
Conveners:
Eric Wood, Princeton University, Department of Civil Engineering,
Princeton, NJ 08544-1003 USA, Tel: 609-258-4675, Fax: 609-258-2799,
email: efwood@princeton.edu
H01 Quantifying Rates of Geomorphic Processes
Significant advancement in quantifying rates of surface processes is now
possible through the application of a variety of new tools. This
session will explore how methods such as cosmogenic nuclides, apatite
(U-Th)/He thermochronometry, U-series geochemistry, luminescence, and
chemical mass balances quantify relationships between climate,
tectonics, and surface processes. We welcome geochemical, field, and
modeling studies that tackle processes related to erosion and
sedimentation on short, intermediate, or long timescales. We hope to
attract studies examining active mountain belts as well as controlled
experiments. This interdisciplinary session welcomes studies that focus
on advancements made using individual techniques or studies that
integrate several techniques.
Conveners:
Arjun M. Heimsath, Dartmouth College, 6105 Fairchild Hall, Department
of Earth Sciences, Hanover, NH 03755 USA, Tel: 603-646-2374, Fax:
603-646-3922, email: Arjun.Heimsath@Dartmouth.edu, and Todd Ehlers,
University of Michigan, 2534 C.C. Little Bldg. 425 East University, Ann
Arbor, MI 48109-1063 USA, Tel: 734-763-5112, Fax: 734-763-4690, email:
tehlers@umich.edu
H02 Earth Surface: Processes and Landscapes (POSTER)
This is a general poster session on processes that affect the form and
function of the surface of Earth. These processes, in which physics,
chemistry, and biology have roles, occur over a wide range of temporal
and spatial scales, and include fluvial, aeolian, and coastal sediment
transport and the resulting erosion and sedimentation; hillslope mass
movements; glacial and periglacial activity; weathering and
pedogenesis; surface manifestations of volcanism and tectonism; and
human activities that modify the surface of Earth. We welcome
contributions on field or lab experiments, field monitoring,
theoretical or numerical modeling, application of surface dating
techniques, and development of new methods.
Conveners: Elizabeth B. Safran, Lewis & Clark
College, Environmental Studies, MSC 55 0615 SW Palatine Hill Road,
Portland, OR 97219 USA, Tel: (503) 768-7690, Fax: (503) 768-7369,
email: safran@lclark.edu, and Ellen Wohl, Colorado State
University, Department of Geosciences, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA, Tel:
(970) 492-5298, Fax: (970) 491-6307, email: ellenw@cnr.colostate.edu
H03 Extreme Event Geomorphology
Extreme
events occur in many landscapes, but are particularly common to
mountainous environments, and span the range from extreme precipitation
events associated with large storms to dam-break floods (landslide,
moraine, or ice dams), glacial outburst floods, volcano-ice
interactions, and massive landslides/debris avalanches. These extreme
events can accomplish considerable amounts of erosion, landscape
modification, and sediment transfer in a matter of hours, but are
relatively rare occurrences. The trade-off between the magnitude,
frequency, and duration of events is a classic problem in
geomorphology, and depends on the magnitude of any intrinsic thresholds
and the nonlinearity of erosion and transport processes. We encourage
field, laboratory, statistical, and theoretical studies of the role of
extreme events in geomorphology and the processes that cause them. We
encourage presentation of evidence both for and against a significant
role of extreme events.
Conveners:
Kelin X Whipple, MIT, Department of EAPS, Rm 54-1016 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Tel: 617 253 2578, Fax: 617-252-1800,
email: kxw@mit.edu, and David R Montgomery, University of Washington,
Department of Geological Sciences Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA,
Tel: 206-685-2560, Fax: 206-543-3836, email: dave@ess.washington.edu
H04 Watershed Processes and Linkages to Regional and Watershed Patterns in Stream Channel Morphology
Channel morphology, habitat structure, and disturbance regimes vary with
local and regional differences in topography, geology, and climate.
Human activities that alter runoff (magnitude, timing, and/or routing)
and the supply and transport of sediment and/or wood can alter small-
and large-scale spatial patterns in channel morphology. Recent advances
in remote sensing and GIS technologies enhance our ability to
characterize land surface conditions and model physical and ecological
processes at regional scales. This session will explore problems in (1)
predicting reach- or site-scale channel characteristics using map-based
and remotely sensed data and (2) assessing channel characteristics and
temporal trends at the regional scale using reach-scale field data.
Conveners:
John M Faustini, Oregon State University, c/o U.S. EPA 200 SW 35th
Street, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA, Tel: (541) 754-4581, Fax: (541)
754-4716, email: faustini.john@epa.gov, and Philip R Kaufmann, US
Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR ,
97333 USA, Tel: (541) 754-4451, Fax: (541) 754-4716, email:
Kaufmann.Phil@epa.gov, and Brian P Bledsoe, Colorado State
University, Department of Civil Engineering, Fort Collins, CO
80523-1372 USA, Tel: 970-491-8410, Fax: 970-491-8671, email:
bbledsoe@engr.colostate.edu
H05 Form, Process and Climate in Landscape Evolution
Coupled models of landform evolution in headwater watersheds, which
combine geomorphic, hydrologic, and geochemical processes, have become
increasingly sophisticated and realistic. This session is devoted to
surveying the state of the art in such modeling in recognition of the
pioneering research and lasting impact of Michael J. Kirkby upon his
retirement. The session will combine invited and contributed
contributions spanning the wide range of his research activities, which
include hillslope geomorphology and hydrology, soil chemistry and
profile development, erosion and sedimentation processes, landscape
evolution modeling, and geomorphic responses to climate and
environmental change.
Conveners:
William E Dietrich, UC Berkeley, Earth and Planetary Science,
Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-642-2633, Fax: 510-643=9980, email:
bill@eps.berkeley.edu, and David J Furbish, Florida State, Department
of Geological Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA, Tel: (850)644-7494,
Fax: (850)644-7493, email: furbish@fsu.edu, and Alan D Howard,
University of Virginia, Department of Environmental Sciences,
Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123 USA, Tel: (434) 924-0563, Fax: : (434)
982-2137, email: alanh@virginia.edu, and Keith Beven, University of
Lancaster, Environmental Science Department, Lancaster, LA1 4YB GBR,
Tel: +44-1524-593892, email: k.beven@lancaster.ac.uk
H06 Natural Attenuation at the Fringe: Reactive Zones in Biodegrading Groundwater Pollution Plumes (POSTER)
Many naturally attenuating pollution plumes have zones of much higher
biodegradative activity, where optimal concentrations of electron
acceptors and donors coincide with the necessary redox conditions,
mineralogy, and microbial populations. These zones are often
associated with the plume fringe where transverse mixing and
degradation create countergradients of concentrations, but can also
occur in the plume's interior. This sesssion will explore the issues
associated with locating, observing, modeling, and predicting these
zones, and hence developing preformance models for predicting NA. The
preference will be for field-based research to be presented, but
supporting laboratory studies and modeling activities will be welcome.
A feature of the session will be the European CORONA research project,
in which fringe and other reactive zones are being researched at six
field sites.
Conveners:
David N Lerner, University of Sheffield, Civil & Structural
Engineering Mappin St, Sheffield So Yorks, S1 3JD GBR, Tel: 44 113
222 5743, Fax: 44 113 222 5701, email: d.n.lerner@shef.ac.uk, and
Peter Grathwohl, University of Tuebingen, Center for Applied Geoscience
Sigwartstraße 10, Tuebingen, D-72076 DEU, Tel: 49 7071 29 7 54 29,
Fax: 49 7071 5059, email: grathwohl@uni-tuebingen.de, and Poul L
Bjerg, University of Denmark, Environment and Resources
Bygningstorvet, Building 115, Lyngby, Kongens, DK-2800 DNK, Tel: 45
45 4525 1615, Fax: 45 45932850, email: plb@imt.dtu.dk
H07 Recent Advances in Groundwater Hydrology (POSTER)
This session will highlight recent advances in the field of groundwater
hydrology. Poster presentations are encouraged on all aspects of
groundwater hydrology. Possible topics include advances in field
measurement and site characterization, new strategies for modeling flow
or transport in porous and fractured media, interpretation of
microscale and macroscale laboratory experiments, and field case
studies highlighting advances in theory or practice.
Conveners:
Claire Welty, Drexel University, Dept. of Civil, Architectural, and
Environmental Engineering, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA, Tel:
215-895-2281, Fax: 215-895-1363, email: weltyc@drexel.edu, and James J
Butler, The University of Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey, 1930
Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047-3726 USA, Tel: 785-864-2116, Fax:
785-864-5317, email: jbutler@kgs.ukans.edu
H08 Geohydrological Modeling in Support of Litigation
Groundwater models have been and continue to be used in support of
litigation. In general, they provide insight into historical events
that form the basis upon which damages can be assessed or remediation
costs allocated. Every trial is unique in the way that models have been
employed in the evaluation of a legal theory. By their nature, models
used for litigation are seldom published in the professional literature
and are therefore not exposed to peer review and evaluation.
Nevertheless, many, if not most, notorious groundwater cases have used
models by both the defense and the prosecution. The strategy behind
their utilization is of enormous scientific as well as societal
interest.
Conveners: George F Pinder, University of Vermont, 371
Votey Building, Burlington, VT 05405 USA, Tel: 802 656 8697, Fax:
802-656-8446, email: pinder@uvm.edu, and Jon F Sykes, University of
Waterloo, Department of Civil Engineering, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1 CAN,
Tel: 519-888-4567, Fax: 519-888-6197, email: sykesj@uwaterloo.ca
H09 Geocentrifuge Advances in Studying Subsurface Environmental Processes
The application of geocentrifuge techniques to the field of geotechnical
engineering is well established; however, recent work has also
demonstrated the application of geocentrifuge techniques for studying
subsurface environmental processes. During geocentrifuge testing,
physical models are loaded onto a geocentrifuge and subjected to
centrifugal accelerations that are many times that of the Earth’s
gravitational acceleration. This increased acceleration field is used
to enhance advective transport of fluids and chemicals through geologic
media. Recent studies have covered a wide variety of applications
including the unsaturated hydraulic characterization of soils and rock,
chemical transport through unsaturated media, multiphase liquid
transport, convective heat transport, subsurface colloid behavior, and
in situ air sparging. The advancement of miniaturized tools,
measurement devices, and optical visualization has allowed researchers
to better analyze these experiments. Mathematical descriptions of
these processes are used to scale observations from the centrifuge to
the real world. This session highlights recent advances in use of the
geocentrifuge as a tool to examine subsurface processes in saturated
and unsaturated media. It is open to physical studies that address
hydrological flow and chemical transport in the subsurface, as well as
mathematical descriptions of these physical processes in a centrifugal
field.
Conveners: Earl D Mattson, , Idaho National Engineering
and Environmental Laboratory, PO Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2107
USA, Tel: 208 526-4084, Fax: 208 526-0875, email: matted@inel.gov, and
Patricia J Culligan, MIT, Room 1-370 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge,
MA 02139 USA, Tel: 617 258-7093, Fax: 617 253-6044, email:
trishch@mit.edu
H10 Moving Beyond the Model Development Stage: Groundwater Model Validation, Postaudits, and Long-Term Monitoring (POSTER)
Numerical groundwater models are commonly used to make quantitative
predictions for many purposes including risk assessment, remediation
and/or monitoring design, and resource evaluation. To reduce
uncertainty associated with such predictions, model development
typically follows an iterative process of characterization,
calibration, prediction, and then updated characterization. However, no
matter how often this iterative process is repeated, there remains some
uncertainty associated with model predictions. While many methods have
been developed to estimate the degree of uncertainty in model
predictions, such uncertainty is often not assessed subsequent to the
model development stage. Moving beyond the model development process
to a stage where model predictions are evaluated using results from a
well-designed long-term monitoring program may provide new insights and
help highlight those aspects that are most crucial to the entire
modeling process. This session seeks abstracts that deal with this
postdevelopment stage of the modeling process. In particular, studies
focusing on model evaluation, model validation, long-term monitoring
strategies for evaluating and refining model predictions, and model
postaudits are encouraged for this session.
Conveners:
Timothy D Scheibe, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999
MS K9-36, Richland, WA 99352 USA, Tel: 509 372 6065, Fax: 509-372-6089,
email: tim.scheibe@pnl.gov, and Ahmed E Hassan, Desert Research
Institute, 755 E. Flamingo Road, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA, Tel:
702-895-0465, Fax: 702-895-0427, email: hassan@dri.edu, and Barbara S
Minsker, University of Illinois, 3230 Newmark Lab, MC-250 205 N.
Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA, Tel: 217-333-9017, Fax:
217-333-6968, email: minsker@uiuc.edu
H11 Optimization for Model Calibration and Management in Water Resources
This session will focus on the application of optimization methods in
surface and groundwater analysis. One important use of optimization
methods is for automatic calibration of models describing the movement
of water and its impact on the transport of nutrients or contaminants.
Such models have a large number of parameters, and calibrating the
models to observed data is very time consuming. Automatic calibration
uses an optimization method to do a computer search for the combination
of parameter values that best fits the data. It is possible for the
modeler to interact with the automatic calibration to guide the search
by specifying the output and other characteristics that are important
in finding the calibration parameter set that is most reasonable. In
management, optimization methods can be used to select the decisions
for designing and operating a water resource system. In the case of
groundwater remediation, for example, this includes location of wells
for extraction or injection of water and possible additives, and rates
of pumping. Operation of reservoirs under variable weather conditions
can be analyzed by optimization methods. For watershed, optimization
objectives can include determining the location and type of decision
(e.g., installation of erosion control measures) that would best
achieve goals of hydrologic or pollution control. Optimization
analysis can also be used to assist in quantifying the uncertainty
associated with either calibration of water resources model or
pollution control. Abstracts on this interaction between optimization
and uncertainty analysis would also be welcome.
Conveners:
Christine A Shoemaker, Cornell University, School of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA, Tel: 607 255 9233,
Fax: 607 255 9004, email: cas12@cornell.edu, and Soroosh Sorooshian,
University of Arizona, Harshbarger Bldg, Room 172, Tucson, AZ 85721
USA, Tel: 520 621 1661, Fax: 520 6 248826, email: corrie@hwr.arizona.edu
H12 Dealing With Hydrogeologic Uncertainty in Practice: Data Collection, Models, Predictions, and Regulatory Guidelines
This session provides a forum to discuss the present state and continued
challenges of coping with uncertainty in groundwater flow and transport
model predictions. Over the last 30 years, stochastic methods have
evolved one set of tools for quantifying uncertainty. Other methods
involve inferential statistics and random sampling through Monte Carlo
methods. We would like to explore the following questions: How has our
growing understanding of the role of system complexities, such as
heterogeneity, impacted the collection of data, the design of models
and their application, the assessment of model predictions, and the
development of regulatory guidelines? What are the most glaring
problems that arise when ignoring heterogeneity and uncertainty in
site-specific applications? What regulatory or professional guidelines
for site assessment have been developed or changed as a result of our
understanding of hydrogeologic heterogeneity and limitations of
commonly available data? What are the practical
advantages/disadvantages of various tools that take into account
hydrogeologic heterogeneity and uncertainty? We seek illumination of
difficulties as well as proposed solutions.
Conveners:
Thomas Harter,
University of California, Davis, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, 113 Veihmeyer Hall
, Davis, CA 95616-8628 USA, Tel: 530-752-2709, email: thharter@uckac.edu, and
Mary C Hill,
US Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-541-3014, email: mchill@usgs.gov
H13 Interactions Between Fluids and Fractures
Interactions between fluids and fractures are fundamental to Earth
processes ranging from the flows of groundwater, petroleum, or natural
gas to the formation of joints or faults or the emplacement of igneous
intrusions. Likewise, these interactions are critical to effectively
designing the propagation of hydraulic fractures, the control of
injected carbon dioxide, the containment of radioactive waste, or other
subsurface engineering projects. The purpose of this session is to
bring together investigators from hydrogeology, geomechanics,
structural geology, rock mechanics, and other relevant disciplines to
review in a single forum the varied perspectives on fluids and
fractures. We encourage abstracts on field, laboratory, and
theoretical aspects of how fluids affect fracture dilation and growth,
how fractures control fluid storage and migration, and how these
processes are coupled to one another or to other thermal, chemical, or
biological processes.
Conveners:
Lawrence C Murdoch, Clemson University, 340 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC
29634 USA, Tel: 864 656 2597, Fax: 864-656-1041, email:
lmurdoc@clemson.edu, and Leonid Germanovich, Georgia Tech, 790
Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA, Tel: 404 894 2284, Fax: 404 894
2281, email: leonid@ce.gatech.edu
H14 Recent Advances in GIS and Data Visualization in Regional-Scale Groundwater Modeling
Rapid development in computer hardware and software technology has
resulted in new and improved tools, which could drastically change the
way groundwater modeling is done today. One of these tools is the GIS
technology, which allows for swift organization, quantification, and
interpretation of large quantities of hydrogeological data and can
serve as an integrated environment in which field data are analyzed and
checked and the conceptual model formulated and updated. The GIS and
advanced data visualization tools are particularly valuable for
regional, large-scale groundwater modeling studies where an enormous
amount of geological, hydrogeological, and geochemical data may need to
be processed, organized, and displayed. This session is intended to
bring together researchers and practitioners interested in the
development and application of the state-of-the-art GIS and data
visualization technology in regional groundwater flow and transport
modeling. Presentations dealing with innovative case studies are
especially encouraged.
Conveners:
Chunmiao Zheng, University of Alabama, Department of Geological
Sciences 202 Bevill Building, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA, Tel: 205 348
0579, Fax: 205-348-0818, email: czheng@ua.edu, and Paul Hsieh, US
Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road Mail Stop 496, Menlo Park, CA
94025 USA, Tel: 650 329 4580, Fax: 650-329-4463, email: pahsieh@usgs.gov
H15 The Influence of Scale on Characterization of Fractured-Rock Aquifers
Rapid urbanization in many parts of the world is creating a greater
dependence upon groundwater as a source of industrial, public, and
private water supplies. Fractured-rock aquifers are increasingly being
relied upon for these new sources, but understanding the capacities of
and flow pathways within such aquifers can present daunting scientific
challenges. Studies of water availability in fractured-rock aquifers
are conducted over a range of scales, from individual wells and well
fields to entire watersheds and geologic provinces. Bedrock geologic
structures and fractures can have a considerable effect on the
groundwater flow regime; how much geologic data is necessary to
describe the salient features of a fractured-rock aquifer, however,
will vary with scale of the investigation and its geologic setting, and
is not well understood or agreed upon. This session will address the
influence of scale on hydrogeologic investigations by bringing together
hydrologists and geologists involved in fractured-rock studies at a
variety of scales, in order to better understand the relationship
between size of investigation and the amount and nature of geologic
information that is needed to adequately characterize a given
groundwater flow regime. Geophysical, geochemical, and groundwater
modeling investigations that indicate the degree to which geologic
structure and fracture data are needed to infer hydraulic properties
and define aquifer heterogeneity over various physical dimensions and
different geologic terrains are of interest, as is the relation between
local and regional stress distributions and aquifer hydraulic
properties.
Conveners:
William C Burton, US Geological Survey, 926A National Center, Reston,
VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703 648 6904, Fax: 703 648-6953, email:
bburton@usgs.gov, and Allen M Shapiro, US Geological Survey, 431
National Center, Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703 648 5884, Fax:
703-648-5274, email: ashapiro@usgs.gov
H16 Numerical Simulations of Flow and Transport in Heterogeneous Subsurface Systems (POSTER)
In recent years, numerical simulation has been adopted more frequently
to study fluid flow and solute transport in subsurface environments,
especially in heterogeneous soils and aquifers. The purpose of this
session is to highlight recent achievements of such numerical studies,
which may include newer applications in saturated and unsaturated or
multiphase systems or that include chemical reactions and other coupled
nonlinear phenomena. Abstracts that address analyses of particular
numerical techniques and grid design, the role of Monte Carlo studies
and geostatistical methods, the importance of experimental design, and
links to field-scale experiments or larger-scale models are also
welcome.
Conveners:
You-Kuan Zhang,
The University of Iowa, 121 TH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA, Tel: 319-335-1806, Fax: 319-335-1821, email: you-kuan-zhang@uiowa.edu
H17 Hydrogeophysics: Characterization and Monitoring of Subsurface Parameters and Processes
As safe and effective use of the subsurface environment becomes
increasingly important to our society, there is a growing need to
improve our understanding of flow and transport processes in the
shallow subsurface. A new discipline of hydrogeophysics has evolved to
meet this need. By combining measurements made with standard
hydrologic tools with geophysical methods that are designed
specifically for shallow applications, accurate subsurface
characterization and monitoring can be achieved with high temporal and
spatial resolution and over a range of spatial scales. Research in this
discipline is aimed at continuing development and improvement of
geophysical methods for shallow investigations, and improved
simultaneous use of geophysical and hydrogeological measurements. The
purpose of this session is to discuss recent research advances within
the emerging discipline of hydrogeophysics. We seek contributions that
focus on improved geophysical theory, instrument development, and
geophysical and joint hydrogeophysical inversion approaches (data
fusion). We also solicit hydrogeophysical case studies that illustrate
the potential benefits, or limitations, of hydrogeophysical
investigations. This session will be of interest both to
hydrogeophysicists and to hydrologists, whose investigations may
benefit from the inclusion of emerging geophysical methods. Specific
areas of application include water resources, contaminant transport,
ecohydrology, precision agriculture, and climate change. A companion
session entitled "Hydrogeophysics: Characterization and monitoring of
soil properties and processes in the laboratory" will complement this
session by discussing laboratory-scale hydrogeophysical measurement
methods, data analysis, and modeling.
Conveners: Susan S Hubbard, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel:
510-486-5266, Fax: 510-486-5686, email: sshubbard@lbl.gov, and Andrew
Binley, Lancaster University, Department of Environmental Science,
Lancaster, LA1 4YQ GBR, Tel: 44 (0)1524 593927, Fax: 44 (0)1524
593985, email: a.binley@lancaster.ac.uk, and Ty P A Ferre, University
of Arizona, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources 1133 E . North
Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011 USA, Tel: 520 621 2952, Fax:
520-621-1422, email: ty@hwr.arizona.edu
H18 Hydrogeophysics: Characterization and Monitoring of Soil Properties and Processes in the Laboratory
As safe and effective use of the subsurface environment becomes
increasingly important to our society, there is a growing need to
improve our understanding of flow and transport processes in the
shallow subsurface. Subsurface characterization and monitoring can be
made more accurate when they are coupled with knowledge about
geophysical properties of soil at controlled in situ conditions.
Important advances have been made in the laboratory to understand the
interactions between the geochemical, geological, geophysical, and
microbial properties of soils. The main thrust in this field has been
in the development of measurement methods relevant to soils in the top
few hundred meters of the subsurface and to consider the specific
biogeochemistry of the soil ecosystem. The purpose of this session is
to discuss recent research advances in experimental data and models of
soil properties with applications to hydrogeophysics. We seek
contributions that focus on laboratory measurement methods, laboratory
data, and/or modeling properties of soil. These contributions could
focus on (1) Development of laboratory measurement methods specially
adapted to the shallow environment, (2) laboratory data that can help
characterize and understand the relationships between geophysical
attributes and hydrogeological and biogeochemical parameters, and (3)
theoretical and empirical models for geophysical mapping, for example,
of biogeochemical variations in the soil or contaminant transport. The
session would benefit from participation of experimentalists and
theoreticians from various fields in soil and rock physics and would
provide a basis for fruitful discussions on different aspects of soil
contamination, characterization, monitoring, and remediation. A
companion session entitled "Hydrogeophysics: Characterization and
monitoring of subsurface parameters and processes" will complement this
session by focusing on subsurface characterization and monitoring using
geophysical methods for shallow investigations, and improved
simultaneous use of geophysical and hydrogeological measurements.
Conveners: Manika Prasad, Stanford University,
Geophysics Department 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Tel: 650
723 8547, Fax: 650-723-1188, email: manika.prasad@stanford.edu, and
David Lesmes, The George Washington University, Department of Earth and
Environmental Sciences 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA, Tel:
202 994 6190, Fax: 202 994-0450, email: lesmes@gwu.edu, and Lee
Slater, Rutgers University, Department of Earth and Environmental
Science 195 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102 USA, Tel: 973-353-5109,
Fax: 973-353-1965, email: lslater@andromeda.rutgers.edu, and Estella
Atekwana, University of Missouri-Rolla, Department Geology &
Geophysics, 1870 Miner Circle, 125 Mcnutt Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA,
Tel: 573 341 6104, email: atekwana@umr.edu
H19 Observations and Theoretical and Numerical Studies of Land Surface Heterogeneities on Land-Atmosphere Modeling (POSTER)
The improvement of understanding and parameterization of the land
surface has advanced the modeling capacity in hydrology, meteorology,
climatology, ecology, agronomy, and related environmental fields, in
both coupled and uncoupled settings. However, heterogeneities of
topography, land cover/use, and other land surface characteristics
complicate the ability to represent the important exchanges of energy
and water across the land surface in models. To highlight the
difficulty and importance of the issues related to incorporating land
surface heterogeneities in near-surface land-atmosphere modeling, we
propose this session to solicit abstracts of research dealing with
observations and theoretical and numerical studies of the effects of
spatial heterogeneities on land-atmosphere interactions. Specifically,
this session will focus on topics related to (1) analyzing and studying
the field measurements of land-surface fluxes, such as sensible heat
and latent heat; (2) theoretical and numerical studies of the
sensitivity of properties affected by spatial heterogeneities such as
aerodynamic resistance and roughness; and (3) exploring the effects of
the heterogeneities and scale properties of the land surface on the
parameterization in numerical models.
Conveners:
Ji Chen, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive,
Dept 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, Tel: 858 534 4157, Fax:
858-534-8561, email: jichen@ecpc3.ucsd.edu, and Edwin Maurer,
University of Washington, Seattle, Box 351640 425B ATG Building,
Seattle, WA 98195-1640 USA, Tel: 206 685 3793, Fax: 206-543-0308,
email: edm@atmos.washington.edu
H20 Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP)
The Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) is a coordinated
international activity of the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) to
develop in situ, satellite, and model data focused on
hydrometeorological processes in the atmosphere and land surface, and
to use these data sets to develop improved process understanding and
climate models. The observation and data collection phase extends from
1 July 2001 to 31 December 2004, with a special focus on 36
international in situ reference sites. Abstracts are solicited for
this session that give an overview of the scientific aspects of the
CEOP initiative and its links with climate programs and prediction
issues. In particular, we are interested in contributions describing
how CEOP data are helping to describe water and energy processes and
improving their representation in various atmosphere and land surface
hydrometeorological models. This session will be of interest to people
concerned with global and regional data sets for model development and
land process and monsoon studies.
Conveners:
John O Roads, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD 0224 8605 La
Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92039-0224 USA, Tel: 858 534 2099,
Fax: : 858-534-8561, email: jroads@ucsd.edu, and Rick Lawford,
NOAA, Office of Global Programs Suite 1210 1100 Wayne Ave, Silver
Spring, MD 20910 USA, Tel: 301-427-2089 X 146, Fax: 301-427-2073,
email: Richard.Lawford@noaa.gov
H21 Use of Artificial Intelligence Methods in Geosciences (POSTER)
The development and availability of new "soft" computing methods is
revolutionizing data analysis procedures. These new data analysis
tools, comprising neural networks and fuzzy logic, genetic programming
and algorithms, and most recently, support vector machines, all have
one thing in common that sets them apart from classical data analysis
methodologies: their lack of a requirement for a priori assumptions
about the underlying functional relationships among the data. Another
attractive aspect emerging from the theory behind several of these
techniques is the optimization of the bias-variance (over fitting
versus error minimization) or generalization capability of these
methods. The primary theoretical foundation of support vector
machines, i.e., statistical learning theory (Vapnik, 1995), has been
shown to apply to other soft computing methods as well. This is in
spite of the fact that many of these methods were developed
independently in different disciplines. These soft computing data
analysis methods are inherently interdisciplinary and increasingly
applied in the fields of engineering, business, and medical, and
genetic research, just to name a few. They are starting to emerge also
in the geosciences. There is thus a strong need to assess the utility
and potential applications within the geosciences and to overcome the
hurdle of unfamiliar (and potentially redundant) vocabulary that may
have created a reluctance among scientists to explore the usefulness of
such methods in their particular fields of research. This session is
concerned with the use of soft computing methods in the geosciences.
Contributions are solicited that focus particularly on the soft
computing aspects of data analyses and demonstrate how the new
technique compares to more classical approaches.
Conveners:
Mark Morissey,
Oklahoma University, School of Meteorology, Environmental Verification and Analysis Center
3200 Marshall Avenue Suite 110
, Norman, OK 73072 USA, Tel: 405 447 8412, Fax: 405-447-8455, email: mmorriss@ou.edu
H22 Environmental Vadose Zone Hydrology (POSTER)
The vadose zone serves many important environmental roles and is an
important link as well as a buffer between the land surface-atmosphere
and groundwater. Poster presentations are encouraged on a broad range
of topics in environmental vadose zone hydrology including field
investigations, laboratory studies, and modeling analyses. Topics may
include unsaturated and multiphase flow and transport processes,
plant-soil interaction, evaluation and modeling of heterogeneous
systems, assessment of prediction uncertainty, biogeochemical and
colloidal matter processes, measurement techniques, and monitoring of
vadose zone systems.
Conveners:
Michael H Young, Desert Research Institute, Division of Hydrologic
Sciences 755 East Flamingo Road, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA, Tel: 702 895
0489, Fax: 702-895-0427, email: michael@dri.edu, and Thomas Harter,
UC Davis, Department of Land, Air & Water Resources One Shields
Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8628 USA, Tel: 530 752 2709, Fax: (530)
752-1552, email: thharter@ucdavis.edu
H23 Model Calibration, Parameter Nonuniqueness,
and Predictive Uncertainty Associated With Flow and Transport in
Variably Saturated Media
Reliance on variably saturated
groundwater models by hydrologists to manage the quantity and quality
of water resources is increasing. Some applications of variably
saturated groundwater models include quantifying infiltration and
groundwater recharge in arid and semiarid regions, understanding
processes controlling agricultural chemical transport to shallow water
tables, and predicting transport of radionuclides from waste storage
sites. In these and other variably saturated flow and transport
studies, the model conceptualization often includes equivalent porous
media, dual porosity/permeable media (such as macropores, preferential,
or bypass flow), or fingering (due to heterogeneity, focused
depressions, or hysteresis). Whereas the interaction of various
subsurface potentials under these model conceptual scenarios can be
studied numerically, the success of these models to provide reliable
flux estimates depends on adequacy of the model calibration process. A
related issue to that of model calibration, and one that is not often
reported in the literature, is quantifying the uncertainty associated
with predictions made by a model once it is calibrated. Quantification
of predictive uncertainty is particularly important because most
calibrated model parameter sets are nonunique despite their optimality.
The purpose of this session is to review objective approaches for model
calibration, identify parameter nonuniqueness, and quantify predictive
uncertainty.
Conveners: James A Tindall, USGS, PO Box 25046 MS 413
Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046 USA, Tel: 303 236 5005,
Fax: 303.236.5034, email: jtindall@usgs.gov, and Michael J Friedel,
USGS, PO Box 25046 MS 415 Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046
USA, Tel: 303.236.4882 x288, Fax: 303.236.4912, email: mfriedel@usgs.gov
H24 Assessing the Impacts of Vegetation on the Water Balance
Vegetation plays a critical role in controlling the partitioning of
precipitation between evapotranspiration (ET), runoff, and
infiltration. This session will focus on demonstrations of the role of
vegetation on the water balance, based on field monitoring results,
experimental studies, and modeling analyses. Abstracts on various
approaches for monitoring vegetative impacts ranging from remote
sensing to ground-based techniques are encouraged. We also encourage
abstracts that describe different methods for modeling the impacts of
vegetation on the hydrologic cycle at various scales ranging from land
surface climate models, watershed models, and unsaturated zone models.
Finally, abstracts that quantify the role of vegetation in groundwater
recharge, waste containment (ET covers), regional water balance,
contaminant remediation, and system response to climate change are
particularly encouraged.
Conveners:
Bridget R Scanlon, University of Texas at Austin, Pickle Res. Campus,
Bldg. 130 10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA, Tel: 512 471 8241,
Fax: 512 471 0140, email: bridget.scanlon@beg.utexas.edu, and Michelle
A Walvoord, USGS, Denver Fed. Center Box 25046, MS 413, Lakewood, CO
80225 USA, Tel: 303 236 4998, Fax: (303) 236-5034, email:
walvoord@usgs.gov
H25 Hydrologic Flow Near the Earth's Surface
Over the last 30 years, Jean-Yves Parlange's contributions to hydrologic
science have been remarkable in both breadth and depth. From
infiltration theory to wetting front instability, and from groundwater
flow to surface runoff, his insights, mathematical models, and
predictions have provided the fundamental basis to major current areas
of hydrologic science. In addition, his generous spirit in sharing
research ideas and recognizing the contributions of coworkers is
renowned. We encourage abstracts in this session that demonstrate the
continuing influence of his work in both unsaturated flow processes
(preferential flow, infiltration theory, hysteresis) and free surface
flows (unconfined aquifers, runoff and overland flows, and soil
erosion).
Conveners:
David A DiCarlo, USDA-ARS, National Sedimentation Laboratory 598
McElroy Dr, Oxford, MI 38655 USA, Tel: 662-281-5705, Fax: 662-232-2915,
email: ddicarlo@ars.usda.gov, and D Andrew Barry, University of
Edinburgh, Institute for Infrastructure & Environment School of
Engineering & Electronics, Crew Building, King''s Buildings,
Edinburgh, EH9 3JL GBR, Tel: 44 (0)131 6507204, Fax: 44 (0)131
6507276, email: D.A.Barry@ed.ac.uk, and Tammo S Steenhuis, Cornell
University, Dept of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Ithaca,
NY 14853 USA, Tel: 607 255 2489, Fax: 607-255-4080, email:
tss1@cornell.edu
H26 Variable Saturation Zones: Landscape
Attributes and Sustainability of Watershed Biogeochemical Processes and
Ecological Functions
Variable saturation zones are areas of the
watershed subject to seasonal inundation by rising water levels. These
water saturated zones shrink in the dry season and gradually expand
through the wet season, creating a cycle of surface inundation that
drives watershed biogeochemical cycling and transport processes. The
temporal/spatial dynamic of these saturated zones is fundamental in
sustaining certain ecological functions (e.g., maintaining a healthy
hydroperiod for natural and constructed wetlands, sustaining fish and
wading bird habitat, and providing sediments and saturation excess
runoff). We encourage contributions in the hydrology of variable
saturation zones that answer key questions like, How do changes in
landscape attributes impact the hydroperiod of variable saturation
zones? What biogeochemical activities are stimulated in these zones?
What ecological functions can be impaired/enhanced by altering their
hydroperiod? We expect this interdisciplinary session to blend
presentations in soil and surface hydrology, geochemistry, biology, and
ecology.
Conveners: Mahmood H Nachabe, University of South
Florida, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 4202 E.
Fowler Ave, ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA, Tel: (813) 974-5837, Fax:
(813) 974-2957, email: nachabe@eng.usf.edu, and Michel C Boufadel,
Temple University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA, Tel: 215 204 7871, Fax: (215) 204-6936,
email: boufadel@temple.edu
H27 Surface Water Hydrology and Water Resources (POSTER)
The study of surface water hydrology focuses on partitioning of water
fluxes and reservoirs at the Earth's surface. Research in this field
is generally applied to a range of subjects including water resources
management, flood forecasting, geomorphology, ecological interactions,
water quality, and atmospheric interactions. Concerns at a range of
scales from individual hillslopes to local influences on global
teleconnections and from individual thunderstorm events to persistent
droughts make spatial and temporal scaling issues in surface water
hydrology a lively subject. Similarly, debates on fundamental modeling
issues such as calibration, predictability, and model structure seldom
want for lack of discussion. The ever-increasing range of methods to
measure the movement of water through various reservoirs, including
classical hydrometric and more recent tracer methods, provide fuel for
the discussions. Unfortunately, there are seldom enough sessions to
fully cover such a range of topics at any given meeting, and we
encourage submission of abstracts for posters on surface water subjects
not covered by other Fall Meeting sessions.
Conveners:
Jennifer M Jacobs, University of Florida, Civil and Coastal
Engineering 345 Weil Hall , Gainesville, FL 32611-6580 USA, Tel: 352
846 0606, Fax: (352) 392-3394, email: jjaco@ce.ufl.edu, and Charles H
Luce, USDA Forest Service, Boise Aquatic Sciences Lab 316 E. Myrtle
St, Boise, ID 83702 USA, Tel: 208 373 4382, Fax: 208-373-4391, email:
cluce@rmci.net
H28 Observations and Modeling of Land Surface Hydrological Processes
Numerous studies have resulted in observations from field experiments to
study the dynamics of land surface behavior; numerical modeling of the
evolution of land surface response to solar heating and precipitation;
the comparison of simulations to observed quantities from field
experiments; and the use of satellite remote sensing data to both drive
and validate hydrological models. It is widely believed that the
combination of field observations and satellite data with hydrological
models through data assimilation or other procedures will produce
improved estimates of hydrologic fluxes and energy budgets, soil
moisture, runoff, streamflow, surface temperature, and latent, sensible
ground heat, and net radiation fluxes. Abstracts on the above topics
are encouraged.
Conveners:
Venkat Lakshmi, University of South Carolina, 701 Sumter Street,
Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia, SC 29208 USA, Tel: 803 777
3552, Fax: 803-777-6684, email: venkat-lakshmi@sc.edu, and Anthony
Cahill, Texas A & M, 3136 TAMU Department of Civil Engineering,
College Station, TX 77843-3136 USA, Tel: 979-862-3858, Fax: :
979-862-1542, email: tcahill@civilmail.tamu.edu
H29 Hydrologic Predictions in Ungauged Basins: PUB
The important test in understanding of hydrological processes and our
capability to model them lies in the prediction of the hydrological
response of ungauged basins. Currently, hydrologic predictions in
ungauged basins are still highly uncertain. The International
Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) has recently launched a new
10-year initiative, called the IAHS Decade for Prediction in Ungauged
Basins (PUB), to address this problem. Several meetings and workshops
this year have been used to define the science agenda for PUB and the
elements such an agenda should contain. The questions being addressed
in this session are as follows: (1) What are the problems, and
associated uncertainties, in current prediction methods for ungauged
basins? (2) How can we estimate and compare the performance of these
uncertain methods? (3) How can the prediction in ungauged basins be
improved through the use of new data sources such as remote sensing,
experimental field research, or the transfer of information from gauged
surrogate basins to ungauged basins? (4) What role does basin scale
play in the prediction, and prediction uncertainty, of ungauged basins,
especially those related to precipitation and runoff? This session
solicits research that addresses all aspects of the ungauged prediction
problem. It is particularly hoped that contributions address the above
listed questions through the discussion of (1) theories and/or
frameworks that show potential strengths for reducing the uncertainties
across scales and for improving model transferability and scalability;
(2) insights from past model intercomparison projects and new
scientific frameworks for evaluating the performance of existing
hydrological models; (3) illustrations of new data sources and data
utilizations such as data assimilation; and (4) case studies in various
hydroclimatic zones. The implementation of the PUB Science Plan will
be also discussed with respect to these fundamentals questions.
Conveners:
Thorsten Wagener, University of Arizona, Department of Hydrology and
Water Resources Harshbarger Building, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA, Tel: (520)
626 8799, Fax: (520) 626 7770, email: thorsten@sahra.arizona.edu, and
John C Schaake, NOAA National Weather Service, Office of Hydrology
W23, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA, Fax: (301)713-0963, email:
john.schaake@noaa.gov, and Xu Liang, University of California,
Civil and Environmental Engineering 537 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA
94720-1710 USA, Tel: (510) 642-2648, Fax: (510) 642-7483, email:
liang@ce.berkeley.edu, and Venkat Lakshmi, University of South
Carolina, Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia, SC 29208 USA,
Tel: (803)-777-3552, Fax: (803)-777-6610, email: vlakshmi@geol.sc.edu,
and Daniel Schertzer, LMM, Universite P.& M. Curie, case 162, 4
Place Jussieu , Paris, F-75005 FRA, Tel: +33 1 4427 4963, Fax: +33
1 4427 5259, email: schertze@ccr.jussieu.fr
H30 Ecohydrological and Geochemical Processes at the Hillslope and Watershed Scales
Surface and near-surface ecohydrological and geochemical (biogeochemical
or inorganic) processes are intimately coupled at both the hillslope
and watershed scales. Such processes can either be physical,
biological, or a combination of the two. Because of these coupled
systems, interdisciplinary approaches that embrace both the physical
and biological aspects of complex environmental problems are sought.
Abstracts are solicited on the general topic of terrestrial
ecohydrology, but we also seek to highlight measurement and modeling
studies investigating the links between ecohydrology and geochemistry
at the hillslope or watershed scales. Example topics include the
influence of landscape change on runoff, erosion, or succession; links
between processes and spatial patterns of soil water content, chemical
constituents, or vegetation; ecohydrologic controls on contaminant
transport (including degradation) or vice versa; coupled ecohydrologic
processes and nutrient cycling; improved assessments of water balance
and/or plant water use (including evaporation versus transpiration);
and studies on upscaling of ecohydrologic and/or geochemical processes
from the hillslope to the watershed scale.
Conveners:
Brent D Newman, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Earth &
Environmental Sciences Division, MS J495 Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel: 505 667 3021, Fax: 505 665
3866, email: bnewman@lanl.gov, and D Scott Mackay, State University
of New York at Buffalo, Department of Geography, 105 Wilkeson Quad,
Buffalo, NY 14261 USA, Tel: 716 645 2722, email: dsmackay@wisc.edu
H31 Hillslope Hydrologic Processes: New Directions in Monitoring and Modeling
This session will emphasize the physical and biological mechanisms
governing the supply and movement of water and solutes through
hillslopes. Emphasis will be given to exploring and reconciling the
set of experimental observations and modeling approaches to
characterize water flux into, through, and out of hillslope systems,
spatial patterns of soil water at the hillslope scale, and scaling
behavior of soil water stores and flux from pedon to catchment scales.
These can include consideration of matric and macropore processes,
infiltration and exfiltration, and saturated/unsaturated zone
interactions. Abstracts discussing requirements and development of new
instrumentation and monitoring strategies to quantify and track flux of
water and solutes through hillslopes are solicited, as are abstracts
exploring redevelopment of modeling paradigms at the hillslope scale.
Conveners:
Lawrence E Band, University of North Carolina, CB#3220 University of
North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA, Tel: 919-962-3921, Fax:
919-962-1537, email: lband@email.unc.edu, and Jeffrey McDonnell,
Oregon State University, Dept. of Forest Engineering, Corvallis, OR
97331-5706 USA, Tel: 541-737-8720, Fax: 541-737-4316, email:
Jeff.McDonnell@orst.edu, and Markus Weiller, Oregon State
University, Dept. of Forest Engineering, Corvallis, OR 97331-5706 USA,
Tel: 541-737-8719, Fax: 541-737-4316, email: markus@2hydros.de
H32 Catchment Processes in the Tropics
Much of the potable water in the tropics emanates from managed forest
and agricultural lands. The quality, quantity, and timing of water
from headwater catchments is strongly influenced by land use, yet land
use interactions are poorly understood. Relative anthropogenic impacts
may be strongly associated with the spatial and temporal attributes of
land uses; however, without understanding the controls on materials
transported through and stored in headwaters, it is difficult to
develop prudent long-term management plans for larger catchments. Land
use activities pose additional environmental concerns in headwaters
because they affect the occurrence of floods and sediment hazards.
Understanding the linkages among hydrologic, sedimentation, and
biogeochemical processes in tropical catchments is necessary for the
optimal management of these water supply systems as well as for
reducing the impacts caused by flooding, landslides, and debris flows
in developing countries. Abstracts related to hydrologic,
biogeochemical, and sedimentation processes in tropical catchments are
encouraged, with an emphasis on land use interactions.
Conveners:
Roy C Sidle,
Kyoto University, Geohazards Division,
Gokasho, Uji,
, Kyoto, 611-0011 JPN, Tel: +81-774-38-4116, Fax: +81-774-38-4118, email: sidle@slope.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp, and
Alan Ziegler,
National University of Singapore, Department of Geography,
1 Arts Link,
Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117570 SGP, email: thaihawk@hotmail.com
H33 Linking Lateral Hydrologic and Geomorphic Processes to Space-time Scaling Behavior in the Near-Surface Environment (POSTER)
Space-time variabilities in soils, soil water, chemical constituents,
and vegetation have been observed and documented, and their patterns
have been quantified using various methods. Although the methods for
measurement and data analysis have continued to improve, progress
toward developing useful, universal scaling relationships has been
limited. A lack of knowledge remains concerning causal relationships
between hydrologic/geomorphic/meteorologic processes acting over a
range of timescales across interacting land areas and the resulting
scaling behaviors of landscape variables, particularly in the near
surface. Landscape topography affects and interacts with these
physical processes, such that surface topographic attributes are cross
correlated with the properties and state variables of interest. In
fact, these properties and variables may display scaling behavior
similar to certain topographic indices, but our understanding of the
mechanisms remains interpretive and uncertain. Topics of interest
include processes such as interactive infiltration and runoff-runon
over surfaces with microtopography; coupled overland and subsurface
variably saturated flow at hillslope scales; hydrologic and geomorphic
interactions over watershed areas and soil development timescales; and
event to seasonal timescale spatial variability in rainfall-runoff and
transport processes over a range of spatial domains. Field
experiments, numerical simulations, and their joint methods of
investigation are welcome.
Conveners:
Timothy Richard Green, USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Research Unit PO
Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80525 USA, Tel: 970-490-8335, Fax: :
970-490-8310, email: Tim.Green@ars.usda.gov, and Jorge A Ramirez,
Colorado State University, Dept. of Civil Engineering B119 Engineering,
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372 USA, Tel: 970-491-7621, Fax: 970-491-7727,
email: ramirez@engr.colostate.edu
H34 Use of Remotely Sensed Boundary Conditions in Land Surface Modeling
NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua satellite platforms,
USGS’s Landsat, NOAA’s AVHRR and GOES satellite programs, as well as
satellites available through private enterprises (e.g., IKONOS) can
provide land surface modelers with a wide variety of remote
sensing-based information on land use/land cover, fractional vegetation
cover and snow cover, leaf area, surface temperature, and surface
moisture. Whether using a predictive model with forecasted surface
states or part of an operational system using measured state variables,
the availability of remotely sensed surface data at high and low
temporal and spatial resolutions provide unique capabilities for
land-atmosphere flux modeling and monitoring. In particular, major
efforts are now under way exploring the utility of integrating remotely
sensed surface states using data assimilation techniques in atmospheric
and hydrologic models. This session will provide a forum for
presenting efforts to merge remotely sensed boundary conditions with
land surface models in order to compute spatially distributed fluxes at
large scales and potentially improve the reliability of model
computations either diagnostically or in a prognostic/predictive mode
using data assimilation techniques. We are also soliciting work on
integrating remote sensing-based information with large eddy simulation
(LES). The LES technique has emerged as a useful tool for exploring
impacts of land surface heterogeneity on the atmospheric boundary
layer. However, the fluxes have not traditionally been allowed to
develop dynamically with surface and overlying air states until
recently in the implementation of a framework for merging remotely
sensed land surface data into an LES model. A Frontiers in
Hydrological Sciences Lecture to be given by Dr. John Albertson on new
opportunities in understanding surface-atmosphere coupling using an
LES-remote sensing-based framework is being proposed. This lecture
should have wide appeal in the Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeosciences,
and Hydrology Sections.
Conveners: William P Kustas, USDA-ARS, Hydrology and
Remote Sensing Lab 10300 Baltimore Avenue Bldg. 007 BARC-West,
Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 USA, Tel: 301-504-8498, Fax: 301-504-8931,
email: bkustas@hydrolab.arsusda.gov, and Wade Crow, USDA-ARS,
Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab 10300 Baltimore Avenue Bldg. 007
BARC-West , Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 USA, Tel: 301-504-6847, Fax:
301-504-8931, email: wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov
H35 Early Results From NASA's EOS Aqua Spacecraft Mission
NASA's Aqua satellite was launched on 4 May, 2002, carrying on board six
distinct Earth observing instruments: an Atmospheric Infrared Sounder
(AIRS), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and two Clouds and the Earth's
Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments, all provided by the United
States, plus an Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth
Observing System (AMSR-E), provided by the National Space Development
Agency of Japan (NASDA), and a Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB),
provided by the Brazilian Institute for Space Research. All six
instruments have returned high-quality data, and scientists from around
the world have been analyzing these data for information about the
global water cycle and other elements of the Earth's climate system.
This Aqua session is an opportunity for scientists who are using the
Aqua data to present their results and for AGU attendees to hear and
see a variety of what is being done with the Aqua data.
Conveners:
Claire L Parkinson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 971,NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel:
301-614-5715, Fax: 301-614-5644, email: Claire.L.Parkinson@nasa.gov,
and Steven M Graham, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 900,
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-5561, Fax: 301-614-6530, email:
steven.m.graham.2@gsfc.nasa.gov
H36 Water Quality of Hydrologic Systems (POSTER)
Water quality is determined by complex interactions of hydrological,
geochemical, and biological processes. Poster presentations are
encouraged on all aspects of water quality, ranging from field and
laboratory studies to modeling approaches. Possible topics include
behavior of naturally occurring chemical species or contaminants,
geochemical reactions and processes, tracers of water movement or
solute transport, and novel techniques of analysis or investigation.
Presentations may focus on surface or groundwater systems at any
spatial or temporal scale.
Conveners:
Elizabeth W Boyer, State University of New York - ESF, 1 Forestry
Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA, Tel: 315 470 4818, Fax: 208-246-2106,
email: ewboyer@syr.edu, and Michael Gooseff, Utah State University,
Department of Aquatic, Watershed, & Earth Resources, Logan, UT
84322 USA, Tel: 435 797 1871, Fax: 208-246-2106, email:
michael.gooseff@usu.edu
H37 Designing a Network of Hydrologic Observatories (INVITED ONLY)
The Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic
Science, Inc. (CUAHSI), has received funding from the National Science
Foundation to develop a design for a network of hydrologic
observatories, among other activities. (Further information is
available at http://www.cuahsi.org.) The observatories will be much
larger (of the order of 10,000 km^2) than traditional experimental
watersheds, will be oriented around hypothesis testing as well as
characterization, and will be professionally staffed. Routine data will
be available to everyone after it is quality assured via an observatory
Web site. Such data are expected to include not only traditional
measurements such as streamflow and chemistry, but also data such as
NEXRAD radar and remotely sensed data such as NVDI. This invited oral
presentations-only quarter-day session will cover the recent
prototyping exercise conducted on the Neuse River watershed. This
exercise provides the first estimates of the financial cost and the
scientific benefit of attempting to answer a broad range of questions
in the same basin. The session will provide information on an upcoming
competition for site assessment grants to be awarded in early 2004.
Conveners: Richard P Hooper, CUAHSI, 2000 Florida
Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009 USA, Tel: 202 777 7302, Fax: 202
328-0566, email: rhooper@cuahsi.org, and Kenneth Reckhow, North
Carolina State University Campus, NC Water Resource Research Institute
Box 7912, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA, Tel: 919-515-2815, email:
reckhow@duke.edu
H38 Influence of Hydrologic and Geomorphic Processes on Surface Water Quality
A variety of hydrologic and geomorphic processes influence surface water
quality by controlling the transport of waterborne constituents and
constraining the rates of biogeochemical processes. Often bulk water
quality is of interest in studies of surface water bodies, but the
hydrologic and geomorphic processes controlling this water quality can
occur at a wide variety of spatial scales up to and including the
catchment scale. Example processes include the effect of climate and
geology on establishing fluxes at the watershed scale, the role of
groundwater residence times in controlling weathering rates, the effect
of specific hillslope flow pathways on chemical transformations,
controls on water quality expressed by watershed drainage structure,
and the role of interactions between stream and subsurface flows in
controlling redox conditions and nutrient dynamics. Contributions are
sought that utilize observational, experimental, or computational
methods to examine the effects of hydrologic and geomorphic processes
on water quality at spatial scales ranging from the microscale to the
whole-watershed scale.
Conveners:
Thomas Meixner,
University of California Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences
Room 2217 Geology
, Riverside, CA 92521 USA, Tel: 909 787 2356, Fax: 909.787.3993, email: tmeixner@mail.ucr.edu, and
Aaron I Packman,
Northwestern University, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
A314 Technological Institute 2145 Sheridan Road
, Evanston, IL 60208 USA, Tel: 847.491.9902, Fax: 847.491.4011, email: a-packman@northwestern.edu
H39 Nitrogen Sources and Cycling in Aquatic Systems
Globally, the cycling of nitrogen (N) is changing more rapidly than that
of any other element cycle, with significant environmental
consequences. We seek presentations for a general session focusing on
N sources, hydrologic transport, and biogeochemical transformations at
small to large watershed scales. Specific topics include, but are not
limited to, pollution of surface waters and groundwater; atmospheric
deposition of nitrogenous compounds and its effects; agricultural N
transfers; impact on coastal waters; water quality standards; and
policy developments. Further, we seek abstracts for a topical
subtheme that focuses on in-stream processes, especially
denitrification and uptake by primary producers, and their effects on
transport to downstream ecosystems. We encourage abstracts such as
biotic and abiotic factors controlling N transport; techniques for
quantifying in-stream N retention; and modeling N cycling processes
from low- to high-order streams.
Conveners:
Carol Kendall, US Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd. MS 434,
Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-4576, Fax: 650-329-5590, email:
ckendall@usgs.gov, and Richard B Alexander, US Geological Survey, 413
National Center 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703
648 6869, Fax: 703-648-6693, email: ralex@usgs.gov, and Elizabeth W
Boyer, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science
& Forestry 1 Forestry Drive , Syracuse, NY 13210 USA, Tel: 315 470
4818, Fax: 208-246-2106, email: ewboyer@syr.edu
H40 Environmental Impacts of Coal-Bed Methane Development
Rising energy prices and demands have led to the rapid expansion of
coal-bed methane (CBM) development in many parts of the United States.
In the Powder River Basin alone, it is anticipated that 40,000 new CBM
wells will be installed in the near future. Associated with each well
are roads, pipelines, and compressors. Development has far outpaced
research on environmental impacts. Thus there is a paucity of data
with which to predict future effects. Extraction of CBM involves the
coproduction of coal-bed water. Options for disposition of this water
include reinjection into the subsurface, storage in constructed
impoundments, discharge to streams, and land application. These
options give rise to environmental questions related to hydrology,
ecology, biogeochemistry, geomorphology, and climate change. The
purpose of this session is to bring together scientists from a variety
of fields to examine and discuss environmental issues related to CBM
development. Abstracts are solicited on, but not limited to, the
following topics: attenuation of surfacewater and groundwater quality,
depletion of groundwater resources, habitat changes, introduction of
invasive species, erosion, sediment transport, land subsidence, gas
migration, air quality, and noise pollution.
Conveners:
Richard W Healy, US Geological Survey, MS 413 Box 25046 Denver Federal
Center, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303-236-5392, Fax: 303-236-5034,
email: rwhealy@usgs.gov, and Richard L Smith, US Geological Survey,
3215 Marine Street Rm E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-541-3032,
Fax: 303-447-2505, email: rlsmith@usgs.gov
H41 The Effects of Best Management Practices on Water Quality, Runoff Processes, and Sediment Transport
Best management practices (BMPs) are widely used to minimize the impact
of human activities on nearby water bodies. BMPs are commonly
implemented as part of agricultural, forestry, mining,
construction/development activities, and postfire land rehabilitation.
BMPs range from large-scale features such as riparian buffers,
constructed wetlands, and sediment basins to small-scale features such
as drainage ditches, water bars, and culverts. State and federal laws
typically require that multiple BMPs be used at a given site, and so it
is often difficult to know the effectiveness of an individual BMP. In
recent years, however, an increasing number of studies have examined
the effectiveness of BMPs in an attempt to provide feedback that can be
used to improve BMP practices. In this session we seek contributions
from studies that have examined the effectiveness of BMPs in minimizing
perturbations to water quality, runoff processes, and sediment
transport. We welcome contributions from a range of impacts including
agricultural, forestry, mining, and construction activities.
Contributions from studies of postfire BMPs and rehabilitation are
particularly welcome. We also welcome contributions from studies that
have explored how scientific information has informed or can inform BMP
policy.
Conveners:
Douglas A. Burns,
U.S. Geological Survey, 425 Jordan Rd., Troy, NY 12180 USA, Tel: 518-285-5662, Fax: 518-285-5601, email: daburns@usgs.gov, and
Brian McGlynn,
Montana State University, Dept. of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences
334 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA, Tel: 406-994-7690, Fax: 406-994-3933, email: bmcglynn@montana.edu
Hydrology also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of Atmospheric Gases
B03 The Relationship Between Biological Productivity and Terrestrial Carbon Storage
B05 Biogeochemistry and Detection of Reduced Sulfur Species in Oxic Environments
B06 The Utilization of Compound Specific Analysis in Biogeochemistry
B07 The Effects of Forest Disturbance on Watershed Processes: Hydrology, Soils, Biota, and Water Chemistry
B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
B10 Molecular Biogeochemical Processes of Terrestrial Environments
B11 Environmental Assessment From the Width, Anatomy, and Chemical Composition of Tree Rings
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B14 Estimating Terrestrial Carbon, Water, and Energy Fluxes From Site to Region
B20 Modeling Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles in
Natural and Contaminated Systems: Linking Hydrogeological,
Microbiological, and Geochemical Processes
B23 Very High Resolution Land Cover Mapping Applications to Resource Management
B24 Validation and Application of Land Surface Products From the MODIS Sensor
B25 Aqueous Microbial Geochemistry
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions, Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
B18 Ecosystem Interactions With Land-Use Change
B04 An Ecohydrological Perspective on Woody Plant Encroachment in Semiarid Regions
G07 Geocenter: Reference Frame Definition and Influence of Geophysical Fluids
G09 Progress in Imaging and Understanding the Surface Deformation Field Above Reservoirs
G11 Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (ALSM): Technology, Applications and Results
OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Past, Present, and Future
OS08 Geological and Biogeochemical Processes in a Wet Tropical Setting: New Guinea, Source to Sink
B17 Carbon Cycling in Northern Soils and Surface Waters
PP11 Global, Hemispheric and Regional Climate Signals During the Last Millennium
T08 Taking the Measure of Deforming Landscapes
T15 Late Cenozoic Tectonics, Climate, and Topography in the Central and Southern Andes
V13 U-series in Continental Environments: Soils, River, and Ground Waters
AE03 Lightning, Meteorology and Climate
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive, Translator, and Facilitator
C02 Advances in Glacier Geophysics
C05 Snow Cover and Biogeochemical Cycling
C07 CLPX: Cold Lands Processes Field Experiment
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
C06 Monitoring, Measuring, and Modeling Snow Processes (POSTER)
GC01 Reconstructing Hydroclimatic Variability in North America: Progress, Methods, and Uncertainties
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
NG03 Geomorphologic Organization and Its Physical Basis
B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic Composition of the Atmosphere
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of Ecosystem Change
B26 Land Use Impacts on Trace Gas Exchanges: BATREX Contribution to New Global Change Science Agenda
OS02 Changes in the Fresh Water Budget of the Ocean From Decades to Centuries
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North America
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates
C08 Glaciers and Ice Sheets
OS00 General Ocean Sciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Ocean Sciences, including the
science, engineering, administration or policy aspects, may be
submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit
into one of the approved, preorganized Ocean Sciences sessions. The
Ocean Sciences section includes a diverse collection of marine related
topics, from a broad range of disciplines including but not limited to
biological oceanography, marine geochemistry, marine geology and
geophysics and physical oceanography. Areas studied vary from coastal
regions to the deep sea, using techniques ranging from remote sensors
to autonomous instruments to instrumentation on ships to numerical
modeling. These contributions will be reviewed by the Program
Committee and either assigned to an existing session or formed into
new sessions based on the content of the abstracts received.
Conveners:
Molly O. Baringer,
NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA, Tel: 305-361-4345, email: molly.baringer@noaa.gov
OS01 Progress in Tsunami Research and Mitigation
During the decade of 1990-2000, eighty-two tsunamis were reported,
including 11 destructive ones that killed 4600 people. Extensive survey
data from these events have led to better understanding of the effects
of tsunami forces. These data have also been used to improve models of
tsunami generation, propagation, and run-up which in turn have led to
the development of new technologies to estimate tsunami flooding for
coastal areas and to measure tsunamis in the deep ocean, a prerequisite
for tsunami forecasting. These technologies have aided mitigation
efforts by identifying hazard areas from which evacuation plans can be
developed and by applying novel ways to warn coastal residents to
evacuate the coast.
Conveners:
Eddie N. Bernard, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600
Sand Point way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA, Tel: 2065266800, Fax:
2065264576, email: eddie.n.bernard@noaa.gov, and Costas Synolakis,
University of Southern California, 3620 St. Vermont Ave., Room 220, Los
Angeles, CA 90089 USA, Tel: 2137400613, Fax: 2137441426, email:
costas@usc.edu
OS02 Changes in the Fresh Water Budget of the Ocean From Decades to Centuries
The recent analyses of hydrographic data revealed dramatic changes in
heat and fresh water content during the past 5 decades through the
entire water column in the major ocean basins. Particularly, the
volumetric census of the subpolar North Atlantic suggests an average
addition of 4 m of fresh water to the water column between the 1960s
and 1990s (with up to 6 m in the central region of the Labrador Sea
where intense winter convection occurs). Observations and models also
show that the fresh water content in the Arctic Ocean has decreased by
about 20,000 km^3 during last 50 years. This surplus of fresh water was
partially imported to the North Atlantic, serving as a major source of
the subpolar freshening. Contrasting with the subpolar regions, the
upper water column at the low latitudes became saltier and warmer over
the past few decades. Similar patterns of the long-term change are seen
in the Indo-Pacific and Southern Oceans. The observed changes of the
heat and fresh water content could be caused partially by the
redistribution of heat and salt in the ocean alone due to changes in
the circulation. However, the similarity in the patterns of the
long-term change in different oceans suggests that there was a common
cause to the global redistribution of fresh water and also implies the
intensification in the hydrological cycle over the recent decades. We
encourage abstracts revealing the sources and nature of the changes in
the ocean from decades to centuries, looking in the magnitude,
prediction, environmental implications, and possible consequences of
the changes (including the impacts on sea level and circulation). The
session will cover other components of the hydrological cycle (e.g.,
atmosphere, rivers, ice, etc.) and span from regional studies to global
summaries. The session will also provide a forum for comparisons of
regional and global models with observations.
Conveners:
Igor Yashayaev, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger
Drive, P.O.Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2 CAN, Tel: (902) 426-9963,
Fax: (902) 426-3711, email: yashayaevi@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca, and Andrey
Proshutinsky, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS#29, 360 Woods
Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: 508-289-2796, Fax:
508-457-2181, email: aproshutinsky@whoi.edu, and Bob Dickson,
Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield
Road, Lowestoft Suffolk, NR33 OHT GBR, Tel: (44) 1502-524282, Fax:
(44) 1502 513865, email: r.r.dickson@cefas.co.uk, and Raymond W.
Schmitt, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS#29, 360 Woods Hole
Road,, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: (508) 289-2426, Fax: (508)
457-2181, email: rschmitt@whoi.edu
OS03 Oceanography of the Tropical Atlantic
This session will serve as a forum to discuss tropical Atlantic
oceanography and the interaction with the subtropics. It will call for
contributions dealing with observations, models, and statistical
studies. Special emphasis will be given to tropical Atlantic
variability, subtropical and tropical cells, boundary and equatorial
currents, air-sea fluxes, and interhemispheric exchanges of heat, mass,
and chemical fluxes.
Conveners:
Fritz Schott,
IFM Kiel, Institut fur Meereskunde
Dusternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, 424105 USA, Tel: 49-431-600-4100, Fax: 49-431-600-4102, email: fschott@ifm.uni-kiel.de, and
Silvia Garzoli,
NOAA/AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA, Tel: 305-361-4338, Fax: 305-361-4392, email: silvia.garzoli@noaa.gov
OS04 Late Pleistocene and Holocene Paleoceanographic Variability Along the Pacific Margin of North America
In recent years, several high-resolution cores have been retrieved from
the western margin of North America. These are allowing new insights
about climate history to be developed. In particular, about 24 Giant
Piston cores were collected in June 2002 during the IMAGES VIII cruise,
between Vancouver Island and Panama Basin. They are allowing climatic
and oceanographic changes to be deciphered on decadal to millennial
timescales over periods ranging from 10,000 to about 200,000 years.
Recent research has shown that the accumulation rate of organic matter
in the upper-and lower-slope sediments of the western margins of the
Americas has changed dramatically on timescales ranging from decades to
tens of millennia. In conjunction with records of numerous associated
or independent proxies, such observations are important on many levels.
They permit links to be drawn between climate variations and ecosystem
shifts; they illustrate variability in water mass distribution and
structure in the ocean; they contribute to the construction of
global-scale climate records and the understanding of the relationships
between climate forcing and effects; and they yield insight into the
magnitude and direction of exchange of climatically important gases
between ocean and atmosphere. We anticipate that abstracts will be
submitted to the proposed session that present high-resolution
reconstructions of geologically recent changes of the California
Current, California Undercurrent, and associated upwelling systems
between the Panama Basin and the Gulf of Alaska. The session will deal
with specific aspects of the paleoceanography of the eastern Pacific
such as denitrification, anoxia, laminated sediments, primary
production, upwelling dynmics, and past variability of El Niño.
Conveners:
Luc Beaufort,
CEREGE/CNRS, Europole de l''Arbois
BP 80, Aix-en-Provence, 13545 c04 FRA, Tel: (33) 442 97 15 71, Fax: (33) 442 97 15 95, email: beaufort@cerege.fr, and
T. F. Pedersen,
University of Victoria, Petch 168
P.O. Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, V8W 306 CAN, Tel: (250) 721-6120, Fax: (250)721-6200, email: tfp@uvic.ca, and
Maria-Luisa Machin-Castillo,
UNAM, , Mexico, MEX, email: machain@icmyl.unam.mx
OS05 Sedimentation on European Margins
EuroSTRATAFORM is a joint European and North American initiative to
explore the fate of sediment particles in shallow deltas, continental
shelves, and deeper margin settings. Importance is placed on scaling
short-term dynamical processes across longer time and space scales.
The project consists of applying concentrated observations of
oceanographic events and their impact on sediment transport and
accumulation, coring and drilling key locales to calibrate and
understand three-dimensional acoustic and seismic structures, and the
modeling of these processes and stratigraphy at varied time and space
scales. This session will bring together international scientists
contributing to the effort and others whose comparative studies
complement the initiative.
Conveners:
James P. Syvitski, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University
of Colorado 1560 30th Street , Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel:
303-492-7909, Fax: 303-492-3287, email: James.Syvitski@Colorado.edu,
and Charles A. Nittrouer, School of Oceanography, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, Tel: 206-543-5099, Fax:
206-543-6073, email: nittroue@ocean.washington.edu
OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Past, Present, and Future
The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations are highly correlated and
known to have an impact on climate variability from America to Europe
through both atmospheric and oceanic processes. There is considerable
interest in the paleoclimatic evidence for these oscillations.
Despite recent modeling efforts and attempts to reconstruct this
phenomenon over the last millennium, we still do not understand its
cause or have a firm grip on its periodicity over more than the last
century. The purpose of this session is to bring together atmospheric
scientists, oceanographers, and paleoceanographers to discuss what is
known and where the directions of future research lie regarding this
important climate phenomenon. Abstracts on all aspects of the Arctic
and North Atlantic Oscillations, and their past, present, or future
guises and ramifications are encouraged.
Conveners:
Dennis A. Darby, Old Dominion University, Dept. of Ocean, Earth, &
Atmospheric Sciences, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA, Tel: 757-683-4701, Fax:
757-683-5303, email: ddarby@odu.edu, and Lawrence Mysak, Dept. of
Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2K6
CAN, Tel: 514-398-3768, email: mysak@zephyr.meteo.mcgill.ca
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas Hydrate From Around the Globe
Methane and related natural gases have been identified in marine, inland
sea, and permafrost settings around the globe, both as free gas and
within natural gas hydrates. From continental margin settings to the
deepest ocean basins, methane is evidenced by the presence of bottom
simulating seismic reflectors, velocity anomalies, thermal anomalies,
geochemical signatures, and thriving biological communities. This
methane system is of direct societal significance, as it plays a role
in global climate change and geologic hazards and also represents a
potential energy resource. This broadly inclusive AGU session solicits
contributions that address the generation, detection, characterization,
quantification, and/or implications of natural gas hydrate deposits.
Studies of methane hydrate in deep water settings are particularly
encouraged. Modeling and laboratory studies aimed at the quantitative
interpretation of field observations are also particularly welcomed.
The aim of this session is to bring together the many disciplines
involved in hydrate studies, thereby providing a meeting focus for the
natural gas and gas hydrates research community. This session will be
coordinated with the more site-focused one on Gas Hydrates in
Accretionary Complexes (convener: A. Trehu). Conveners will be happy
to guide relevant contributions to their most appropriate session.
Conveners:
Ginger A. Barth,
U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd
MS 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-5329, Fax: 650-329-5190, email: gbarth@usgs.gov, and
David W. Scholl,
U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd.
Ms 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-4762, Fax: 650-329-5190, email: dscholl@usgs.gov
OS08 Geological and Biogeochemical Processes in a Wet Tropical Setting: New Guinea, Source to Sink
The dominant transfer of particulate and dissolved components on the
Earth's surface occurs in wet tropical settings. Among these settings,
the islands of the Indo-Pacific Archipelago are very important.
Intense research has started in association with the largest island,
New Guinea. This session represents an opportunity for international
scientists working in both the source areas on land and the sink areas
of the ocean to present and integrate their research. This will
include studies of hydrology, geomorphology, sedimentology,
stratigraphy, and organic/inorganic geochemistry that define the
processes extending from fluvial environments to the continental margin.
Conveners:
Robert C. Aller, Stony Brook University, Marine Sciences Research
Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA, Tel: 631-632-8746, Fax:
631-632-8820, email: raller@notes.cc.sunysb.edu, and Charles A.
Nittrouer, University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Seattle,
WA 98195 USA, Tel: 206-543-5099, Fax: 206-543-6073, email:
nittroue@ocean.washington.edu
OS09 Gas Hydrates in Accretionary Complexes
The year 2002 was marked by several cruises focused on studying gas
hyrates in accretionary complexes, including ODP Leg 204 to Hydrate
Ridge, offshore Oregon. In this session we seek to bring together
researchers from a broad range of disciplines to further our
understanding of the processes that control formation and dissociation
of gas hydrates in this environment. We encourage presentations of new
data and of modeling efforts that incorporate constraints from the new
data. This session will be coordinated with a related session on the
global occurrence of gas hydrates to provide a forum for furthering
research on naturally occurring gas hydrates.
Conveners:
Anne M. Trehu,
Oregon State University, , , USA, email: trehu@coas.oregonstate.edu, and
Joel E. Johnson,
Oregon State University, , , USA, email: jjohnson@coas.oregonstate.edu
OS10 Recent Advances in Understanding Submarine Environments and the Future of Submergence Research and Facilities
The use of occupied submersibles and remotely operated vehicles provides
a mechanism by which marine geologists, biologists, and geochemists can
perform field work in extreme environments, collect samples, run
experiments, and establish observatories on the seafloor and in the
water column. This session will highlight recent advances in marine
studies as pertains to systems investigated with submergence assets
including ridge crest studies, convergent and passive margin studies,
and research in the water column. Presentations on upgrades to existing
vehicles and projected uses for the future will provide attendees with
up-to-date information on the state of the art in submergence vehicles
and systems. There will also be an opportunity for scientists to
exchange feedback with other users of these vehicles and systems and
with facility operators.
Conveners:
Patricia Fryer,
University of Hawaii, SOEST/Planetary Geosciences
2525 Correa Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, Tel: 808-956-3146, Fax: 808-956-6322, email: pfryer@hawaii.edu, and
Daniel Fornari,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Geology & Geophysics Dept. MS #22
, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: (508) 289-2857, Fax: (508) 457-2187, email: dfornari@whoi.edu
OS11 Identifying Submarine Landslide Time of Failure
Submarine landslides are now recognized as significant mass movement and
tsunami hazards. While marine geology techniques for identifying
submarine landslides are well established, there remains considerable
uncertainty with regard to the time of failure. Given the general
absence of submarine landslide detection instruments, the only way to
assess the involvement of a submarine landslide in a given natural
disaster is to identify the time of failure with reasonable accuracy.
We consider a wide range of interdisciplinary techniques that can
assist in determining the time of failure. These methods/approaches
include: morphological or depositional, biological, geothermal,
radioisotope, geotechnical, fluid expulsion, seismic and acoustic, and
water wave observation. We attempt to demonstrate the specific roles
for different types of sampling, instrumentation, and observation.
Conveners:
David R Tappin, British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre
Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG GBR, Tel: 44 (0)115 9363449, Fax: 44
(0)115 9363200, email: drta@bgs.ac.uk, and Philip Watts, Applied
Fluids Engineering, Inc., Private Mail Box #237 5710 E. 7th Street,
Long Beach, CA 90803 USA, Tel: 562-498-9407, Fax: 562-498-9407, email:
phil.watts@appliedfluids.com
Ocean Sciences also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
PP13 Rapid Climate Change during the Holocene and Last Glacial
U02 The Contributions of 20 Years of Scientific Ocean Drilling
A15 Ocean/Atmospheric Modeling
A02 Biogenic Reactive Trace Compounds and Their Role in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
A03 Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Critical Estuary Habitats: The Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE)
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of Atmospheric Gases
B05 Biogeochemistry and Detection of Reduced Sulfur Species in Oxic Environments
B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
B12 From Mantle to Microbe: Ridge2000 Research and Progress
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B20 Modeling Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles in
Natural and Contaminated Systems: Linking Hydrogeological,
Microbiological, and Geochemical Processes
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
B25 Aqueous Microbial Geochemistry
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions, Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
G07 Geocenter: Reference Frame Definition and Influence of Geophysical Fluids
G08 Use of Observations and Models of the Atmosphere and Oceans in Geodesy and Geodynamics
G12 Insights Into the Earthquake Cycle
GP01 Magnetic Interpretation: Continental to Planetary Scales
H20 Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP)
H35 Early Results From NASA's EOS Aqua Spacecraft Mission
H39 Nitrogen Sources and Cycling in Aquatic Systems
PP04 Nature and Causes of Cyclicity in Mesozoic and Paleogene Paleoclimate Records
PP07 Evolution of the Antarctic Climate System: Modeling and Observation
PP09 Effects of Sediment Dynamics on Marine Paleorecords
PP10 The Last Interglacial
A11 Integrating Aerosol Measurements and Models
T10 Structure and Dynamics of Oceanic Upper Mantle
V02 The Growth and Collapse of Hawaiian Volcanoes
V10 Crustal and Mantle Processes in Ophiolites and Ocean Crust Generation
V03 Melting of the Mantle and Formation of Basalt Magmas: Experiments, Field Studies, and Models
V12 The Origins of Hot Spots, LIPS, Seamount Chains and Volcanic Ridges
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C02 Advances in Glacier Geophysics
C04 Ice-Ocean Interactions and the Cryosphere
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
C10 Fracture Processes in Glacier Ice
C11 International Polar Year 2007-2008
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
PA01 Oceanographic Research and Marine Mammals
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic Composition of the Atmosphere
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of Ecosystem Change
PP06 Paleoproductivity, Proxies, and Preservation: Records of Neogene Evolution of the Oceans
A14 A Quarter Century of Satellite Measurements by TOMS
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North America
NG01 Visualization, Analysis, and Distributed Computing in Nonlinear Geosciences
NG04 Fractals, Chaos, and SOC in Natural and Human-Induced Hazards
PP03 Mezosoic Black Shales: Fresh Looks at an Old Problem
ED03 Enhancing K-12 Earth Science Education Through Partnership
ED06 Education and Outreach Efforts of Major Research Facilities and Organizations
ED07 The GLOBE Program: What Has and Has Not Worked Well in the Past and Where Should It Go in the Future?
ED09 Building Strong Geoscience Departments: Examples That Work
ED12 Fixing the Holes in the Leaky Pipeline (POSTER)
ED16 The Benefits and Challenges of Education and Public Outreach Efforts Associated With Scientific Research Programs
ED18 Exploiting the Electronic Media to Communicate Science (POSTER)
ED24 Scholarly Journals in the Digital Age
PP02 Southern Ocean Climatic Evolution: The Marine Geologic Record
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates
C08 Glaciers and Ice Sheets
P00 General Planetary Sciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Planetary Sciences may be
submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit
into one of the approved, preorganized Planetary Sciences sessions.
General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and
sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
Planetary Sciences encompasses both basic research into how planets
work as well as the planning and implementation of space missions for
exploration and discovery. Those interested in characterizing the
current properties of the known planets and developing an understanding
of the formation and diverse evolution of planetary systems (core,
mantle, crust, surface, hydrosphere, atmosphere, exosphere, rings, and
satellites) should submit an abstract. The varied manifestation of
planetary processes (volcanism, tectonics, impact cratering,
geochemical evolution) continues to challenge our formulation of
geophysical principles.
Conveners:
Martha S. Gilmore,
Wesleyan University, Department of Earth and Environmental Science
265 Church Street, Middletown, CT 06459 USA, Tel: 860-685-3129, Fax: 860-685-3651, email: mgilmore@wesleyan.edu
P01 Geological Evidence for Recent Climate Change on Mars
New spacecraft data have revealed both high-resolution and synoptic
views of the geology of Mars at a scale at which evidence for recent
climate change can be detected, documented, and compared to general
circulation and climate models. At the same time, general circulation
models of the atmosphere of Mars are maturing so that atmospheric water
vapor mobility and longer-term orbital parameter changes can be
assessed. In this session, abstracts treating the geological evidence
for recent climate change on Mars will be highlighted together with
atmosphere and climate models that make predictions as to their
geological consequences.
Conveners:
James W. Head,
Brown University, Dept. of Geological Sciences
324 Brook Street
Box 1846 , Providence, RI 02912 USA, Tel: 401-863-2526, Fax: 401-863-3978, email: James_Head_III@brown.edu, and
John F. Mustard,
Brown University, Dept. of Geological Sciences
324 Brook Street
Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA, Tel: 401-863-1264, Fax: 401-863-3978, email: John_Mustard@brown.edu, and
Robert Haberle,
NASA Ames Research Center, Space Sciences Division
MS 245-3
, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650-604-5491, email: Robert.M.Haberle@nasa.gov
P02 Life in the Martian Regolith, Present and Past
Observational evidence from spacecraft, laboratory studies, and
numerical models suggest the possible periodic occurrence of unfrozen
water in the Martian regolith. The 10^5 year periodicity of
obliquity-driven insolation variations, and possible occurrence of
unfrozen water on that time scale raise the question whether under
these conditions dormant, or even active life is possible, and if so,
where to search for it. This session will address the state and
history of unfrozen water in the Martian regolith, the biology of
terrestrial extremophiles, survival of bacteria in ancient salt
deposits, and permafrost ecology, as well as the alternate question:
what kind of fossil signatures of a more abundant life on early Mars
could have been preserved, and how should a search for them be
conducted?
Conveners:
Aaron P. Zent, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA
94062 USA, Tel: 650-604-5517, Fax: 650-604-6779, email:
Aaron.P.Zent@nasa.gov, and Imre Friedmann, Florida State
University, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94062 USA, email:
ifriedmann@mail.arc.nasa.gov
P03 The Asteroid Impact Hazard: Moving Beyond Spaceguard
This session reviews a decade of progress and highlights current
challenges of the asteroid impact hazard. The most important impact
hazard, that associated with asteroids 1 km or larger, is currently
being addressed by the highly successful Spaceguard Survey; one purpose
of this session is to review these survey programs and assess progress
toward meeting the Spaceguard Goal of 90% completeness by the end of
2008. We are now looking toward the next step, which could include
extending the survey to smaller asteroids. The National Research
Council has recommended the construction of a large synoptic survey
telescope (LSST) in part to accomplish this goal. One key issue in
assessing the value of such an extended survey is the danger from
tsunami caused by the impact of subkilometer asteroids. Also under
consideration are a variety of technologies that could be used to
deflect asteroids on a collision course with Earth. This session
examines the rationale for surveying smaller asteroids and the
technologies available for this purpose. We also consider the
scientific issues for defense mitigation techniques. This is the
appropriate moment to asses where we are and plan for the next steps in
addressing the impact hazard.
Conveners:
David Morrison,
NASA Ames, M/S 240-1, Mt View, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650 604 5094, Fax: 650 604 4251, email: david.morrison@nasa.gov, and
Alan W Harris,
Space Science Institute, 4603 Orange Knoll Ave., La Canada, CA 91011 USA, Tel: 818 790 8291, email: harrisaw@colorado.edu
P04 Faulting and Fault-Related Processes on Planetary Surfaces
Faulting and fault-related deformation, including tilted fault blocks
and grabens, folds, strike-slip, and thrust structures, and dilatant
fractures, are recognized on many planets and satellites. Faulting is
known or suspected to influence processes such as subsidence, surface
collapse, and the formation of pit craters, dike injection, movement
and accumulation of water and ice, seismicity, heat flow,
mineralization, hydrothermal alteration, and magnetization. This
session seeks to explore the relationships between faulting and these
processes. Abstracts are solicited on analyses and implications of
fault systems on solar system bodies.
Conveners:
David A. Ferrill, CNWRA, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra
Rd., San Antonio, TX 78238-5166 USA, Tel: (210) 522-6082, Fax: (210)
522-5155, email: dferrill@swri.edu, and Richard A. Schultz,
University of Nevada, Reno, Mackay School of Mines/172 , Reno, NV
89557-0138 USA, Tel: (775) 784-4318, Fax: (775) 784-1833, email:
schultz@mines.unr.edu, and Robert T. Pappalardo, University of
Colorado, Boulder, Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences Department
& Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Campus Box 392
(Duane, Room D-137), Boulder, CO 80309-0392 USA, Tel: (303) 492-6423,
Fax: (801) 382-3986, email: robert.pappalardo@colorado.edu
P05 Latest Results From Mars Odyssey
Mars Odyssey has been collecting science data at Mars since February
2002. Instruments are returning visible and thermal images and
measurements of gamma ray and neutron planetary fluxes and are
detecting charged particles for human health risk. Abstracts in this
session will provide the latest results from this newest Mars
observatory.
Conveners:
Jeffrey Plaut, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr.,
Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel: 818-393-3799, Fax: 818-354-0966, email:
Jeffrey.J.Plaut@jpl.nasa.gov, and David Senske, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel:
818-393-7775, Fax: 818-393-3035, email: dsenske@jpl.nasa.gov
P06 Science Rationale for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter Mission
NASA is developing plans for an ambitious mission to orbit three
planet-sized moons of Jupiter—Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa—which may
harbor vast oceans beneath their icy surfaces. The mission, called the
Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO), would orbit each of these moons for
extensive investigations of their makeup, their history, and their
potential for sustaining life. This session will examine surface and
interior processes of the Galilean satellites, the Jupiter environment
and the Jovian atmosphere with emphasis on our current state of
knowledge, and investigations that should be targeted by JIMO.
Conveners:
Ronald Greeley, Arizona State University, Department of Geological
Sciences Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 USA, Tel: 480-965-7045, Fax:
480-965-8102, email: greeley@asu.edu, and Torrence Johnson, Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel:
818 393 7957, Fax: 818 393 3035, email:
Torrence.V.Johnson@jpl.nasa.gov, and David Senske, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel:
818-393-7775, Fax: 818-393-3035, email: dsenske@jpl.nasa.gov, and
Colleen Hartman, NASA Headquarters, , , USA, email:
colleen.hartman@hq.nasa.gov, and Curt Neibur, NASA Headquarters, ,
, USA, email: Curt.Niebur@nasa.gov
P07 The Surface Composition of Mars: An Integrated Picture From Orbital, Telescopic, and in Situ Observations
Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey continue to provide a steady
stream of data on the nature of Martian surface materials that
complement data from past orbital missions, telescopic observations, in
situ analyses, and the Martian meteorites. Only by combining these
data sets will it be possible to create an integrated picture of the
Martian surface and its history. Because these data sets examine Mars
at different spatial scales and with different penetration depths, they
provide complementary, but not always apparently consistent,
information. The scientific community is now in a good position to
integrate the results from these data sets and address the implications
of the similarities and differences that exist between them, taking
into consideration the differences in the measurements. Abstracts
involving research that utilizes multiple data sets from past and
present orbital instruments, telescopic observations, in situ analyses,
and the Martian meteorites are welcome.
Conveners:
Victoria E. Hamilton,
University of Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology
2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, Tel: 808-956-3152, Fax: 808-956-6322, email: hamilton@higp.hawaii.edu, and
Michelle E. Minitti,
Arizona State University, Department of Geological Sciences
Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 USA, Tel: 480-727-6664, email: michelle.minitti@asu.edu
P08 Applications of Planetary Radars
Radar has become an important tool in the investigation of planetary
surfaces and subsurfaces. From early studies of the Earth with airborne
and spaceborne radars to the mapping of Venus by Magellan and the
planned sounding of Mars by MARSIS and Sharad, radar data have provided
a vision complementary to other remote sensing techniques. This session
will combine descriptions and definitions of opportunities on upcoming
missions (e.g., Jupiter Icy Moon Orbiter (JIMO) and future Mars
missions) with results from radar studies of the Earth and other
planets.
Conveners:
Tom G Farr, Jet Propulsion Lab, MS 300-233, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA,
Tel: 818-354-9057, Fax: 818-354-9476, email: tom.farr@jpl.nasa.gov, and
Jeff J Plaut, Jet Propulsion Lab, MS 183-501, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA,
Tel: 818 393-3799, Fax: 818 354-0966, email:
Jeffrey.J.Plaut@jpl.nasa.gov
Planetary Sciences also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
U03 Recent Infrasound Studies, Phenomena, and Development
A06 Comparative Photochemical Modeling of Earth and Planetary Atmospheres
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B16 Astrobiology as a Unifying Theme for Solar System Exploration
G04 Geodesy of Terrestrial Planets
GP01 Magnetic Interpretation: Continental to Planetary Scales
GP08 Extraterrestrial Paleomagnetism: Role of Impact Related Shock
GP10 Magnetic Petrology and its Applications to Tectonics, Remote Sensing, and the Martian Climate
SA04 Meteors and the Mesopause
SM05 Jovian Magnetospheric Environment Science for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO)
C03 Planetary Permafrost
ED11 Earth and Space Science Materials for Students With Special Needs (POSTER)
ED19 Teacher Professional Development Programs Promoting Authentic Scientific Research in the Classroom
PP01 Ordovician Climate Evolution
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
PP00 General Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Paleoceanography and
Paleoclimatology may be submitted to this session, particularly if your
abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology sessions. General contributions
will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed
based on the content of the abstracts received. The Paleoceanography
and Paleoclimatology Focus Group deals with past changes in the earth
system, including the atmosphere, oceans and sea ice, cryosphere, and
terrestrial biosphere and hydrology, from basin-scale to global, and
from the Holocene to early Earth.
Conveners:
Bette L. Otto-Bliesner,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate Change Research
1850 Table Mesa Drive
P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA, Tel: 303-497-1723, Fax: 303-497-1348, email: ottobli@ncar.ucar.edu
PP01 Ordovician Climate Evolution
At
the Ordovician atmospheric CO2 has varied considerably, as high as 17
to 10 times present concentration.The model of Berner and Crowley has
assumed a 0.3 planetary albedo(similar to desert).For an albedo jump of
0.1,glacial area is only fully covered 30% of the year(1).There is a
difference in albedo between fresh and old snow(0.75-0.95).Highest
accretion of cosmic dust and large impact(Quebec) at the Ordovician has
been recently recovered :meteorites with iron chondrules accumulated in
Sweden, at a rate 2 orders of magnitude than today.Estolites,50%
metallic elements,are agregation and solidification of condensates in
the cooling phase of an impact cloud. In Osmussaar Island, in Estonia,
the latter contain a slight mixture of kerogen and diffused pyrite.The
pyrite magnetite assemblage can be a tracer of optically active gas
(SO2,CO2) in the atmosphere, which opacity depends on the wavelength of
the light (G. L. Hashimoto). The datation of Lunar spherules,result of
small impacts on the lunar surface,shows that approximately 450 Million
years ago,the cratering rate on the Moon increased by 4(2).Surface
temperature and evaporation over land areas vary respectively from a
maximum of 18.2°C and 535mm yr-1 at 458 Ma(3). On Mars at the end of
the Noachian, the removal of carbon dioxide and water would have driven
surface temperatures below freezing(Nier and McElroy).A 1.5 bar CO2
atmosphere was released during Tharsis formation and a 3 bar CO2
atmosphere at the Noachian(4).The yearly total amount of the outgoing
flux from residual ice caps to space is determined as a function of the
atmospheric pressure(5).Mars Global Surveyor pictures had showed
repeating patterns of dark and light in the dust near the South Pole
mostly frozen carbon dioxide(6).The density of Hellas Basin may be an
accumulation of transient dust that had been circulating about the
planet during the Noachian after which the atmosphere likely decreased
in density and dust moving capacity(7).Earth Paleobiology and Mars
Astrobiology are sensitive to the decrease in atmospheric CO2 after a
very high level(A Noachian Hesperian Polar Ice initiation of Early mars
atmosphere) At the Ordovician,the earth rotation was faster and a year
was made with more than 400 days.The atmosphere's pattern with the 2005
Cesium clock(8)would be stable within 1 second every 300 million
years(9). ref: (1)Climate modeling University of Victoria
(2)McEwen,Moore,Shoemaker (3)Otto-Bliesner (4)R.J.Phillips,Hynek and
Arvidson Journal of Geophysical Research may 2002 (5)Nakamura LPSC2002
Evolution of the climate system of Mars (6)Hellas Basin Worshop on
Early Mars(1997) Scientific Issues addressed by the mars Surveyor
01GRS/NS (7)Mars paleopolar deposits.USGS (8)Nasa Headlines 2002
(9)Agilent Technologies:The science of time keeping
Conveners:
Therese Frade Schneck,
Civil Engineer Ph.D, Tour Eve Apt 3109 1,place du Sud, Puteaux La Defense, 92800 FRA, email: thereseschneck@usa.com
PP02 Southern Ocean Climatic Evolution: The Marine Geologic Record
The last few years have seen several expeditions to the Southern Ocean
(here broadly defined as the ocean between the Southern Capes and
Antarctica) that are now yielding remarkable results. ODP Legs 177,
178, 181, 182, 188, and 189, the Cape Roberts Project, the
Italian-Australian WEGA Cruise 2000, and various Palmer and Polarstern
cruises, etc., all provided high-quality sedimentary records of
Antarctic cryospheric evolution. We propose to schedule a session (or
several sessions, depending on number of submissions) that deals with
this evolution as reflected in Southern Ocean and continental-margin
sediments, and on million-year to centennial timescales. Abstracts
dealing with all aspects of this research, and including all
methodologies, such as geochemical, geophysical, paleomagnetic,
stable-isotopic, paleontologic, and sedimentologic methods, are
welcome. We aim to provide a venue for the exchange of ideas and
opinions for researchers engaged in Southern Ocean studies. Abstracts
resulting from dissertation or thesis research are particularly welcome.
Conveners:
Detlef (Dietz) A. Warnke, Dept. of Geological Sciences,, California
State University, Hayward, CA 94542 USA, Tel: 510-885-4716, Fax:
510-885-2526, email: dwarnke@csuhayward.edu, and Gabe Filippelli,
Dept. of Geology, Indiana University-Purdue University 723 W. Michigan
St., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5132 USA, email: gfilippe@iupui.edu, and
Neville Exon, Geoscience Australia, PO Box 378, Canberra, 2601 AUS,
email: Neville.Exon@ga.gov.au
PP03 Mezosoic Black Shales: Fresh Looks at an Old Problem
Mesozoic "black shales" are typically dark in color, usually rich in
organic carbon, and often laminated. They represent burial of
extraordinary amounts of organic matter in the floors of the world's
oceans and seas. These interesting strata dominated marine
sedimentation during lengthy parts of the Jurassic and Cretaceous
periods, yet they have had no equivalents for the past 80 million
years. Explanations for their formation remain controversial and differ
in the importance of elevated marine productivity, high fluxes of
continental organic matter, and basin stagnation. This session is
intended to showcase advances that have been made in understanding the
Cretaceous world and the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic processes
that created the black shales. Recent evidence indicates a remarkably
warm and wet global climate and important differences in the mode of
marine productivity during parts of the Cretaceous. In addition, black
shale sequences have recently been recovered from parts of the seafloor
that should yield important new insights into how they formed. Novel
information of these kinds will be combined with new interpretations of
older information in this session.
Conveners:
Philip A Meyers, University of Michigan, Department of Geological
Sciences 425 East University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063 USA, Tel:
734-764-0597, Fax: 734-763-4690, email: pameyers@umich.edu, and
Kenneth G MacLeod, University of Missouri, Department of Geological
Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211-1380 USA, Tel: 573-884-3118, Fax:
573-882-5458, email: MacLeodk@missouri.edu
PP04 Nature and Causes of Cyclicity in Mesozoic and Paleogene Paleoclimate Records
This session will serve as a forum for recent results that advance our
understanding of periodic changes in Triassic through Eocene climate,
with emphasis on the mechanisms by which these changes are translated
into marine and terrestrial sedimentary records. These changes include
processes that affected carbon burial, ocean chemistry, water mass
structure, productivity, sediment and population distributions, and
diagenetic alteration. We encourage submissions that elucidate the
processes through which relatively small variations in insolation
result in comparably large contrasts in geological records. We
especially welcome studies that combine data records with numerical and
theoretical models, novel data and statistical approaches, and new
high-resolution marine and terrestrial records.
Conveners: Karen L. Bice, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, Mail Stop #23 Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods
Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: 508-289-3320, Fax: 508-457-2187, email:
kbice@whoi.edu, and Thomas Wagner, University Bremen - Geosciences,
Klagenfurter Strasse, Bremen, 28334 DEU, Tel: +49-421-218-8950, Fax:
+49-421-218-7431, email: twagner@uni-bremen.de
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates
The
Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is manifested in the present
climate as a circumglobal atmospheric belt where the Southern and
Northern Hemisphere trade winds converge to produce intense moist
convection and rainfall. In response to the annual solar cycle the ITCZ
undergoes a regular seasonal migration toward the summer hemisphere,
but maintains a nearly permanent Northern Hemisphere bias, especially
in the Atlantic and eastern-central Pacific Oceans. It interacts
closely with the equatorial ocean circulation, notably with the
seasonal development of the upwelling cold tongues of the Atlantic and
Pacific, and regulates the hydrologic cycle over the terrestrial
tropics. It is furthermore linked to hemispheric-scale processes
controlling latitudinal temperature gradients and the relative strength
of northeast versus southeast trades. For these reasons, long-term
variations in ITCZ systematics are of first-order significance for the
understanding of tropical paleoclimates. Recent evidence suggests that
systematic variations in the mean latitudinal position and intensity of
the ITCZ have occurred over glacial-interglacial transitions,
Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, Heinrich events, the Holocene climate
progression, and possibly over shorter, centennial-to-decadal climate
shifts. This session seeks contributions that attempt to reconstruct,
characterize, and constrain key elements in past ITCZ behavior over
these timescales, including its latitudinal position and range, its
intensity of convection and rainfall, and its response to tropical and
extratropical forcing mechanisms such as insolation, tropical sea
surface temperatures, high-latitude glaciation, deep ocean circulation,
and atmospheric greenhouse potential. Proxy-based reconstructions of
local, regional, or global scope from land and oceans are welcome, as
are modeling studies aiming to elucidate the relative importance of
these influences on past ITCZ variability.
Conveners: Athanasios Koutavas, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., E34-209, Cambridge, MA
02139 USA, Tel: 617-324-6106/845-365-8411, Fax: 617-253-8630, email:
koutavas@mit.edu, and Gerald Haug, Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam
(GFZ), Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, D-14473 DEU, Tel: +49-(0)331-288
1330, Fax: +49-(0)331-288 1302, email: haug@gfz-potsdam.de
PP06 Paleoproductivity, Proxies, and Preservation: Records of Neogene Evolution of the Oceans
Major changes occurred in the ocean-continent climate system during the
Neogene. Antarctic ice sheets expanded, Northern Hemisphere ice
developed, sea level fluctuated, surface and deep water masses cooled,
intermediate and deep water circulation changed with onset of northern
component water flow, equator-pole temperature gradients steepened, the
sill depth of the Isthmus of Panama decreased, silica deposition
shifted from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, C4 plants
expanded, and the Himalayas uplifted. These factors individually and
collectively may have stimulated marine productivity, impacting
withdrawal of CO^2 from the atmosphere and influencing the rate of
Neogene climatic deterioration. Numerous micropaleontological,
geochemical, and isotopic proxies have been applied to reconstruct the
history of Quaternary paleoproductivity from the deep-sea sedimentary
resord. This session will be a forum for evaluating the applicability
of these proxies to Neogene paleoproductivity reconstructions given
possible effects of water depth, water chemistry, and temperature, as
well as diagenesis on the preservation of deep-sea sediments. We
encourage contributions dealing with (1) preservation of
paleoproductivity proxies in Neogene oceanic sediments and (2)
evolution of paleoproductivity in response to Neogene paleoceanographic
and paleoclimatic changes.
Conveners: Liselotte Diester-Haass, Universitaet des
Saarlandes, Zentrum fuer Umweltforschung, Am MArkt, Zeile 2,
Saarbruecken, 66041 DEU, Tel: +681-30264145, Fax: +6841-171774,
email: a.l.haass@t-online.de, and Katharina Billups, College of
Marine Studies University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Road, Lewes, DE
19958 USA, Tel: 302 645-4249, email: kbillups@UDEL.edu, and Philip A.
Meyers, University of Michigan, Dept. of Geological Sciences, 3514 CC
Little Building, 425 East University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063
USA, Tel: 734-764-0597, Fax: 734-763-4690, email: pameyers@umich.edu
PP07 Evolution of the Antarctic Climate System: Modeling and Observation
The aim of this session is to provide a forum for the comparison of
modeling results with the observational record of the evolution of the
Antarctic climate system (ACS). It will be open to contributions
focusing on a range of timescales from the events of the last
deglaciation (approximately 21,000 years before present onward) to the
long-term evolution of the continent since the inception of
continental-scale ice sheets in the Oligocene (approximately 35 million
years). We hope to include contributions on all of the major components
of the ACS, from both the modeling and observational perspectives. We
will therefore aim to include recent results on the evolution of the
region's ice sheets and shelves; oceans and sea ice; atmosphere;
lithosphere; and marine and terrestrial biosphere. The session will
also provide a focus for discussions on the proposed Scientific
Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) research program on Antarctic
Climate Evolution.
Conveners:
Antony J Payne,
University of Bristol, School of Geographical Sciences
University Road
, Bristol, BS8 1SS GBR, Tel: +44 117 954 5972, Fax: +44 117 928 7878, email: A.J.Payne@bristol.ac.uk, and
Robert M DeConto,
University of Massachusetts, Department of Geosciences
233 Morrill Science Center
, Amherst, MA 01003 USA, Tel: +1 413 545 3426, Fax: +1 413 545 1200, email: deconto@geo.umass.edu
PP08 Old World Social Responses to Holocene Abrupt Climate Change Events
The 8.2, 5.2, and 4.2 ka BP global climate changes were abrupt,
century-scale, and high-magnitude. Each event displaced the
developmental course of the agriculture-based societies of Europe and
Asia. The high-resolution paleoclimate and archaeological records for
these abrupt climate changes and their social responses will be
analyzed in Greece and SE Europe, Syro-Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia,
and the Indus Valley. The climate events forced a variety of adaptive
strategies (collapse, habitat tracking, and agro technology innovation)
which refracted societies' evolutionary trajectories.
Conveners:
Harvey Weiss,
Yale University, , New Haven, CT 06520-8236 USA, Tel: 203-432-4080, email: harvey.weiss@yale.edu, and
Richard Meadow,
Harvard University, Peabody Museum, Cambrdige, MA 02138 USA, email: meadow@fas.harvard.edu, and
Andrew Sheratt,
Oxford University, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, OX1 2PH GBR, email: andrew.sherratt@ashmolean-museum.oxford.ac.uk, and
Lauren Ristvet,
Cambridge University, Department of Archaeology, Cambridge, CB@ 1S GBR, email: lmr26@hermes.cam.ac.uk
PP09 Effects of Sediment Dynamics on Marine Paleorecords
Recent work provides evidence that differential supply and sorting of
fine- and coarse-grained sediments in response to climate-driven
variations in continental erosion and ocean bottom currents can both
affect the interpretation of paleoceanographic records and provide
insights into past ocean circulation. Here we solicit abstracts about
three related themes: (1) the geochemical and sedimentological
expression of past variations in sediment supply and the vigor and
trajectory of bottom currents; (2) the influence of differential
sediment supply and transport on the relative fluxes of terrestrial and
marine-derived material from continental margins; and (3) implications
of sediment redistribution on interpretation of sedimentary records.
The primary focus of this session is to develop a greater understanding
of marine sedimentary processes and their effects on the global carbon
cycle and the land-ocean linkages, as well as to evaluate our ability
to obtain accurate records about past oceans.
Conveners:
Ann Pearson,
Harvard University, Hoffman 302,
20 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, Tel: 617-384-8392, Fax: 617-496-4387, email: pearson@eps.harvard.edu, and
Timothy I. Eglinton,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI, MS #4
360 Woods Hole Rd.
, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: 508-289-2627, Fax: 508-457-2164, email: teglinton@whoi.edu, and
Tom Wagner,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI, MS #4
360 Woods Hole Rd., Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: 508-289-2740, email: twagner@whoi.edu, and
Liviu Giosan,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Insitution, WHOI, MS #22
360 Woods Hole Rd., Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: 508-289-2257, email: lgiosan@whoi.edu
PP10 The Last Interglacial
The last
interglacial, defined by marine isotope stage 5e, is an interval when
at least some of the Earth was warmer than present. The proxy record
suggests a substantially warmer climate in the Arctic and high northern
latitudes with a rapid and early warming of terrestrial sites and
melting of Arctic glaciers. We encourage contributions dealing with
proxy evidence of the climate of the last interglacial for all regions
of the Earth, as well as the abrupt climate change going into 5e. We
equally encourage submissions dealing with theoretical and modeling
studies aiming to understand the forcings and feedbacks describing the
climate system of the last interglacial and its preceding deglaciation.
Conveners:
Gifford H. Miller, University of Colorado, Department of Geological
Sciences 2200 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel:
303-492-6962, Fax: 303-492-2606, email: gmiller@colorado.edu, and
Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850
Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 303-497-1723, Fax:
303-497-1348, email: ottobli@ucar.edu, and Jonathan T. Overpeck,
University of Arizona, Institute for the Study of Planet Earth 715 N.
Park Ave, 2nd Floor, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA, Tel: 520-622-9065, Fax:
520-792-8795, email: jto@u.arizona.edu
PP11 Global, Hemispheric and Regional Climate Signals During the Last Millennium
Signals from anthropogenic climate change are superposed on a wide
spatiotemporal array of natural climate variability. While a
significant component of this variability is internally generated by
the complex interaction of climate system processes, a nontrivial part
is forced and stimulated by external forcings. Signal separation of
forced variations and identification of interactions between them and
the general modes of climate are crucial for our understanding of the
climate system facing a rapid increase in greenhouse gases. This
session offers a platform to discuss recent developments in analysis of
proxy networks and climate modeling studies focusing on the detection
and separation of signals from the important factors responsible for
climate variations during the past millennium or so. Particular
emphasis is given to the identification of spatiotemporal
characteristics from individual and combinations of natural forcing
factors. This includes questions regarding modifications of internal
modes of climate by external forcing factors across different
timescales. Additionally, contributions addressing the importance of
significant regional anomalies on hemispheric and global scale climate
are welcome. Examples include the different spatial and temporal scales
of the so-called "Medieval Warm Period" and Little Ice Age episodes,
how they are expressed in proxy and model data, the temporal coherence
with spatial forcing fingerprints as well as additivity characteristics
of individual forcing components, and identification of previously
underestimated factors.
Conveners:
Caspar Michael Ammann,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Division
1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80307-3000 USA, Tel: 303-497-1705, Fax: 303-497-1348, email: ammann@ucar.edu, and
Philippe Naveau,
University of Colorado, Department of Applied Mathematics
ECOT 231, Boulder, CO 80309-0526 USA, Tel: 303-492-4152, email: naveau@colorado.edu
PP12 Evolution of Earth's Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect is a measure of how efficiently Earth's atmosphere
traps longwave radiation escaping to space. The efficiency of the
greenhouse effect is essential to understanding Earth's climate. The
strength of the greenhouse effect depends on the amount and
distribution of effective greenhouse gases, the temperature of the
planet, and clouds. Thus this effect is an excellent way to summarize a
number of key climate variables. The magnitude of the present-day
greenhouse effect has been determined through a combination of surface
and satellite observations. An important question for understanding
past climates is how Earth's greenhouse effect has evolved over
geologic time. This session will focus on key factors that determine
the magnitude and evolution of Earth's greenhouse effect. Abstracts on
estimates of levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor for
past conditions are solicited. Climate model simulations of the
magnitude and evolution of Earth's greenhouse effect are encouraged.
Comparison of these past greenhouse effects to projected future effects
will also be considered.
Conveners:
Jeffrey T. Kiehl, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850
Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 303-497-1350, Fax:
303-497-1348, email: jtkon@ucar.edu, and Lisa C. Sloan, University of
California Santa Cruz, Department of Earth Sciences 1156 High St.,
Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Tel: 831-459-3693, Fax: 831-459-3074, email:
lcsloan@emerald.ucsc.edu
PP13 Rapid Climate Change during the Holocene and Last Glacial
During rapid climate changes, components of the climate system switch
from one distinct mode to another, often over a period of decades or
less. This session will focus on evidence for these transitions during
the last glacial period and the Holocene and their possible causes. We
solicit contributions that document the spatial and temporal patterns
of these events, either in paleoclimate proxy records or instrumental
records. Model simulations that investigate thresholds in the climate
system or possible feedbacks are also encouraged.
Conveners:
Carrie Morrill, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P. O. Box
3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA, Tel: 303-497-1375, email:
morrill@ucar.edu, and John Chiang, University of California -
Berkeley, , , USA, email: jchiang@atmos.berkeley.edu
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
U02 The Contributions of 20 Years of Scientific Ocean Drilling
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of Atmospheric Gases
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
OS04 Late Pleistocene and Holocene Paleoceanographic Variability Along the Pacific Margin of North America
OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Past, Present, and Future
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas Hydrate From Around the Globe
T15 Late Cenozoic Tectonics, Climate, and Topography in the Central and Southern Andes
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive, Translator, and Facilitator
C02 Advances in Glacier Geophysics
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
GC01 Reconstructing Hydroclimatic Variability in North America: Progress, Methods, and Uncertainties
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
C08 Glaciers and Ice Sheets
S00 General Seismology Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Seismology may be submitted to
this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of
the approved, preorganized Seismology sessions. General contributions
will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed
based on the content of the abstracts received. The Seismology Section
is concerned with the study of Earth's internal structure and dynamics,
and the physical phenomena that cause earthquakes and other sources of
vibration in Earth. Seismologists use seismic waves to probe Earth's
internal structure, applying fundamentals of wave propagation in
complex media. Exciting topics at the forefront of seismological
research include the structure and dynamics of the Earth's inner core,
the seismic structure of the lithosphere, and the nucleation process of
large earthquakes. Seismology attracts considerable public interest
and support because of its contributions to society in mitigating
earthquake hazards, monitoring nuclear explosions both for military
intelligence and arms control, and finding oil.
Conveners:
Jeffrey Park,
Yale University, Department of Geology and Geophysics
PO Box 208109
210 Whitney Ave, New Haven, CT 06520-8109 USA, Tel: 203-432-3172, Fax: 203-432-3134, email: jeffrey.park@yale.edu, and
David Wald,
U.S. Geological Survey, , Golden, CO 80226 USA, Tel: 303-273-8441, email: wald@usgs.gov
S01 Novel Ways for Analyzing the Seismic Coda
Traditionally, coda waves have been used to estimate the statistical
properties of the small-scale heterogeneity of the crust and mantle.
Recently, new ways to analyze multiply scattered waves have become
available through a cross-fertilization of geophysics, ultrasonics,
mathematics, and experimental and theoretical physics. These new
techniques include the extraction of the coherent wave from the coda,
the partitioning of energy among P and S waves, superresolution in
imaging, and monitoring temporal change with coda wave interferometry.
This session aims at providing a platform for sharing new methods in
the analysis of coda waves and their application to the geosciences.
Contributions from other fields are encouraged in order to create a
multidisciplinary session.
Conveners:
Roel Snieder, Center for Wave Phenomena/Colorado School of Mines,
1500 Illinois Str., Golden, CO 80401 USA, Tel: 303.273.3456, Fax:
303.273.3478, email: rsnieder@mines.edu, and Michel Campillo,
Universite Joseph Fourier, , , FRA, email:
michel.campillo@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr, and Fehler Michael, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, , , USA, email: fehler@lanl.gov
S02 The Fate of Seismic Waves: Measurement and Interpretation of Q of the Earth
Seismic Q is a parameter that is important both in our inference of the
temperature, composition, and fluid content of the Earth's interior and
in the practice of hazard mitigation and seismic source
inversion/discrimination. Measurement of depth and lateral variations
of seismic Q has been a relatively slowly evolving subject owing to the
difficulties caused by effects of the fine-scale velocity structure on
seismic amplitudes. Additionally, Q is a function of frequency, and
laboratory measurements of it are often conducted at nonseismic
frequencies. Abstracts that report seismic and laboratory measurements
of Q in the Earth's interior at all depths are welcome, as are
numerical/theoretical modelings. The emphasis of the session in on the
the current measurement uncertainties and, given these uncertainties,
how the measured Q values may be used in basic and applied geophysics.
Conveners:
Jiakang Xie,
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia Univ., 61 Route 9W
, Palisades, NY 10964 USA, Tel: (845)365-8553, Fax: (845)365-8150, email: xie@ldeo.columbia.edu, and
Linda Warren,
University of California, San Diego, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics 0225
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA, Tel: 858-534-8119, Fax: 858-534-5332, email: lwarren@ucsd.edu
S03 Earthquake Hazards of Greater Tokyo: Eighty Years After Kanto
Tokyo and its outlying cities are home to almost one quarter of Japan's
127 million people. In the fall of 1923, the region suffered one of the
world's most terrible earthquakes, which destroyed two thirds of Tokyo
and all of Yokohama, caused $68 billion in property damage, and killed
143,000 people. Today, the population of greater Tokyo is 6 times
larger than it was in 1923. How likely is a repeat of the Kanto
earthquake, or are other types and locations of destructive earthquakes
more probable today? New seismic reflection, continuous GeoNet GPS,
broadband network, historical earthquake relocations, paleoseismic, and
stress-triggering investigations encourage a reassessment of the
hazards faced by this great city. What makes Tokyo's earthquake threat
uniquely challenging is the occurrence of great earthquakes (such as
the 1703 M=8.2 and 1923 M=7.9 events) at the junction of two subduction
zones, as well as large earthquakes within the subducting slab and in
the upper crust. What makes it a rich source of research, however, is
the quality of the modern observations and the longevity of its
historical seismic and geodetic records. Presentation of all research
bearing on earthquake hazards near Tokyo is welcomed.
Conveners:
Ross S. Stein, U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, MS 977,
Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650 329 4840, Fax: 650 329 5143, email:
rstein@usgs.gov, and Shinji Toda, Active Fault Research Center
(AIST), Site C7 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8567 JPN, Tel:
81-29-861-3743, Fax: 81-29-852-3461, email: s-toda@aist.go.jp, and
Yoshimitsu Okada, Nat. Research Inst. for Earth Sci. & Disaster
Prevention (NIED), Tennnodai 3-1, Tsukuba, 305-0006 JPN, Tel:
81-298-51-1611, Fax: 81-298-51-5658, email: okada@bosai.go.jp
S04 Earthquake Location: Applications and Developments of New Techniques
Earthquake locations traditionally have been estimated from linearized
inversion of individual arrival time picks, using layered seismic
velocity models. Routine catalogs relied upon single hypocenter
locations or, at best, joint hypocenter determination using raw picks.
Uncertainty information was limited to estimates based on RMS
minimization with ad hoc weighting of arrival time errors. Recent
advances in computing power, developments of new, nonlinear techniques,
increasing implementation of three-dimensional velocity models, and
flexible approaches to station corrections, though, have pushed
earthquake location beyond traditional hypocenter estimation. Today,
earthquake location may involve cross-correlation time measurements,
complex three-dimensional velocity models, determination of
high-precision, relative earthquake locations, array processing and
semblance techniques, and the definition of multidimensional
uncertainty volumes using a variety of functional minimization
approaches. In this session we encourage abstracts dealing with
application and/or development of new techniques in earthquake location
on all scales. We also welcome abstracts on the development of complex,
three-dimensional velocity models and adaptive station correction
approaches for earthquake location. We strongly encourage abstracts
that apply new location methods to provide more reliable routine
hypocenter locations, thus increasing the quality of routine earthquake
reporting, particularly for nonoptimal network configurations, to
improve delineation of seismogenic source volumes, and to provide more
robust ground-truth locations.
Conveners:
Stephan Husen, Swiss Seismological Service, ETH-Hoenggerberg,
Zurich, 8093 CHE, Tel: +41-1-633-2622, Fax: +41-1-633-1065, email:
shusen@mines.utah.edu, and Charlotte A. Rowe, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, EES-11, M.S. D-408, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel:
(505)665-6404, Fax: (505)667-8487, email: char@lanl.gov
S05 Stress Transfer, Triggered Earthquakes, and Time-Dependent Seismic Hazard
Over the past 10 years, it has become clear that very small stress
perturbations can trigger earthquakes. Research in the field has
progressed to the consideration of how estimated stress changes can be
used to assess time-dependent seismic hazard, with techniques for the
latter ranging from qualitative identification of areas of enhanced or
diminished likelihood of large aftershocks or mainshocks to computing
probability changes on major frictional faults subjected to sudden
stress changes. From a nonlinear perspective, however, triggered events
are a natural outcome of a system's sensitivity to small perturbations,
and hence quantification of any relation between stress change and
seismic hazard may be very difficult. The aim of this session is to
bring together researchers from different perspectives, as well as end
users and experts in seismic hazard, to discuss the physics of
earthquake triggering and to explore the confidence with which we can
estimate time-dependent seismic hazard.
Conveners:
Sandy Steacy,
University of Ulster, Geophysics Research Group
Cromore Road
, Coleraine, BT52 1SA IRL, Tel: 44 (0)28 7032 4242, Fax: 44 (0)28 7032 4911, email: s.steacy@ulster.ac.uk, and
Joan Gomberg,
US Geological Survey, 3876 Central Ave Ste 2, Memphis, TN 38152-3050 USA, Tel: 901-678-4858, email: gomberg@ceri.memphis.edu
S06 New Views of Seismic Hazard in Cascadia
This session will focus into new insights on seismic hazards along the
Cascadia margin. We encourage presentations focusing on new results
that address hazards posed by large crustal, in-slab, and megathrust
earthquakes, and that reveal their interactions. These abstracts might
include those describing the detailed distribution of crustal strain as
well as those describing silent or "slow" earthquakes along the
subduction zone as revealed by continuous GPS measurements and
nonvolcanic tremor, studies of the hydrated forearc upper mantle and
its implication for dehydration metamorphism of the subducting oceanic
slab, studies of the Nisqually earthquake and other large historic
intraslab earthquakes, new views of the upper crustal structure in
actively deforming fold and thrust belts, studies of seismicity
patterns and the state of stress in the underthrust and overriding
plates, and studies which provide estimates of coseismic displacements
for past (and future) megathrust earthquakes. Likewise we encourage
presentations that merge the turbidite and onshore records of past
large megathrust earthquakes, summaries of paleoseismic studies of
crustal faults, and papers discussing the interactions of these crustal
faults with intraslab and megathrust ruptures.
Conveners:
Thomas Mark Brocher,
U.S. Geological Survey, MS 977
345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-4737, Fax: 650-329-5163, email: brocher@usgs.gov, and
Andrew J. Calvert,
Simon Fraser University, Dept. of Earth Sciences
8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 CAN, Tel: 604-291-5511, Fax: 604-291-5511, email: acalvert@sfu.ca
S07 Crustal Seismic Anisotropy as a Measure of Tectonic Deformation
The presence of shear or metamorphic foliations in fault zones and
metamorphic terranes can serve as indicators of intracrustal
deformation in a manner analogous to lattice preferred orientation of
olivine produced by mantle shear. As a result, mapping the lateral and
vertical extent of terranes exhibiting seismic anisotropy ("anisotropic
terranes") may define the breadth and magnitude of crustal tectonic
processes. However, the crust is internally heterogeneous with
structures that have a broad range of geometries and orientations.
This session will examine the detection, resolution, and quantification
of anisotropy within the crust using seismological data from
teleseismic Ps converted phases, intracrustal earthquakes, and active
sources. Topics include material anisotropy of crustal rocks,
deformational processes which create fabrics, scale and regionality of
these fabrics, fracture fields associated with deformation, theoretical
considerations for propagation in heterogeneous or complex anisotropic
earth, examples of observation in diverse types of data, and future
targets and experiment designs (using facilities such as PASSCAL or
Earthscope).
Conveners:
David Okaya,
Univ. Southern California, Dept. Earth Sciences
USC
, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740 USA, Tel: 1-(213)740-7452, Fax: 1-(213)740-0011, email: okaya@usc.edu, and
Nik Christensen,
Univ. Wisconsin, Dept. Geological Sciences
Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA, Tel: 1-(608)265-4469, Fax: 1-(608)263-0693, email: chris@geology.wisc.edu
S08 Subduction and Lithospheric Deformation in South America
The study of subduction and crustal deformation in South America has
been advanced in recent years by the acquisition of new data and the
application of new techniques. The interplay between the subducting
slab and the South American lithosphere is intriguing not only for its
implications in the Andean Cordillera but also for its potential as a
modern analog to the western United States. This session aims to
synthesize research from a wide variety of disciplines that address
subduction related processes and lithospheric deformation in South
America. We seek abstracts from a wide variety of fields including
geology, geophysics, geodesy, geochemistry, structural geology, and
remote sensing. Contributions from new methodologies such as INSAR or
new data sets are particularly encouraged.
Conveners:
Susan L. Beck, University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences Gould
Simpson Building, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA, Tel: 520 621-4827, Fax: 520
621-2672, email: beck@geo.arizona.edu, and James N. Kellogg,
University of South Carolina, Department of Geological Sciences,
Columbia, SC 29208 USA, Tel: 803 777-4501, Fax: 803 777-9233, email:
kellogg@sc.edu, and Lara Wagner, University of Arizona, Department
of Geosciences Gould Simpson Building, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA, Fax: 520
621-2672, email: lwagner@geo.arizona.edu
S09 Strong Ground Motion Prediction
Many
highly populated urban regions around the world are also located in
areas of high seismic potential (e.g., Taiwan, Japan, western United
States, and Mexico). The hazard in these regions spans all types of
earthquake rupture, including crustal (shallow and buried), interplate
(subduction), and intraplate (Benioff) events. Given the high
statistical probability of earthquake occurrence in these seismically
active regions, it is likely that a major earthquake will occur near
one or more of these dense population centers within the next few
decades. Minimizing the damaging effects of these future earthquakes
will rely heavily on our ability to accurately and reliably estimate
the ground shaking expected during these events. A key component of
this process is the development and validation of strong ground motion
prediction methodologies. This session will cover the following aspects
of strong ground motion prediction: (1) characterization of source
rupture processes based on earthquake source dynamics, observational
evidence and geological information; (2) characterization of subsurface
geologic structure and seismic velocity models for the purpose of
strong ground motion prediction; (3) validation of prediction
methodologies through the modeling of strong ground motions from past
earthquakes; and (4) estimation of strong ground motions for various
types of scenario earthquakes.
Conveners:
Robert Graves, URS Corporation, 566 El Dorado Street, 2nd Floor,
Pasadena, CA 91101 USA, Tel: 626-449-7650, Fax: 626-449-3536, email:
robert_graves@urscorp.com, and Tomotaka Iwata, DPRI, Kyoto
University, , , JPN, email: iwata@egmdpri01.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp,
and Hiroshi Kawase, Kyushu University, , , JPN, email:
kawase@arch.kyushu-u.ac.jp
S10 The Energy Budget of the “Earthquake Machine”
Earthquakes result from the release of elastic strain energy, but to
date, there is no consensus on how this energy is consumed during
rupture. Energy is required to extend the rupture surface, overcome
frictional resistance to fault slip, and radiate seismic waves.
Debates concerning the relative magnitudes of these energy components
often range over an order of magnitude or more, despite continual
improvements in observational capability. Of these four energies, only
the radiated energy can be measured directly using seismic data, and
even for this component there is considerable measurement uncertainty.
For the other three energy components, estimates are unavoidably much
less direct, often involving controversial assumptions. Arguably, the
least understood of these components is the surface energy associated
with extending the rupture, often referred to as the fracture energy.
Progress in our understanding of the earthquake energy budget requires
multidisciplinary research efforts to resolve these components. We
encourage contributions from various fields including laboratory rock
mechanics, geological and geochemical investigations of exhumed fault
zones, borehole investigations, and seismology.
Conveners:
Rachel E. Abercrombie, Department of Earth Sciences, Boston
University, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 USA, Tel: 617 358
2571, Fax: 617 353 3290, email: rea@bu.edu, and Art McGarr, US
Geological Survey, MS 977, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025
USA, Tel: 650 329 5645, Fax: 650 329 5163, email: mcgarr@usgs.gov
S11 The African Superswell Province: From Core to Crust
The structure, evolution, and dynamics of southern and eastern Africa
continue to be topics of great interest to a broad spectrum of
geoscientists. Recent results suggest that deep-seated processes play a
key role in the tectonic development of this region of the world. At
the same time, rift structures in the East African lithosphere are the
standard to which all other rifts are compared. The aim of this
session is to investigate interactions between mantle flow and
continental lithosphere and their implications for the distribution of
strain, uplift, and magmatism across the African Superswell. This
session will bring together a wide range of researchers and foster the
integrated analysis of complementary data sets required to understand
this complex and intriguing region.
Conveners:
Cindy Ebinger, Royal Holloway University of London, Department of
Geology, Egham, TW20 0EX GBR, Tel: 44 (0) 1784 443890, Fax: 44 (0)
1784 471 780, email: c.ebinger@gl.rhul.ac.uk, and Tanya Furman,
Penn State University, Department of Geosciences 403 Deike Building ,
University Park, PA 16802 USA, Tel: 814-865-5782, Fax: 814-863-7823,
email: furman@geosc.psu.edu, and Simon Klemperer, Stanford
University, Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences
Mitchell Building, Room 353 , Palo Alto, CA 94305-2215 USA, Tel: (650)
723-8214, Fax: (650) 725-7344, email: sklemp@stanford.edu, and G.
Randy Keller, University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Geological
Sciences 500 W. University , El Paso, TX 79968 USA, Tel: 915-747-5850,
Fax: 915-747-5073, email: keller@geo.utep.edu, and Andrew Nyblade,
Penn State University, Department of Geosciences 447 Deike Building ,
University Park, PA 16802 USA, Tel: (814) 863-8341, email:
andy@geosc.psu.edu, and Peter Maguire, University of Leicester,
Department of Geology , Leicester, LE1 7RH GBR, Tel: 44
(0)116-252-3810, email: pkm@le.ac.uk
S12 Three-Dimensional Computational Waveform Modeling and Applications
This session will focus on the current capabilities and applications of
full numerical modeling of elastic and electromagnetic waves in
arbitrarily complex three-dimensional media. The recent advances in
computing power and in parallel computation have made three-dimensional
finite difference and finite element computation accessible to a larger
community of modelers addressing seismic and electromagnetic wave
propagation on various scales. Areas of interest include parallel
computation and model parameterization, including treatment of
interfaces, model boundaries, grid design, pseudospectral, and
incorporation of intrinsic attenuation.
Conveners:
Thomas S Anderson, ERDC-CRREL USACE, 72 Lyme Rd , Hanover, NH 03755
USA, Tel: 603-646-4751, Fax: 603-646-4640, email:
thomas.s.anderson@erdc.usace.army.mil, and Vernon F Cormier,
University of Connecticut, 354 Mansfield rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA, Tel:
860-486-1391, Fax: 860-486-1383, email: cormier@uconn.edu
S13 Scale-Frequency Phenomena and Earth Structure
Our view of the Earth depends very much upon the frequencies and
wavelengths used. The view is also dependent upon the type of wave
motion being considered. Which view is correct? Resolving the issues
of a single Earth model is the topic of this meeting. How can
vertical reflection data be reconciled with wide-angle reflection data?
They are different experiments and yield distinct views of the Earth.
How can surface wave and body wave data be integrated with laboratory
measurements on rock samples and data at other scales? How can
velocity models based upon earthquake studies be integrated with
higher-frequency measurements made in deep boreholes? All of the
problems require an understanding of the basic physical mechanisms that
affect wave propagation. A call for abstracts is made on the above
topic of relating physical measurements at different frequencies and/or
using different experiments or wave types. Abstracts reporting on the
theoretical understanding (forward or inverse problems) or experimental
observations related to this topic are encouraged. The goal is find
the link between the different types of measurements that will lead to
a consistent interpretation of the Earth's structure.
Conveners:
Evgeni M Chesnokov, Sarkeys Energy Center, University of Oklahoma, 100
E.Boyd Avenue,Rm. 522, Norman, OK 73019 USA, Tel: (405)-325-7985, Fax:
(405)325-3180, email: echesnok@ou.edu, and Jerry M Harris, Stanford
University, 397 Panama Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA, Tel:
(650)-723-0496, Fax: (650)213-9493, email: harris@pangea.Stanford.EDU,
and Raymon L Brown, Oklahoma Geological Survey, 100 E. Boyd, Rm N114,
Norman, OK 73019 USA, Tel: (405)325-3031, Fax: (405)325-3180, email:
raybrown@ou.edu
S14 Earthquake Alerting Systems: From Rapid Hazard Determination to Societal Response
Short-term seismic hazard mitigation is provided by earthquake early
warning systems which offer seconds to tens of seconds of warning of
pending ground motion. Various approaches to hazard determination have
been developed for different earthquake prone regions including Mexico,
Japan, Taiwan, and the United States. Effective warning systems also
require integrated alerting, response, and educational programs to
ensure the warning is received and understood. In this session we will
bring together researchers interested in all aspects of earthquake
early warning. We encourage abstracts on topics including, but not
limited to, earthquake nucleation processes, event detection, ground
motion prediction, hazard communication, earthquake engineering, and
control engineering. We aim to compare strategies from different
regions and broaden interdisciplinary understanding.
Conveners:
Richard M Allen,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. Geology and Geophysics
1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA, Tel: 608-262-7513, Fax: 608-262-0693, email: rallen@geology.wisc.edu, and
Yih-Min Wu,
Central Weather Bureau, Taiwan, Seismological Center
64 Kung Yuan Road, Taipei, 100 TWN, Tel: +886-2-2349-1166, Fax: +886-2-2349-1178, email: ym.wu@socmail.cwb.gov.tw
S15 Mechanical Strength of the Continental Lithosphere
How mechanical strength of the continental lithosphere varies with depth
is an issue central to a wide range of interdisciplinary topics. For
instance, the concept that a weak, ductile lower crust overlies a
strong lithospheric mantle has led to diverse ideas such as linking
climate changes to posttectonic magmatism, hydration of the mantle
during continental breakup, and mechanisms for wholesale uplift of
plateaus. Consequently, there are renewed interests in examining the
basic tenets of continental rheology, and this session will provide a
forum of wide perspective, bringing together latest findings such as
intracontinental earthquakes, rheological effects of volatiles and
partial melts, and geodynamic modeling of relevant data sets. We
welcome abstracts that constrain the mechanical strength of the deep
lithosphere under continental landmasses using in situ geophysical
observations (such as surface deformation, lithospheric bending,
earthquakes and seismic imaging, gravity, and heat flow), experimental
rock mechanics, and petrographic and structural studies of naturally
deformed rocks. We are particularly interested in comparing results,
implications, and inferences drawn from different methods to identify
key issues. Our goal is to promote interdisciplinary integration of
results that will lead to the next generation of rheological models for
the continental lithosphere.
Conveners:
Wang-Ping Chen,
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1301 W. Green St., 245 NHB
Department of Geology, MC-102, Urbana, IL 61801 USA, Tel: 217 333-2744, Fax: 217 244-4996, email: wpchen@uiuc.edu, and
Brian Evans,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bldg. 54-718
Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences
77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Tel: 617 253-2856, email: brievans@mit.edu
S16 Seismic Hazards in the Great Basin
With the rapid population growth in areas along the margins of the Great
Basin (e.g., Reno-Carson City, Las Vegas, and Wasatch Front), and
development of the nation's first repository for nuclear waste, the
importance of understanding earthquake hazards and associated risks in
the Great Basin has grown substantially in the past decade. The
existence of hundreds of active faults distributed throughout the
region with recurrence intervals ranging from more than 100,000
thousand years to thousands of years poses significant challenges in
terms of their characterization for hazard assessment, but also the
societal response to large infrequent earthquakes. The fact that most
of the major urban centers in the Great Basin are located in
sedimentary basins also requires special attention to characterizing
these basins and their site response to strong ground shaking. This
session will highlight the multidisciplinary nature of recent seismic
hazard studies in the Great Basin as well as related studies in
seismotectonics, paleoseismology, structural geology, seismology, and
geophysics.
Conveners:
Catherine M. Snelson, Geoscience Department, University of Nevada Las
Vegas, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, MS 4010, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4010 USA, Tel:
702-895-2916, Fax: 702-895-4064, email: csnelson@unlv.edu, and Ivan G.
Wong, Seismic Hazards Group, URS Corporation, 500 12th St., Suite 200,
Oakland, CA 94607 USA, Tel: 510-874-3014, email: Ivan_Wong@urscorp.com
S17 Theories of Earth's Interior
Seismologists and allied geoscientists attempt to formulate a
comprehensive theory of whole-Earth dynamics by linking disparate
evidence from seismic tomography, thermal convection calculations, the
geoid, mineral physics, mantle petrology, and geochemistry. Throughout
his long, illustrious career, Don Anderson has embraced holistic Earth
science in innovative and iconoclastic ways. From the geologic
back-story of PREM to the importance of seismic anisotropy, his ideas
have stimulated the growth of many geophysical pearls. On the occasion
of Don Anderson's 70th birthday, this session encourages contributions
that offer fresh perspectives on the workings of Earth's interior.
Conveners:
Raymond Jeanloz,
University of California, Berkeley, 307 McCone Hall
Department of Geology
, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: (510)642-2639, Fax: (510)643-9980, email: jeanloz@uclink.berkeley.edu, and
Miaki Ishii,
Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street
Dept of Earth and Planetary Science, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, email: ishii@seismology.harvard.edu
S18 The 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake: Observations and Implications
The Denali fault is perhaps the most significant crustal fault in Alaska.
It is seismically active, has a record of Holocene offset, and arcs through
Alaska, slicing the rugged Alaska Range and bounding the precipitous north
face of Mount McKinley, the highest peak in North America.
The Mw 7.9 2002 Denali fault earthquake was the largest on-land strike slip
earthquake in the United States since 1857. It ruptured three related faults
of the Denali fault system, with a total of 340 km of surface rupture. The
earthquake began on the Susitna Glacier thrust fault, then ruptured a
long stretch of the central Denali fault before jumping to the Totschunda
fault. It was preceded by an Mw 6.7 earthquake on the Denali fault, and
was followed by an aftershock sequence with the largest aftershock being
an Mw 5.8 event 20 minutes after the main shock.
This sessions solicits abstracts documenting observations of the
earthquake and the faults involved, and discussing the implications of
this earthquake for the tectonics of Alaska, and for similar faults
elsewhere.
Conveners:
Peter J Haeussler, U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 University Dr.,
Anchorage, AK 99508 USA, Tel: +1-907-786-7447, Fax: +1-907-786-7401,
email: pheuslr@usgs.gov, and Roger Hansen, University of Alaska,
Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute 903 Koyukuk Drive, P.O. Box 757320,
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 USA, Tel: +1-907-474-5533, Fax:
+1-907-474-5618, email: roger@giseis.alaska.edu, and Doug
Christensen, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute
903 Koyukuk Drive, P.O. Box 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 USA, email:
doug@giseis.alaska.edu
Seismology also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
T02 Seismotectonics of the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area
U03 Recent Infrasound Studies, Phenomena, and Development
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental, and Observational Constraints
G03 High-Rate GPS: Infrastructure and Applications
G05 Before PBO: What Do We Know?
G12 Insights Into the Earthquake Cycle
T03 Earthquake Geology and Hazards of East Asia
T07 Analysis of Plate Boundary Deformation Using Stress and Strain Rate Data in Tandem
T10 Structure and Dynamics of Oceanic Upper Mantle
T11 At the Seismogenic Front: Dynamic Processes at Convergent Margins
T12 Ground and Space Methods for Monitoring EM Preearthquake Phenomena
T05 Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Processes and Progress
T13 Drilling at the Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O)
V11 Rift Zones on Volcanic Islands: Structure, Evolution, and Magmatic Processes
NG05 Space-Time Pattern Discovery and Forecasting in Complex Fault Networks
NG06 From Microscale to Macroscale: Models for
Material Damage Mechanics and Earth System Dynamics, and Their Relation
to Seismicity and Earthquakes
NG07 Critical Point Theory of Earthquake Precursors
T04 Causes and Consequences of Lateral Heterogeneity in the Earth's Mantle
T14 New Views of the Structure and Composition of the Deep Earth
SA00 General SPA-Aeronomy Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to SPA-Aeronomy may be submitted to
this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of
the approved, preorganized SPA-Aeronomy sessions. General
contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions
will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
Conveners:
Stanley C. Solomon,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, High Altitude Observatory
3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA, Tel: 303-497-2179, Fax: 303-497-1589, email: stans@ucar.edu
SA01 Energy and Momentum Balance in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: Results From the TIMED Mission
The Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)
satellite and its ground-based partners have been performing
measurements of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere since January
2002, including the density, temperature, winds, and composition of
this region, as well as simultaneous measurements of solar and auroral
energy inputs and atmospheric cooling rates. These data enable full
characterization of the MLT basic structure and its temporal and
spatial variability in response to changing energy inputs. This
session presents scientific results from the TIMED mission, including
measurement validation and collaborative studies with other satellite
and ground-based data sets. Studies that address the energy balance
between solar/auroral inputs and atmospheric heating and cooling rates,
and modeling and measurement of dynamical effects, are particularly
solicited.
Conveners:
Sam Yee, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns
Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA, Tel: (301)953-6206, Fax:
(301)953-6670, email: sam.yee@jhuapl.edu, and Jeffrey Forbes,
University of Colorado, , , USA, email: forbes@zeke.colorado.edu,
and Martin G. Mlynczak, NASA Langley Research Center, , , USA,
email: m.g.mlynczak@larc.nasa.gov, and Geoff Crowley, SouthWest
Research Institute, , , USA, email: crowley@picard.space.swri.edu
SA02 Phenomena of the Summer Mesosphere
The extratropical summer mesosphere is a complex atmospheric region,
with exotic phenomena (polar mesospheric clouds/noctilucent clouds,
polar mesospheric summertime echoes) and extreme temperatures (the
coldest of the planet), and is possibly a harbinger of global change.
This session encourages abstracts on observations (lidar, radar,
satellite) and modeling of mesospheric ice layers and their thermal,
chemical, dynamical, and electrical environment. Long-term trend
studies are also welcome. The session is dedicated to the memory of
Michael Gadsden, who contributed so much to the field.
Conveners:
Jeff Thayer,
SRI International, Center for Geospace Studies
333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-859-3557, Fax: 650-322-2318, email: thayer@sri.com, and
Gary Thomas,
University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
1234 Innovation Drive
UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel: 303-492-7022, Fax: 303-492-6946, email: gary.thomas@lasp.colorado.edu
SA03 Observations and Modeling of Small-Scale Processes in the High-Latitude E Region
This session will examine modification of Earth's high-latitude E region
by processes occurring over small spatial scales, especially those
associated with the aurora. There is mounting evidence that processes
occurring in the lower thermosphere over spatial scales much smaller
than a typical general circulation model's grid size can nevertheless
have large-scale consequences. Examples of such processes include Joule
heating, gravity waves, and vertical wind events. We encourage
contributions describing both observational and modeling studies. The
session is partly motivated by the recent launches of the HEX and JOULE
sounding rocket missions from Poker Flat, Alaska, in March 2003. These
missions returned high-resolution measurements of vertical winds and
Joule heating.
Conveners:
Mark Conde,
University of Alaska, Geophysical Institute
903 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA, Tel: +1-907-474-7347, Fax: +1-907-474-7290, email: Mark.Conde@gi.alaska.edu, and
Miguel Larsen,
Clemson University, Department of Physics
Clemson University
, Clemson, SC 29634 USA, Tel: +1.864.656.5309, Fax: +1.864.656.0805, email: mlarsen@clemson.edu
SA04 Meteors and the Mesopause
An
incessant but variable influx of meteors impinges on the atmosphere.
Most of these are in the form of microscopic particles that
disintegrate in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Their
constituents are the basis for the now well-known, though poorly
understood metal, layer that envelopes the mesopause. The purpose of
this session is to investigate the present state of knowledge of the
atmospheric meteor metal layer. This includes the seasonal variability
of meteor input and its possible influences on layer structure,
including the meteor ablation process; how meteoric materials affect
the chemistry of the MLT; and what effects, if any, the meteor
consituents themselves have on the climate of the MLT.
Conveners:
Jonathan Friedman,
NAIC, Arecibo Observatory
HC-03 Box 53995, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA, email: jonathan@naic.edu, and
Diego Janches,
Penn State University and NAIC, Arecibo Observatory
HC-03 Box 53995, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA, Tel: (787) 878-2612, Fax: (787) 878-1861, email: djanches@naic.edu
SPA-Aeronomy also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
A01 Chemistry and Dynamics of the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere
A06 Comparative Photochemical Modeling of Earth and Planetary Atmospheres
A07 Contributions to Middle Atmosphere Science by Solar Occultation Instrumentation
A09 Tropical Cirrus Anvils: Properties and Processes
SH04 Space Science Research With Societal Consequences
SH05 Abundance Variations in the Solar Corona, Solar Wind, and Solar Energetic Particles
SM01 Is a New Lexicon Required for High-Latitude Field-Aligned Current Systems?
SM03 The Electrodynamics of the Cusp and the Open/Closed Field Line Boundary Region, and the Cusp Ionosphere
SM04 Sun-to-Earth Elements and Linkages That Drive Geoeffectiveness
SM05 Jovian Magnetospheric Environment Science for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO)
SM06 Sun-Earth Connections: Linked Models
SM08 Exploring the Digital Geospace: Modern Methods of Spatial Data Analysis
T12 Ground and Space Methods for Monitoring EM Preearthquake Phenomena
AE04 Electrical Effects of Thunderstorms on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
SPA-Solar and Heliospheric Physics
SH00 General SPA-Solar and Heliospheric Physics Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to SPA-Solar and Heliospheric Physics
may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does
not fit into one of the approved, preorganized SPA-Solar and
Heliospheric Physics sessions. General contributions will be reviewed
by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the
content of the abstracts received.
Conveners:
Gary P. Zank, University of California, Institute of Geophysical
Planetary Physics Department, Riverside, CA 92521 USA, Tel:
909-787-3436, Fax: 909-787-4324, email: zank@ucrac1.ucr.edu
SH01 Total Solar Irradiance Monitoring: Results and Strategies
Total solar irradiance (TSI) observations spanning 25 years will have
occurred by the AGU's Fall 2003 meeting. The methods of relating the
series of satellite TSI monitoring experiments' results is the subject
of intense interest and debate among solar physicists and
climatologists because of an apparent luminosity trend during solar
cycles 21-23 and its implications for solar variability and climate
forcing. The traceability of the various TSI experiments to each other
and the composite TSI are at the forefront of present research. The
observational strategies and analytical methods required to sustain the
TSI database into the future are of crucial importance to this research
and very much the subject of current debate. Abstacts are solicited on
these topics in order to continue the active exchange of ideas begun
during previous AGU fall meetings.
Conveners:
Richard Clayton Willson,
Columbia University, 1001 B Ave.
Ste 200, Coronado, CA 92118 USA, Tel: 619-522-2945, email: rwillson@acrim.com
SH02 The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) and Related Remote-Sensing Heliospheric Observations
The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) was launched into a
Sun-synchronous 830 km orbit on the Coriolis Mission spacecraft on 6
January, 2003 and began returning images on 1 February. SMEI, designed
to measure heliospheric Thomson scattering brightness over the whole
sky, is a joint effort between UCSD, the University of Birmingham (UK),
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), the Air Force Research Laboratory
(AFRL), and Boston College, with funding from the AF, NASA, and the
University of Birmingham. The SMEI data are being refined to provide
photometric-quality all-sky maps of heliospheric brightness. For the
purpose of providing input for space weather forecasting, these data
will be made available to the scientific community and the public in
near real time. Early quick-look, subtraction sky maps from SMEI's
cameras demonstrate that SMEI can detect CMEs and image their structure
as they move outward from the Sun to elongations previously viewed only
crudely from the Helios spacecraft photometers. The SMEI team will
present its most recent SMEI results. We solicit related contributed
abstracts from the community on present and future remote-sensing
heliospheric observations.
Conveners:
Bernard Vernon Jackson, CASS/UCSD-0424, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA
92093-0424 USA, Tel: (858) 534-3358, Fax: (858) 534-0177, email:
bvjackson@ucsd.edu, and David F. Webb, Boston College, AFRL/VSBS 29
Randolph Rd. , Hanscom AFB, MA 01731-3010 USA, Tel: (781) 377-3086,
Fax: (781) 377-3160, email: webb@plh.af.mil, and George M. Simnett,
The University of Birmingham, Astrophysics and Space Research Group
Watson Building School of Physics and Astronomy The University of
Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT GBR, Tel: 44 121 414 6469, Fax: 44
121 414 3722, email: gms@star.sr.bham.ac.uk
SH03 The Termination Shock, Heliosheath, and Heliopause
Observations from spacecraft in the distant
heliosphere are revealing new and puzzling
phenomena. Some, or all, of these are probably
associated with the proximity of the spacecraft
to the solar wind termination shock, heliosheath,
or heliopause. We encourage contributed abstracts
dealing with the above mentioned topics.
Conveners:
Joe Giacalone, University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary
Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA, Tel: (520) 621-4396, Fax: (520)
626-8250, email: giacalon@lpl.arizona.edu, and J. R. (Randy) Jokipii,
University of Arizona, Department of Planetary Sciences, Tucson, AZ
85721 USA, Tel: (520) 621-4256, Fax: (520) 626-8250, email:
jokipii@lpl.arizona.edu
SH04 Space Science Research With Societal Consequences
Emerging technologies are more sensitive to conditions in the space
environment than ever before. These technical systems will
increasingly depend on basic space science research to effectively
mitigate against potential hazards in the space environment. This
session will focus on recent theoretical, numerical, and observational
studies that enhance our understanding of the connected Sun-Earth
system with an emphasis on those results that will directly improve the
ability to specify and forecast conditions in space. Topics include
predicting solar flares and energetic particle events, characterizing
of geomagnetic storms and the radiation belts, and determining
ionospheric and thermospheric structure and variability.
Conveners:
David Gary Sibeck,
NASA/HQ, Code S, Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel: 1-202-358-0727, Fax: 1-202-358-3987, email: dsibeck@hq.nasa.gov, and
Robert Robinson,
NSF, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22230 USA, Tel: 1-703-292-8529, Fax: 1-703-292-9022, email: rmrobins@nsf.gov, and
Vic Pizzo,
NOAA, 325 Broadway , Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 1-303-497-6608, Fax: 1-303-497-3645, email: vpizzo@sec.noaa.gov
SH05 Abundance Variations in the Solar Corona, Solar Wind, and Solar Energetic Particles
The Sun contains the bulk of solar system material, and spacecraft can
directly sample this material with optical observations of the corona
and in situ measurements of solar energetic particles and the solar
wind. Understanding the variability of the elemental, isotopic, and
charge-state composition of the corona, solar wind, and solar energetic
particles is crucial for determining how these samples originate from
the Sun's reservoir of largely unfractionated material, the outer
convective zone. High-resolution measurements of the composition of
coronal, solar wind, and energetic particles are increasingly
highlighting their variability. The abstracts in this session will not
only focus on our increased capabilities to observe and characterize
these variations with the instrumentation on spacecraft such as
Ulysses, Wind, SOHO, ACE, and RHESSI, but will also present theoretical
interpretations and consequences of this variability.
Conveners:
Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, IEAP, University of Kiel,
Leibnizstrasse 11, Kiel, 24118 DEU, Tel: + 49 431 880 3964, Fax: + 49
431 880 3968, email: wimmer@physik.uni-kiel.de, and Joseph Mazur,
The Aerospace Corporation, M2/259 2350 El Segundo Blvd., El Segundo, CA
90245-4691 USA, Tel: 310-336-2389, Fax: 310-563-3165, email:
joseph.mazur@aero.org, and Rick Leske, California Institute of
Technology, M/C 220-47, Downs Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA, Tel:
626-395-8400, Fax: 626-449-8676, email: ral@citsrl.srl.caltech.edu, and
John Raymond, Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., MS 15,
Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, Tel: 617-495-7416, Fax: 617-495-7049, email:
jraymond@cfa.harvard.edu
SH06 Physics of Eruptions in the Low Solar Atmosphere
Modern instruments (TRACE, RHESSI, MK4, SOHO, Yohkoh, BBSO, MICA) are
providing better observations of solar eruptions on or near the disk.
As new details are revealed, theorists are challenged to provide
quantitative explanations of the observed structures and their
evolution. Phenomena of interest include preeruption structures
(loops, filaments, active regions), initiation and acceleration of CMEs
in the near-Sun regime (1.0-6 R_Sun), and other observational
signatures of solar eruptive events. The purpose of this session is to
see what conclusions can be drawn from these new data. For example, do
the new data test or constrain previous theoretical ideas about flares
and CMEs? Do studies of the data suggest new avenues of theoretical
investigation? We solicit contributions that present new observational
results, new theoretical ideas and predictions, or quantitative
theoretical modeling of the data.
Conveners:
Jonathan Krall, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6794 4555 Overlook
Ave, SW, Washington, DC 20375-5346 USA, Tel: 202 404 7719, Fax: 202 767
0631, email: krall@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil, and Gareth R. Lawrence, NASA
Goddard SFC, MC 682 3 Bldg 26/Rm 001 , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel:
(301) 286 2941, Fax: (301) 286 0264, email: grl@kreutz.nascom.nasa.gov,
and Peter Gallagher, NASA GSFC, Lab Astronomy & Solar Physics
Code 682, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301) 309 1274, Fax: (301) 286
1617, email: peter.t.gallagher@gsfc.nasa.gov
SH07 Roles of Electromagnetic Waves in Reconnecting Space and Laboratory Plasmas
Magnetic reconnection is one of the long-outstanding physics phenomena,
which plays important roles in dynamics of both space and laboratory
plasmas. The physics mechanisms behind the observed fast reconnection
have been a subject of extensive research over the past several
decades. Recently, there has been growing interest in instabilities of
the reconnecting current sheet. At the same time, both electrostatic
and electromagnetic waves have been successfully detected in laboratory
plasmas and space plasmas during the process of fast reconnection.
Therefore it is timely to host a session on this topic at the AGU Fall
Meeting. Objectives of the proposed session are to provide a focused
platform for scientific exchange among scientists from both space and
laboratory communities. Theories and numerical simulations will play
an important role in bridging two communities together by provide a
unifying physics understanding. We expect an enthusiastic response to
the call of this session.
Conveners:
Hantao Ji, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, PO Box 451,
Princeton, NJ 08543-0451 USA, Tel: 609-243-2162, Fax: 609-243-2160,
email: hji@pppl.gov, and William Daughton, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, MS B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel: 505-665-4111,
email: daughton@lanl.gov, and Giovanni Lapenta, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, MS K717, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel: 505-667-4394,
email: lapenta@lanl.gov, and Tony Lui, Applied Physics Laboratory,
John Hopkins, , , USA, email: Tony.Lui@jhuapl.edu
SH08 Coronal Magnetic Fields: From Models to Measurements
Recent progress in physical modeling of the corona and in measuring
coronal magnetic fields have created the potential for major
breakthroughs in solar physics. New measurements of coronal magnetic
fields will first be reviewed. Predictions of the coronal magnetic
field from numerical models will then be examined. Furthermore,
constraints on the coronal magnetic field from heliospheric
observations will be discussed. The purpose of this session is to
combine these inputs and to discuss requirements for future routine
measurements of the solar corona and its magnetic field.
Conveners:
Thomas H Zurbuchen,
University of Michigan, Department of AO&SS
Space Research Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Tel: 734-647-6835, email: thomasz@umich.edu, and
Joan Burkpile,
High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, , , USA, email: iguana@hao.ucar.edu, and
Roberto Casini,
High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, , , USA, email: casini@ucar.edu, and
George Fisher,
University of California Berkeley, , , USA, email: fisher@ssl.berkeley.edu, and
Jeff Kuhn,
University of Hawaii, , , USA, email: kuhn@ifa.hawaii.edu
SH09 The Sun's Spectrum and Life on Earth
Earth receives its primary energy from the Sun in the form of
electromagnetic radiation that spans a wide range of wavelengths, from
the ultraviolet to the infrared. The atmosphere, surface, and oceans
transmit, absorb, reflect, and scatter this radiation in different ways
depending on wavelength. Changes in the Sun's radiation spectrum,
whose integral defines the total solar irradiance, are potential causes
of climate and global change via radiative and dynamical processes that
may include direct surface heating, altered circulation patterns and
cloud formation, modulation of ozone, and the North Atlantic
Oscillation. As a result, understanding and modeling a multitude of
terrestrial processes and their temporal variations depend upon
reliable knowledge of the Sun's spectrum and its variability. A new
generation of instrumentation that includes, for the first time, the
capability to measure the entire solar spectral irradiance
simultaneously with total irradiance, was launched recently on the
Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE). NPOESS will continue
operational measurements of TSI including the new spectral capability,
but not before 2012. One aim of this session is to convey the new
solar spectrum and variability results emerging from SORCE, in the
context of lessons learned from past and ongoing solar monitoring and
future needs. Equally important, the session aims to bring together
research from a wide variety of disciplines, which require precise
solar spectrum measurements. This session is dedicated to the memory
of Mikhail I. Budyko, author of "Climate and Life" and many other
works, who died recently at age 81, in St Petersburg, Russia, where he
directed the Division for Climate Change Research at the State
Hydrological Institute.
Conveners:
Gary Rottman, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics,
University of Colorado, Campus Box 590, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel: 303
492 8324, Fax: 303 492 6444, email: gary.rottman@lasp.colorado.edu, and
Robert Cahalan, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/913, , Greenbelt,
MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301 614 5390, Fax: 301 614 5493, email:
Robert.F.Cahalan@nasa.gov, and Judith Lean, Naval Research
Laboratory, MC 7673L, , Washington, DC 20375 USA, Tel: 202 767 5116,
Fax: 202 404 7997, email: jlean@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil
SPA-Solar and Heliospheric Physics also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
SM04 Sun-to-Earth Elements and Linkages That Drive Geoeffectiveness
SM06 Sun-Earth Connections: Linked Models
SM08 Exploring the Digital Geospace: Modern Methods of Spatial Data Analysis
SM00 General SPA-Magnetospheric Physics Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to SPA-Magnetospheric Physics may be
submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit
into one of the approved, preorganized SPA-Magnetospheric Physics
sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program
Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the
abstracts received.
Conveners:
Robert Strangeway,
UCLA IGPP, 2712 Geology Bldg.
405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA, Tel: 310-206-6247, Fax: 310-206-3051, email: strange@igpp.ucla.edu
SM01 Is a New Lexicon Required for High-Latitude Field-Aligned Current Systems?
Ever since the pioneering work on field-aligned currents (FAC) by Iijima
and Potemra in the mid-1970s, the terms Region 1 (R1) and Region 2 (R2)
have been in common use to describe the basic configuration of the FAC
systems linking the inner and outer magnetosphere with the polar
ionosphere. Later on, the terms Region 0 (R0) and NBZ were added to the
lexicon describing other features that had been observed by satellites
or reconstructed from ground-based data. These terms have been
sufficient in describing various components of the global,
three-dimensional FAC system, as seen in single-satellite passes
through one MLT sector. Works that are more recent have used magnetic
field measurements made by multiple satellite passes for deriving
global (but mainly polar) maps of the upward and downward current
patterns as a function of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF)
strength and direction. These maps show a more complex structure and
evolution in the FAC systems as the IMF vector rotates. Although the
basic R1/R2 and R0/NBZ patterns that were observed before can be still
seen, their definitions now appear to be more ambiguous. For example,
what might be considered as a R1 current footprint often wraps around,
through noon or midnight, connecting with either R2 or R0 currents,
without any obvious boundary line. Furthermore, the R0 currents can be
seen to evolve into the NBZ system, again without an obvious dividing
line. Thus the space physics community is now challenged by the
question of if the old terminology is still adequate, or if new
definitions and lexicon are required in describing the morphology and
evolution of various high-latitude field-aligned current systems.
Abstracts addressing this topic are encouraged.
Conveners:
Daniel Weimer,
Mission Research Corporation, 589 West Hollis Street, Suite 201
, Nashua, NH 03062-1323 USA, Tel: 603-886-8860 x211, Fax: 603-886-8861, email: dweimer@mrcnh.com, and
Vladimir Papitashvili,
Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward Street
, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel: 703-292-7417, Fax: 703-292-9079, email: papita@umich.edu
SM02 Dynamic Aurora: The Role of Alfvén Waves in I-M Coupling
Study of large-scale inverted V potential structures in auroral physics
has produced a mature understanding of their development and role in
I-M coupling. On the other hand, an appreciation for the development of
Alfvén-dominated aurora, their large associated energy fluxes into the
ITM system, and their role in I-M coupling has only recently emerged,
based on new in situ observations conducted with state-of-the-art
particle and field sensors. Alfvén-dominated auroras can carry
relatively large kinetic and electromagnetic energy flux into the ITM
system, yet they seem to be highly localized and dynamic. Some
Alfvén-dominated aurora may be connected to magnetospheric reconnection
sites and are associated with ion outflow. Most recently, several
studies have combined simultaneous in situ and optical techniques to
associate optical auroral forms with their particle and field
signatures. This session will focus on the current state of knowledge of
Alfvén waves in auroral physics and I-M coupling. Abstracts that focus
on either observations (in situ and remote) or modeling of auroral
Alfvén waves and their role in energy transfer, particle acceleration,
and I-M coupling are solicited.
Conveners:
Jim Spann,
NASA/MSFC, , Huntsville, AL 35812 USA, Tel: (256) 961-7512, email: jim.spann@nasa.gov, and
Craig Pollock,
SwRI, , San Antonio, TX 78228 USA, Tel: (210)522-3978, email: cpollock@swri.edu
SM03 The Electrodynamics of the Cusp and the Open/Closed Field Line Boundary Region, and the Cusp Ionosphere
The Earth's cusps constitute critical coupling links in space between
the ionosphere, the magnetosphere, and the magnetosheath and solar
wind. The cusp ionosphere is both a sink and a source region for
energy and particles that couple to other regions of the magnetosphere.
Further, the cusp ionosphere provides experimental signatures of these
processes, via ground measurements from radar and optical instruments,
as well in situ measurements on rockets launched from Spitzbergen,
Norway. Satellite measurements, such as those on DMSP, FAST, Polar,
and Cluster, add to the wealth of new experimental data, and are
particularly effective when combined with the ground-based
observations. Such experimental data provide new evidence of how the
plasma and electrodynamics change across the open/closed field line
boundary. This session focuses on both experimental and theoretical
advances in the cusp that address in particular
magnetospheric-ionospheric coupling and the electrodynamics of the
open/closed field line boundary region in the ionosphere.
Conveners:
Robert Pfaff, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 696,
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-286-6328, Fax: 301-286-1648, email:
rob.pfaff@gsfc.nasa.gov, and Per Even Sandholt, University of Oslo,
, , NOR, email: p.e.sandholt@fys.uio.no, and Tim Yeoman, Univ.
of Leicester, , , GBR, email: yxo@ion.le.ac.uk
SM04 Sun-to-Earth Elements and Linkages That Drive Geoeffectiveness
The capability now exists to observe the full radiative, chemical, and
dynamical consequences of solar events throughout the upper atmosphere
and identify processes that allow penetration of these effects to
lower altitudes. These observations provide the basis for an improved
view of atmospheric geoeffectiveness. Combining observations from
various satellite and ground-based instruments distributed at vantage
points throughout the Sun-Earth system and from data-driven models, we
can identify elements (some of them previously unappreciated) that
contribute to or enhance the geoeffectiveness of solar events at Earth.
We are only now beginning to understand the importance of juxtaposed
conditions (i.e., low solar wind density and an intense solar wind
superhalo; southward IMF and high solar wind dynamic pressure; CMEs
that lift off with high speed, etc.) and the complex response of the
coupled regions in geospace (moderate B_z south in CMEs, sawtooth
oscillations, and recurrent substorms; extreme excursions of B_z south
and saturation of the polar cap potential, etc.) that make this
geoeffectiveness difficult to predict. An enhanced understanding of
geoeffectiveness is critical to move beyond predictions that just
involve occurrence probability and overall storm intensity to details
of the range of upper atmospheric effects that are expected to result
from particular types of events at the Sun. The ongoing community
analysis of the 14-24 April 2002 events is based on these concepts, and
model/data comparisons that explain features of the events are one
focus of this session. We encourage abstracts that identify
geoeffective elements in portions of or over the entire Sun-Earth chain
through event/modeling studies, statistical analysis, or empirical
predictions.
Conveners:
Janet U. Kozyra, University of Michigan, Space Physics Research Lab
2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel: 734-647-3550, Fax:
734-647-3083, email: jukozyra@engin.umich.edu, and Nicola J. Fox,
Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Space Department (SRA) 11100
Johns Hopkins Road , Laurel, MD 20723 USA, Tel: 240-228-3529, Fax:
240-228-1641, email: nicola.fox@jhuapl.edu, and Elsayed R. Talaat,
Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd.,
Laurel, MD 20723-6099 USA, Tel: 240-228-3971, Fax: 240-228-6670, email:
elsayed.talaat@jhuapl.edu, and David F. Webb, ISR, Boston College, ,
, MA 01731-3030 USA, Tel: 781-377-3086, Fax: 781-377-3160, email:
david.webb@hanscom.af.mil
SM05 Jovian Magnetospheric Environment Science for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO)
The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) will provide unprecedented
opportunities for investigation of the Jovian magnetosphere and its
interactions with icy surfaces of Galilean moons, putative subsurface
oceans of these moons, Jupiter's upper atmosphere and rings, and the
interplanetary solar wind. Greatly increased power and telemetry will
enable new kinds of in situ and remote-sensing measurements. Many
months in orbit around each moon, and around Jupiter, will allow
long-term surveys of magnetic field, plasma, energetic particle,
neutral gas, dust, and electromagnetic components of local moon
environments and the large-scale magnetosphere. Abstracts are solicited
on magnetospheric science, instrumentation, and techniques for JIMO.
Conveners:
John F Cooper,
Raytheon Technical Services Company, LLC, Space Physics Data Facility, Code 632
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301) 286-1193, Fax: (301) 286-1771, email: jfcooper@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov, and
Krishan K Khurana,
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California at Los Angeles
405 Hilgard Ave.
, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA, Tel: (310) 825-8240, Fax: (310) 206-8042, email: kkhurana@igpp.ucla.edu
SM06 Sun-Earth Connections: Linked Models
In the era of Living With a Star (LWS), it is becoming increasingly
clear that our understanding of the Sun-Earth connections requires the
development of coupled models that provide linkage from the Sun to the
Earth’s atmosphere. Such models can be empirical, semiempirical, or
physics-based. Of particular interest for this session is the
development of "end-to-end" models, but contributions that discuss
models and approaches that treat just portions of the complete system
are also encouraged. Contributions that deal with the challenges of
coupling codes and data assimilation in the context of linked models
also are welcome.
Conveners: Daniel Baker, Laboratory for Atmospheric
and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA, Tel:
303-492-4509, Fax: 303-492-6444, email: Daniel.Baker@lasp.colorado.edu,
and Robert Clauer, University of Michigan, 1024 Space Research Lab
2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel: 734 763-6248,
Fax: 734 763-0437, email: rclauer@umich.edu
SM07 The Role of the Plasmasphere in Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Dynamics
The outer plasmasphere plays an important role in a variety of
ionospheric and magnetospheric processes both directly (in the form of
Coulomb scattering) and indirectly (as the site of ELF and ULF wave
generation). Recent observations have shown the direct connection of
the outer plasmasphere to midlatitude ionospheric density enhancements
and ring current loss during storms. In addition, several radiation
belt models invoke ULF/ELF waves generated at or near the plasmapause
to scatter and energize radiation belt particles. This session seeks
contributions of recent studies that demonstrate and clarify the role
of the plasmasphere in ionospheric and magnetospheric processes.
Conveners: Mark Moldwin, University of California, Los
Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 USA, Tel:
310-825-5556, email: mmoldwin@ucla.edu, and John Foster, Millstone
Hill Observatory, MIT Haystack Observatory Route 40 , Westford, MA
01886 USA, Tel: 781-981-5621, email: jcf@haystack.mit.edu
SM08 Exploring the Digital Geospace: Modern Methods of Spatial Data Analysis
Synoptic, long-term data sets from ongoing missions provide us with
continuous coverage of the dynamic events in the near-Earth space
environment, rather than the brief glimpses of the recent past. The
fusion between observational and numerical data is rapidly becoming
more comprehensive. Often the question is posed, What are the optimal
analysis methods to use for a given geospace plasma environment, and
which physics issues do they resolve? This session focuses on
cutting-edge techniques and ensuing important results that were
practically inconceivable a few years ago: (1) spatial and temporal
filtering; (2) data assimilation; (3) ensemble forecasting and
numerical perturbation analysis; (4) data mining; and (5)
visualization, including virtual reality tools. These nonlinear
methodologies produce qualitatively different information from
traditional techniques. They allow for a more complete coverage of the
four-dimensional configuration of plasma structures; insights into
their formation, composition, and decay; and ways to distinguish and
quantify the effects of simultaneous drivers in the same environment.
Such methods are expected to be highly significant as interdisciplinary
chains of models are developed for research and space weather
forecasting.
Conveners:
Dimitris Vassiliadis, USRA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,,
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-286-9060, Fax: 301-286-1433, email:
vassi@electra.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Robert W Schunk, Utah State
University, 4405 Old Main Hill SER 246, Logan, UT 84322-4405 USA, Tel:
435-797-2978, email: schunk@cc.usu.edu, and Ludger Scherliess, Utah
State University, 4405 Old Main Hill SER 246, Logan, UT 84322-4405 USA,
Tel: 435-797-7189, Fax: 435-797-2992, email: ludger@gaim.cass.usu.edu,
and Shing F Fung, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, MC 632,
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-286-6301, Fax: 301-286-1771, email:
fung@mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Robert S Weigel, CISM/KT, LASP, U.
Colorado 1234 Innovation Dr., Boulder, CO 80303-7814 USA, Tel:
303-492-1259, Fax: 303-492-6444, email: robert.weigel@lasp.colorado.edu
SPA-Magnetospheric Physics also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
P06 Science Rationale for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter Mission
SA03 Observations and Modeling of Small-Scale Processes in the High-Latitude E Region
SH04 Space Science Research With Societal Consequences
SH07 Roles of Electromagnetic Waves in Reconnecting Space and Laboratory Plasmas
AE04 Electrical Effects of Thunderstorms on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere
T00 General Tectonophysics Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Tectonophysics may be submitted to
this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of
the approved, preorganized Tectonophysics sessions. General
contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions
will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. The
Tectonophysics Section is truly interdisciplinary, with ties to
seismology, geodesy, planetology, geomagnetism/paleomagnetism, and
volcanology. Its members cultivate an interest in geodynamical
processes and deformation from the scale of individual crystals to
mantle convection and plate tectonics through the study of rock
mechanics, mineral physics, seafloor geology and morphology,
continental and marine tectonics and structural geology, and the
thermal regime and mass balance of the Earth. An enduring challenge
facing tectonophysicists is to relate processes and measurements at
Earth's surface to their origins at depths that can't be directly
observed. Better measurements, whether in the laboratory, at sea, in
deep drill holes, or from satellites, are revealing unexpected
complexity that often challenges simplified descriptions and standing
models. This is nowhere better illustrated than in the continents,
where basic issues like the strength of the lithosphere, strength of
major plate boundary faults, the origins of the mountain belts, and the
mechanics of intraplate seismicity remain unresolved.
Conveners:
Adrian Lenardic, Department of Geology and Geophysics, MS-126,
Houston, TX 77251-1892 USA, Tel: 713-348-4883, Fax: 713-348-5214,
email: adrian@esci.rice.edu, and Yuri Fialko, University of
California, San Diego, IGPP 225, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, Tel:
858-822-5028, Fax: 858-534-5332, email: fialko@radar.ucsd.edu
T01 Role of Large Strike-Slip Faults in Tectonics of the Tibetan Plateau
The history and tectonic significance of strike-slip faulting in the
Cenozoic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen has been the subject
of much debate, and currently many competing models for the role of
strike-slip faulting within the Tibetan Plateau exist. Views on the
significance of unquestionably large, but poorly understood,
strike-slip fault systems such as the Karakoram, Kunlun, Altyn Tagh,
and Haiyuan faults range widely. Extrusion models consider these faults
to have large magnitude offsets and high slip rates that accommodate
plate-like motion of lithosphere. In contrast, other models regard the
faults as structures that accommodate differential shortening and link
fold-thrust belts; these models predict lower slip magnitudes and
rates. Better constraints on the slip rate, slip magnitude, and slip
history of the major strike-slip faults on the Tibetan Plateau promise
a key test of the relative importance of plate-like and distributed
deformation throughout the evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen.
Conveners:
Bradley Ritts, Utah State University, Department of Geology 4505 Old
Main Hill , Logan, UT 84322-4505 USA, Tel: 435-797-7096, Fax:
435-797-1588, email: ritts@cc.usu.edu, and Yongjun Yue, Stanford
University, Dept. of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford,
CA 94305-2115 USA, Tel: 650-724-2627, Fax: 650-723-0979, email:
yongjun@pangea.stanford.edu, and Steve Graham, Stanford University,
Dept. of Geological and Environmental Sciences Bldg. 320, Stanford, CA
94305-2115 USA, Tel: 650-723-0507, Fax: 650-723-0979, email:
graham@pangea.stanford.edu
T02 Seismotectonics of the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area
Eastern San Francisco Bay Area faults, part of the large-scale San
Andreas Fault System, juxtapose rocks with very different rheologic
properties, properties that may influence earthquake processes and have
implications for earthquake hazards, earthquake potential, and
long-term fault evolution. Some faults creep at the ground surface yet
have potential for large earthquakes; for example, the creeping Hayward
fault is thought to be the most likely location of the next damaging
Bay Area earthquake. Efforts utilizing a combination of geologic,
geophysical, and seismological techniques will be required to
understand the structure, physical properties, and dynamics of the
faults in this highly urbanized area. We welcome contributions from any
of these fields that address topics such as segmentation, structural
and geologic controls on seismicity, the surface and depth distribution
of creep, recurrence intervals, and fault interactions at depth in the
eastern San Francisco Bay Area.
Conveners:
Diane E Moore,
U. S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road
MS/977
, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-4825, Fax: 650-329-5143, email: dmoore@usgs.gov, and
David A Ponce,
U. S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road
MS/989, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-5314, email: ponce@usgs.gov
T03 Earthquake Geology and Hazards of East Asia
The 1995 Kobe and 1999 Chi-Chi earthquakes have accelerated the study of
active faulting and folding in east Asia. Recent geologic studies
along active faults and folds have yielded new results on cumulative
coseismic displacements, earthquake recurrence and structural styles.
This session seeks to bring together scientists who are exploring the
neotectonics and paleoseismology of east Asia. We welcome contributions
that aid the understanding of earthquake processes and hazards in east
Asia.
Conveners: Charles Martin Rubin, Central Washington
University, Department of Geological Sciences, Ellensburg, WA 98926
USA, Tel: 509-963-2827, Fax: 509-963-1109, email:
charlier@geology.cwu.edu, and Yue-Gau Chen, National Taiwan
University, Department of Geosciences, Taipei 106, TWN, Tel:
886-2369-7648, Fax: 886-2363-6095, email: ygchen@ccms.ntu.edu.tw, and
Karl Mueller, University of Colorado, Dept. Geological Sciences,
Boulder, CO 80309-0399 USA, Tel: 303-492-7336, Fax: 303-492-2606,
email: Karl.Mueller@colorado.edu, and Yuichi Sugiyama, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Active Fault
Research Center Site 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567
JPN, Tel: 81-29-861-3694, Fax: 81-29-852-3461, email:
sugiyama-y@aist.go.jp
T04 Causes and Consequences of Lateral Heterogeneity in the Earth's Mantle
With recent advances in our ability to image the three-dimensional structure of the mantle,
and in our knowledge of phase equilibria and material properties at high pressures, we are
in a position to assess the consequences for our understanding of the thermal and chemical
evolution of the planet. Recent years have seen a renewed interest in understanding the origin
and dynamical consequences of the three-dimensional structure of the mantle in terms of spatial
variations in composition, temperature, and phase. We encourage contributions that seek to integrate
seismology, mineral physics, and/or geodynamics toward a better understanding
of geophysical observations from the surface to the core-mantle boundary.
Conveners:
Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni, University of Michigan, Department of
Geological Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Tel: 734 647-9938, Fax:
734 763-4690, email: crlb@umich.edu, and Lars Stixrude, University
of Michigan, , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Tel: 734 647-9071, Fax: 734
763-4690, email: stixrude@umich.edu
T05 Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Processes and Progress
Much work has been conducted since the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) Workshop
in Hawaii, 2002 (see Eos volo 84, p. 3). This session is an opportunity
to share recent results and for newcomers to learn about this study
site of the NSF MARGINS and Japanese Subduction Factory programs.
Contributions are encouraged from anyone currently working on the
geology, geophysics, or geochemistry of the subducting plate, forearc,
volcanic arc, or backarc of the entire IBM system, the history of the
Philippine Sea Plate as it affects IBM, or other forcing functions
applicable to the arc.
Conveners:
Jim Gill,
UCSC, Earth Sciences, Santa Cruz, CA 96064 USA, Tel: 831-459-3842, Fax: 831-459-3074, email: jgill@es.ucsc.edu, and
Simon Klemperer,
Stanford, , , USA, email: sklemp@pangea.stanford.edu, and
Yoshi Tamura,
IFREE/JAMSTEC, , , JPN, email: tamuray@jamstec.go.jp
T06 Structure and Evolution of Nonvolcanic Rifted Margins
Continental rifting leading to seafloor spreading is a fundamental
component of the plate-tectonic cycle that still is poorly understood.
The processes that attend continental separation (crustal thinning,
volcanism, faulting, uplift, and eventual thermal subsidence)
profoundly modify continental edges and leave behind important
geological records of their operation. To understand these processes,
we need detailed information on lithospheric structure and the
stratigraphic record, both from continental edges in submarine settings
and from fossil margins now exposed on land. In addition, data from
conjugate margins are important for determining the degree to which
rifting processes and development of the sedimentary record are
symmetrical on opposing margins. This session focuses on nonvolcanic
rifted margins. Data acquired in recent years show these margins to be
structurally complex, manifesting such varied features as differential
thinning of continental crustal layers, multiple generations of normal
faulting, development of metamorphic core complexes, extensive
exhumation and serpentinization of mantle, association with early
ultraslow seafloor spreading, and contrasting thermal and subsidence
histories between margin conjugates. This session is intended to
foster new insights into the evolution of nonvolcanic margins from
recently acquired geological, geophysical, and drilling data, as well
as from synthesis of existing data. We particularly encourage
abstracts that compare and contrast conjugate margins and that provide
new perspectives from subaerial as well as submarine environments.
Conveners:
Brian E. Tucholke, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Clark 241, MS
22, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1541 USA, Tel: 508-289-2494, Fax:
508-457-2187, email: btucholke@whoi.edu, and Jean-Claude Sibuet,
Ifremer Centre de Brest, B.P. 70, 29280 Plouzane Cedex FRANCE, ,
FRA, Tel: (33) 2.98.22.42.33, Fax: (33) 2.98.22.45.49, email:
jcsibuet@ifremer.fr, and Dale S. Sawyer, Rice University, Department
of Earth Science, MS 126, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX
77001 USA, Tel: 713-348-5106, Fax: 713-348-5214, email: dale@rice.edu
T07 Analysis of Plate Boundary Deformation Using Stress and Strain Rate Data in Tandem
The observed patterns and modes of plate boundary deformation represent
a superposition of separate geomechanical processes operating at
different temporal and spatial scales. This session will focus on (1)
geodetic, seismologic, and geologic methods of distinguishing different
components of the crustal deformation field, (2) identifying the
corresponding tectonic processes (e.g., interseismic locking effects
and secular plate motions), and (3) jointly interpreting tectonic
stress and strain rate fields in terms of a superposition of these
processes. We particularly welcome contributions that address methods
of reconciling short- and long-term observations of plate boundary
deformation, or the constraints on lithospheric rheology imposed by the
joint interpretation of those observations.
Conveners:
John Townend, Victoria University of Wellington, School of Earth
Sciences P.O. Box 600, Wellington, NZL, Tel: 64 4 463 5411, Fax: 64
4 463 5186, email: john.townend@vuw.ac.nz, and Stephane Mazzotti,
Geological Survey of Canada, National Earthquake Hazards Program 7
Observatory Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1A OY3 CAN, Tel: 613 992 0240, Fax:
613 992 8836, email: smazzotti@nrcan.gc.ca, and Shin'ichi Miyazaki,
Stanford University, Department of Geophysics, Stanford, CA 94305-2215
USA, Tel: 650 725 5472, Fax: 650 725 7344, email:
miyagsi@pangea.stanford.edu, and Kelin Wang, Geological Survey of
Canada, Pacific Geoscience Centre 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, BC
V8L 4B2 CAN, Tel: 250 363 6429, Fax: 250 363 6565, email:
wang@pgc.nrcan.gc.ca
T08 Taking the Measure of Deforming Landscapes
Digital topography of active mountain belts represents one of the most
significant and relatively untapped data sources for studies of the
interaction of tectonic and surface processes. These data are becoming
increasingly available to the Earth science community, as are ever more
sophisticated models that couple tectonic and surface processes in the
prediction of mountainous topography. One of the important challenges
for the community remains the ability to extract from both real and
simulated landscape geomorphic fingerprints that characterize tectonic
or climatic forcings. Is there a unique signature of tectonic
displacement or base level fall? Can climatic forcing be recognized
and distinguished from tectonics? Are there measures of the landscape
that our community has yet to exploit? For example, can we learn from
investigators of interfaces and surface growth? This session aims to
bring together investigators who measure the landscape with a view to
addressing active tectonic and climatic forcings and over length scales
ranging from individual structures to mountain belts.
Conveners: Michael Alexander Ellis, Ctr. Earthquake
Research and Info., University of Memphis, 3876 Central Avenue, Suite
1, Memphis, TN 38152 USA, Tel: 901 678 4980, Fax: 901 678 4734, email:
ellis@ceri.memphis.edu, and Alexander L. Densmore, Institute of
Geology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH, ETH Zentrum, CH-8092,
Zurich, CHE, Tel: 41 1 632 0418, Fax: 41 1 632 1080, email:
densmore@erdw.ethz.ch
T09 Development of Fault Systems Through Time: Process and Rates.
We encourage abstracts that investigate the evolution of fault systems
on timescales from millions of years to years. We welcome both
field-based observations and modeling studies, particularly those which
constrain fault growth rates and those which provide insights into
fault mechanics from the evolution of faulting.
Conveners:
Jonathan Mark Bull, Southampton Oceanography Centre, SOES European Way
, Southampton, S014 3ZH GBR, Tel: 44 (0)2380 593078, Fax: 44 (0)2380
593052, email: bull@soton.ac.uk, and Patience Cowie, Edinburgh
University, Department of Geology and Geophysics Kings Buildings West
Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW GBR, Tel: 44 (0)131 650 5886, Fax: 44
(0) 131 668 3184, email: Patience.Cowie@glg.ed.ac.uk, and Nancye
Dawers, Tulane University, Department of Earth & Environmental
Sciences 120 Dinwiddie Hall 6823 St Charles Ave , New Orleans, LA
70118 USA, Tel: 504-862-3200, Fax: 504-865-5199, email:
ndawers@tulane.edu
T10 Structure and Dynamics of Oceanic Upper Mantle
The oceanic upper mantle holds the key to understanding the
dynamics of plate tectonics and mantle convection. In recent
years, models have been developed to describe a number of
important dynamic processes beneath the oceans,
including melt generation and transport, boundary layer
instabilities, and development of flow-induced anisotropic fabric.
A new generation of seismic instrumentation and imaging, geodynamic
theory and modeling, and geochemical and petrological techniques
are being used to constrain and evaluate these models. In this
session we want to bring together observational studies on the structure of oceanic upper mantle and crust and modeling
studies (both computational and experimental) on the rheology and
dynamics of the oceanic mantle.
Conveners:
Jim Gaherty, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Earth and
Atmospheric Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA, Tel: 404-894-1992, email:
gaherty@eas.gatech.edu, and Jun Korenaga, Yale University, Dept. of
Geology and Geophysics, New Haven, CT 06520 USA, Tel: 203-432-7381,
email: jun.korenaga@yale.edu, and Shijie Zhong, University of
Colorado, Dept. of Physics, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel: 303-735-5095,
email: szhong@anquetil.colorado.edu
T11 At the Seismogenic Front: Dynamic Processes at Convergent Margins
Current multidisciplinary research is rapidly changing our view of the
shallow subduction zone processes governing strain accumulation and
release, fault mechanics, fault hydrogeology, tsunamigenesis, and
earthquake dynamics. This session will provide a forum for new results
in geophysical imaging, experimental fault mechanics, seismic source
processes, geodetics, structural geology, in situ studies, and other
topics related to the shallow subduction zone environment. We welcome
submissions on any topic related to forearc dynamics and the
seismogenic zone at any convergent margin, especially those
highlighting the Nankai Trough of southwestern Japan and the Middle
America Trench, the two focus sites of the MARGINS SEIZE program.
Conveners:
Harold Tobin, New Mexico Tech, Earth and Environmental Science Dept.
801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801 USA, Tel: 505-835-5920, Fax:
505-835-6436, email: tobin@nmt.edu, and Kohtaro Ujiie,
IFREE/JAMSTEC, Institute for Frontier Research on Earth Evolution Japan
Marine Science and Technology Center 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku,
Yokohama, 236-0001 JPN, Tel: +81-45-778-5467, Fax: +81-45-778-5439,
email: ujiiek@jamstec.go.jp, and Susan Bilek, New Mexico Tech,
Earth and Environmental Science Dept. 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM
87801 USA, Tel: 831-459-4426, Fax: 831-457-3076, email:
sbilek@ees.nmt.edu, and Demian Saffer, University of Wyoming, Dept.
of Geology and Geophysics P.O. Box 3006, Laramie, WY 82071 USA, Tel:
307-766-2981, Fax: 307-766-6679, email: dsaffer@uwyo.edu
T12 Ground and Space Methods for Monitoring EM Preearthquake Phenomena
This session will consider the existence and cause of the
electromagnetic (EM) phenomena related to the occurrence of
earthquakes. We encourage abstracts describing EM signals caused by
changes in the state of stress in the Earth's crust prior to
earthquakes with main focus on electrical, electromagnetic, and infrared
(IR) phenomena and methods for their monitoring. EM signals related to
the strong earthquake are still widely debated in the science
community. Several reasons contribute to the cautious assessment,
among them a lack of understanding the link between the
seismo-mechanical processes on the ground and the ionospheric and
electromagnetic events. Contributions are solicited on all potential EM
earthquake related phenomena and their precursors in different
frequency ranges observed and documented by lab measurements,
ground-based and remote sounding methods, and satellite probes.
Conveners: Dimitar Ouzounov,
NASA/Goddard, SSAI/MS 902, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301)614-6523,
Fax: (301)614-5268, email: ouzounov@eosdata.gsfc.nasa.gov, and
Friedemann Freund, San Jose State University, Ames Research Ctr MS
239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 USA, Tel: (415)604-5183, email:
ffreund@mail.arc.nasa.gov, and Patrick Taylor, NASA/Goddard, NASA
Goddard SFC MC 921, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001 USA, Tel: (301)614-6454,
Fax: (301)614-6522, email: ptaylor@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Stephen
Park, University of California, Riverside, Dept Earth Science,
Riverside, CA 92521 USA, Tel: (909)787-4501, Fax: (909)787-4324, email:
steve.park@ucr.edu, and Carol Raymond, JPL/NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr
MS 183-501, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 USA, Tel: (818)354-8690x490, Fax:
(818)393-5059, email: carol.a.raymond@jpl.nasa.gov
T13 Drilling at the Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O)
This session will focus on the scientific results from ODP Leg 200 which
drilled at the Hawaii-2 Observatory halfway between Oahu and California
(Site 1224) and which also drilled Nuuanu Landslide deposits about 300
km northeast of Honolulu (Site 1223). Two boreholes were drilled near
the Hawaii-2 Observatory which have access to the Hawaii-2 junction box
and submarine cable. These boreholes can be used for continuous
real-time monitoring of geophysical, microbiological, and geochemical
instrumentation in the igneous ocean crust. Microbial structures were
identified in basalts cored in Hole 1224F. At the Nuuanu Landslide
site, deposits were recovered which indicate that two pyroclastic
events, similar to the 1980 Mount St. Helens' eruption, but an order of
magnitude larger, occurred on the Koolau volcano (Oahu) about 2 million
years ago.
Conveners:
Ralph A Stephen, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 360 Woods Hole
Road (MS24), Woods Hole, MA 02543-1552 USA, Tel: 508-289-2583, Fax:
508-457-2150, email: rstephen@whoi.edu, and Junzo Kasahara,
Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032 JPN, Tel: +81-3-5841-8272, Fax:
+81-3-5689-7234, email: kasa2@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp
T14 New Views of the Structure and Composition of the Deep Earth
The aim of this session
is to present the latest developments and findings in the field of
high-pressure experimental mineral physics, as well as work aimed at
constraining or modeling the composition and structure of the Earth
based on experimental data. Mineral physics is the key to providing
critical data (with an input from geodynamics) for constraining Earth
models derived from seismological and geochemical studies. Indeed, only
through high quality experiments can we fine-tune our knowledge of the
composition and structure of the planet, whether on the global scale
(bulk composition, transport properties) or on the local scale
(chemical heterogeneities, phase separation, silicate—liquid
interaction). Recently, with the advent of new high resolution seismic
imaging techniques and accurate three-dimensional geodynamical
modeling, profound questions about the structure and dynamics of the
lower mantle and the chemistry and nature of the D" layer have been
raised; how can high-pressure mineralogy directly address these
observations? How can it address the problem of light elements and
seismic anisotropy in Earth’s core? We solicit contributions related to
these issues from high-pressure mineralogists working in the field of
deep Earth mineral physics. We also solicit contributions from a
broader range of disciplines dedicated to the study of the deep Earth,
such as seismology, geochemistry, and geodynamics.
Conveners:
Daniel L Farber,
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-201
4000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA, Tel: 925-424-2256, Fax: 925-423-1057, email: farber2@llnl.gov, and
James Badro,
Université Paris VI - IPGP (and LLNL), FRA, email: james.badro@ens-lyon.fr
T15 Late Cenozoic Tectonics, Climate, and Topography in the Central and Southern Andes
The Central and Southern Andes are perpendicular to two major but
opposite atmospheric circulation regimes that have prevailed since
Miocene time. Tectonically controlled surface uplift and construction
of topography by volcanism have resulted in drastic changes of the
amount, spatial distribution, and seasonality of precipitation
controlling erosion sedimentation and landscape development, and
possibly influencing along-strike development of tectonic styles. The
availability of space-based geodesy and high-resolution DEMs, combined
with increasingly accurate dating of deformation at the million year
timescale, as well as emerging techniques for paleoenvironment and
paleoclimate studies make this noncollisional mountain belt an
exceptional laboratory for studying the temporal and spatial relations
among tectonics, climate, and mountain building.
Conveners:
Rick Allmendinger, Cornell University, Dept. of Earth &
Atmospheric Sciences Snee Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
14853-1504 USA, Tel: (607) 255-3376, Fax: (607) 254-4780, email:
rwa1@cornell.edu, and Benjamin Brooks, University of Hawaii, , ,
USA, email: bbrooks@soest.hawaii.edu, and Manfred Strecker,
University of Potsdam, , , DEU, email: strecker@geo.uni-potsdam.de
T16 Heat Sources in the Core
Secular
cooling and the decay of radioctive elements in the Earth's interior
power the thermal and chemical evolution of our planet. The relative
importance of these heat sources in the core is established by
processes that occur during Earth's formation and early evolution,
primarly the segregation into metallic core and silicate Earth. While
the presence of a significant amount of long-lived radioactive elements
in the core has been controversial for many decades, there is recent
evidence from geochemistry and mineral physics that support the
partitioning of a significant amount of radioactive elements, primarily
potassium, into the core. The resulting heat production in the core
has important implications for the thermal evolution of the Earth and
the dynamic processes powering the Earth's dynamo and mantle
convection, both at present and through geologic history. This session
will bring together researchers from many fields of the deep Earth
science, integrating current research from geochemistry and mineral
physics with the geodynamic implications for radioactive heat
production in the core.
Conveners:
Gerd Steinle-Neumann, University Bayreuth, Bayerisches Geoinstitut,
University Bayreuth, Bayreuth, DEU, Tel: +49-921-553702, Fax:
+49-921-553769, email: g.steinle-neumann@uni-bayreuth.de, and Bruce
Buffett, University of Chicago, Geophysical Sciences, Chicago, IL
60637 USA, Tel: 773-702-8107, Fax: 773-702-9505, email:
buffett@geosci.uchicago.edu
T17 The Structure and Physical Properties of Grain Boundaries in Rocks
Grain boundaries and phase boundaries are important structural defects
in rocks. In polycrystalline, multiphase materials, grain interfaces
are present in many different configurations forming extended
three-dimensional networks very much like the networks of liquid films
that constitute foams. Even though grain boundary structures are
measured on the nanometer scale, large-scale properties of rocks such
as elasticity, strength, electrical conductivity, and diffusive mass
transport depend on the physical and chemical properties of grain
boundaries. Consequently, geodynamic processes involving rock
deformation, fluid transport, metamorphic reactions, melting, and melt
segregation all depend critically on the properties of grain
boundaries. Our conceptual view of the grain boundary structure stems
largely from observations on metals and ceramics. However, since the
mineralogical properties and chemical composition of rocks are
significantly more complex, we simply do not know to what extent
existing grain boundary models are representative for rocks. We need to
understand the structure and transport properties of grain and phase
boundaries present in Earth materials on the atomic scale. Recent
implementation of new analytical techniques and significant advances in
high-resolution microstructure analysis are about to fundamentally
change our view of structure and physical properties of grain
boundaries. With enhanced computational power and new software
development, sophisticated atomic-scale models can now be tested
against experimental observations. The session will cover four thematic
topics from experimental, analytical, and modeling perspectives of
grain boundaries: (1) high-resolution microstructure investigation of
natural and synthetic grain and phase boundaries; (2) modeling of grain
boundary structures and processes; (3) physical properties of grain
boundaries such as conductivity and diffusivity; (4) strain
localization in crust and mantle; and (5) interface diffusion
controlled creep of crustal and mantle rocks.
Conveners: Georg H. Dresen, GeoForschungsZentrum
Potsdam, Telegrafenberg D425, Potsdam, 14473 DEU, Tel:
49-331-2881320, Fax: 49-331-2881328, email: dre@gfz-potsdam.de, and
David L. Kohlstedt, University of Minnesota, Department of Geology and
Geophysics Pillsbury Hall 310 Pillsbury Dr. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
USA, Tel: 612-626-1544, Fax: 612-625-3819, email: dlkohl@umn.edu, and
Wirth Richard, GeoforschungsZentrum Potsdam, C 120 Telegrafenberg,
Potsdam, 14473 DEU, Tel: 49-3312881319, email: wirth@gfz-potsdam.de
Tectonophysics also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
S07 Crustal Seismic Anisotropy as a Measure of Tectonic Deformation
S16 Seismic Hazards in the Great Basin
U02 The Contributions of 20 Years of Scientific Ocean Drilling
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental, and Observational Constraints
B12 From Mantle to Microbe: Ridge2000 Research and Progress
G05 Before PBO: What Do We Know?
G12 Insights Into the Earthquake Cycle
GP02 Magnetic Anisotropy and Its Applications
GP09 Tectonic and Geochronologic Applications of Sedimentary Paleomagnetism
GP10 Magnetic Petrology and its Applications to Tectonics, Remote Sensing, and the Martian Climate
GP11 Conductivity From Crust to Core
H01 Quantifying Rates of Geomorphic Processes
H02 Earth Surface: Processes and Landscapes (POSTER)
H03 Extreme Event Geomorphology
H13 Interactions Between Fluids and Fractures
H15 The Influence of Scale on Characterization of Fractured-Rock Aquifers
H38 Influence of Hydrologic and Geomorphic Processes on Surface Water Quality
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas Hydrate From Around the Globe
OS09 Gas Hydrates in Accretionary Complexes
P04 Faulting and Fault-Related Processes on Planetary Surfaces
S03 Earthquake Hazards of Greater Tokyo: Eighty Years After Kanto
S05 Stress Transfer, Triggered Earthquakes, and Time-Dependent Seismic Hazard
S06 New Views of Seismic Hazard in Cascadia
S08 Subduction and Lithospheric Deformation in South America
S10 The Energy Budget of the “Earthquake Machine”
S11 The African Superswell Province: From Core to Crust
S15 Mechanical Strength of the Continental Lithosphere
S17 Theories of Earth's Interior
V02 The Growth and Collapse of Hawaiian Volcanoes
V04 Modeling Metamorphism
V05 Many Facets of Garnet: Recorders of Crust and Mantle Dynamics
V09 Birth, Growth, and Death of Magmatic Arcs: Comparisons Among Arcs in Different Settings
V10 Crustal and Mantle Processes in Ophiolites and Ocean Crust Generation
V11 Rift Zones on Volcanic Islands: Structure, Evolution, and Magmatic Processes
V15 The First Historical Eruption of Anatahan Volcano, Mariana Islands
V12 The Origins of Hot Spots, LIPS, Seamount Chains and Volcanic Ridges
NG05 Space-Time Pattern Discovery and Forecasting in Complex Fault Networks
NG06 From Microscale to Macroscale: Models for
Material Damage Mechanics and Earth System Dynamics, and Their Relation
to Seismicity and Earthquakes
ED06 Education and Outreach Efforts of Major Research Facilities and Organizations
Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology
V00 General Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Volcanology, Geochemistry, and
Petrology may be submitted to this session, particularly if your
abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized
Volcanology, Geochemistry, and petrology sessions. General
contributions will be Peviewed by the Program Committee and sessions
will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. The
chemical and physical evolution of rocks and minerals falls under the
purview of the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section.
Significant research topics include (but are not limited to) isotope
geochemistry and geochronology, geochemical and petrologic evolution of
the crust, mantle, and core of the Earth, physical and chemical
dynamics of magma formation, migration, storage, and eruption, physical
volcanology and volcanic hazards, chemical evolution of the solid
Earth, interactions between the solid Earth and its fluid envelopes,
applications of geochemistry to study of the history of those fluid
envelopes, including paleooceanographic and paleoclimate studies, and
biogeochemistry. Development of new methods of geochemical analysis,
experimental investigations, and physical and geochemical modeling are
also of considerable interest. VGP overlaps strongly with other
Sections, such as Planetary Sciences, Tectonophysics, Seismology,
Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, Hydrology, and Biogeosciences.
Conveners:
Marc M. Hirschmann,
University of Minnesota, Department of Geology
108 Pillsbury Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, Tel: 612-625-6698, Fax: 612-625-3819, email: marc.m.hirschmann-1@umn.edu, and
Thomas W. Sisson,
Volcano Hazards Team, MS-910
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-5247, Fax: 650-329-5203, email: tsisson@usgs.gov
V01 Centennial Celebration of Radioisotopic Geochronology: Dates, Rates, and New Debates
In the 100 years since the discovery of radioactive transformation of
elements, radioisotopic dating has changed Earth and planetary science
in profound ways, as it itself has also changed dramatically. The
originally straightforward objective of measuring the age of the Earth
has evolved into a wide range of innovative and sophisticated methods
for constraining rates and dynamics of a wide range of processes. Decay
systems once thought useless or prohibitively difficult now provide
exciting insights into new problems, and geochronometric results
regularly open entirely new areas of exploration. This session will
focus on new developments and innovations in geochronology and
thermochronology, and will provide a forum for highlighting new results
and interpretations arising from radioisotopic dating that challenge
existing ideas or motivate new research directions. The goal is to
emphasize the dynamic and versatile face of geochronology, while
assessing progress and changing perspectives in the last century. We
encourage abstracts from researchers addressing both methodology and
innovative applications in geochronology, from the panoply of
subdisciplines spanning the earth and planetary sciences, including
early solar system evolution to Quaternary surficial processes.
Conveners:
Peter W Reiners,
Yale Univeristy, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics
, New Haven, CT 06520 USA, email: peter.reiners@yale.edu, and
Paul R Renne,
Berkeley Geochronology Center, , , USA, email: prenne@bgc.org
V02 The Growth and Collapse of Hawaiian Volcanoes
The Hawaiian Islands are the most studied hot spot-related ocean island
chain on Earth, and recent work on the submarine flanks of the islands
has revealed much about their internal structure and development. Giant
submarine landslides off island flanks, as well as less catastrophic
volcano spreading and slumping processes, are now recognized as
integral to the life cycles of the islands. Volcaniclastic
sedimentation during island building, interplay between volcano growth
and subsidence, and the formation of rift zones play important roles as
well. James Moore has led the way in pinpointing many of the critical
processes outlined above. In this session we solicit abstracts that
present new results on all aspects of volcano growth, structure, and
deformation that build on his fundamental contributions to our
understanding of the development of the Hawaiian Islands, as well as
other ocean island volcanoes.
Conveners:
Michelle L Coombs,
USGS Menlo Park, , , USA, email: mcoombs@usgs.gov, and
Barry Eakins,
USGS Menlo Park, , , USA, email: beakins@usgs.gov, and
Eiichi Takahashi,
Tokyo Institute of Technology, , , JPN, email: etakahas@geo.titech.ac.jp
V03 Melting of the Mantle and Formation of Basalt Magmas: Experiments, Field Studies, and Models
Lherzolite and eclogite constitute the Earth’s upper mantle.
Experimental petrologic studies of melting of these rocks provide
fundamental constraints on the origin of basalts that form the bulk of
the crust of the Earth. Experimental and analytical techniques have
greatly improved over the past decade and many new experimental studies
have been conducted in various laboratories. These new generation
experiments, field studies, marine geophysical experiments, and vast
amounts of high-quality geochemical analyses of rocks have given us
the much needed tools to decipher how the Earth works. The system
CaO-MgO-Al^2O^3-SiO^2 system serves as a foundation to our quantitative
understanding of the phase equilibrium controls on magma generation and
lithosphere formation. Dean Presnall and his students and postdocs have
meticulously studied this complicated system over the past three
decades and contributed significantly to our understanding of the phase
equilibrium constraints of basalt magma generation at mid-oceanic
ridges and in hot spot environments. This session will honor him by
presenting new results from melting of mantle lithologies, including
peridotite and eclogite, field studies, and models of oceanic
lithosphere generation.
Conveners:
Gautam Sen, Florida International University, Dept Geology, Miami,
FL 33199 USA, Tel: (305)348-2299, Fax: (305)348-3877, email:
seng@fiu.edu, and Michael Walter, Institute for Study of the
Earth''s Interior , Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa Tottori,
682-0193 JPN, Tel: 81858433732, Fax: 81858433450, email:
walter@misasa.okayama-u.ac.jp, and Gudmundur Gudfinnsson,
Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad
Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015-1305 USA, email:
g.gudfinnsson@gl.ciw.edu, and Shantanu Keshav, Florida
International University, Dept Geology, Miami, FL 33199 USA, Tel:
(305)348-2365, Fax: (305)348-3147, email: skesha01@fiu.edu
V04 Modeling Metamorphism
Modeling in
metamorphic studies provides insight into understanding those
fundamental processes by which metamorphism occurs, from the submicron
to the kilometer scale. Modeling helps direct acquisition of new
experimental data and guides us to new observations in the laboratory
and the field, and it enables a better understanding of metamorphic
processes as they relate to lithospheric evolution. Contributions are
encouraged from a wide array of subdisciplines that use modeling to
understand metamorphic processes and lithospheric evolution. Examples
include, but are not limited to, spatial and temporal evolution of
burial, orogenesis, and exhumation; mechanisms of geochemical
differentiation of the crust and mantle; transport of heat and mass;
nucleation and growth of crystals, and microstructural and textural
development; fluid flow and melting, from ore deposits to global
chemical cycles; and quantification of extensive variables to
understanding metamorphic belts.
Conveners:
Michael Brown, University of Maryland, Dept Geology, College Park,
MD 20742-4211 USA, Tel: (301)405-4080, Fax: (301)314-9661, email:
mbrown@geol.umd.edu, and Barb Dutrow, Louisiana State University,
Dept Geology & Geophysics E235 Howe Russell Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA
70803-4101 USA, Tel: (225)578-2525, Fax: (225)578-2302, email:
dutrow@geol.lsu.edu
V05 Many Facets of Garnet: Recorders of Crust and Mantle Dynamics
The chemical and physical properties of garnets have long been central
to petrologic and structural studies of the continental crust and
mantle because garnets may record the pressure, temperature, strain,
and fluid histories of rocks through time. In recent years, new
techniques have improved our ability to probe the chemical composition,
isotopic systematics, and microstructures of garnets and therefore to
better understand metamorphic and magmatic processes. Methods and
applications include (1)chemical studies of major, trace, and volatile
elements in garnets and inclusions in garnets to understand the
evolution of the crust and mantle, the rates and mechanisms of high-T
geologic processes (heating, burial/decompression, mineral growth,
deformation), and the record of fluid-rock interactions in the Earth
through time; and(2) microstructural studies to document brittle and
ductile processes in the continental crust and mantle. We welcome
contributions that use garnet-based studies to understand petrologic
and tectonic processes. In particular, we encourage abstracts from
investigators using high-resolution methods to characterize and
interpret the composition and microstructures of garnets in a
petrologic or structural context.
Conveners:
Donna L Whitney,
University of Minnesota, , , USA, email: dwhitney@umn.edu, and
Derek Vance,
University of London, Dept Geology
Royal Holloway-Egham, Surrey, TW20 OEX GBR, Tel: 44-908-858509, Fax: 44-908-655151, email: d.vance@gl.rhul.ac.uk, and
David Hirsch,
Western Washington University, , , USA, email: hirschd@cc.wwu.edu, and
Richard Spiess,
Universita'' di Padova, , , ITA, email: richard.spiess@unipd.it
V06 Volcanic Emissions to the Troposphere: Fluxes, Feedbacks, Impacts
Erupting and degassing volcanoes are responsible for the release of
prodigious quantities of gases and particles to the atmosphere. While
the volcanic contribution of certain species (such as SO^2) to the
stratosphere during short-lived explosive eruptions is well
established, continuous emissions to the tropospheric complement of
sulphur and, in particular, nonsulphur species (including
halogen-bearing gases and aerosols; metals and metalloids; halocarbons
and other organic compounds) is much less well developed.
Consequently, little is known about the role of volcanoes in the
biogeochemical cycles of key trace species, whether toxins or
nutrients, (e.g., Hg, Se, As, Cd, Fe..); the impact, whether positive
or negative, of environmentally significant emissions on local,
regional, and global scales; or indeed the effects on biosystems, and
the human health implications, of these unexceptional but considerable
'background' emissions. We encourage contributions that address any of
the following topics, whether from a volcanological, atmospheric,
biogeochemical, or human or animal health perspective; and we solicit
contributions that consider these topics on any temporal or spatial
scale (whether local, regional, or global): (1) emission rates of gases
or particles from volcanoes to the troposphere whether by direct
emission from hot magma; as by-products of reactions following
plume-atmosphere interactions; or by release from volcanic soils and
hydrothermal systems; (2) the contribution of volcanic emissions to the
tropospheric 'background' of trace gas species, including volatile
heavy metals (e.g., mercury) and metalloids; (3) the contribution of
volcanoes to the tropospheric aerosol burden of, for example, mineral
dust, sulphate, halide, nitrate and trace metals; (4) modeling of
tropospheric aerosol or tropospheric chemistry and the sensitivity to
potential volcanic inputs; (5) examples of interaction between volcanic
emissions and the biosphere on all scales: direct and indirect
feedbacks; animal and human health impacts; impacts on vegetation; (6)
volcano-atmosphere interactions, from the free troposphere to urban
atmospheres; and (7) new techniques for quantifying the release,
transport, or deposition of volcanic emissions
Conveners:
David Pyle,
Cambridge University, Dept Earth Sciences
Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ GBR, Tel: 44-1223-333400, Fax: 44-1223-333450, email: dmp11@cam.ac.uk, and
Clive Oppenheimer,
Cambridge University, Dept Geography
Downing Plac, Cambridge, CB2 3EN GBR, Tel: 44-223333386, Fax: 44-223333392, email: co200@cam.ac.uk, and
Michael Herzog,
University of Michigan, 1541A Space Research Bldg
2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel: (734)936-0491, Fax: (734)764-5137, email: herzogm@umich.edu
V07 Isotopic Constraints on Rates of Building Active Volcanoes
Understanding rates of volcanic evolution is critical for distilling
geologic histories, developing physical and chemical models, and
assessing volcanic hazards. High-precision geochronology using a
variety of isotopic tools (U-Th-Pb, U-Th-He, K/Ar, 40Ar/39Ar, 14C,
etc.) have sufficient resolution to constrain these rates. In concert
with geologic mapping, geochemistry, and paleomagnetic constraints,
geochronology generates rich data sets on the physical and chemical
evolution of volcanic systems. This session solicits contributions
dedicated to the high-precision chronology of active volcanic centers.
Conveners:
Andrew Calvert,
USGS Menlo Park, MS 910
345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: (650)329-5276, Fax: (650)329-4664, email: acalvert@usgs.gov, and
Brad Singer,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept Geology & Geophysics
1215 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706-1692 USA, Tel: (608)265-8650, Fax: (608)262-0693, email: bsinger@geology.wisc.edu
V08 Light Element Geochemistry: Insights Into High-Temperature Processes
New insights into high-temperature processes are being realized because
of recent analytical advances in the analyses of trace light elements
and their isotopes. Several nontraditional light isotope systems are
beginning to mature (e.g., Li, B, Mg, Cl), providing novel data and
information about processes as diverse as magmatism, high-T
metamorphism, and crust-mantle recycling. In addition, new data for
light element partitioning and diffusion provide experimental
constraints on the mechanisms and rates of processes affecting the
geochemistry of these elements. This symposium will bring together
scientists from diverse backgrounds who are examining high-temperature
processes using constraints provided by light element studies. We
welcome a range of experimental, petrological, chemical, and isotopic
investigations of these elements related to high-temperature Earth
processes. We also welcome contributions detailing technical advances
in isotopic and abundance measurement of light elements in geological
materials.
Conveners:
Bill McDonough,
University of Maryland, , , USA, email: mcdonoug@geol.umd.edu, and
Craig Lundstrom,
Univ. of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, , , USA, email: lundstro@uiuc.edu, and
Adam J.R. Kent,
Oregon State University, , , USA, email: adam.kent@geo.orst.edu
V09 Birth, Growth, and Death of Magmatic Arcs: Comparisons Among Arcs in Different Settings
Subduction initiation, convergence, and melt generation, migration, and
emplacement are among the major processes that combine in a myriad of
different ways at arcs. When arcs, both modern and ancient, are
compared and contrasted, several themes emerge as important controls on
arc evolution. These include (1) melt volume; overall amount and
processes of internal differentiation; (2) effects of crustal
composition on lithospheric strength and deformation partitioning; (3)
the role of hydrous phases and fluids in melt generation and
composition; (4) vertical displacements and the role of magmatic versus
tectonic “loading” during different stages of arc growth; (5)
variations in initial crustal architecture; (6) the degree of vertical
coupling/decoupling between different crustal levels and what controls
this process; and finally (7) What can the magmatic products of
volcanoes tell us about the internal workings of arcs? To address arc
evolution from different viewpoints, such as the spectrum from
petrology to tectonics and from geochonrology to geophysics, we
strongly encourage contributions from a wide variety of studies. The
session will emphasize the use of different approaches, from
field-based research, experiments, and modeling, to help elucidate the
variations and similarities between modern and ancient arc systems.
Conveners:
Tracy Rushmer,
University of Vermont, , , USA, email: trushmer@zoo.uvm.edu , and
Keith Klepeis,
University of Vermont, , , USA, email: kklepeis@zoo.uvm.edu, and
Jon P Davidson,
University of Durham, , , GBR, email: J.P.Davidson@durham.ac.uk
V10 Crustal and Mantle Processes in Ophiolites and Ocean Crust Generation
Although the paleotectonic niche occupied by ophiolites is not identical
to that of modern ridges, there are clear similarities in terms of
processes that encourage cross-fertilization between these two fields.
Considerable advances have been made in our understanding of how
flour-dimensional observations from ophiolites can be applied to ocean
ridge processes. Conversely, structural, petrological, and geochemical
data derived from deep drilling and seafloor observations of oceanic
crust provide significant constraints on the mode and nature of crustal
and mantle processes, resulting in a better understanding of
ophiolites. Abstracts that focus on igneous, structural, and
metamorphic aspects of this first-order petrogenetic problem are
solicited. We encourage researchers from both the ophiolite and marine
geology/geophysics communities to contribute to this forum. Possible
themes for the mantle aspects include the following: (1) deformation
mechanisms and fabric development in the mantle, and links to melt
segregation; (2) mechanisms of melt transfer and reaction in the
mantle; are melt inclusions faithful records of preaggregation melts?
(3) generation of intramantle dunite-chromitite dykes; are they
cumulates in open channels, results of percolative reaction, or gas
streaming? (4) the role of the Moho and other rheological and density
hererogeneities in inhibiting (underplating) or focusing (lateral
injection) melt transfer from the mantle. For the plutonic crustal
aspects, possible themes include (5) the nature of the ophiolite
pseudo-stratigraphy (fractionation or successive underplating and
intra-plating?); (6) how deformation is partitioned between crust and
mantle, and within the crust; (7) the role of melt in controlling
intracrustal deformation; (8) how residual melt aggregates and is
transferred within the crust; (9) how the normal faults that dissect
the upper, brittle layer, are rooted in the ductile lower crust; and
(10) how the nature, geometry, and distribution (i.e., scale, spacing,
depth) of faulting differ from slow to fast spreading crust and how
these parameters affect hydrothermal processes and the deep biosphere
in oceanic lithosphere.
Conveners:
Jean Bédard,
Natural Resources Canada-Geological Survey of Canada, , , CAN, email: jbedard@nrcan.gc.ca, and
Yildrim Dilek,
Miami University, , , USA, email: dileky@muohio.edu, and
Henry J.B. Dick,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., , , USA, email: hdick@whoi.edu
V11 Rift Zones on Volcanic Islands: Structure, Evolution, and Magmatic Processes
The objective of this session is to highlight studies about intrusive
growth and the origin and evolution of rift zones on large volcanoes.
The accumulation of intrusions and eruptive centers along active
volcanic rifts may (1) cause deformation at the surface, (2) interact
with gravitational spreading, flank instability, and giant landslides,
(3) result in hydrothermal and structural barriers, (4) promote lateral
migration, accumulation and geochemical diversification of magmas, and
(5) be responsible for the shape of volcanoes. Dynamics of magma
reservoirs at rift zones may also change and interact with other
volcanic, tectonic, and extrinsic processes, while prevolcanic
structures and basement constitution may likewise play an important
role. Studies about the dynamic and structural significance of rift
zones and associated stress and strain, as well as studies about the
influence on petrological and geochemical processes, are welcome. Of
particular interest are comparisons of new findings to existing models
of Hawaii and Iceland. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of this
topic, we encourage contributions on all aspects of intrusion and rift
zone studies, with particular emphasis on dynamic processes, feedback
mechanisms, and petrology.
Conveners:
Thomas R. Walter,
RSMAS - University of Miami, , , USA, email: twalter@rsmas.miami.edu, and
Andreas KLÜGEL,
Universität Bremen, , , DEU, email: akluegel@uni-bremen.de, and
Juan Carlos Carracedo,
Estación Volcanológica de Canarias IPNA-CSIC, , , ESP, email: jcarracedo@ipna.csic.es
V12 The Origins of Hot Spots, LIPS, Seamount Chains and Volcanic Ridges
Melt anomalies take many forms, including nearly stationary hot spots
such as Hawaii, large igneous provinces (LIPs) such as the Ontong-Java
plateau, and small seamount chains or volcanic ridges that migrate
rapidly and may have no clear age-progression. Theories for their
origins are proliferating, with the traditional plume model now being
joined by models involving shallow depths of origin, low temperatures,
lithospheric extension, crack propagation, variable mantle fertility,
tectonic complexities, gravitational instabilities, and small-scale
convection of the upper mantle. Abstracts presented in this
cross-disciplinary session will include observations, theory, and
models that bear on the structures, processes, causes, and origins of
melt anomalies of all types. Case histories of individual volcanic
provinces, general theories, and multidisciplinary studies including
geophysics, tectonics, petrology, geochemistry, and mantle dynamics are
all encouraged.
Conveners:
Gillian R Foulger,
University of Durham, , , GBR, email: g.r.foulger@durham.ac.uk, and
Dean C Presnall,
Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, , , USA, email: presnall@utdallas.edu, and
James H Natland,
RSMAS Univ. Miami,, , , USA, email: jnatland@rsmas.miami.edu, and
Donald Forsyth,
Brown University, , , USA, email: Donald_Forsyth@BROWN.EDU, and
Kathleen E Donnelly,
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, , , USA, email: donnelly@ldeo.columbia.edu, and
David Naar,
University of South Florida, , , USA, email: naar@marine.usf.edu
V13 U-series in Continental Environments: Soils, River, and Ground Waters
Over the past few years, there has been considerable interest in
understanding the behavior of U-series nuclides in the continental
environment including soils, aquifers, rivers, or hydrothermal systems,
because these natural radioactive tracers can provide estimates of
timescale of weathering and transport. This renewed focus stems in part
from the considerable improvement of sensitivity of recent instruments
for measuring of low-level nuclides in water samples. This session
solicits contributions regarding sampling, data collection, and
modeling of U-series nuclides in crustal environments. We hope to
improve our understanding of the factors controlling the transport and
relative fractionation of U-series as well as to refine geochemical
models.
Conveners:
Bernard Bourdon,
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, , , FRA, email: bourdon@ipgp.jussieu.fr, and
François Chabaux,
Université de Strasbourg, , , FRA, email: fchabaux@illite.u-strasbg.fr, and
Don Porcelli,
University of Oxford, , , GBR, email: Don.Porcelli@earth.ox.ac.uk
V14 Modern Trends in Petrography: Textural and Microanalysis of Igneous Rocks
Crystal populations in volcanic and plutonic rocks are complex and often
recycled, shedding doubt over many whole rock isotopic geochemical
data. The answers to this potential problem lay in detailed
petrographic analysis of crystal populations. This session aims to
bring together the textural analysis and microanalysis communities in
order to share ideas and techniques which are driving the modern trends
in petrography. Workers whose interests include textural analysis and
quantification of igneous rocks, applications of laser and
microdrilling to crystal populations, and modeling of growth and
chemical exchange during crystal population evolution are encouraged to
submit a contribution. People developing new or applying and refining
existing techniques are particularly welcome.
Conveners: Dougal A Jerram, University of Durham,
Department of Earth Sciences, Durham, DH1 3LE GBR, email:
D.A.Jerram@dur.ac.uk, and Bruce D Marsh, Johns Hopkins University, M.
K. Blaustein Dept. Earth & Planetary Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21218
USA, email: bmarsh@jhu.edu, and Jon P Davidson, University of Durham,
Department of Earth Sciences, Durham, DH1 3LE GBR, email:
J.P.Davidson@dur.ac.uk
V15 The First Historical Eruption of Anatahan Volcano, Mariana Islands
The first historical eruption of Anatahan volcano in the Mariana Islands
began on 10 May 2003. The eruption has been well documented by
satellite observations, several sampling trips, and seismological
instrumentation fortuitously installed 4 days prior to the eruption.
We encourage the submission of abstracts that discuss the geophysical
and volcanological observations of the eruption as well as the
geochemistry and petrology of the recently erupted materials. In
addition, we welcome abstracts that discuss the implications of these
observations for our understanding of geochemical and geodynamical
processes associated with Mariana arc volcanism.
Conveners:
Doug Wiens,
Washington University, Dept of Earth and Planetary Sci., St. Louis, MO 63130 USA, email: doug@seismo.wustl.edu, and
Tobias Fischer,
University of New Mexico, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Northrop Hall
, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA, email: Fischer@unm.edu, and
David Hilton,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Geosciences Research Division, La Jolla, CA USA, email: drhilton@ucsd.edu, and
Juan T Camacho,
Emergency Management Office, Capital Hill
, Saipan, UMI, email: juantcamacho@hotmail.com
V16 Medical Mineralogy
Environmental
health problems have traditionally been dealt by medical doctors.
However, medical doctors have not been trained to quantitatively
characterize toxic minerals. Traditional geoscience, however, is
changing its current curriculum. Recently, the American Geological
Institute reported that mineralogy is one of the most crucial subjects
to solving problems in many scientific fields and to linking geology
and medicine, and thus medical mineralogy has come into being. The
World Health Organization classified erionite (a zeolite group
mineral), chrysotile (a serpentine type asbestos) and tremolite,
actinolite, grunerite, riebeckite, and anthophyllite (amphibole type
asbestos), and cristobalite (silica group mineral) as human
carcinogens. These minerals, when inhaled, taken orally, or on
dermatological contact, play major roles in a range of human health
problems. To assess the potential toxicity of any of these minerals,
quantitative parameters including size, shape, composition, crystal
structure, surface structure, surface reactivity, surface area,
solubility, durability, tensile strength, porosity, and permeability
are important considerations. Together with the quantitative
characterization of minerals, exposure data are required before any
mineral-induced pathogenesis can be determined. Understanding the
possible mechanisms that may induce, or could preclude, unwanted
biological responses, and suggesting and evaluating prevention, cure,
or remediation from mineral-induced diseases are active areas in
medical mineralogy. This session aims to bring together
interdisciplinary scientists including mineralogists, biologists,
biochemists, medical doctors, pathologists, pharmacists,
epidemiologists, and lawyers and will provide an excellent platform to
present their results.
Conveners:
Ahmet Umran Dogan, University of Iowa, Department of Chemical and
Biochemical Engineering, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA, email:
umran-dogan@uiowa.edu, and Catherine Skinner, Yale University, ,
, USA, email: catherine-skinner@yale.edu, and Meral Dogan,
Hacettepe University, Department of Geological Engineering, Beytepe,
Ankara, TUR, email: medogan@hacettepe.edu.tr, and Haim Kutiel,
Haifa University, Department of Geography, Haifa, ISR, email:
kutiel@geo.haifa.ac.il
V17 New Frontiers in High-Pressure Research
High-pressure research provides essential data for modeling Earth’s
interior and other planetary interiors. It is a fast advancing field
with many new techniques developed in the last few years. For example,
high-pressure Brillouin scattering, ultrasonic techniques, and nuclear
resonant inelastic scattering have enabled new ways, as well as higher
precision and accuracy, in measuring elastic properties of Earth
materials, especially shear properties that were poorly constrained
before. New deformation apparatus have been developed to allow
rheology studies to higher and higher pressures and temperatures. New
developments have been made in studying properties of liquids at deep
Earth conditions, from microscopic (e.g., structure) to macroscopic
properties (e.g., density and viscosity). Theoretical simulations are
providing increasingly deep insights into understanding and
applications of experimental data. These and many other new
developments have opened new frontiers in mineral and rock physics. On
the other hand, recent developments in seismology, geodynamics, and
geomagnetism have pointed out needs of certain high-pressure studies
for better understanding of Earth’s interior and other planetary
interiors. This session aims at new developments in high-pressure
research to important Earth-related problems. We solicit abstracts
that report new findings and apply the new data to earth sciences. We
especially encourage papers that introduce new techniques, and
abstracts from seismology, geodynamics, and geomagnetism that may point
to needs for further development and collaboration among various fields.
Conveners:
Yanbin Wang, GSECARS, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave.,
Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Tel: 630-252-0425, Fax: 630-252-0436, email:
wang@cars.uchicago.edu, and Guoyin Shen, GSECARS, University of
Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Tel: 630-252-0429,
Fax: 630-252-0436, email: shen@cars.uchicago.edu
V18 State of the Art in Theory of Materials: Methods and Applications
First-principles theory of materials has advanced to address many
aspects of all types of materials, including growth, stability,
mechanical, electrical, and thermodynamic properties of crystals,
composites, ceramics, solid solutions and liquids of metals,
semiconductors, insulators, polymers, and their interfaces. A variety
of methods have been developed that range in accuracy and speed, making
them applicable to the diverse problems stated above. The goal of
computational materials research is to develop new understanding of
materials in conjunction with experiments, and to develop new tools
that will lead to design of materials using theory. The same methods
are applicable to materials problems in geophysics and geochemistry,
will help to make predictions about the Earth and planets, provide
estimates of properties that have not yet been measured in the
laboratory, and help us understand mineral and rock behavior. This
session will provide insight into current work and development in
material physics, and show the use of computational material research
in the Earth sciences. We solicit contributions from mineralogy and all
fields of geochemistry that use molecular modeling in their work, as a
stand-alone tool or in the interpretation or understanding of
experimental data.
Conveners:
Ronald Cohen, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of
Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Rd., N.W., Washington, DC 20015 USA, Tel:
2024788937, Fax: 253-322-2539, email: cohen@gl.ciw.edu, and Gerd
Steinle-Neumann, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University Bayreuth, ,
Bayreuth, 95440 DEU, Tel: 49(0)921-55-3702, Fax: 49(0)921-55-3769,
email: G.Steinle-Neumann@uni-bayreuth.de, and Bjoern Winkler,
Institut fuer Mineralogie, Abt. Kristallographie, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-Universitaet, Senckenberganlage 30, D Frankfurt a. M., 60054
DEU, Tel: +49 69 798 28291, Fax: +49 69 798 22101, email:
B.Winkler@kristall.uni-frankfurt.de
Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
S07 Crustal Seismic Anisotropy as a Measure of Tectonic Deformation
U03 Recent Infrasound Studies, Phenomena, and Development
B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
B12 From Mantle to Microbe: Ridge2000 Research and Progress
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B25 Aqueous Microbial Geochemistry
GP02 Magnetic Anisotropy and Its Applications
GP10 Magnetic Petrology and its Applications to Tectonics, Remote Sensing, and the Martian Climate
H01 Quantifying Rates of Geomorphic Processes
H13 Interactions Between Fluids and Fractures
P07 The Surface Composition of Mars: An Integrated Picture From Orbital, Telescopic, and in Situ Observations
S06 New Views of Seismic Hazard in Cascadia
S11 The African Superswell Province: From Core to Crust
S15 Mechanical Strength of the Continental Lithosphere
S17 Theories of Earth's Interior
T10 Structure and Dynamics of Oceanic Upper Mantle
T05 Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Processes and Progress
T13 Drilling at the Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O)
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
T17 The Structure and Physical Properties of Grain Boundaries in Rocks
A14 A Quarter Century of Satellite Measurements by TOMS
NG01 Visualization, Analysis, and Distributed Computing in Nonlinear Geosciences
T14 New Views of the Structure and Composition of the Deep Earth
T16 Heat Sources in the Core
Atmospheric and Space Electricity
AE00 General Atmospheric and Space Electricity Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Atmospheric and Space Electricity
may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does
not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Atmospheric and Space
Electricity sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the
Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of
the abstracts received. Atmospheric and Space Electricity plays a
central role in attracting plasma physicists, space scientists, and
middle-atmosphere experts as well as traditional atmospheric
electricity researchers. Topics covered by the area of atmospheric and
space electricity include (but are not limited to) all aspects of the
lightning discharge (naturally occurring or artificially initiated),
the spatial and temporal distributions of lightning activity, the
electrical properties of storms, the mechanisms by which storms become
electrified (including laboratory and numerical simulations), lightning
effects on the chemistry of the atmosphere, the global circuit of
atmospheric electricity, and all aspects of the electrical, mechanical,
and chemical effects of thunderstorm activity on middle and upper
atmosphere. Any contributions relevant in any area over the full
spectrum of the Atmospheric and Space Electricity may be submitted to
this series of the sessions. Accepted contributions will be organized
into appropriate topical sessions.
Conveners:
Dennis J. Boccippio,
NASA MSFC, 804 Wells Ave., Huntsville, AL 35801 USA, Tel: 256-539-8406, email: Dennis.Boccippio@nasa.gov
AE01 Advances in Lightning and Atmospheric Electricity Remote Sensing Systems and Algorithms
The capabilities of lightning remote sensing systems and algorithms have
arguably undergone a "sea change" in recent years, spurred by advances
in technology, computer processing power, numerical model fidelity, and
the availability of systematic concurrent ground-and satellite-based
measurements. Examples of technological advances include, but are not
limited to, real-time VHF time of arrival and interferometric networks,
serial sounding capabilities, integrated long-range detection systems,
orbital optical and RF lightning detection sensors, and thunderstorm
numerical models with explicit electrification. Abstracts in this
session are solicited which demonstrate or describe new remote sensing
or modeling capabilities, present or validate new retrieval or solution
algorithms, or demonstrate validation or calibration of remote sensing
systems. Abstracts are also solicited which demonstrate applications
enabled by newly available data sets, integrated data set applications
(e.g., radar/lightning or satellite/lightning), or operational
algorithms of societal interest (e.g., weather forecasting) enabled by
new lightning remote sensing systems.
Conveners:
Dennis J Boccippio,
NASA / MSFC, SD-60, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA, Tel: 256 961-7909, Fax: 256 961-7979, email: Dennis.Boccippio@nasa.gov, and
Martin Murphy,
Vaisala, Inc., 2705 E. Medina Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706 USA, Tel: 520-806-7458, Fax: 520-741-2848, email: Martin.Murphy@vaisala.com
AE02 The Physics of Lightning and Storm Electrification
The processes which underlie thunderstorm electrification and lightning
formation, occurrence, and physical characteristics continue to be an
area of active research and vigorous debate. Detailed understanding
of the microphysical and storm-scale process physics which lead to
lightning are critical to many applications in modeling, forecasting,
and atmospheric chemistry. Abstracts in this session are solicited
which focus on laboratory, observational, or modeling studies of storm
electrification and lightning occurrence. The physical properties of
lightning discharges themselves are key to understanding their
relationship to storm electrical budgets, and to interpreting and
calibrating of lightning remote sensing systems. Abstracts in this
session are also solicited which study the physical properties of
lightning discharges, from observational, laboratory, or modeling
studies.
Conveners:
Larry D. Carey, North Carolina State University, Dept of Marine, Earth
& Atmos. Sci. Campus Box 8208, 5151 Jordan Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695
USA, Tel: 919-515-9688, Fax: 919-515-7802, email: larry_carey@ncsu.edu,
and Abe Jacobson, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Space &
Atmospheric Sciences (NIS-1) Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA,
Tel: 505-667-9656, Fax: 505-667-7395, email: ajacobson@lanl.gov
AE03 Lightning, Meteorology and Climate
The relationships between storm electrification, lightning, and
meteorology are a topic of much current research. Relationships
between storm morphology and lightning occurrence are increasingly
understood and have been applied to weather forecasting applications,
studies of regional and interannual climate variability, and monitoring
of global climate. Abstracts in this session are solicited which focus
on observational, theoretical, or modeling studies of storm
electrification and lightning and their relationship to storm-scale,
mesoscale, intraseasonal, seasonal, interannual, or climate-scale
meteorology and atmospheric chemistry.
Conveners:
Earle Williams, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Parsons
Laboratory MIT 48-336B, Cambridge, MA 02445 USA, Tel: 781-981-3744,
Fax: 781-981-0632, email: earlew@ll.mit.edu, and Walter A Petersen,
University of Alabama in Huntsville, National Space Science and
Technology Center, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA, Tel: 256-961-7861, Fax:
256-961-7909, email: Walt.Petersen@msfc.nasa.gov
AE04 Electrical Effects of Thunderstorms on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere
Abstracts are solicited for this session devoted to all aspects of the
electrical, mechanical, and chemical effects of thunderstorm activity
on the middle and upper atmospheres. Contributors are encouraged to
submit their latest results on optical and infrared transient events,
associated radio and electromagnetic (ULF-VHF) effects, energetic
particle and X-ray/gamma ray effects, and the thunderstorm and
meteorological correlates of these phenomena.
Conveners:
Davis D Sentman, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska,
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 USA, Tel: 907-474-6442, Fax: 907-474-7290,
email: dsentman@gi.alaska.edu, and Victor P. Pasko, Pennyslvania
State University, Dept. of Electrical Engineering Communications and
Space Sciences Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802-2706 USA, Tel:
814-865-3467, Fax: 814-865-7065, email: vpasko@psu.edu
Atmospheric and Space Electricity also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions, Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
A04 The Organic Aerosol Component: Impact on Reactivity, Optical Properties, Hygroscopicity and Cloud-Condensation Properties
A09 Tropical Cirrus Anvils: Properties and Processes
SA02 Phenomena of the Summer Mesosphere
SA03 Observations and Modeling of Small-Scale Processes in the High-Latitude E Region
SH04 Space Science Research With Societal Consequences
SM01 Is a New Lexicon Required for High-Latitude Field-Aligned Current Systems?
SM02 Dynamic Aurora: The Role of Alfvén Waves in I-M Coupling
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
NG06 From Microscale to Macroscale: Models for
Material Damage Mechanics and Earth System Dynamics, and Their Relation
to Seismicity and Earthquakes
NG01 Visualization, Analysis, and Distributed Computing in Nonlinear Geosciences
NG04 Fractals, Chaos, and SOC in Natural and Human-Induced Hazards
C00 General Cryosphere Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Cryosphere may be submitted to
this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of
the approved, preorganized Cryosphere sessions. General contributions
will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed
based on the content of the abstracts received. The focus in this area
is on cryospheric research, embracing the many guises of snow and ice:
glaciers and ice sheets, sea ice, river and lake ice, permafrost,
seasonal snow cover, atmospheric ice crystals, and extraterrestrial ice
bodies. Contributions concerned with basic research in snow and ice
physics are welcome, as well as applied research in cold regions
hydrology, atmospheric, ocean, climate system, and global change
sciences.
Conveners:
Mark W. Williams, INSTAAR, University of Colorado, 1560 30th Street,
Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-492-8830, Fax: 303-492-6388, email:
markw@culter.colorado.edu
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive, Translator, and Facilitator
Permafrost plays three important roles in climate-change science. It
acts as a data archive by storing paleotemperature and other
paleoclimatic information. It translates the effects of climate change
through impacts on natural ecosystems and human infrastructure.
Permafrost also facilitates climate change through release of greenhouse
gases. This session focuses on how permafrost is affected by climatic
change, how changes in permafrost may affect natural and human systems,
and the implications of changes in permafrost for the climate system.
Climate change is interpreted broadly, and contributions can focus on
anthropogenic greenhouse warming or past climatic intervals.
Conveners:
Frederick E Nelson,
University of Delaware, , , USA, email: fnelson@UDel.Edu, and
Oleg A Anisimov,
State Hydrological Institute, , , RUS, email: oleg@oa7661.spb.edu, and
K M Hinkel,
University of Cincinnati, , , USA, email: Kenneth.Hinkel@uc.edu, and
N I Shiklomanov,
University of Delaware, , , USA, email: shiklom@udel.edu
C02 Advances in Glacier Geophysics
A wide spectrum of geophysical techniques has been applied to natural ice for several
decades, resulting in many exciting discoveries and case studies. This spectrum spans, for
instance, from large-scale airborne radar, magnetic, and gravity surveys of ice sheets via
ground-based seismic, GPR, and electrical resistivity surveys at various ice masses to
even smaller scale geoelectrical borehole-based measurements and ice core imaging.
Accordingly, geophysical techniques may aid in addressing a considerable diversity of
glaciological problems. For instance, airborne methods support remote mapping of ice
thicknesses, internal layering, and subglacial sedimentary basins, as well as detection of
enhanced subglacial thermal activity. Ground- or borehole-based methods allow more
detailed investigation, e.g., of subglacial conditions beneath ice streams (such as sediment
dilation, sticky spots, and ocean tide influences), glacier thermal or hydrological regimes,
internal voids or fractures, and basal ice thicknesses. Geophysical ice core imaging is an
effective tool in logging intrinsic impurities caused by a variety of natural phenomena. In
addition to such exciting and diverse applications, considerable developments in
geophysical equipment and computer technology in the last decade have allowed large
data sets to be collected, processed, and visualized rapidly. At the same time, forward
modeling has become increasingly popular, linking measured geophysical responses to
their glaciologically significant source mechanism, and the use of geophysical data in
constraining models of ice mass behavior has been advanced.
This session aims to establish the current state of the art in glacier geophysics and to
identify future research priorities in this field. We particularly encourage contributions from
all areas of geophysics as applied to present-day ice masses and ice cores. We are further
happy to consider contributions that report the application of geophysical techniques to
glacial materials to reconstruct past ice masses, dynamics, and hydrology.
Conveners:
Bernd Kulessa,
Queen''s University of Belfast, , , GBR, email: b.kulessa@qub.ac.uk, and
Tavi Murray,
University of Leeds, , , GBR, email: t.murray@geography.leeds.ac.uk
C03 Planetary Permafrost
This session discusses permafrost on other planetary bodies and
makes comparisons with permafrost on Earth. Geomorphology, permafrost
and climate, ice physics, and the role of permafrost in preserving
biological signatures over geological time will all be considered.
In addition, there is growing interest in the planetary community in
studies of permafrost regions on Earth.
Results from recent space missions to Mars and the icy moons of
Jupiter make this session particularly timely. On Mars, spacecraft
data have confirmed theoretical predictions regarding the presence of
ice-rich ground in the polar regions.
Conveners:
C McKay,
NASA, , , USA, email: cmckay@mail.arc.nasa.gov, and
M Mellon,
University of Colorado, , , USA, email: mellon@argyre.colorado.edu
C04 Ice-Ocean Interactions and the Cryosphere
The exchange of energy, mass, and momentum between polar ice and the
adjacent ocean waters comprises important processes in Antarctica and
the Arctic. The mass and energy transfer between ice shelves and the
underlying water is particularly noteworthy. These processes not only
influence the dynamics and mass balance of ice shelves but also exert
significant control on the formation and modification of water masses
beneath and in front of an ice shelf. In this regard, the formation of
deep and bottom water in the Weddell Sea, an important source for the
formation of Antarctic Bottom Water ventilating the world ocean, is
influenced by ice-shelf/ocean interaction processes, especially in the
Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf region. The proposed session aims to describe
the current understanding of these processes, as mainly derived from
numerical modeling studies and some experimental investigations.
Current attempts to develop and apply coupled ice-shelf/ocean models
will be of particular interest, but other attempts, e.g., involving a
combination of remote sensing techniques and numerical modeling, will
receive equal attention. In particular, abstracts should address the
possible impacts of climate change on ice-shelf/ocean interactions and
their subsequent repercussions/feedbacks to the climate system. In
addition, the session may also provide a first opportunity for the
presentation of, or at least "set the stage" for, the UK-NERC AUTOSUB
Under Ice Mission. Given the progress made in recent years, the session
is regarded timely and is expected to present exciting new science
results. Potential participants will include colleagues from the
United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, and other
nations involved in polar research.
Conveners:
Manfred A Lange,
University of Muenster, , , DEU, email: langema@physics.uoc.gr, and
Klaus Grosfeld,
University of Bremen, , , DEU, email: grosfeld@palmod.uni-bremen.de, and
Doug MacAyeal,
University of Chicago, , , USA, email: drm7@midway.uchicago.edu
C05 Snow Cover and Biogeochemical Cycling
Seasonal snow covers
approximately one third of the land surface of Earth during some part of each
year, but until recently this period was considered biologically
unimportant. A wealth of recent findings have shown that many critical
biological and biogeochemical processes continue through the winter, having
a large impact on annual fluxes of nutrients and carbon and influencing a
wide range of biological and biogeochemical processes both during the
winter and in the following growing season. The impact goes both ways, with
plants and animals affecting the accumulation, distribution, and melt of
the snow. The nature of the impact changes with the season, producing quite
different interactions in autumn versus spring, and these impacts are manifest
at many different scales. While interactive processes tend to be local in
nature, the outcome of these snow-biota interactions at landscape and
regional scales can affect whole ecosystems and the climate. The purpose of
this session is to bring together researchers working on the interactions
between the winter environment, particularly snow, and biological processes
at scales ranging from individual organisms to regional biogeochemical
fluxes.
Conveners:
Matthew Sturm,
USA-CRREL-Alaska, , , USA, email: msturm@crrel.usace.army.mil, and
Paul D Brooks,
University of Arizona, , , USA, email: brooks@hwr.arizona.edu
C06 Monitoring, Measuring, and Modeling Snow Processes (POSTER)
The storage and modulated release of water from seasonal
snowpacks are major components of hydrologic systems in many
parts of the world, particularly in the western portions of the
United States and Canada. In these regions the seasonal snow cover
is a critical component of the annual water cycle, controlling soil
moisture, streamflow, and the development and stability of terrestrial
and aquatic ecosystems. This session will address a broad range
of topics that are important to understanding this important resource.
We are soliciting poster presentations on all aspects of monitoring,
measuring, and modeling snow processes. Particular emphasis will be
placed on methods, data analysis, results from 2 years of the
NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX), and preliminary results
from the GEWEX-GAPP North American Transect;
remote sensing of snow cover properties and extent, including
effects of frozen soil, and the transfer of snowmelt to soil moisture;
snow measurement and monitoring techniques and instruments; investigations into physical properties of snow: linking microscale
properties to macroscale processes;
and snow cover modeling in vegetated and complex terrain.
Conveners:
Danny Marks,
Northwest Watershed Research Center, USDA-ARS, , , USA, email: danny@nwrc.ars.usda.gov, and
Kelly Elder,
Rocky Mountain Research Station, USFS, , , USA, email: kelder@fs.fed.us, and
Don Cline,
NOHRSC, , , USA, email: cline@rainbow.nohrsc.nws.gov
C07 CLPX: Cold Lands Processes Field Experiment
The Cold Land Processes Field Experiment (CLPX) has been designed to advance our
understanding of the terrestrial cryosphere. Developing a more complete understanding of
fluxes, storage, and transformations of water and energy in cold land areas
is a critical focus of
the NASA Earth Science Enterprise Research Strategy, the NASA Global Water and Energy
Cycle (GWEC) Initiative, the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), and the
GEWEX Americas Prediction Project (GAPP). The movement of water and energy through
cold regions in turn plays a large role in ecological activity and biogeochemical cycles.
Quantitative understanding of cold land processes over large areas will require synergistic
advancements in (1) understanding how cold land processes, most comprehensively understood
at local or hillslope scales, extend to larger scales, (2) improved representation of cold land
processes in coupled and uncoupled land-surface models, and (3) a breakthrough in large-scale
observation of hydrologic properties, including snow characteristics,
soil moisture, the extent of
frozen soils, and the transition between frozen and thawed soil conditions.
The Cold Land Processes Working Group has now successfully
completed six major field campaigns.
Here we present initial results from the field campaigns.
Moreover, we include a summary of the data
that were collected, their current status and format, their potential for use in science
investigations, and how they may be accessed.
In turn, this session serves as a forum to help
refine a new science plan and road map for Cold Land
Processes (CLP) within NASA's Earth Science Enterprise.
Conveners:
Don Cline,
National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center, NOAA, , , USA, email: cline@nohrsc.nws.gov, and
Kelly Elder,
Rocky Mountain Research Station, USFS, , , USA, email: kelder@fs.fed.us, and
Danny Marks,
ARS-USDA, , , USA, email: danny@nwrc.ars.usda.gov
C08 Glaciers and Ice Sheets
This session
focuses on many of the outstanding challenges in glacier and ice sheet
dynamics, including innovative new techniques to quantify ice shelf,
ice sheet, and glacier thinning, theoretical and numerical articulation
of glacier hydrology, and sea level rise due to glacier melt. Other
frontiers in glacier and ice sheet dynamics are also welcome, including
the mechanical properties and thermodynamics of firn and ice.
Conveners:
Tad Pfeffer,
University of Colorado, , , USA, email: pfeffer@tintin.Colorado.EDU, and
Joel Harper,
University of Wyoming, , Laramie, WY USA, email: joelh@uwyo.edu
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
We
encourage abstracts on glacier-climate interactions from local to
global scales. How have climatic temperature and atmospheric greenhouse
gas concentrations covaried in the past? What is the tempo and
magnitude of climate changes in polar regions? What determines the
isotopic composition of precipitation? Can local-scale glacier-climate
interactions improve mass balance and climatologic parameterizations in
large-scale climate and ice sheet models? How can local climate fields
be estimated from a sparse array of low-elevation meteorological
station data or the output fields of global climate models?
Conveners:
Shawn Marshall,
University of Calgary, , , CAN, email: shawn.marshall@ucalgary.ca, and
Kurt M Cuffey,
University of California, Berkeley, , , USA, email: kcuffey@socrates.berkeley.edu
C10 Fracture Processes in Glacier Ice
Crevasses in glacier ice form as a result of the brittle response of ice
to the tensile stress it undergoes. Commonly observed at the surface of
flowing glacier ice, crevasses initiate when the intensity of the
stress acting on a flaw or existing crack tip exceeds the tensile
strength of the ice. Once initiated, crevasses propagate both
vertically and horizontally. Horizontal propagation is in the
direction of the least compressive stress. Vertical propagation is
both toward and away from the free surface, with downward propagation
usually limited by the weight of overlying ice. Crevasses (and
subsurface cracks) play many important roles in glaciers and ice
sheets. For example, their surface expression provides a visible
record that may be mapped and used to infer the pattern of stresses
acting on the ice; large, through-cutting rifts in the floating ice
shelves surrounding Antarctica become the planes along which icebergs
calve; meltwater-induced propagation of preexisting surface crevasses
has been suggested as a key factor in the Larsen Ice Shelf breakup;
and it has recently been proposed that cracks may play a primary role
in the flow of water through temperate glaciers. Recent advances in
monitoring techniques and dramatic ice shelf retreat events have
brought new interest to the relatively unstudied field of fracture
mechanics in ice. This session aims to bring together observational
(laboratory, in situ, and remote sensing) and modeling studies of ice
fracture processes. Studies involving the synthesis of observational
data with modeling are particularly welcome.
Conveners:
Helen Amanda Fricker,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive
MC 0225, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA, Tel: 619-993-3569, Fax: 858-534-2902, email: hafricker@ucsd.edu, and
Christina Hulbe,
Portland State University, Department of Geology
P.O. Box 751
, Portland, OR 97207 USA, Tel: 503-725-3388, Fax: 503-725-3025, email: chulbe@pdx.edu
C11 International Polar Year 2007-2008
The year 2007-2008 will mark the 125th anniversary of the First
International Polar Year (1882-1883), the 75th anniversary of the
Second Polar Year (1932-1933), and the 50th anniversary of the
International Geophysical Year (1957-1958). The IPYs and IGY were
important initiatives that resulted in significant new insights into
global processes and led to decades of invaluable polar research. In
spite of the substantial effort in polar exploration and research over
the years, however, both by individual nations and through
international programs, the relative inaccessibility and challenging
environment have left these regions less well explored and studied than
other key regions of the planet. Earth system processes in the polar
region remain significantly less well understood relative to our
understanding of processes in other, more accessible regions. Planning
is under way to hold an International Polar Year (IPY) in 2007-2008.
It is envisioned as an intense program of internationally coordinated
polar observations, exploration, and analysis, with strong education
and outreach components. To be successful, IPY should be visionary and
more than a continuation of present efforts (although current and
planned efforts and enabling technologies should be part of what is
done). It must address both the Arctic and Antarctic, and look for
linkages between the regions. It must be multidisciplinary, including
study of human dimensions, and truly international. Ideally, IPY will
provide both specific short-term outcomes and lay a foundation for
longer-term commitments. If done well, IPY could attract and develop a
new generation of polar scientists. The International Council on
Science (ICSU) has endorsed the IPY concept and has encouraged nations
to determine their priorities. An ICSU Planning Group is preparing a
draft science plan for distribution in February 2004. Thus this is an
important time for the U.S. science community to articulate its
interests. This session is designed to move beyond individual project
ideas and explore visions from the community of how pieces could be fit
together into compelling, socially relevant activities.
Conveners:
Chris Elfring, Polar Research Board, The National Academies,
National Academy of Sciences 500 Fifth Street NW , Washington, DC 20001
USA, Tel: 202 334 3426, Fax: 202 334 1477, email: celfring@nas.edu, and
Robin Bell, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University PO
Box 1000 61Route 9W, Oceanography Bldg 107D, Palisades, NY 10964 USA,
Tel: 845 365 8827, Fax: 845 365 8179, email: robinb@ldeo.columbia.edu,
and Mary Albert, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory,
72 Lyme Road , Hanover, NH 03755-1290 USA, Tel: 603 646 4422, email:
malbert@crrel.usace.army.mil
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
This session will provide a forum for ICESat's first year of scientific
and technological achievements. Based on data acquired since launch in
January 2003, scientific advances in our understanding of ice sheet and
sea ice, cloud and aerosol, land surface and vegetation cover, and
ocean surface characteristics are anticipated. In this session we
encourage submission of studies that pursue a greater understanding of
this unique instrument's global capabilities, and we encourage
submissions that link ICESat and other altimetry data to a broad Earth
system context.
Conveners:
H. Jay Zwally, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Oceans and Ice
Branch, Code 971, Building 33, Room A217, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel:
301-614-5643, Fax: 301-614-5644, email: zwally@icesat2.gsfc.nasa.gov,
and Bob E. Schutz, University of Texas at Austin, Center for Space
Research, 3925 West Braker Lane, Suite 200 , Austin, TX 78759 USA, Tel:
512-471-1418, Fax: 512-471-3570, email: schutz@csr.utexas.edu, and
Christopher A. Shuman, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Oceans and Ice
Branch, Code 971, Building 33, Room A210, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel:
301-614-5706, Fax: 301-614-5644, email: Christopher.A.Shuman@nasa.gov
Cryosphere also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
H28 Observations and Modeling of Land Surface Hydrological Processes
P01 Geological Evidence for Recent Climate Change on Mars
PP13 Rapid Climate Change during the Holocene and Last Glacial
A15 Ocean/Atmospheric Modeling
A08 Results From the SOLVE II/VINTERSOL Mission
H03 Extreme Event Geomorphology
OS05 Sedimentation on European Margins
OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Past, Present, and Future
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas Hydrate From Around the Globe
P02 Life in the Martian Regolith, Present and Past
PP07 Evolution of the Antarctic Climate System: Modeling and Observation
PP10 The Last Interglacial
PP11 Global, Hemispheric and Regional Climate Signals During the Last Millennium
ED04 Polar Attraction: Linking Polar Science With Education and Outreach
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
H34 Use of Remotely Sensed Boundary Conditions in Land Surface Modeling
OS02 Changes in the Fresh Water Budget of the Ocean From Decades to Centuries
PP02 Southern Ocean Climatic Evolution: The Marine Geologic Record
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates
ED00 General Education and Human Resources Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Education and Human Resources may
be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not
fit into one of the approved, preorganized Education and Human
Resources sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the
Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of
the abstracts received. The focus of Education and Human Resources
(ED) is on all levels of formal education in the Earth and space
sciences, including graduate, undergraduate, and precollege (grades
K-12), as well as informal education and outreach in these fields.
Participation in this area is open to all scientists, regardless of
Section or Focus Group affiliation. Note that the first author rule is
waived for abstract submissions to ED sessions so that they do not
count against the one abstract per first author limit. Significant
topics include (but are not limited to): professional education
opportunities for scientists related to new and emerging technologies,
education and outreach programs established in conjunction with major
research projects, research experiences for undergraduate students and
precollege students and teachers, integration of research and
teaching, career path alternatives and the status of the Earth and
space science workforce, recent developments in Earth science
education, and current research on how students learn Earth and space
science concepts.
Conveners:
Stephanie Stockman,
NASA/GSFC, Code 921, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-6457, Fax: 301-614-6522, email: stockman@core2.gsfc.nasa.gov
ED01 The GeoWall in the Earth Science Classroom
The GeoWall is a recently developed and affordable projection mechanism
for three-dimensional stereo visualization. GeoWalls are in an ever
increasing number of classrooms and research labs. The development of
new visualization software and applications, and their integration into
the research and teaching environment of universities, is guided by the
user community combined in the GeoWall consortium (www.geowall.org).
It is estimated that more than 10% of all undergraduates in
introductory geology labs currently use GeoWalls in a classroom
setting. An important aspect of current investigation is to develop a
GeoWall "best practices" approach which includes assessment and
curriculum development. This session is intended to bring together
those from the entire range of instructors, assessment researchers,
computer scientists, and visualization specialists to discuss topics
that include the current and planned assessment of educational impact
of the GeoWall; development of new GeoWall visualization techniques
that are particularly geared to the Earth science classroom; success
and failure of integration in and enhancement of the curriculum with
the GeoWall; and the potential for more efficient integration through
visualizations of research results into the curriculum.
Conveners: Paul Jeffrey Morin, University of
Minnesota/Geology & Geophysics, 310 Pillsbury Drive SE,
Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, Tel: 612-626-0505, email: lpaul@umn.edu, and
Peter van Keken, University of Michigan/Geological Sciences, 425
East University Avenue , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Tel: 734-764-1497,
email: keken@umich.edu, and Andrew Johnson, University of Illinois
Chicago/Electronic Visualization Lab, 851 S. Morgan St. Room 1120 SEO,
Chicago, IL 60607-7053 USA, email: ajohnson@cs.uic.edu
ED02 The Digital Library for Earth System Education: Opportunities for Collaboration
The Digital Library for Earth System Education (DLESE) is a
community-built, NSF-funded digital library that supports teaching and
learning about the Earth. Our session will demonstrate new library
services and collections, describe library developments, and highlight
opportunities for collaboration. It will include presentations from the
core service areas as well as other projects making major contributions
to library development. We will focus on efforts to integrate
research and education into the geosciences. In particular, we will
emphasize how DLESE services and community can cooperate with research
initiatives to fulfill NSF’s criteria two, and how DLESE can
participate in the emerging cyber infrastructure initiatives.
Conveners:
Rajul Pandya,
DLESE Program Center/UCAR, P.O. Box 3000
, Boulder, CO 80307 USA, Tel: 303-497-2650, Fax: 303-497-8336, email: pandya@ucar.edu, and
Tamara Ledley,
TERC, 2067 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA, Tel: 617-547-0430, email: tamara_ledley@terc.edu
ED03 Enhancing K-12 Earth Science Education Through Partnership
National science education reform documents (AAAS Project 2061 and NSES)
call for systemic change, whereby stakeholders within the educational
system collaborate to improve curriculum, instruction, and assessment.
This session will highlight the results of projects in which
universities, corporations, nonprofits, parent groups, and others have
collaborated with school districts to advance and improve K-12 Earth
science education. Examples of projects appropriate for this session
include summer field camps for teachers, corporate or university
adopt-a-school programs, teacher leadership development projects, to
name a few.
Conveners:
Michael John Smith, American Geological Institute, 4220 King Street ,
Alexandria, VA 22302-1502 USA, Tel: 703-379-2480, Fax: 703-379-7563,
email: msmith@agiweb.org, and Ann E. Benbow, American Geological
Institute, 4220 King Street, Alexandria, VA 22302-1502 USA, Tel:
703-379-2480, Fax: 703-379-7563, email: annbenbow@aol.com, and Roderic
Brame, Wright State University, Department of Geological Sciences 3640
Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435-0001 USA, email:
roderic.brame@wright.edu
ED04 Polar Attraction: Linking Polar Science With Education and Outreach
The extreme environments of the Arctic and Antarctic fascinate the
public and scientists alike. This session explores the potential of
using polar research to engage people in understanding science and to
address science education needs. Approaches range from real-time data
telemetered from the field to study of the classic polar expeditions
such as Nansen. Presentations focus on how to produce effective
programs that engage different audiences (K-12, undergraduate
majors/nonmajors, general public) and analyze outcomes and lessons
learned from various approaches. Venues and methods include curriculum
materials, exhibitions, teacher training, and writing for the general
public.
Conveners:
Stephanie L Pfirman, Barnard College, Columbia University,
Environmental Science Department 3009 Broadway , New York, NY 10027
USA, Tel: 212-854-5120, Fax: 212-854-5760, email:
spfirman@barnard.columbia.edu, and Robin Elizabeth Bell,
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, , Palisades, NY 10964 USA, Tel:
845-365-8827, Fax: 845-365-8179, email: robinb@ldeo.columbia.edu
ED05 Astrobiology Education: Bridging the Gap Between Scientists and Educators
In its quest to understand life in the universe, astrobiology is deeply
involved in facilitating collaboration, not only between scientists of
different disciplines, but also in our commitment to education, between
scientists and science educators. Just as the vines of the
interdisciplinary exchange of astrobiology now bear fruit, so can the
coming together of scientists and educators produce growth in science
education. Both the scientist and the educator stand to gain
considerably from such partnerships, and the emergence of a network of
“science education professionals,” who are human bridges between these
two communities, can provide valuable support, advice, and expertise to
all parties involved. How can we combine our diverse resources and
talents to create opportunities for these communities to deepen their
connection and collaborate through astrobiology? This special 2-hour
panel session will address the challenges to collaboration between the
science and education communities and discuss the solutions through
analysis of successful scientist/educator partnerships. Panelists
(scientists, educators, science education professionals, as well as a
collaboration specialist) will each give a short presentation focusing
on (1) efforts to deepen the professional exchange between these
communities through mutual recognition of what each brings to science
education, and (2) how each community, and science education in
general, will benefit. A discussion period will follow.
Conveners: Daniella Marie Scalice, NASA Astrobiology
Institute, NASA Ames Research Center Mail Stop 240-1, Moffett Field, CA
94035 USA, Tel: 707.443.2037/650.604.4024, Fax:
707.443.2037/650.604.4251, email: dscalice@mail.arc.nasa.gov
ED06 Education and Outreach Efforts of Major Research Facilities and Organizations
This session provides a forum for various geoscience and ocean science
initiatives, facilities, and organizations (EarthScope, Margins, US
RIDGE, ANDRILL, IODP, UNAVCO, CERI, USGS, SCEC, SAFOD, IRIS, JOI, CORE,
AGI, AGU, etc.) to present overviews of their current or planned
education and outreach efforts. The goal is to engage the AGU community
in these education and outreach efforts and to facilitate collaboration
among them. Presenters should discuss the ongoing or planned activities
of their facility or organization and what is unique about each
program. Areas of overlap, differences, and avenues of collaboration
would be very useful also. Presenters are encouraged to share their
successes and lessons learned and to address the role of research
institutions in education.
Conveners:
Michelle Hall-Wallace, Dept. of Geosciences, University of Arizona,
1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA, Tel: 520-621-9993, Fax:
520-621-2672, email: hall@geo.arizona.edu, and Katherine Ellins,
The University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, 4412 Spicewood Springs
Rd., Bldg. 600, Austin, TX 78759-8500 USA, Tel: 512-232-3251, email:
kellins@utig.ig.utexas.edu
ED07 The GLOBE Program: What Has and Has Not Worked Well in the Past and Where Should It Go in the Future?
Since its beginnings in the early 1990s, the GLOBE program
(www.globe.gov) has helped students and teachers in over 100 countries
collect environmental data as part of their process of learning how to
do science and to provide this valuable data to scientists for use in
scientific research. It has been this important partnership between
students, teachers, scientists, and others that has made this one of
the most recognized science and education programs in the world.
Recently, the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
and Colorado State University (CSU) were officially awarded a
Cooperative Agreement from NASA to assume primary responsibility for
administrating the U.S. and international GLOBE program. As GLOBE
enters a new era of growth and opportunity, UCAR and CSU need the
education and scientific community to help chart the future of GLOBE.
Thus we are asking individuals to submit abstracts to this session that
outline what has and has not worked well in the past in GLOBE and make
recommendations for GLOBE's future, including partnership development,
teacher training, data collection, integration of scientific research
with classroom teaching and learning, and the use of GLOBE data by
scientists.
Conveners:
Jack Fellows,
UCAR, , , USA, email: jfellows@ucar.edu, and
Peggy Lemone,
NCAR, , , USA, email: lemone@ucar.edu, and
Ed Geary,
Colorado State University, , , USA, email: egeary@csmate.colostate.edu, and
Stephanie Stockman,
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, , , USA, email: stockman@core2.gsfc.nasa.gov
ED08 Interactions With Native America and Tribal Colleges and Universities
Native American students are underrepresented in many areas of science,
and the field of geophysics is no exception. This underrepresentation
can be mitigated by focusing on breaking the barriers that prevent
Native Americans from considering advanced degrees in science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics. There are many programs
that have had success in retaining and inspiring the next generation of
researchers, scientists and educators within this population. This
session will highlight research and education programs with tribal
colleges and Native America. Presenters are encouraged to discuss
partnerships and approaches that encourage successful interactions
between Native Americans and government, university, and private
entities. A panel discussion featuring Native American students and
faculty from tribal colleges will offer insights into successful
internship opportunities from the American Indian perspective.
Presenters are encouraged to speak to research capability and interests
inherent at tribal colleges and Native American communities.
Conveners:
Janie M. Nall, NASA GSFC/EduTech Ltd., Code 120 NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-286-0885, Fax:
301-286-1610, email: jnall@pop100.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Wanda David,
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 120, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA,
Tel: 301-286-1091, Fax: 301-286-0298, email: wdavid@pop100.gsfc.nasa.gov
ED09 Building Strong Geoscience Departments: Examples That Work
Strong geoscience departments draw together excellent faculty, coherent
curricula, and a variety of other activities that support students in
their learning. This session will focus on four critical aspects of
successful programs: (1) recruiting, retaining, and advising students,
including those from underrepresented groups; (2) integrating and
balancing research and education (e.g., developing opportunities for
undergraduate students, managing faculty work expectations, preparing
graduate students for careers that including teaching); (3) approaches
to core content and curriculum for the geoscience major and graduate
degree programs; and (4) departmental planning and facilities. We
encourage contributions that highlight examples of successful
departmental activities or discuss critical issues facing departments
in any or all of these areas.
Conveners:
Cathryn A Manduca, Science Education Resource Center/Carleton College,
, Northfield, MN 55057 USA, Tel: 507 252-8658, email:
cmanduca@carleton.edu, and R Heather Macdonald, College of William
and Mary, , Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA, Tel: 757 221-2443, email:
rhmacd@wm.edu
ED10 Assessment of Geoscience Education Tools and Approaches
As a variety of innovative geosocience education tools and approaches
are starting to be implemented that facilitate learning about global
and local environmental issues in colleges and universities, little
emphasis has yet been put on their comprehensive assessment, despite
the clear need and the often articulated requirement to demonstrate the
impact these innovative teaching techniques have on the learning
achieved by students. This session will showcase the different
strategies that geoscientists are developing and applying to assess the
different tools and approaches they use to teach geoscience. Speakers
will review assessment theory and principles and how assessing for
improvement can be and is applied to these innovative tools and
approaches. They will discuss the role of multiple assessment
approaches that are an integral part of the new learner-centered
learning environments. Researchers will highlight the issues they
encounter and challenges they face in their assessment, and the
specific strategies they envision or use to overcome these challenges.
Conveners: Catherine Gautier, UC Santa Barbara, ICESS
Ellison Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA, Tel: 805-893-8095, Fax:
805-893-2578, email: gautier@icess.ucsb.edu, and Diane Schweizer,
NASA Headquarters, , Washington, DC USA, email:
Diane.Schweizer@nasa.gov
ED11 Earth and Space Science Materials for Students With Special Needs (POSTER)
The proposed poster session would present efforts by faculty and
educators from across the country who have adapted Earth and space
science materials for use by students with special needs. The posters
will help to (1) familiarize the audience with the diversity of
exceptional classroom and audience needs; and (2) familiarize educators
of exceptional students with the wide variety of standards-based Earth
and space science educational support materials available from a
variety of sources, including NASA's Offices of Earth and Space
Science. Materials to be discussed and displayed will vary from minor
modifications for students with visual and hearing impairments to
material requiring assistive technology for the more physically and
mobility impaired. Visitors to the poster session may also begin to
form the nexus of a network of educators and product developers who
will continue to work together to raise awareness of exceptional needs
educational materials in the Earth and space sciences.
Conveners: Cassandra Runyon, College of Charleston, 66
George Street, Charleston, SC 29424 USA, Tel: 843.953.8279, Fax:
843.953.5446, email: runyonc@cofc.edu, and Keith Watt, Arizona
State University, Department of Geological Sciences PO Box 871404 ,
Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 USA, email: kwatt@asu.edu
ED12 Fixing the Holes in the Leaky Pipeline (POSTER)
A "leaky pipeline" has been identified as one of the reasons that women
remain underrepresented in senior positions in geophysics. This
session will focus on the current status of women in scientific
research and explore some of the causes for their departure from the
field, particularly in academic positions. We encourage contributions
from speakers involved in implementing programs to patch the pipeline,
including mentoring (at all levels) and improving working conditions.
The NSF Advance initiative will be highlighted. A poster format will
facilitate networking with students and younger scientists.
Conveners:
Robin Bell, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Torrey Cliff,
Palisades, NY 10964-8000 USA, Tel: 845 - 365 - 8827, email:
robinb@ldeo.columbia.edu, and Catherine O'Riordan, AGU, 2000
Florida Ave, Washington, DC 20009 USA, Tel: 202-777-7501, Fax:
202-328-0566, email: coriordan@agu.org
ED13 Teaching Petrology in the 21st Century
This session will attract faculty who teach petrology and those who are
interested in how petrology fits into the wider context of Earth
science education. Drawing on the range of exciting innovations
currently in use in petrology courses, contributed abstracts are sought
that highlight examples of effective course designs, methods,
activities, and laboratories. The session will also present some of
the outcomes from the 2003 NAGT On the Cutting Edge Petrology workshop
(http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/petrology03/index.html)
including the scope of modern petrology, its relationship to an Earth
system approach, critical barriers to improved teaching, and
alternative approaches to petrology courses.
Conveners:
Cameron Davidson,
Carleton College, , Northfield, MN 55057 USA, Tel: 507 646 7144, email: cdavidso@carleton.edu, and
David Mogk,
Montana State University, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Bozeman, MT USA, Tel: 406-994-6916, email: mogk@montana.edu, and
Cathryn Manduca,
Carleton College, , Northfield, MN 55057 USA, email: cmanduca@carleton.edu
ED14 Undergraduate Research in Geoscience (POSTER)
This session is intended to feature posters on geophysics research
performed by undergraduates are encouraged. Posters by mentors on
integrating undergraduates into research projects are also welcome.
Society of Physics Student (SPS) members are especially encouraged to
submit research posters, as well as posters describing chapter science
outreach efforts. Participants in the NSF-sponsored Research
Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program will also find this
session a good place to present their research and share their
experiences with other scientists.
Conveners:
Isidoros Doxas,
University of Colorado, UCB 390
, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel: (303) 492 7988, Fax: (303) 492 0642, email: doxas@colorado.edu, and
Gary White,
AIP, One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740 USA, Tel: 301-209-3013, Fax: 301-209-0839, email: gwhite@aip.org, and
Katherine McCall,
University of Nevada-Reno, Dept of Physics/220
, Reno, NV 89557-0058 USA, Tel: 775-784-4991, email: mccall@unr.edu
ED15 The Next Generation: Research Projects of High School-Aged Geoscientists (INVITED ONLY)
Several science programs in the San Francisco Bay Area region are aimed
at encouraging talented high school-aged students to discover the Earth
and space sciences through after-school and summer programs that
provide hands-on research opportunities in these fields. This
invitation-only session will highlight recent student research
activities associated with these programs. Among the students being
invited are those participating in the NSF-funded SF ROCKS! Program, a
partnership between San Francisco State University, the City College of
San Francisco, and the San Francisco Unified School District.
Conveners:
Jill Karsten, AGU, 2000 Florida Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20009 USA,
Tel: 202-777-7508, Fax: 202-328-0566, email: jkarsten@agu.org, and
Carl Katsu, Science Dept., Fairfield Area School District, 4840
Fairfield Road, Fairfield, PA 17320 USA, Tel: 717-642-8228, Fax:
717-642-2029, email: katsucf@yahoo.com, and Karen Grove, San
Francisco State University, Department of Geosciences 1600 Holloway
Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA, Tel: 415-338-2617, Fax:
415-338-7705, email: kgrove@sfsu.edu
ED16 The Benefits and Challenges of Education and Public Outreach Efforts Associated With Scientific Research Programs
Space and Earth scientists who are involved in NSF Science and
Technology Centers, NASA missions, and individual research awards have
increasing opportunities to plan and implement significant education
and public outreach (EPO) programs. We propose a session where
scientist-educator or "PI-EPO led" partnerships coauthor papers about
their EPO programs and the benefits and challenges of having them
closely associated with scientific research programs. Our invitees and
contributors will represent multiple AGU space and Earth science
disciplines and will include an appropriate mix of large, medium, and
small EPO programs and projects.
Conveners: David Alexander, Rice University, Dept. of
Physics and Astronomy 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005 USA, Tel: 713
348-4938, Fax: 713 348-4150, email: dalexander@spd.aas.org, and
Cherilynn Morrow, Space Science Institute, 3100 Marine Street, Room
A353 , Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-492-7321, Fax: 303-492-3789,
email: camorrow@colorado.edu, and James Thieman, NASA/GSFC, Code
633, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-286-9790, Fax:
301-286-1771, email: thieman@nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Frank Ireton,
Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Road, Suite
500, Lanham, MD 20706 USA, Tel: 301-867-2034, email:
frank_ireton@sesda.com
ED17 Bringing Extrasolar Planets to Teachers, Students, and the Public
The discovery of more than 100 extrasolar planets excites and engages
students, teachers, and the public in the quest for other worlds. In
June 2004, the transit of Venus will highlight one technique for
discovering other worlds: watching for a planet to cross the face of
its star. In 2007, NASA's Kepler mission begins observations for the
transits of distant terrestrial planets; subsequently, using other
strategies, further NASA Origins missions will seek evidence of worlds
that might bear life. National and international education and outreach
activities and programs are being planned for the Transit of Venus, the
Kepler mission, and other Origins missions. This session will present
the upcoming opportunities for education and outreach surrounding the
search for extrasolar planets.
Conveners:
Edna K. DeVore, SETI Institute, 2035 Landings Dr., Mountain View, CA
94043 USA, Tel: 650-960-4538, Fax: 650-961-7099, email:
edevore@seti.org, and Alan Gould, Lawrence Hall of Science, U. C.
Berkeley #5200 , Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-643-5082, Fax:
510-642-1055, email: agould@uclink4.berkeley.edu
ED18 Exploiting the Electronic Media to Communicate Science (POSTER)
The rapid development and expansion of the Internet and electronic-based
resources within the
scientific and technical community has had profound changes in the way
geophysical science is being conducted. This interactive poster
session will use real-time Internet connections to highlight the many
ways that these new technologies have influenced our teaching practices and
our research strategies and how we communicate as a community.
We welcome presentations that demonstrate innovative use of
electronic media, such as dynamic Web-based storage and dissemination
of data and simulations, multidimensional visualization and animation,
and instructor-student communication.
Conveners:
Kim Bak Olsen, Institute for Crustal Studies, University of California
at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-1100 USA, Tel: 805 893 7394,
Fax: 805 893 8649, email: kbolsen@crustal.ucsb.edu
ED19 Teacher Professional Development Programs Promoting Authentic Scientific Research in the Classroom
In this session a number of major issues in teacher professional
development in science education will be discussed: online learning,
effective teaching strategies and techniques, building a professional
development program, community collaboration, equity/diversity issues,
promoting change, assessment and evaluation, reform, curriculum
development, and leadership development. Presenters representing
programs will make recommendations for designing and implementing a
science curriculum that aligns with national, state, and local reform
efforts in science education. Participants in the session will discuss
how their leadership positions assume responsibility to retain and
renew science teachers and, ultimately, to enhance student learning and
keep the brightest and most motivated new teachers in the profession.
In particular, presenters will outline key strategies, structures,
policies, and practices that contribute to developing and sustaining
quality mentoring programs. In terms of the curricula and embedded
research activities, presenters will discuss their program's particular
framework for conceptual learning. A key resulting issue in
presentations will be the effective transfer of knowledge the teacher
gains from professional development in science research to the students
through implementing a research program within the classroom. This
session will address how teacher professional development programs play
an essential role in science education reform.
Conveners:
Connie Walker, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 N. Cherry
Ave , Tucson, AZ 85719 USA, Tel: 520-318-8535, Fax: 520-318-8451,
email: cwalker@noao.edu, and Isabel Hawkins, Space Sciences
Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA,
Tel: 510-643-5662, email: isabelh@ssl.berkeley.edu, and Steven K.
Croft, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 N. Cherry Ave,
Tucson, AZ 85719 USA, Tel: 520-318-8495, Fax: 520-318-8451, email:
scroft@noao.edu, and Stephen M. Pompea, National Optical Astronomy
Observatory, 950 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA, Tel:
520-318-8285, Fax: 520-318-8451, email: spompea@noao.edu
ED20 Building a Better Classroom: Improving Teacher Education Through the Earth System Science Education Alliance
The Earth System Science Education Alliance (ESSEA) is a partnership
between the Center for Educational Technologies (CET) at Wheeling
Jesuit University and the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
(IGES), through funding from NASA's Earth Science Enterprise. The
program is based on a trio of peer-reviewed courses for K-12 teachers,
developed within the CET, that have been rated outstanding by an
independent review and are offered through a unique partnership
involving over 20 colleges, universities, and other science
organizations across the country. To date, over 700 teachers have
completed at least one of the semester-long, graduate level courses.
ESSEA uses an instructional model that has proven effective and
successful for K-12 science teacher education. This model addresses
content and process, i.e., knowledge of Earth system science and the
appropriate inquiry-based methods to teach it. This gets at the lack
of professional development of ESS teachers, especially those in grades
K-8. It also demonstrates the effectiveness of the World Wide Web in
the promotion of professional development of K-12 Earth system science
educators. This session will include presentations by ESSEA program
management and participating ESSEA universities, focusing on the
content and structure of the courses, which can be freely downloaded
and used by any organization, as well as lessons learned about online
instruction.
Conveners:
Theresa G. Schwerin,
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 1600 Wilson Blvd.
Suite 901, Arlington, VA 22209 USA, Tel: 703-312-0825, Fax: 703-312-8657, email: theresa_schwerin@strategies.org, and
Robert Myers,
CET - Wheeling Jesuit University, 316 Washington Ave., Wheeling, WV 26003 USA, Fax: 304-243-2497, email: bmyers@cet.edu
ED21 Conceptions, Cognition, and Change: Student Thinking About the Earth
The geoscience education community needs an opportunity to showcase the
latest work in the areas of conceptual change and cognition. This
session will allow researchers from both the geology and science
education communities to interact and share the newest developments.
Research-focused presentations on students' ideas about the Earth,
teaching and effects on conceptual change, and mental models would be
welcome additions to this session. Potential questions to address
include the following: 1) What ideas do students bring to the Earth
sciences classroom? (2) What cognitive processes do students use when
thinking about the Earth? (3) How do Earth-related mental models
correspond to teaching models used in the classroom and conceptual
models adopted by the Earth science community at large? and (4) How
does participation in Earth science classes affect conceptions (i.e.,
conceptual change) and cognitive development?
Conveners:
Julie C Libarkin, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60
Garden St. MS-71, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, Tel: 617-496-4795, email:
jlibarki@cfa.harvard.edu, and Steven Anderson, Black Hills State
University, Science Department, Black Hills State University,
Spearfish, SD 57799-9102 USA, Tel: (605) 642-6506, email:
steveanderson@bhsu.edu
ED22 Promoting Undergraduate Education Through Involvement in Research
The last several decades have seen a growing awareness of the
educational benefits of undergraduate research involvement. Anecdotal
evidence suggests that students who participate in research projects
gain confidence in their scientific abilities, develop strong
collaborative and communication skills, and test their interests in
pursuing scientific careers. In this session we provide a forum for
presentations on the implementation of undergraduate research projects.
Our goal is to share what works and what does not work in order to
promote more effective use of the research experience in the scientific
education of undergraduates. This session is cosponsored by the
Council on Undergraduate Research.
Conveners:
Linda A Reinen,
Pomona College, Geology Department
609 N. College Ave.
, Claremont, CA 91711 USA, Tel: 909-621-8672, Fax: 909-621-8552, email: lreinen@pomona.edu, and
Kirsten Menking,
Vassar College, , , USA, Tel: 845-437-5545, email: kimenking@vassar.edu
ED23 Computer Modeling in Earth Science Education
Computers are an increasingly important tool in the Earth sciences and
are used for research in fields such as paleoclimatology, seismology,
and hydrogeology. Many students now entering graduate school or the
job market will be called upon to use computers to model complex
systems or to acquire and handle digital data sets. Others will be
required to critically evaluate modeling projects reported in the
geological literature. Despite these trends, most students lack
exposure to the modeling process. In this session we explore ways of
teaching modeling skills to bridge this gap in Earth science education.
Conveners:
Kirsten M. Menking,
Vassar College, Department of Geology and Geography
Box 59, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA, Tel: 845-437-5545, Fax: 845-437-7577, email: kimenking@vassar.edu, and
John T. Snow,
The University of Oklahoma, College of Geosciences
Sarkeys Energy Center, Suite 710
100 East Boyd Street, Norman, OK 73019-0628 USA, Tel: 405-325-3101, Fax: 405-325-3148, email: JSnow@OU.edu, and
David Bice,
Carleton College, Department of Geology
Mudd Hall, Northfield, MN 55057 USA, Tel: 507-646-4419, email: dbice@Carleton.edu
ED24 Scholarly Journals in the Digital Age
In the last decade, the growth of the internet has had a dramatic impact
on the way scholarly journals are created, managed and delivered to
scientists. Digital publishing is now the norm. This capability opens
new doors for how (and what) information can be communicated to
researchers through a scholarly journal, what types of services
professional societies can provide, and how scientific research itself
is conducted and reviewed. The capability also creates new challenges
for societies to consider, including their role as intellectual
stewards, long term archival strategies, and equitable access for
developing nations. This session is open to a broad range of
participants, including authors, editors, educators, librarians,
publishers and professional society representatives. Abstracts are
solicited which demonstrate what has been done, both successfully and
unsuccessfully, in electronic publishing, consider what could be done
in the future, or assess obstacles towards further innovation.
Conveners:
Dennis Boccippio, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, SD-60, Marshall
Space Fligh, AL 35812 USA, Tel: 256-961-7909, Fax: 256-961-7979, email:
Dennis.Boccippio@nasa.gov, and Keith Seitter, American
Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02108-3693 USA,
Tel: 617-227-2425, Fax: 617-742-8718, email: kseitter@ametsoc.org
Study of the Earth's Deep Interior
Study of the Earth's Deep Interior also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental, and Observational Constraints
S02 The Fate of Seismic Waves: Measurement and Interpretation of Q of the Earth
S11 The African Superswell Province: From Core to Crust
S17 Theories of Earth's Interior
T10 Structure and Dynamics of Oceanic Upper Mantle
V12 The Origins of Hot Spots, LIPS, Seamount Chains and Volcanic Ridges
V18 State of the Art in Theory of Materials: Methods and Applications
NG01 Visualization, Analysis, and Distributed Computing in Nonlinear Geosciences
T04 Causes and Consequences of Lateral Heterogeneity in the Earth's Mantle
T14 New Views of the Structure and Composition of the Deep Earth
T16 Heat Sources in the Core
V17 New Frontiers in High-Pressure Research
GC00 General Global Climate Change Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Global Climate Change may be
submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit
into one of the approved, preorganized Global Climate Change sessions.
General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and
sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
Conveners:
Henry N. Pollack, University of Michigan, Department of Geological
Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063 USA, Tel: 734-763-0084, Fax:
734-763-4690, email: hpollack@umich.edu
GC01 Reconstructing Hydroclimatic Variability in North America: Progress, Methods, and Uncertainties
Over the past 50 years, tree rings have been used to reconstruct
hydroclimatic variability (e.g., precipitation, drought indices,
streamflow) for a range of spatial scales across North America.
Progress continues to be made in the development and use of new
statistical methods for dendroclimatic reconstruction and
representations of the reconstructions across many temporal and spatial
scales. This progress is being fueled by the pressing need to
understand the long-term properties and causes of hydroclimatic
variability across North America. Innovative applications of
high-resolution hydroclimatic reconstructions have also dictated the
development of different statistical methods and ways to package and
present reconstruction data, often drawing on analytical techniques
developed for climate diagnostics and forecasting. For example, the
use of tree ring based streamflow reconstructions in management
applications has promoted other ways of addressing, quantifying, and
describing uncertainty in both instrumental data and tree ring models.
The goal of this session is to provide a forum for the presentation and
discussion of high-resolution hydroclimatic reconstructions developed
to extend the instrumental record of environmental conditions.
Abstracts are encouraged that describe new reconstructions, techniques,
or applications using tree ring data that improve understanding of the
long-term properties and causes of hydroclimatic variability across
North America.
Conveners:
Connie Woodhouse, NOAA Paleoclimatology Branch, NCDC, 325 Broadway,
E/CC23, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 303-497-6297, email:
connie.woodhouse@noaa.gov, and Edward Cook, Tree-Ring Laboratory,
Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, P.O. Box 1000, Palisades, NY 10964
USA, email: drdendro@ldeo.columbia.edu, and Robert Webb,
NOAA/OAR/Climate Diagnostics Center, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305
USA, email: Robert.S.Webb@noaa.gov
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
Much of paleoenvironmental research has focused on (quasi-) equilibrium
climate states of the past, such as the Eemian (roughly between 140,000
and 117,000 years before present) or the Last Glacial Maximum (21,000
years before present). Here the terms "climate state" and "climate
system" include the whole Earth system as inferred by climatologists,
geologists, and ecologists, among others. By making comparisons with
the present-day climate state, we have been able to infer the magnitude
of climate-sensitivity parameters. However, only nonequilibrium or
transient climate states, such as the last deglaciation, allow us to
assess the magnitude of the inertia in the Earth system. Areas of
interest include, but are not limited to, forcing factors (greenhouse
gas concentrations), climatic variables (temperature, hydrological
balance, glacier mass balance, sea level), and the biosphere
(biodiversity, alpine timberline, land cover change). Estimates of past
rates of change can provide us with a long-term perspective on recent
changes and help us to appreciate their magnitude. Furthermore, they
give us a taste of how rapid climate change may operate in the future.
State-of-the-art Earth system models require a variety of field-based
estimates for the inertia of the climate system in order to make
reliable predictions for the future. Modeling and/or field-based
submissions to this session should specifically address how fast some
aspect of the Earth system changed in the past and compare this rate
with available estimates of modern and/or future change.
Conveners: Keith Alverson, PAGES International Project
Office, Bärenplatz 2, Bern, 3011 CHE, Tel: 41 31 312 3133, Fax: 41 31
312 3168, email: alverson@pages.unibe.ch, and Julie Brigham-Grette,
University of Massachusetts, Morrill Science Center, Amherst, MA 01003
USA, Tel: 413 5454840, Fax: 413 545 1200, email: juliebg@geo.umass.edu,
and Thomas Stocker, University of Bern, Climate and Environmental
Physics Sidlerstrasse 5, Bern, 3012 CHE, Tel: 41 31 631 4464, Fax: 41
31 631 8742, email: stocker@climate.unibe.ch
GC03 Geophysical Field Studies and Techniques
Applied to Underground Storage of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in All
Phases of Site Characterization, Injection and Storage Operations, and
Monitoring
Present and future climate change goals for reduction
of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide could be met by
processes such as geologic sequestration: the capturing of carbon
dioxide from power plants or other emissions streams, and storage in
deep underground reservoirs. Existing geophysical methods such as
active seismic surveys, passive seismic monitoring, electrical methods,
and other techniques, as well as new emerging geophysical tools, would
play a major role in the host site characterization, injection, and
storage operations, and monitoring for safe and compliant
sequestration. This session focuses only on carbon dioxide
sequestation, and abstracts are sought that utilize innovative
geophysical methods in recently completed field studies or planned
field studies. Abstracts are also sought that describe new and
innovative emerging geophysical tools that could be available within
five years.
Conveners:
Karen Kluger Cohen, U.S. Department of Energy/National Energy
Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road , Pittsburgh, PA 15102
USA, Tel: 412-386-6667, Fax: 412-386-4775, email: cohen@netl.doe.gov,
and Charles Byrer, U.S. Department of Energy/National Energy
Technology Laboratory, 3610 Collins Ferry Road, Morgantown, WV 26507
USA, Tel: 304-285-4546, Fax: 304-285-4638, email:
charles.byrer@netl.doe.gov
Global Climate Change also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
P01 Geological Evidence for Recent Climate Change on Mars
PP13 Rapid Climate Change during the Holocene and Last Glacial
B01 Disturbance, Climate, and Management Impacts on Carbon Budgets of Forested Ecosystems
B02 Soil Carbon Changes With Biomass Removal
B07 The Effects of Forest Disturbance on Watershed Processes: Hydrology, Soils, Biota, and Water Chemistry
B11 Environmental Assessment From the Width, Anatomy, and Chemical Composition of Tree Rings
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
B23 Very High Resolution Land Cover Mapping Applications to Resource Management
B24 Validation and Application of Land Surface Products From the MODIS Sensor
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
G11 Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (ALSM): Technology, Applications and Results
H20 Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP)
H40 Environmental Impacts of Coal-Bed Methane Development
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas Hydrate From Around the Globe
PP07 Evolution of the Antarctic Climate System: Modeling and Observation
PP08 Old World Social Responses to Holocene Abrupt Climate Change Events
PP10 The Last Interglacial
PP11 Global, Hemispheric and Regional Climate Signals During the Last Millennium
PP12 Evolution of Earth's Greenhouse Effect
A11 Integrating Aerosol Measurements and Models
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive, Translator, and Facilitator
C04 Ice-Ocean Interactions and the Cryosphere
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
NG06 From Microscale to Macroscale: Models for
Material Damage Mechanics and Earth System Dynamics, and Their Relation
to Seismicity and Earthquakes
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of Ecosystem Change
B26 Land Use Impacts on Trace Gas Exchanges: BATREX Contribution to New Global Change Science Agenda
H34 Use of Remotely Sensed Boundary Conditions in Land Surface Modeling
OS02 Changes in the Fresh Water Budget of the Ocean From Decades to Centuries
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North America
PP02 Southern Ocean Climatic Evolution: The Marine Geologic Record
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates
History of Geophysics also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
PP08 Old World Social Responses to Holocene Abrupt Climate Change Events
V01 Centennial Celebration of Radioisotopic Geochronology: Dates, Rates, and New Debates
Mineral and Rock Physics also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental, and Observational Constraints
B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
GP02 Magnetic Anisotropy and Its Applications
GP03 Fundamental and Applied Rock Magnetism
GP04 New Approaches in Rock Magnetism and Paleomagnetism: Merging Magnetic Methods With Analytical Techniques
GP10 Magnetic Petrology and its Applications to Tectonics, Remote Sensing, and the Martian Climate
H13 Interactions Between Fluids and Fractures
H18 Hydrogeophysics: Characterization and Monitoring of Soil Properties and Processes in the Laboratory
S02 The Fate of Seismic Waves: Measurement and Interpretation of Q of the Earth
S13 Scale-Frequency Phenomena and Earth Structure
S15 Mechanical Strength of the Continental Lithosphere
S17 Theories of Earth's Interior
T10 Structure and Dynamics of Oceanic Upper Mantle
T12 Ground and Space Methods for Monitoring EM Preearthquake Phenomena
V05 Many Facets of Garnet: Recorders of Crust and Mantle Dynamics
NG06 From Microscale to Macroscale: Models for
Material Damage Mechanics and Earth System Dynamics, and Their Relation
to Seismicity and Earthquakes
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
V16 Medical Mineralogy
V18 State of the Art in Theory of Materials: Methods and Applications
T17 The Structure and Physical Properties of Grain Boundaries in Rocks
T04 Causes and Consequences of Lateral Heterogeneity in the Earth's Mantle
T14 New Views of the Structure and Composition of the Deep Earth
V17 New Frontiers in High-Pressure Research
NG00 General Nonlinear Geophysics Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Nonlinear Geophysics may be
submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit
into one of the approved, preorganized Nonlinear Geophysics sessions.
General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and
sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
Nonlinear Geophysics fosters a focus on the general area of nonlinear
geophysical systems, including mathematical and theoretical geophysics,
complex systems, and nonlinear processes in the geophysical sciences.
Examples of nonlinear geophysics research include fractals,
multifractals, chaos, nonlinear waves including shock waves, solitons,
turbulence, cascades and vortex dynamics, scaling, critical phenomena
and nucleation, and time series analysis. Any contribution that covers
the broad range of nonlinear geophysics will be considered.
Conveners:
Sarah F. Tebbens,
University of South Florida, College of Marine Science
140 Seventh Ave., S., St. Petersburg, FL 33701 USA, Tel: 727-553-1538, Fax: 727-553-3966, email: tebbens@marine.usf.edu
NG01 Visualization, Analysis, and Distributed Computing in Nonlinear Geosciences
Researchers in nonlinear geophysical phenomena are confronted with numerical,
satellite, and experimental datas ets of exponentially increasing sizes.
These data sets are stored on one or several servers geographically
distributed. Increasing collaborations between researchers throughout the
world motivate the use of shared resources, whether in the form of
computational grids, storage areas, visualization servers,
data mining centers, etc. In this session we hope to bring together all the researcher using
modern tools of analysis, feature extraction, visualization, and
compression to ease the task of shared interaction between geographically
distributed researchers. Contributions are sought in areas of nonlinear
geophysics that cover the entire spectrum of spatial and temporal scales,
ranging from the molecular level, such as bacteria growth,
to core dynamics. Special consideration will be given to novel tools that help
extract features, run on distributed/heterogeneous systems, compress data, etc.
Data analysis techniques such as wavelet, cluster, and statistical analysis,
data assimilation (4D var), together with any combination of wireless
communication, high-performance scientific and community
visualization, use of middleware, and grid computing, are welcome.
Conveners: Gordon Erlebacher, Florida State University,
208 Love Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA, Tel: 850-644-0186,
Fax: 850-644-0098, email: erlebach@csit.fsu.edu, and David A. Yuen,
University of Minnesota, Department of Geology and Geophysics, ,
Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, Tel: (612) 624-1868, Fax: (612) 624-8861,
email: davey@krissy.geo.umn.edu, and Bryan Travis, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, EES-5/MS-F665, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel:
505-667-1254, Fax: 505-665-8737, email: bjtravis@lanl.gov
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
From the upper atmosphere down to rivers and oceans, our fluid Earth is
the site of nonlinear processes generating flows that are highly
variable over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. These flows
display many chaotic features including a wide variety of fractal
structures and multifractal fields. These flows are sensitively
dependent on the initial and/or boundary conditions. This session is
devoted to the latest empirical, theoretical operational developments,
and applications of fractal and multifractal and chaotic models and of
nonlinear time/space series analysis techniques to our fluid Earth.
Posible topics include extreme events; nonlinear time/space series
analysis of climatic data (empirical data and GCM time series);
predictability limits (power laws versus exponentials) and effective
forecast ability; anomalous transport and dispersion of pollutants;
scaling anisotropic processes, such as convection and stratification in
the atmosphere and oceans; scaling space-time models of processes and
flows; and climate steady states, invariant measures, and stochastic
perturbations. Lively sessions will give the opportunity to anyone,
from young scientists to policy makers, to present their point of view.
Conveners:
Daniel J.M. Schertzer, LMM, University P. & M. Curie and
Meteo-France, Case 162 4 Place Jussieu , Paris, F-75005 FRA, Tel: 33
1 4427 4963, Fax: 33 1 4427 5259, email: schertze@ccr.jussieu.fr, and
Shaun Lovejoy, Physics Dept, McGill U., 3600 University St., Montreal,
Que H3A 2T8 CAN, Tel: 514 398 6537, Fax: 514-398-8434, email:
lovejoy@physics.mcgill.ca
NG03 Geomorphologic Organization and Its Physical Basis
This session encourages contributions that quantify the organization of
morphologic, hydrologic, and ecobiologic processes across earthscape
environments and scales. Of special interest are studies that (1)
attempt to explain the observed organization based on physical
principles; (2) connect organization of interacting processes (e.g.,
network structure, vegetation, channel morphometry, and hydrology); (3)
contrast organization in fluvial and depositional systems; and (4)
explore how scaling relationships can be used in predictive modeling.
Conveners:
Efi Foufoula, St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota,
Mississippi River at 3rd Avenue SE , Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA, Tel:
612-626-0369, Fax: 612-624-4398, email: efi@umn.edu, and Ignacio
Rodriguez-Iturbe, Princeton University, Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, Princeton University,, Princeton, NJ 08544
USA, Tel: 609-258-4600, Fax: 609-258-1270, email:
irodrigu@princeton.edu, and Chris Paola, St. Anthony Falls
Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Mississippi River at 3rd Avenue
SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA, Tel: 612-624-0825, Fax: 612-624-4398,
email: cpaola@umn.edu
NG04 Fractals, Chaos, and SOC in Natural and Human-Induced Hazards
Natural and man-made hazards include a wide range of spatial and
temporal scales. In natural systems, many interacting components
combine to produce nonlinear power law behaviors that are the signature
of complexity. Examples of hazards that exhibit power law scaling
include floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis,
forest fires, cyclonic storms, coastal erosion, droughts, climate
variability, and hazardous waste contamination. This session will
focus on applying the concepts of fractals, multifractals, chaos, and
self-organized criticality to the characterization, modeling, risk
assessment, and mitigation of natural and man-made hazards. Abstracts
that link multiple disciplines or data sets are also encouraged.
Conveners:
Sarah Tebbens, University of South Florida, 140 Seventh Avenue, S.,
St. Petersburg, FL 33701 USA, Tel: 727-553-1538, email:
tebbens@marine.usf.edu, and Stephen Burroughs, University of Tampa,
Department of Chemistry and Physics, 401 West Kennedy Blvd., Tampa, FL
33606 USA, email: sburroughs@ut.edu
NG05 Space-Time Pattern Discovery and Forecasting in Complex Fault Networks
In recent years, advances in theoretical analysis, laboratory
experiments, field observations, and computer simulations have led to
significant progress toward the long-term goal of understanding the
nature of seismic sources and the construction of a quantitative
physical model for the entire earthquake process. At the same time,
the issue of earthquake prediction has remained remarkably
intractable. Here we solicit abstracts on both emerging systematic
methods which increase our knowledge of the physical processes
responsible for the distribution of earthquakes in space and time, and
new models, technologies, and tools which quantify both the
seismotectonic process and its evolution. Particular emphasis will be
placed on the ability to forecast large events, to include (1)
earthquake nucleation and dynamic rupture processes; (2) comprehensive
physical modeling; (3) space-time patterns of seismicity and related
geophysical fields; (4) quantitative hypothesis testing of hypotheses
of precursors and their underlying mechanisms; and (5) triggered
earthquake sequences.
Conveners:
Kristy Tiampo,
Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, , London, ON CAN, Tel: 303-378-5130, email: ktiampo@uwo.ca, and
Marian Anghel,
Computer and Computational Sciences Division, MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, email: manghel@lanl.gov
NG06 From Microscale to Macroscale: Models
for Material Damage Mechanics and Earth System Dynamics, and Their
Relation to Seismicity and Earthquakes
Earth system dynamics are
known to span a vast range in spatial and temporal scales and to be
strongly coupled across all scales. Whereas the macroscale processes
are usually observable to some extent, most of the microscopic
processes are fundamentally unobservable and must therefore be studied
by indirect means. The most promising and successful of these
techniques involve the use of numerical simulations coupled with models
based on statistical mechanics. Focus will be placed on problems
involving the evolution of damage and microcracks in Earth materials
(the microscale), which often precede catastrophic macroscopic failure
(the macroscale). The physics of damage is an example of the
interaction of two widely disparate scales. Topics considered for
inclusion in this session therefore include models for damage,
seismicity, and other Earth system processes that span wide ranges of
scale, including landslides, forest fire models, glass transition,
nucleation, critical phenomena, occurrence of ergodic behavior in
nonequilibrium systems, self-organized criticality, and statistical
physics/computational approaches. Of particular interest are talks
that relate models to observable data or that demonstrate new
computational simulations and approaches.
Conveners:
John B Rundle, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA
95616 USA, Tel: 530-752-6416, Fax: 530-754-4885, email:
jbrundle@ucdavis.edu, and Robert Shcherbakov, University of
California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616 USA, Tel: (530) 752-6419,
Fax: (530) 752-4885, email: roshch@physics.ucdavis.edu, and Donald L
Turcotte, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616
USA, Tel: (530) 752-6808, Fax: (530) 752-4885, email:
turcotte@geology.ucdavis.edu
NG07 Critical Point Theory of Earthquake Precursors
The concept of a critical point has been borrowed from statistical
physics to describe the spatial and temporal evolution of regional
seismicity before large earthquakes. Observational studies claim to
document the power law acceleration of seismicity and the growing
correlation length of the stress field expected if the crust approaches
a critical state before a large event. Theoretical studies explore the
nature of this hypothesized crustal critical point and fluctuations
around it. We encourage observational abstracts of phenomenology that
either support or refute the critical point hypothesis, and all
relevant theoretical studies.
Conveners:
Charles G. Sammis,
University of Southern California, Department of Earth Sciences, 3651 Trousdale Pkwy
, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA, Tel: 213-740-6106, email: sammis@usc.edu, and
Christopher H. Scholz,
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, P.O. Box 1000, Palisades, NY 10964 USA, Tel: 845-365-8360, email: scholz@ldeo.columbia.edu
Nonlinear Geophysics also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
A15 Ocean/Atmospheric Modeling
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
H02 Earth Surface: Processes and Landscapes (POSTER)
H03 Extreme Event Geomorphology
H11 Optimization for Model Calibration and Management in Water Resources
H13 Interactions Between Fluids and Fractures
H15 The Influence of Scale on Characterization of Fractured-Rock Aquifers
H18 Hydrogeophysics: Characterization and Monitoring of Soil Properties and Processes in the Laboratory
H21 Use of Artificial Intelligence Methods in Geosciences (POSTER)
H27 Surface Water Hydrology and Water Resources (POSTER)
H29 Hydrologic Predictions in Ungauged Basins: PUB
H31 Hillslope Hydrologic Processes: New Directions in Monitoring and Modeling
H33 Linking Lateral Hydrologic and Geomorphic Processes to Space-time Scaling Behavior in the Near-Surface Environment (POSTER)
S04 Earthquake Location: Applications and Developments of New Techniques
S05 Stress Transfer, Triggered Earthquakes, and Time-Dependent Seismic Hazard
S10 The Energy Budget of the “Earthquake Machine”
S13 Scale-Frequency Phenomena and Earth Structure
SM08 Exploring the Digital Geospace: Modern Methods of Spatial Data Analysis
AE02 The Physics of Lightning and Storm Electrification
PA00 General Public Affairs Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Public Affairs may be submitted to
this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of
the approved, preorganized Public Affairs sessions. General
contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions
will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
Conveners:
Jack D. Fellows,
P.O. Box 3000, , Boulder, CO 80307-3000 USA, Tel: 303-497-8655, Fax: 303-497-8638, email: jfellows@ucar.edu
PA01 Oceanographic Research and Marine Mammals
Using sound to understand the ocean is essential. Light travels only a
few hundred meters into the ocean before it is absorbed. Marine mammals
(whales, dolphins, and seals) therefore rely on sound to sense their
surroundings, to communicate, and to navigate. Similarly,
oceanographers, fishermen, and submariners, in short, all who work in
the ocean, rely on sound to sense their surroundings, to communicate,
and to navigate. Fishermen, for example, use acoustic fish finders to
locate schools of fish. Oceanographers use sound in the sea for a wide
variety of purposes, including assessing fish stocks, measuring ocean
bathymetry, communicating under water, transmitting data from subsea
instruments to the surface, navigating under water, profiling ocean
currents, and measuring large-scale ocean temperature variability. The
U.S. Navy uses sound for many of these same purposes, as well as to
detect and track submarines and locate mines. While the Office of
Naval Research has effectively sponsored considerable research on the
effects of acoustics on marine mammals, our current understanding must
be improved. For example, an enhanced research program on the effects
of under water sound on marine mammals is needed. It would be
important that this program be independent, peer reviewed, and involve
participation from funding agencies in addition to the Office of Naval
Research. Private industry and nongovernmental organizations could be
asked to provide funding to answer outstanding questions as well.
There are growing areas of concern to the oceanographic community. The
current regulatory procedures under the Marine Mammal Protection Act
are complex and fraught with delays, costly in both time and money, and
uncertain in their outcome. The existing regime makes obtaining the
necessary authorizations for using sound in the sea so arduous that it
is having a chilling effect on a wide variety of important uses of
sound in the sea. We solicit abstracts for this session that address
scientific aspects of the effects of sound on marine mammals.
Conveners:
John Orcutt, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, , La Jolla, CA
92093 USA, Tel: (858)534-2836, Fax: (858)453-0167, email:
jorcutt@ucsd.edu, and G. Michael Purdy, Lamont Doherty Earth
Observatory, Columbia University P.O. Box 1000 , Palisades, NY
10964-8000 USA, email: mpurdy@ldeo.columbia.edu, and Darlene Ketten,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, , Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA,
email: dketten@whoi.edu
Public Affairs also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
B23 Very High Resolution Land Cover Mapping Applications to Resource Management
H41 The Effects of Best Management Practices on Water Quality, Runoff Processes, and Sediment Transport
H08 Geohydrological Modeling in Support of Litigation
P03 The Asteroid Impact Hazard: Moving Beyond Spaceguard
PP08 Old World Social Responses to Holocene Abrupt Climate Change Events
ED08 Interactions With Native America and Tribal Colleges and Universities
ED17 Bringing Extrasolar Planets to Teachers, Students, and the Public
ED14 Undergraduate Research in Geoscience (POSTER)
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North America
ED03 Enhancing K-12 Earth Science Education Through Partnership
ED07 The GLOBE Program: What Has and Has Not Worked Well in the Past and Where Should It Go in the Future?