Full Detail Approved Session Listing

Designators for approved sessions belong to the lead section or focus group abbreviation (i.e., A01 denotes Atmospheric Sciences, P01 denotes Planetary Sciences, etc.) Additionally, approved sessions are listed under all sections or focus groups who have agreed to cosponsor particular sessions. These sessions are listed after the section and focus group primary listing but with the lead section designation. Some technical committees have elected to only cosponsor sessions.

Union

U01 Health, Air Pollution, and Climate
Air pollution contributes to mortality and respiratory disease worldwide, with developing countries often at highest risk. The World Health Organization estimates that between 1.4 and 6 million people die each year from air pollution, and in some populations up to 30% of all respiratory disease may be linked to air pollution. As the climate changes, increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are expected to yield new health challenges and may worsen existing risks. This session will address health impacts of air pollution and linkages between public health and climate change. Increasingly, health-driven projects are employing state-of-the-art modeling and measurement methodologies. We aim to bring together researchers engaged in applying atmospheric science to health issues, engaging a broad cross section of researchers from both developed and developing countries. Abstracts are solicited that address quantitative assessment methodologies for understanding the connections between health, air pollution, and climate. We intend for presentations to reflect research from the areas of atmospheric chemistry, climate change, public health, and public policy, especially where these fields overlap to address health impacts.
Conveners: Tracey Holloway, Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Earth Institute, Columbia University 2960 Broadway Hogan Hall, B-16, New York, NY 10027 USA, Tel: 212 854 9934, Fax: 212 854 6309, email: th2024@columbia.edu, and Galen McKinley, Instituto Nacional de Ecología, Periferico 5000, piso 4 Colonia Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Mexico, DF 04530 MEX, Tel: (5255) 5424 5402, Fax: (5255) 5424 5404, email: galen@alum.mit.edu

U02 The Contributions of 20 Years of Scientific Ocean Drilling
The year 2003 marks 20 years of scientific ocean drilling through the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), which has been widely hailed as perhaps the most successful example of international cooperation in all of geosciences and has resulted in important scientific advances in nearly all subfields of marine geology and geophysics. This year also heralds the formal beginning of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), an even more ambitious international program that will utilize a range of drilling platforms for scientific ocean drilling throughout the world's ocean basins. This session will celebrate the scientific contributions of scientific ocean drilling through the full range of geoscience themes. We particularly solicit abstracts that (1) synthesize interdisciplinary, thematic, or regional results over multiple expeditions, or (2) present historical perspectives on contributions of scientific ocean drilling from DSDP through ODP with an eye to the future contributions of IODP. We also encourage submission of abstracts that relate to the major findings of scientific ocean drilling, including (but not limited to) the evidence for climate change, both abrupt and long-term; the record of sea-level change; microbial presence and processes in the ocean sediments and crust; the nature of oceanic crust; subduction processes; and fluid flow in oceanic crust and sediments and in subduction settings.
Conveners: Keir Becker, University of Miami - RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA, Tel: 1-305-361-4661, Fax: 1-305-361-4632, email: kbecker@rsmas.miami.edu, and Nicklas Pisias, COAS, Oregon State University, , Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 1-541-737-5213, Fax: 1-541-737-2064, email: npisias@coas.oregonstate.edu

U03 Recent Infrasound Studies, Phenomena, and Development
Volcanologists, seismologists, and atmospheric physicists all have used infrasound (<20 Hz atmospheric acoustic waves) to infer characteristics of significant phenomena. Instrumenting, acquiring, and interpreting infrasound signals from natural and man-made activity requires an understanding of how significant phenomena generate long-period sound waves, how these waves propagate through the turbulent atmosphere, and how they can be clearly recorded despite high levels of wind and turbulent noise. The objective of this session is to discuss and present recent advances in the study of these sound waves for the purposes of better understanding source phenomenology and the structure of Earth's atmosphere.
Conveners: Chris Hayward, Department of Geological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750395, Dallas, TX 75275-0395 USA, Tel: 1 214 768-3031, Fax: 1 214 768-4291, email: hayward@smu.edu, and Michael Andrew Huvud Hedlin, Laboratory for Atmospheric Acoustics, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA, Tel: 1 858 534-8773, Fax: 1 858 534-6354, email: hedlin@ucsd.edu

U04 New Advances in Data and Service Access for Support of Science Research and Decision Support (POSTER)
This session focuses on new advances related to making diverse data usable and available to space and Earth science researchers and decision makers. It includes all aspects of the end-to-end data and service flow, from data organization to decision support systems. Topics also include standards, modeling, metadata, interoperability, and tool reuse.
Conveners: Robin Pfister, Mail Code 423, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301 614 5171, Fax: 301 614 5267, email: robin.g.pfister@nasa.gov, and Richard Ullman, Mail Code 423, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301 614 5228, Fax: 301 614 5267, email: richard.ullman@nasa.gov

U05 Earth's Collapsing Dipole
Earth's dipole moment has been decreasing at a rate of approximately 10% in the last 150 years, continuing a downward trend that has persisted over the last 4000 years. The trend has far-reaching implications, ranging from the potential for continued and more extensive satellite radiation damage, to the speculation that the field is heading toward reversal. Large changes in Earth's field may generate corresponding changes in structure of the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Atmospheric changes are known to result from present-day and historical variations in solar activity and might be responsible for accompanying climate changes. The presence or absence of a magnetic field plays an important role in planetary atmospheric conditions, with significant geochemical consequences. The goal of this session is to draw together observations and theoretical and computation studies from a range of geophysical disciplines to understand the nature and implications of this remarkable decrease in dipole intensity.
Conveners: John Tarduno, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, 227 Hutchison Hall, Rochester, NY 14627 USA, Tel: 585 275 5713, Fax: 585 244 5689, email: john@earth.rochester.edu, and Catherine Constable, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, SIO, University of California San Diego, , La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, Tel: 858 534 3183, Fax: 858 534 8090, email: cconstable@ucsd.edu, and Charles M. Jackman, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, MC 926, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001 USA, Tel: (301)614-6053, Fax: (301)614-5903, email: jackman@assess.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Eigil Friis-Christensen, Danish Space Research Institute, Juliane Maries Vej 30, Copenhagen, DK-2100 DNK, Tel: (+45) 3532 5707, email: efc@dsri.dk

U06 Virtual Observatories in Space and Earth Sciences
Progress during the next era in Earth and space science will benefit from an integrated data environment. That integrated data environment should ideally offer easy and simultaneous access to multiple sources of high-quality observations, long-term geophysical records, model output, and data services across traditional discipline boundaries as well as enable the use of tools that enable the use of those data. The ready availability of cheap, powerful microprocessors means that we can revisit the concept of a data "archive": We can form "virtual observatories" that enable users, in principle, to meet many of their data requirements through one interface. Within the AGU community, there are many approaches to addressing all or part of the virtual observatory concept. We solicit abstracts from science users, information technologists, and current service providers to (1) highlight achievements and lessons learned from current systems and services, (2) identify the scientific, technical, and programmatic data challenges facing the Earth and space science community, and (3) describe emerging architectural and technical solutions.
Conveners: Larry Paxton, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA, Tel: 240 228 6871, Fax: 240 228 6670, email: larry.paxton@jhuapl.edu, and Peter C. Cornillon, Univ Rhode IslandGraduate School Oceanography, , Narragansett, RI 02882 USA, Tel: 401 874 6283, Fax: 401 874 6702, email: pcornillon@gso.uri.edu, and Tim Ahern, IRIS Data Management Center, 1408 NE 45th Street #201, Seattle, WA 98105 USA, Tel: 206 547 0393 x 118, Fax: 206 547 1093, email: tim@iris.washington.edu

U07 Estimating the Consequences of Severe Geophysical Events
Many geophysical phenomena lead to severe economic, social, and political consequences. Estimating these consequences requires understanding not only the geophysics involved, but also the economics, sociology and politics influenced by the geophysical phenomenon. Examples range from estimating the economic and social consequences of a severe earthquake, weather, or climatic event, to assessing global warming, to estimating the ultimate social and political consequences resulting from the finiteness of petroleum resources. This session will explore estimates of consequences as well as emerging estimation methodologies. Of particular interest will be improving understanding of what geophysical questions have the most significant influence on the estimation of consequences. We hope to explore the consequences of geophysical events and phenomena such as resource finiteness, earthquakes, meteor impacts, volcanic eruptions, climate change, hurricanes, severe storms, floods, groundwater contamination, and floods.
Conveners: Amos Nur, Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, 317 Mitchell Bldg 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Tel: 650 723 9526, Fax: 650 723 1188, email: amos.nur@stanford.edu, and Robert L. Wesson, U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 966 Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303 273 8524, Fax: 303 273 8600, email: rwesson@usgs.gov

U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental, and Observational Constraints
Rapid progress is being made in understanding the state, history, and dynamics of the core-mantle boundary (CMB)region. The purpose of this session is to bring together researchers with different approaches to discuss recent findings and promote interdisciplinary dialogue. Topics to be discussed include the following: What is the nature of the ultralow velocity zone at the base of the lower mantle? What causes anisotropy in D''? How is angular momentum exchanged across the CMB? How is matter transferred between the core and mantle, what geochemical signatures would be expected, and what would this mean for the physical state and dynamics of D''? Is radiogenic heat production in the core significant? How do core-mantle fluxes influence mantle convection and the geodynamo, and vice versa? We encourage contributions from all relevant fields, including seismology, mineral physics, geochemistry, geodynamics, geomagnetism, magnetohydrodynamics, and geodesy.
Conveners: James A. Van Orman, Case Western Reserve University, USA, email: jav12@cwru.edu, and Abby Kavner, UCLA, USA, email: akavner@igpp.ucla.edu, and Alan D Brandon, NASA/JSC, USA, email: alan.d.brandon@nasa.gov, and Bruce Buffett, University of British Columbia, CAN, email: buffett@geop.ubc.ca

U09 Evolution of Biogeochemical Cycles
In the absence of coupled biogeochemical cycles, life (as we know it) can neither originate nor persist on any planet, yet we do not understand how biogeochemical cycles develop and evolve. This session will provide a forum for understanding how biogeochemical cycles evolved on Earth and how to use that knowledge to search for evidence of past or present life on other planets and to explore the future of life on Earth. Although we have detailed knowledge of numerous physicochemical and biochemical processes, we do not understand how many key metabolic processes, such as nitrogen fixation, oxygenic photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, and anaerobic metal and sulfate reduction, coevolved to form interactive biogeochemical cycles on a planetary scale. At the heart of this enigma is our ignorance of the rules of biochemical evolution that govern how energy conversion between coupled chemical processes evolved to become "living" organisms and of the mechanisms of the major transformations in the history of both life and the biosphere. Moreover, on Earth, several biogeochemical cycles have been markedly altered by human activities over the past 200 years. As we drift further away from the biogeochemical domain that characterized Earth prior to human perturbation, we must understand how biogeochemical cycles interact with each other and other planetary processes to maintain a habitable planet. This session will encourage dialogue among scientists with expertise in molecular evolution, microbial ecology, biogeochemsitry, and planet formation.
Conveners: Paul Falkowski, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521 USA, Tel: (732) 932-6555 ext. 370, Fax: (732) 932-4083, email: falko@imcs.rutgers.edu, and Michael New, NASA, 300 E St., SW, Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel: (202) 358-1766, Fax: (202) 358-3097, email: michael.h.new@nasa.gov

U10 Human-Induced Climate Variations Linked to Urbanization: From Observations to Modeling
The goal of this session is to convene scientists from interdisciplinary backgrounds to discuss the data, scientific approaches, and recent results of urban impacts on climate. With the intent of identifying our current stand and the future direction of urban study, this session will highlight both remote sensing observations and modeling capabilities for investigating the changes on the climate system and its subcomponents induced by human activities in urban areas, from regional to global scales. Urbanization is one of the extreme cases of land use change. Currently, urban regions are a relatively small portion of the land. However, most of the population of the world is moving to urban areas. By 1995, more than 70% of the populations of North America and Europe were living in cities. The United Nations estimates that by 2025, 60% of the world's population will live in cities. Therefore better understanding f how the atmosphere-ocean-land-biosphere system responds to human activities in urban zones is critical. Our understanding of urbanization effects on climate is incomplete, partly because human activities alter or add physical processes responsible for possible climate change besides natural variations, and partly because limited data sets have been available for studying urban effects globally. Urban construction changes surface roughness, albedo, heat capacity, and vegetation coverage. In addition, traffic and industry increase atmospheric aerosols. It is suggested that urbanization may modify rainfall processes through aerosol-cloud interactions or dynamic feedbacks. Because the urbanization effect on climate is determined by many factors including land cover, the city's microscale features, population density, and human lifestyle patterns, it is necessary to study urban areas regionally to globally in order to assess the general features and extremities of the urban effect. Abstracts are solicited to establish an interdisciplinary forum combining remote sensing, environmental science, boundary layer microphysics, numerical modeling (global to regional), and human dimensions to address questions including (but not limited to) the following: (1) How does urbanization modify the climate system, and how can nature respond to such disturbance? (2) What would be the ranges and extremes of the urban effect? How do we determine and measure such extremes? (3) How could we generalize or represent urban modifications in global circulation, numerical weather prediction, and regional land-atmosphere models? (4) How do urban areas change local rainfall intensity, distribution, and frequency? What could the downwind and upwind effects be? How are forcing and response of urban effects on rainfall represented in numerical models? (5) What are the changes to aerosol populations and clouds due to human activities in the urban environment? (6) What are the socioeconomic impacts of urban-induced climate changes?
Conveners: J. Marshall Shepherd, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301) 614-6327, email: Marshall.Shepherd@nasa.gov, and Menglin Jin, Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, , College Park, MD 20742 USA, Tel: (301)-405-8833, Fax: (301)-314-9482, email: mjin@atmos.umd.edu

U11 Facilitating Geosciences Research in Developing Countries (POSTER)
Although many developing countries have been increasing their investment in scientific research in recent years, their participation in international scientific activities (attendance at international meetings, publications in international journals, participation in international research programs, etc.) is much too low compared with North America, Europe, Japan, and the Australian region. This session aims to bring to the attention of the worldwide geosciences community, key problems encountered by scientists in developing countries when conducting their research (e.g., funding, access to international literature, choice of research topics). Identifying the problems may help mitigate some of them, at least inside the AGU, which includes among its goals the development of a planet-wide network of members in geophysical research and the increase in participation in AGU activities from members traditionally little involved, in particular those from developing countries. This session encourages the presentation of current national programs conducted in developing countries, future research plans in geosciences, as well as joint programs with developed countries. Particular emphasis on specific problems encountered in these regions would be of high interest. In addition, presentations dealing with future plans for local/regional conferences, schools, and workshops in geophysical sciences, in conjunction with the AGU, will be also welcome. It is of primary interest that this session serve as a forum for discussing and identifying, if possible, common problems encountered in countries involved, for which appropriate practical solutions may be suggested.
Conveners: Walter D. Gonzalez, Natl Inst Space Research, CP 515, San Jose dos Campos, SP 12201-970 BRA, Tel: 55-123256793, Fax: 55-123224820, email: gonzalez@dge.inpe.br, and Anny Cazenave, Laboratoire d'Études en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiale LEGOS - GRGS/CNES, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées 18 Av. E. Belin, Toulouse, 31400 FRA, Tel: 33 (0) 5 61 33 29 22, Fax: 33 (0) 5 61 25 32 05, email: anny.cazenave@cnes.fr

U12 Union Tutorials (INVITED ONLY)
These presentations will provide introductory background on the fundamental scientific concepts of selected topics, and aid in understanding more technically-detailed papers on the subjects presented elsewhere at the meeting.
Conveners: Robert Wesson, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 966 Denver Federal Center Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225-0046 USA, Tel: 303-273-8524, email: rwesson@usgs.gov

Atmospheric Sciences

A00 General Atmospheric Sciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Atmospheric Sciences may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Atmospheric Sciences sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. The Atmospheric Sciences Section (AS) studies the physics, chemistry, and dynamics of the atmosphere, particularly in the two layers closest to Earth's surface (the troposphere and stratosphere). These layers are crucial to life on earth as they form the atmosphere in contact with the planet surface; they regulate the planetary surface temperature; play an integral role in the world's water cycle; and screen the planet from high-energy radiation. The Section is organized into two subsections: Atmospheric Chemistry (AC) and Atmospheric Physics and Climate (APC). Research in AS covers topics such as: in situ homogenous and heterogenous chemistry, atmospheric physics and dynamics, and modeling of the lower atmosphere. Along with colleagues in other AGU sections, AS members are studying global climate change. Much research is focused on monitoring fluctuations in the ozone layer, aerosols, levels of gases, and the effects of emissions from human activities such as fossil fuel and biomass burning. The purpose of much of this research is to develop a basic understanding of atmospheric processes, that can be used to help design policies to respond to current or future changes in the atmosphere and climate. The 1987 Montreal Protocol is one example of how atmospheric scientists have successfully influenced government policies for the protection of the environment. This international agreement phased out the manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons throughout most of the world.
Conveners: Paul Novelli, NOAA CMDL/R/E CG1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-497-6974, Fax: 303-497-6290, email: pnovelli@cmdl.noaa.gov

A01 Chemistry and Dynamics of the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere
The upper troposphere/lower stratosphere is a relatively undersampled region of the atmosphere where measurements can help resolve many longstanding issues of Earth's chemistry and climate. This session will examine some important problems in geosciences that measurements, such as those from the NASA WB-57F aircraft, have helped to resolve. Contributions are solicited in the areas of chemistry and dynamics of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, including the plumes of aircraft and rockets; particle microphysics; radionuclides and stable isotopes; radiative balance; mechanisms of dehydration; and remote sensing.
Conveners: Daniel James Cziczo, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway R/AL6 , Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 3034973755, Fax: 3034975373, email: djcziczo@al.noaa.gov, and Martin Ross, Aerospace Corp., PO Box 929576 M5-615 , Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA, Tel: 3103360360, Fax: 3105368208, email: martin.n.ross@aero.org, and Darin Toohey, PAOS, The University of Colorado, Stadium 255, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel: 3037350002, Fax: 3037354515, email: toohey@colorado.edu

A02 Biogenic Reactive Trace Compounds and Their Role in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
The biosphere acts as the largest source and a major sink of reactive trace gases in the troposphere. Biogenic trace gases affect tropospheric chemistry, air quality, and the formation of gaseous and particulate secondary products and thus Earth's climate on a regional and global scale. Quantitative understanding of the impacts of biogenic emissions is confined mainly by our limited knowledge regarding the source strengths of reactive trace gases and their chemical composition, and by our limited knowledge of the interdependent biological, chemical, and meteorological processes determining their biosphere-atmosphere exchange. This session is open to all contributions related to field studies of reactive trace gas exchange processes at various spatial and temporal scales, to laboratory and simulation experiments investigating the role of biogenic compounds in atmospheric chemistry and climate, and to modeling activities of biosphere-atmosphere exchange and atmospheric chemistry of biogenic compounds. Abstracts discussing results from recent multidisciplinary research projects carried out in North America (e.g., Blodgett Forest, PROPHET), in Amazonia (e.g., LBA) and in Europe (e.g., ECHO, BEWA) are particularly encouraged. Topics to be addressed in this session include the influence of environmental parameters on biogenic emissions and deposition of reactive trace gases; emission algorithms and their application in emission models; biosphere-atmosphere exchange processes; upscaling of biogenic emissions; photochemistry of biogenic VOC and secondary products; formation of aerosols and organic nitrates from biogenic VOC and their potential impact on tropospheric photochemistry; and the interdependence of climate and atmospheric chemistry on biogenic trace gas emissions.
Conveners: Allen H. Goldstein, University of California, Division of Ecosystem Sciences 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3110 USA, Tel: 510-643-2451, Fax: 510-643-5098, email: ahg@nature.berkeley.edu, and Ralf Koppmann, Institut fuer Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphaere, Institut II: Troposphaere Forschungszentrum Juelich , Juelich, 52425 DEU, Tel: 49-2461-61-5118, Fax: 49-2461-61-8190, email: r.koppmann@fz-juelich.de

A03 Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Critical Estuary Habitats: The Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE)
The Bay Region Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE) was held during May 2002 and was an interdisciplinary field measurement designed to improve understanding of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to Tampa Bay. BRACE researchers made a complete suite of chemical and meteorological measurements from ground stations and an instrumented aircraft. Nutrient increases can stimulate the growth of phytoplankton and change the species composition of estuary ecosystems, resulting in poisonous algal blooms, anoxia, increased turbidity, and the loss of important plant and animal populations. Estuaries may receive from 20 to 60% of externally supplied nitrogen from a combination of direct atmospheric deposition and deposition to the watershed which supplies it. One of the most important of the Gulf Coast estuaries is Tampa Bay. There has been a reduction of 72% in the sea grass coverage in Tampa Bay over the last 70 years caused by anthropogenic nitrogen inputs. Twenty-nine percent of this nitrogen input is estimated to come from direct atmospheric deposition. The BRACE session will be a forum to present the results of the field program and promote cooperation, collaboration, and interdisciplinary connections between the various researchers and institutions involved in the program. Interdisciplinary research will be emphasized.
Conveners: Thomas B. Watson, NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, 1750 Foote Drive , Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA, Tel: (208) 526-9397, Fax: (208) 526-2549, email: tom.watson@noaa.gov, and Noreen Poor, University of South Florida/College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA, Tel: (813) 974-8144, email: npoor@hsc.usf.edu

A04 The Organic Aerosol Component: Impact on Reactivity, Optical Properties, Hygroscopicity and Cloud-Condensation Properties
Ambient aerosols can affect many aspects of the Earth’s climate and chemistry. Particles scatter incident sunlight, are critical in determining the properties of clouds, and provide surfaces facilitating multiphase reactions. These effects depend, of course, on aerosol composition, and much attention has been paid recently to the ubiquitous and substantial organic fraction in particles. One of the vital challenges facing researchers is to understand and assess the biogenic and anthropogenic sources of organic species and their roles in the formation, growth, and aging of particulate matter. In the atmosphere, this organic component often exists in internally mixed particles, sometimes with surface-active organic compounds surrounding aqueous or inorganic cores. Such coated particles may have significant impacts on the reactivity, hygroscopicity, and optical properties of the aerosol. An emphasis will be placed on identifying future laboratory studies and field measurements necessary to systematically address issues such as these. Consequently, we would like this session to tell a story about the role of organic constituents in aerosols by highlighting current research in the following areas: oxidation of gas-phase and particulate organics and subsequent particle formation and growth; aerosol processing through heterogeneous chemistry and photochemistry; optical properties of internally mixed aerosols; hygroscopicity of and phase transitions in particles; surface properties, including surface-specific chemistry and cloud condensation; and comprehensive field observations of aerosols and cloud droplets.
Conveners: Geoffrey D Smith, University of Georgia, 1001 Cedar St., Chemistry Building, Athens, GA 30602-2556 USA, Tel: 706-583-0478, Fax: 706-542-9454, email: gsmith@chem.uga.edu, and Thomas Mentel, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre Juelich, , Juelich, DEU, Tel: + 49 (0)2461 61 6921, email: t.mentel@fz-juelich.de

A05 2002 New England Air Quality Study
The 2002 New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) was an intensive effort to investigate the chemical and meteorological factors that contribute to poor air quality in this region, especially in coastal areas. The campaign combined efforts of numerous educational institutions as well as federal, state, and local agencies. Data were collected from an extensive network of ground sites, from the NOAA research vessel Ronald H. Brown, and from the DOE G-1 aircraft. Intensive measurements were taken from 12 July through 10 August, 2002, although many of the ground stations routinely collect data year-round. This session will focus on results from the mid-July to mid-August period of the 2002 NEAQS; however, abstracts are solicited on all aspects of air quality in coastal areas.
Conveners: Eric Williams, NOAA/Aeronomy Lab. & CIRES/Univ. of Colorado, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 303/497-3226, Fax: 303/497-5126, email: eric@al.noaa.gov, and Bob Talbot, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Morse Hall University of New Hampshire 39 College Road, Durham, NH 03824 USA, Tel: 603/862-0322, Fax: 603/862-1915, email: rwt@christa.unh.edu, and Tim Bates, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA, Tel: 206/526-6248, Fax: 206/526-6744, email: tim.bates@noaa.gov

A06 Comparative Photochemical Modeling of Earth and Planetary Atmospheres
Atmospheric photochemistry on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Venus, Earth, Mars, Io, Titan, Triton, and Pluto was reviewed in Yung and DeMore's [1999] book “Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres.” The authors summarized the chemical cycles that control the present composition and past history of these atmospheres. This session focuses on recent advances in photochemical modeling of planetary atmospheres. This comparative approach may aid studies of planetary evolution and astrobiological potential for planets in our solar and extrasolar systems.
Conveners: Yuk L. Yung, California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 USA, Tel: 626-395-6940, Fax: 626-585-1917, email: yly@mercu1.gps.caltech.edu, and G. Randall Gladstone, Southwest Research Institute, Instrumentation and Space Research Division 6220 Culebra Rd., San Antonio, TX 78238 USA, Tel: 210-522-3581, Fax: 210-543-0052, email: rgladstone@swri.edu

A07 Contributions to Middle Atmosphere Science by Solar Occultation Instrumentation
Since the late 1970s a series of international instruments have employed solar occultation to measure profiles of aerosol extinction, ozone, and other gases from the middle troposphere through the mesosphere. These instruments include the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment series (SAGE; 1979-present), the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE; 1991-present), the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement series (POAM; 1993-1996, 1998-present), and the Improved Limb Atmospheric Sounder (ILAS; 1996-1997). These instruments have provided insight to key climate change issues including long-term ozone and water vapor trends in the stratosphere, the effect of volcanic eruptions on climate, and processes in and around the Arctic and Antarctic vortices. The prominent role of solar occultation instruments in middle atmospheric science is assured by the new instruments that have been recently launched or will be launched shortly. These include SAGE III (2002), ILAS II (2002), Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY; 2002), and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment/Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE/MAESTRO; summer 2003). In this session, we seek contributions that highlight the scientific applications of data from solar occultation instruments and ones that highlight the capabilities of newly launched instruments.
Conveners: Larry W Thomason, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 475, Hampton, VA 23681 USA, Tel: 757 864 6842, Fax: 757 864 2671, email: l.w.thomason@nasa.gov, and Philip L. DeCola, NASA Headquarters, Code YS, Washington, DC 20546 USA, Tel: 202-358-0768, Fax: 202-358-2770, email: pdecola@hq.nasa.gov, and Richard Bevilacqua, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 7220, Washington, DC 20375-5320 USA, Tel: 202-767-0768, Fax: 202-767-7885, email: bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil

A08 Results From the SOLVE II/VINTERSOL Mission
The Sage III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment II (SOLVE II) took place in January and Feburary 2003 in conjunction with the European VINTERSOL campaign. This session highlights the results of these winter campaigns to study the polar vortex and the polar ozone layer and to help validate SAGE III data.
Conveners: Mark R Schoeberl, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 916 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-6002, Fax: 301-614-5903, email: Mark.R.Schoeberl@nasa.gov, and Lamont R Poole, NASA/Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 435 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA, Tel: 757-864-2689, Fax: 757-864-7775, email: l.r.poole@larc.nasa.gov

A09 Tropical Cirrus Anvils: Properties and Processes
This session will cover tropical anvil and in situ cirrus physical properties (e.g., ice crystal sizes and shapes, cloud structure, evolution), physical processes controlling cirrus formation and life cycle (e.g., dynamics, droplet activation, and ice nucleation in deep convection; and microphysical, dynamical, and radiative processes in the anvils), and the effects of tropical cumulonimbus-anvil systems on upper tropospheric water, lower stratospheric water, and radiative fluxes. In particular, we solicit results from the recent Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE).
Conveners: Eric Jensen, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4 , Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650-604-4392, Fax: 650-604-3625, email: ejensen@sky.arc.nasa.gov, and Donald E Anderson, NASA Headquarters, Code YS NASA HQ, Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel: 202-358-1432, Fax: 202-358-2770, email: danders1@hq.nasa.gov

A10 Effects of Biomass Burning Plumes on the Troposphere and Stratosphere
The injection of biomass burning plumes, especially from boreal forest fires, into the troposphere and lower stratosphere poses many challenges to atmospheric research. In this session we encourage abstracts of the latest research on the following topics: (1) detection, frequency, maximum altitude and geographic distribution of such events and their importance for global budgets; (2) in situ and remote sensing measurements of composition, and air quality aspects; (3) long-range transport of the plumes, and radiative forcing and other implications; (4) details of high altitude lofting and injection processes, what is the role of the fires?, and what are the similarities/distinctions with volcanic eruptive processes?; and (5) the impact of the plumes on atmospheric chemistry.
Conveners: Hans-Jürg Jost, BAER Institute, NASA Ames Research Center MS 245-5 , Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650 604 0697, Fax: 650 604 3625, email: hjost@mail.arc.nasa.gov, and Mike Fromm, Computational Physics, Inc., 8001 Braddock Rd. Suite 210, Springfield, VA 22151 USA, Tel: (202) 404 1389, email: mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil, and Katja Drdla, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, email: katja@katja.arc.nasa.gov

A11 Integrating Aerosol Measurements and Models
Major uncertainties in chemistry and climate models concern the representation of the source, composition, size, shape, and spatial distribution of aerosols. Information on the size, chemical composition, and optical properties of aerosols is critical to accurately assessing their respective impact. New aerosol data that become available from recent large international field studies (INDOEX, ACE-Asia) as well as from new satellite sensors (MODIS, MISR) and recent advances in aerosol measurements (e.g., single particle analysis, such as that carried out with single particle mass spectrometers (e.g., ATOFMS, PALMS), aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS), fast response PILS, etc.) are providing unique and detailed information on the composition of aerosol. The purpose of this session is to provide a forum for measurers and modelers to discuss ways to bridge the newer state-of-the-art aerosol measurements with models. The goal of this session is to present abstracts showing the current state of measurements and models. We hope to address how the measurements are fitting in with the models, and what the modelers can do and need from the measurement side. It is critical to bring these two groups together so they can begin bridging the gap between measurements and modeling, and the combined strengths of the two can yield a better fundamental knowledge of tropospheric aerosols.
Conveners: Kimberly A. Prather, U.C. San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92024-0314 USA, Tel: 858-822-5312, email: kprather@ucsd.edu, and Gregory R. Carmichael, University of Iowa, Karl Kammermeyer Professor of Chemical Engineering Co-Director, Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies 428 IATL, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA, Tel: 319/335-3332, Fax: 319/335-3337, email: gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu, and Joyce Penner, University of Michigan, Dept. of Atmos., Ocean and Space Studies University of Michigan 2455 hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel: 734-936-0519, Fax: 734-764-5137, email: penner@umich.edu, and Stefan Kinne, Max-Planck Inst. for Meterology, Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology Bunderstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, DEU, Tel: 011-49-40-41173-383, Fax: 011-49-40-1173-298, email: kinne@dkrz.de

A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of Atmospheric Gases
Isotopic ratio measurements help constrain the magnitudes and locations of sources and sinks by adding additional tracers that are closely linked by source and sink processes. This session is intended to be an overview of the current state of the application of isotopic tracers to global budgets of atmospheric gases. Atmospheric isotopic measurements have been applied to a wide variety of molecules of interest to both the atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycling communities. Although the applications are diverse, there are many issues surrounding both measurements and their interpretation that are common to all. We encourage contributions dealing with measurements, measurement techniques, and modeling of isotopic ratios of atmospheric species on large spatial scales.
Conveners: John B Miller, University of Colorado, Boulder, R/CMDL 1 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, email: john.b.miller@noaa.gov, and Thomas Roeckmann, Max Planck Institut fur Kernphsyik, DEU, email: Thomas.Roeckmann@mpi-hd.mpg.de

A13 The Aura Mission to Study Chemistry and Climate
The Aura spacecraft will be launched into orbit at the end of January 2004. This session will feature invited talks on the science goals, measurements and validation activities associated with the the Aura mission. Talks by the instrument PIs will set the stage for the contributed abstracts on the algorithms, validation flight plans, and opportunities for AGU scientists to participate in this mission
Conveners: Mark R. Schoeberl, NASA/GSFC, Code 916 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, email: Mark.R.Schoeberl@nasa.gov, and Anne Douglass, NASA/GSFC, Code 916 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, email: douglass@carioca.gsfc.nasa.gov

A14 A Quarter Century of Satellite Measurements by TOMS
The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) was originally launched on Nimbus 7 in 1978 to map the meteorological variability of the total column content of ozone. The instrument lasted more than 14 years in orbit, and its successors are still making measurements today. Analysis of the solar ultraviolet radiation backscattered from the Earth has gone well beyond the original measurements of ozone. We routinely derive aerosol properties from TOMS that show desert dust and biomass burning signatures over both land and ocean. The TOMS measurements are used to derive a daily measure of surface ultraviolet radiation. TOMS reflectivity measurements in the UV identify changes in cloud cover and radiation reflected to space. After volcanic eruptions, TOMS measures the signal of sulfur dioxide in the plume, allowing the identification and quantification of the total release from volcanoes worldwide. For all of these measurements we now have a 25-year record that serves as a baseline for current and future studies of decadal climate variability. Abstracts are solicited on the following topics: long-term ozone measurements by TOMS, ozone mapping and variability using TOMS measurements, aerosol measurements by TOMS, UV radiation measurements by TOMS, volcanic SO^2 measurements by TOMS, use of TOMS measurements combined with measurements by other satellites, derivation of tropospheric ozone using TOMS, comparison of TOMS measurements to ground-based measurements, and use of TOMS measurements to test atmospheric models.
Conveners: Richard S Stolarski, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 916 Greenbelt Road , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-5982, Fax: 301-614-5903, email: stolar@polska.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Jack A Kaye, NASA Headquarters, Code YSM , Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel: 202-358-0757, Fax: 202-358-2770, email: Jack.A.Kaye@nasa.gov, and Arlin Krueger, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 100 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore, MD 21250 USA, email: akrueger@umbc.edu

A15 Ocean/Atmospheric Modeling
The Department of Defense (DOD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program supports several large DOD Challenge Projects in the area of ocean and atmospheric modeling. DOD researchers model global, regional, and littoral ocean environments to provide accurate ocean forecasting methods for DOD operational units. In addition, coupling between atmospheric, ocean, and sea ice models is being actively investigated. This session will present works by DOD computational scientists in these areas. Workers studying other aspects of atmospheric and oceanic modeling are encouraged to submit abstracts to this session.
Conveners: Larry Davis, DOD High Performance Modernization Program, 101010 North Glebe Road, Suite 510, Arlington, VA 22201 USA, Tel: 703-812-8205, Fax: 703-812-9701, email: larryd@hpcmo.hpc.mil, and Alan Wallcraft, Naval Research Laboratory, (Code 7323), Stennis Space Center, MS 39529 USA, Tel: 228-688-4813, Fax: 228-688-4759, email: Alan.Wallcraft@nrlssc.navy.mil

A16 Use of Inverse Modeling for Constraining Global Budgets of Atmospheric Trace Gases
Inverse modeling methods allow for the estimation of surface fluxes of trace gases based on atmospheric measurements and other available information. As such, inverse modeling can constrain the global and regional budgets of radiatively or chemically important gases such as CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, and SF6, which is critical to the design of effective emissions management policies. A variety of optimization methods, transport models, observation network configurations, and levels of spatial and temporal resolution are currently being explored. The aim is to make optimal use of limited network data and/or current and future satellite data. This session explores the ability of existing approaches to estimate fluxes at various scales, to deal with small- scale variability in available measurements and to address unanswered questions outlined by the North American Carbon Program (NACP) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) pertaining to atmospheric trace gas budgets.
Conveners: Anna M. Michalak, NOAA Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory, Mailcode R/CMDL1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, Tel: 303-497-4568, Anna.Michalak@noaa.gov, Wouter Peters, NOAA Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory, Mailcode R/CMDL1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, Tel: 303-497-4556, Wouter.Peters@noaa.gov, and Pieter P. Tans, NOAA Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory, Mailcode R/CMDL1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, Tel: 303-497-6678, Pieter.Tans@noaa.gov

Atmospheric Sciences also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
H28 Observations and Modeling of Land Surface Hydrological Processes
P01 Geological Evidence for Recent Climate Change on Mars
PP13 Rapid Climate Change during the Holocene and Last Glacial
B01 Disturbance, Climate, and Management Impacts on Carbon Budgets of Forested Ecosystems
B02 Soil Carbon Changes With Biomass Removal
B03 The Relationship Between Biological Productivity and Terrestrial Carbon Storage
B06 The Utilization of Compound Specific Analysis in Biogeochemistry
B11 Environmental Assessment From the Width, Anatomy, and Chemical Composition of Tree Rings
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B14 Estimating Terrestrial Carbon, Water, and Energy Fluxes From Site to Region
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions, Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
G01 Advanced Tropospheric Sensing Methods and Accuracy of Tropospheric Information Determined by Space Geodetic Techniques
G07 Geocenter: Reference Frame Definition and Influence of Geophysical Fluids
G08 Use of Observations and Models of the Atmosphere and Oceans in Geodesy and Geodynamics
H19 Observations and Theoretical and Numerical Studies of Land Surface Heterogeneities on Land-Atmosphere Modeling (POSTER)
H20 Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP)
H21 Use of Artificial Intelligence Methods in Geosciences (POSTER)
H35 Early Results From NASA's EOS Aqua Spacecraft Mission
OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Past, Present, and Future
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas Hydrate From Around the Globe
P06 Science Rationale for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter Mission
PP07 Evolution of the Antarctic Climate System: Modeling and Observation
PP10 The Last Interglacial
PP11 Global, Hemispheric and Regional Climate Signals During the Last Millennium
PP12 Evolution of Earth's Greenhouse Effect
SA01 Energy and Momentum Balance in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: Results From the TIMED Mission
V06 Volcanic Emissions to the Troposphere: Fluxes, Feedbacks, Impacts
AE01 Advances in Lightning and Atmospheric Electricity Remote Sensing Systems and Algorithms
AE02 The Physics of Lightning and Storm Electrification
AE03 Lightning, Meteorology and Climate
AE04 Electrical Effects of Thunderstorms on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive, Translator, and Facilitator
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
H37 Designing a Network of Hydrologic Observatories (INVITED ONLY)
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic Composition of the Atmosphere
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of Ecosystem Change
B26 Land Use Impacts on Trace Gas Exchanges: BATREX Contribution to New Global Change Science Agenda
H34 Use of Remotely Sensed Boundary Conditions in Land Surface Modeling
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North America
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates

Biogeosciences

B00 General Biogeosciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Biogeosciences may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Biogeosciences sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. Biogeosciences emphasizes linkages between biological sciences and geophysical sciences fundamental to study of the Earth and other planets. Research areas within the section include biogeochemistry, biogeophysics, astrobiology, and planetary ecosystem science. Those interested in advancing the understanding of coupled biological and geophysical processes and phenomenon in emerging research areas in biology, ecology and earth and planetary science should submit general contributions. Some examples of such processes include, but are not limited to: biosphere-atmosphere-climate interactions, nutrient cycles and their interactions and feedbacks to abiotic processes, effects of stream flow patterns on aquatic biodiversity, extinction events in Earth history and existence of life under extreme conditions on Earth or other planets.
Conveners: Mary Voytek, U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr. MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703-648-6894, Fax: 703-648-5484, email: mavoytek@usgs.gov

B01 Disturbance, Climate, and Management Impacts on Carbon Budgets of Forested Ecosystems
The net exchange of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is regulated by complex interactions between climate, disturbance history (including land use), vegetation physiology, and soil processes. The temporal scales of importance to these interactions span at least 5 orders of magnitude: from the rapid response of biochemical components, to seasonal dynamics of the water budget, to interannual dynamics of allocation and growth, to decadal effects of climate variability on species composition and disturbance regimes, to the integrated effects of all these factors on centennial dynamics of soil organic matter and woody biomass. Land use of woodland and forested ecosystems include logging of large trees, overgrazing, and fire suppression, and the variation among woody ecosystems is much too great for a single treatment to be appropriate everywhere. The integration of field observations, remote sensing, and ecosystem modeling will be key to understanding the trajectories of change in northern ecosystems over time. This session will focus on multiple interacting factors that contribute to complex mosaics of woodland and forested ecosystems including, but not limited to, climate variability, land use and management practices, and disturbance regimes. We encourage submissions that highlight the innovative and creative integration of modeling, remote sensing, and field observations toward understanding biogeochemical cycling in woody ecosystems across climatic, disturbance, and management gradients.
Conveners: Kathy A Hibbard, Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science , Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 541.737.8021, Fax: 541.737.1393, email: kathy.hibbard@oregonstate.edu, and Mike Apps, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre 506 West Burnside Road , Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5 CAN, Fax: 250.363.0775, email: mapps@nrcan.gc.ca

B02 Soil Carbon Changes With Biomass Removal
There is a drive to produce more bioenergy products (both as biofuels and also direct burning of biomass). In many agriculture systems, there is biomass left after removal of grains. In the past this was burned in the fields and a great deal was left in the fields to help prevent winds and water erosion. Even when fields were tilled, legislation implemented by the U.S. Congress in Farm Bill programs requires that at least 30 percent ground cover remain. There is also more minimum or zero tillage now being practiced. Farmers and land mangers are always looking for new ways to improve the bottom line, and one method is to sell the aboveground biomass they produce. But to maintain soil quality and agriculture stability, we need to leave some residue behind to replenish the soil. ARS-DOE has a large project to look at biomass removal with one of the crops such as switchgrass and corn. With switchgrass you have a sod cover, and this protects the soil, but with crops like corn there is not a lot of cover when the biomass is removed. We need to understand the effects of such biomass on the soil and the processes that go on in the soil (microbial changes, leaching, nutrient supplying, etc.). Forest lands and lands upon which rapidly growing trees are produced are also a potential source of biomass fuel. We are very interested in submissions related to this topic that will help in understanding the effects of biomass removal and the effects on soil carbon.
Conveners: Ron Follett, USDA-ARS, Federal Building, Room 424 PO Box E , Fort Collins, CO 80525 USA, Tel: 9704908220, Fax: 9704908213, email: rfollett@lamar.colostate.edu, and John Kimble, USDA-NRCS, Fed. Bldg. Room 152, MS 34 100 Centennial Mall North , Lincoln, NE 68508-3866 USA, Tel: 402 437 5376, Fax: 402 437 5336, email: john.kimble@usda.gov

B03 The Relationship Between Biological Productivity and Terrestrial Carbon Storage
It is often assumed that there is a relationship between biological productivity and carbon storage, but high rates of sequestration can be documented in areas with widely different NPP. Inverse modeling results and eddy flux observations suggest that many terrestrial ecosystems are sequestering a surprisingly high proportion of their NPP, at levels expected for young or recently disturbed systems. Environmental controls over the proportion of NPP sequestered are diverse. For example, boreal wetlands may store a high proportion of generally low NPP, where grassland and cropland systems store a low fraction of often high NPP. Within forests, the relationship between NPP and sequestration depends critically on allocation to long-lived tissue (wood) and compounds resistant to microbial decay. Controls over plant and soil respiration also influence the proportion of photosynthate retained in the system. While there has been a great deal of research on plant physiological controls over gas exchange, physiological processes affecting the formation of potentially long residence time organic matter are much more difficult to address experimentally and are consequently less well understood. The purpose of this session is to explore the relationships between productivity and carbon storage across the range of spatial and temporal scales. Contributions are encouraged from scientists addressing this issue at the organism, stand, and global levels, and using experimental, flux measurement, and modeling approaches. Workers using lab, FACE, flux observations, and modeling approaches are all encouraged to contribute.
Conveners: David Schimel, NCAR, 1850 Table Mesa Drive , Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 3034971610, Fax: 3034971695, email: schimel@ucar.edu, and Chistopher Still, University of California, Santa Barbara, , Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA, Tel: 8058933663, Fax: 8058933146, email: still@icess.ucsb.edu

B04 An Ecohydrological Perspective on Woody Plant Encroachment in Semiarid Regions
Woody plant encroachment into semiarid and arid systems landscapes is a global phenomenon with important hydrological and biogeochemical consequences. Shrub/tree encroachment is often associated with ecosystem degradation: declines in biodiversity and socioeconomic value, as well as increased erosion. Numerous studies have examined independently the consequences of woody plant encroachment on the hydrological cycle and, recently, on the carbon cycle, but often the links between these cycles have been missed. For this session we encourage abstracts with results that examine the ecohydrological implications of woody plant encroachment/increase in dryland ecosystems (e.g., grasslands, savannahs, shrublands, riparian) at the plot to watershed scale. Some relevant questions might be the following: What are the changes in the water balance as a result of woody plant encroachment (WPE), and how might these changes alter biogeochemical cycling? How does WPE change evapotranspiration pathways? Does WPE result in increased biomass, and how might this alter soil nutrient cycling and trace gases? Do deeper-rooted trees/shrubs access additional sources of moisture? We hope that these studies will bridge disciplinary understanding by examining the linkages between hydrology and ecology.
Conveners: Russell L. Scott, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 2000 E. Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA, Tel: 520.670.6380, Fax: 520.670.5550, email: rscott@tucson.ars.ag.gov, and Bradford P Wilcox, Dept. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 225 Animal Industries Building 2126 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2126 USA, Tel: 979-458-1899, Fax: 979-845-6430, email: bwilcox@tamu.edu, and David Breshears, Env Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory MS J-495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel: 505/665-2803, Fax: 505/665-3866, email: daveb@lanl.gov

B05 Biogeochemistry and Detection of Reduced Sulfur Species in Oxic Environments
As methods for detection become more advanced, researchers have begun to discover evidence of a number of reduced sulfur (RS) compounds in oxygenated waters. Even when found at subnanomolar concentrations, the importance of RS compounds to metal speciation, primarily for soft (B-type) metals, cannot be underestimated. Despite the importance of metal-RS complexation, there has been almost no data published describing the characteristics of these complexes in natural aquatic systems. In the absence of such data, traditional methods of calculating trace metal speciation miss a potentially strong class of metal-complexing species, and therefore may overestimate the importance of other available ligands such as natural organic matter. This session will focus on the biogeochemistry, metal complexation characteristics, and detection of reduced sulfur species in oxygenated freshwaters, estuaries, and marine systems.
Conveners: Steven Mylon, Yale University: Environment School, Environmental Science Center PO Box 208105 , New Haven, CT 06520 USA, Tel: 203 432 9229, Fax: 203 432 5023, email: steven.mylon@yale.edu, and Gaboury Benoit, Yale University: Environment School, Environmental Science Center PO Box 208105 , New Haven, CT 06520 USA, Tel: 203 432 5139, Fax: 203 432 5023, email: gaboury.benoit@yale.edu, and Benjamin Twining, Yale University: Environment School, Environmental Science Center PO Box 208105, New Haven, CT 06511 USA, Tel: 203-432-7407, Fax: 203-432-5023, email: btwining@ic.sunysb.edu

B06 The Utilization of Compound Specific Analysis in Biogeochemistry
This session will examine the use of compound specific analysis in biogeochemistry. The focus will be on how chemical characteristics (e.g., isotopic composition, chirality, and sequence information) of specific biologically formed macromolecules (e.g., amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides) are (1) being resolved in the laboratory and (2) consequently exploited to provide a range of unique biogeochemical and ecological insights.
Conveners: James Henry Scott, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch RD, NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA, Tel: 2024788908, Fax: 2024788901, email: j.scott@gl.ciw.edu

B07 The Effects of Forest Disturbance on Watershed Processes: Hydrology, Soils, Biota, and Water Chemistry
Forest disturbance can cause changes in soil nutrient cycling, hydrological processes, forest type, and water chemistry. Some of these changes can adversely affect watershed biota. Forest disturbance can be caused by natural forces such as insect infestation, landslides, fire, large storms, and volcanic activity or by human activity such as logging, suburbanization, clearing for agriculture, and global change. Different types of forest disturbance can sometimes result in a similar watershed response. Natural forest disturbance has typically been studied in relation to its effects on plant ecology, while hydrological and biogeochemical watershed-scale investigations have frequently focused on the effects of forest harvesting. This session seeks to bring together researchers from around the world who are examining the effects of forest disturbance. We would like to provide a forum to compare the effects from different types of forest disturbance in many environments in the hope that some common responses can be identified. We encourage studies that examine the effect of natural (including long-term global change) or anthropogenic forest disturbance on watershed soil and water chemistry, hydrology, and/or the influence of those effects on watershed biota. Studies that incorporate new methods for examining forest disturbance are also encouraged.
Conveners: Michael R. McHale, U.S. Geological Survey, 425 Jordan Road, Troy, NY 12180 USA, Tel: 518-285-5675, Fax: 518-285-5601, email: mmchale@usgs.gov, and Nobuhito Ohte, Kyoto University, , Kyoto, 606-8502 JPN, Tel: 650-329-4649, Fax: 650-329-5590, email: nobuohte@usgs.gov

B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
The ability to produce biogenic minerals is an invention common to nearly all kingdoms of life. Organisms can construct single crystals or composite assemblages of mineral grains in sizes ranging from nanometers to meters, often with finely controlled shapes that serve specific functions and sometimes under conditions of metastability. Despite our long-standing knowledge that biomineralization is a fascinating phenomenon with implications for geochemical cycling and evolutionary forces, we have only recently made rapid progress in observing and understanding in detail the mechanisms that make such impressive and exquisite mineralization possible. Because of advances in nanotechnology, molecular biology, and geochemistry, scientists across many disciplines are now discovering and quantifying the factors that control nucleation, concentration of constituent ions, regulation of growth, chemical composition, and shaping of complex morphologies. We encourage abstracts that address processes and mechanisms of biomineralization, including, for example, the roles of organic molecules in generating crystalline materials, the properties and origins of mixed organic-inorganic materials, physical and chemical controls on mineral growth and composition, and signatures for unambiguously recognizing minerals of biological origin.
Conveners: Patricia Dove, Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences 4044 Derring Hall Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2444, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: dove@vt.edu, and Laura Wasylenki, Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences 4044 Derring Hall Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2403, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: lew@vt.edu, and Steve Weiner, Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science P.O. Box 26 , Rehovot, 76100 ISR, Tel: 972-8-9342552, Fax: 972-8-9344136, email: steve.weiner@weizmann.ac.il

B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
For much of Earth history, organisms and their environments have been inextricably linked in profound and complex ways that have influenced the evolutionary courses of both on many scales. For example, organisms that fix CO^2 from the atmosphere or oceans play a key role in global carbon cycling and climate fluctuations. At the same time, organisms respond to environmental changes through population shifts and biological evolution. The sophisticated intricacies of the relationships between biota and environment have proven difficult to decipher, but with new technologies and methodology from molecular biology, paleontology, geochemistry, and materials science, among others, we are on the brink of solving some of the most important and fascinating problems in Earth science. This session will explore interactions between organisms that produce minerals as part of their life cycles and their environments. We seek abstracts concerning any aspect of the intertwined roles of biomineralization and environment, such as global carbon balance, geochemical signals from the fossil record that constrain the nature of past environments, and specific changes in biomineralization processes induced by physical or chemical changes in the growth environment. Submissions that cross disciplinary boundaries are welcome.
Conveners: Laura Wasylenki, Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences 4044 Derring Hall Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2403, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: lew@vt.edu, and Patricia Dove, Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences 4044 Derring Hall Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2444, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: dove@vt.edu, and Philippe van Cappellen, Utrecht University, Department of Geochemistry Faculty of Earth Sciences Utrecht University P.O. Box 80021, Utrecht, 3508 TA NLD, Tel: 31-30-253-6220, Fax: 31-30-253-5302, email: pvc@geo.uu.nl

B10 Molecular Biogeochemical Processes of Terrestrial Environments
The proposed session will bring together experts working on biogeochemistry of terrestrial environments to discuss the speciation, distribution, and transport of nutrients and environmental contaminants. We encourage abstracts on spectroscopic and microscopic studies, as well as new modeling approaches that aim to elucidate (physico)chemical processes that result from interactions between microorganisms or microbial metabolites/exudates and mineral surfaces. Topics of interest include the effects of biological catalysis on dissolution, precipitation, sorption, or redox processes that are critical to trace metal cycling, mineral weathering, and crystal growth. Conveners also welcome contributions devoted to how surface chemical phenomena at the nanoscale (reactions at colloidal interfaces, agglomeration of colloidal material in natural waters, etc.) influence chemical fate and transport in natural and contaminated porous media, with implications for nutrient cycling, pump and treat, in situ bioremediation, and natural attenuation.
Conveners: Javiera Cervini-Silva, University of California at Berkeley, Department of Earth and Planetary Science 151 Hilgard Hall #3110, Berkeley, CA 94605 USA, Tel: (510) 642-9690, Fax: (510) 643-5098, email: javiera@eps.berkeley.edu, and Jon Chorover, University of Arizona, Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science Shantz 429, Building #38 , Tucson, AZ 85721-0038 USA, Tel: (520) 626-5635, Fax: (520) 621-1647, email: Chorover@cals.arizona.edu

B11 Environmental Assessment From the Width, Anatomy, and Chemical Composition of Tree Rings
Trees that form annual rings permit an exact year to be assigned to each ring. The width and anatomy of rings are in part determined by environmental factors, and thus trees often are "recorders" of events and processes when historical records are incomplete or lacking. Tree-growth responses sometimes can be used to determine the frequency and magnitude of flooding, glaciation, mass wasting, saline intrusion, earthquakes, and volcanism. Progress in the chemical analysis of stem wood (dendrochemistry), including the determination of the concentrations of nutrients, trace metals, stable isotopes, and organic contaminants, offers the possibility of examining historical changes in environmental quality and may provide a tool for monitoring ecosystem health. Significant advances in dendrochemistry have been made over the past few decades. However, uncertainties remain in terms of analytical techniques, quality assurance, and interpretation of elemental/chemical signatures revealed in tree rings. More recent strides in analytical instrumentation have lowered detection limits and allowed for the analysis of multiple elements, stable isotopes, and organic contaminants in stem wood tissue at finer spatial resolution, and hence finer temporal resolution. Dendrochemical analysis is being applied to the fields hydrology, geochemical cycling, ecological risk assessments, and other environmental studies. This session will present some of the latest applications of dendrochronology and dendrochemistry to environmental assessment.
Conveners: Timothy E. Lewis, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Mailcode B-243-01, RTP, NC 27711 USA, Tel: 919-541-0673, Fax: 919-541-1818, email: lewis.timothy@epa.gov, and Tommy Yanosky, USGS, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive , Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703-648-5206, email: tyanosky@usgs.gov

B12 From Mantle to Microbe: Ridge2000 Research and Progress
The Ridge2000 (R2K) program targets an understanding of the linkages between the processes of planetary renewal and the origin and evolution of life in the absence of sunlight at the world's deep-sea spreading centers. Ridge2000 activities can be broadly divided into two overlapping groups: multidisciplinary integrated studies focused within a few select "type" areas, and time critical studies focused in the NE Pacific that are designed to enhance detection of volcanic and tectonic events at spreading centers and facilitate rapid-response missions to observe these transient events as they occur. The sites chosen for multidisciplinary integrated studies include the Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, the East Pacific Rise 8°-11°N, and the Lau Basin. Although research funded by the R2K program has just begun, there is a significant body of ongoing work within these study sites that bears directly on the broader research objectives of the R2K program. This session will highlight recent research at the Endeavour, EPR, and Lau Basin integrated study sites as well as work related to the time critical studies component and other objectives of the R2K program. We encourage abstracts from the broad range of geophysical, geochemical, hydrological, and biological studies currently ongoing at these sites. Research which explores and illuminates linkages between different components of the integrated biological-geological system is of particular interest.
Conveners: Charles Fisher, Pennsylvania State University, Dept. of Biology 208 Mueller Laboratory Penn State , State College, PA 16802 USA, Tel: 814 865-3365, Fax: 814 865-9131, email: cfisher@psu.edu, and Deborah K Smith, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS 22, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA, Tel: 508 289-2472, Fax: 508 457-2187, email: dsmith@whoi.edu

B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
From the depths of Earth's oceans to the surface of Mars, a wide variety of analytical techniques are being used to probe mineral-microbe interactions on microscales and macroscales. Microorganisms play an important role in a wide range of geological processes. They may directly affect geological formations and processes through enzyme-based or respiration-based processes. Microbiota may also indirectly affect geological processes by altering the chemical conditions of the environment or by serving as heterogeneous nucleation sites for mineral precipitation. For some geological systems, the roles played by microorganisms remain equivocal; therefore it is important to understand the various techniques available to study the complex interactions of microbes with minerals as they occur on various geological scales. The goal of this session is to provide a forum to discuss not only widely used, but also newly developing methodologies for gaining insight into the complex interactions of microbes with minerals. We wish to highlight techniques ranging from the use of synchrotron sources at the microscopic scale to remote spectral imaging at the field scale. Additionally, we encourage submissions that include discussions of the promises and pitfalls of the various methods for investigating microbe-mineral interactions. The presentations will give microbiologists and geologists an opportunity to become familiar with the diverse array of instrumentation and methodologies that are available to answer complex biogeoscience questions.
Conveners: Daphne Stoner, Biotechnology Department, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, 2525 N. Fremont Ave., P. O. Box 1625, MS 2203, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2203 USA, Tel: (208) 526-8786, Fax: (208) 526-0828, email: dstoner@inel.gov, and Jill R Scott, Chemistry Department, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, 2525 N. Fremont Ave., P. O. Box 1625, MS 2208 , Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2208 USA, Tel: (208) 526-0429, Fax: (208) 526-8541, email: scotjr@inel.gov

B14 Estimating Terrestrial Carbon, Water, and Energy Fluxes From Site to Region
The focus of this session will be on innovative approaches to quantifying mass and energy plant-atmosphere exchange from site to region in the context of understanding the global carbon cycle. A broad question to be addressed within this theme is, How have measurements improved our models, and what have our models taught us about the processes we measure? We encourage submissions utilizing inventive modelling and measurement approaches. For example, these may include data assimilation, multiple constraints, inverse analyses, neural networks, cross-scale and interdisciplinary investigations, and application of high-resolution multilayer canopy models. Especially encouraged are reports of studies coupling various biogeochemical components (e.g., water, carbon, nitrogen, isotopes), biological, pedological, and atmospheric processes and feedbacks, combining or comparing different kinds of measurements including eddy covariance fluxes, plant physiological parameters, biometry, soil properties and composition, atmospheric concentrations at various scales, and satellite or airborne remote sensing data and derived products.
Conveners: Julie Styles, Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 541-737-9293, Fax: 541-737-1393, email: julie.styles@oregonstate.edu, and Matthias Falk, University of California, Berkeley, ESPM 105 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-642-9048, Fax: 510-643-5098, email: mfalk@nature.berkeley.edu, and Bev Law, Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science 328 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 541-737-6111, Fax: 541-737-1393, email: bev.law@oregonstate.edu, and Dennis Baldocchi, University of California, Berkeley, Ecosystem Science Division, ESPM 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-642-2874, Fax: 510-643-5098, email: baldocchi@nature.berkeley.edu

B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic Composition of the Atmosphere
This session will explore the physiological, ecological, and microbial processes that influence the isotopic composition of CO^2, water vapor, and other atmospheric trace gases. Relevant topics include, but are not limited to, the isotopic composition of aboveground and belowground organic matter, fractionation effects in the synthesis of organic compounds and respiration, and measured or modeled estimates of photosynthetic and ecosystem discrimination at the ecosystem, regional, or global scale. Abstracts on the application of isotopic methods to investigations of ecosystem physiology, such as partitioning ecosystem fluxes into their component parts, are also encouraged.
Conveners: Diane Pataki, Dept. of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA, Tel: 801-581-3545, Fax: 801-581-4665, email: pataki@biology.utah.edu, and James Ehleringer, University of Utah, USA, email: ehleringer@biology.utah.edu

B16 Astrobiology as a Unifying Theme for Solar System Exploration
Astrobiology is the multidisciplinary study of life in the universe. Many of the current efforts in astrobiology are directed toward understanding the origin and history of life on Earth while beginning the exploration of possibly habitable environments in our solar system. This session is designed to highlight the potential of life on the planets and to explore some of the opportunities for astrobiology in solar system exploration. In proposing this session, we take advantage of several of the "focus groups" that have been formed under the auspices of the NASA Astrobiology Institute to bring together experts from many fields to address specific scientific problems or mission opportunities in astrobiology. The session is intended to examine the habitability of the planets in our solar system, to summarize our expectations about life (past or present) on other planets in this early stage of study, and to develop strategies and instruments to be used in flight missions that will advance our understanding of life beyond the Earth.
Conveners: David Morrison, NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames 240-1 , Mt View, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650 604 5094, Fax: 650 604 4251, email: david.morrison@nasa.gov, and Bruce Runnegar, University of California, Los Angeles, 3845 Slichter Hall UCLA , Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 USA, Tel: 310-206-1738, Fax: 310-206-3051, email: runnegar@ucla.edu

B17 Carbon Cycling in Northern Soils and Surface Waters
Vast quantities of organic carbon are preserved in northern latitude soils due to cold climate. Documented increases in temperature and growing season in northern latitudes create the potential for the release of this stored carbon to the atmosphere and hydrosphere and for change in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon across northern landscapes. This session will focus on the cycling of carbon in northern latitude soils, wetlands, and surface waters, and on the terrestrial-aquatic linkages that control the flux of carbon across the landscape. Our goal is to provide a forum that will bring together both applied and basic research on terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycling and to foster communication among these groups in the interest of improving understanding of the complex nature of the carbon cycle in northern latitudes under a changing climate.
Conveners: Jon J Carrasco, USGS, MS 980 Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303.236.7808, Fax: 303.236.5349, email: jcarrasco@usgs.gov, and Robert G Striegl, USGS, Box 25046 MS 413 Denver Federal Center , Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303 236-4993, Fax: 303 236-5034, email: rstriegl@usgs.gov, and Kimberly P Wickland, USGS, 3215 Marine St., Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-541-3072, Fax: 303-447-2505, email: kpwick@usgs.gov

B18 Ecosystem Interactions With Land-Use Change
Human conversion and modification of ecosystems to produce food and fiber, extract natural resources, and expand urban areas is one of the key modes of global change. Land use change, while essential for satisfying human needs, involves trade-offs with other ecosystem services and functions such as watershed protection, biogeochemical cycling, soil degradation, and habitats for other species. This session will consider studies addressing various aspects of ecosystem responses to land use change and the feedbacks to sustainable land use. Presentations can address the responses and feedbacks of ecosystems at a range of scales, from local to regional to global. The session will also provide opportunities for researchers working on different aspects of land use/land cover to share information on methodological approaches, observational strategies, and feedbacks among ecosystem processes.
Conveners: Gregory P. Asner, Carnegie Institution, Stanford University 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Tel: 650-325-1521, Fax: 650-325-6857, email: gpa@stanford.edu, and Ruth DeFries, University of Maryland, Department of Geography and Earth System Science, College Park, MD 20742 USA, Tel: 301-314-9299, email: rd63@umail.umd.edu

B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of Ecosystem Change
Climate change, deterioration of air and water quality, and recent changes in land use have threatened the health and function of many ecosystems. These trends are likely to continue into the future. Isotopes have proven to be a powerful tool for detecting changes in ecosystem function over a variety of timescales. For example, isotopic fluxes from ecosystems have been shown to vary in response to short-term climate fluctuations within days, while isotopic records in tree rings, ice cores, and lake sediments can indicate changes in ecosystem function over decades to millennia. Isotopic shifts in carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, strontium, and iron each provide unique indicators of biogeochemical processes at scales spanning from microbial to regional, and are particularly powerful when used in combination. For example, the ecosystem functions associated with carbon accumulation and storage have received much attention recently because of the Kyoto Protocol and the global need to reduce CO^2 accumulation in the atmosphere. Isotopes are providing new and interesting insights into the complexity of processes controlling carbon storage within ecosystems, and how land use and land use change can alter these processes. Further, isotopic tools can help elucidate recent and historic ecosystem changes, and potentially can help separate natural variance from anthropogenic effects. This session will focus on isotopic indicators of ecosystem processes with particular emphasis on ecosystem change and stability. We especially encourage submissions that highlight the use of multiple isotopes or multiple timescales to understand ecosystem changes or ecosystem processes.
Conveners: J. Renee Brooks, U.S. EPA/NHEERL Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333 USA, Tel: (541) 754-4684, Fax: (541) 754-4799, email: Brooks.ReneeJ@epa.gov, and Elizabeth Sulzman, Oregon State University, 3017 ALS Building Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: (541) 737-8936, email: elizabeth.sulzman@oregonstate.edu

B20 Modeling Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles in Natural and Contaminated Systems: Linking Hydrogeological, Microbiological, and Geochemical Processes
This session will feature both conceptual and numerical models that describe factors controlling biogeochemical cycling over time and space. In aqueous environments, chemical fate and transport are controlled by microbial growth and decay, organic and inorganic geochemical reactions, and hydrologic processes including fluid flow and sorption/desorption reactions. These processes can be described in terms of thermodynamic and kinetic arguments. Recent advances in computational power and the availability of codes capable of simulating mixed kinetic-thermodynamic reaction systems provide an unprecedented opportunity for development of quantitative descriptions of coupled hydrobiogeochemical systems. This session will provide a venue for presentation of kinetic/thermodynamic models of in situ and laboratory "batch" studies and new applications of conceptual biogeochemical models to understand a variety of environmental processes. Topics will include (but are not limited to) organic contaminant and trace element cycling; chemical diagenesis and contaminant transformations in aquatic sediments; mineral precipitation-dissolution reactions; and redox reactions in surface/subsurface aqueous environments.
Conveners: Jennifer Therese McGuire, Texas A&M University, Department of Geology & Geophysics 3115 TAMU , College Station, TX 77843-3115 USA, Tel: 979-845-4520, Fax: 979-845-6162, email: mcguire@geo.tamu.edu, and Eric Roden, The University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0206 USA, email: eroden@bsc.as.ua.edu

B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
The growing interest in recent years in biogeochemical cycles, including those of the four life-essential elements (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur), has generated a number of research programs, funding initiatives, and curricular foci, nationally and internationally. While there has been a great deal of activity and development of the ecological and general biological aspects of these biogeochemical cycles, the geologic aspects have been explored to a lesser extent. This session is designed to help close that gap by focusing on geologic aspects specifically. These include, but are not limited, to geologic processes involved in biogeochemical cycles, their geological environment, and geologic proxies and modeling with which to document past biogeochemical conditions and processes. Abstracts are solicited from the broadest geologic community so that the session will span the range of disciplines relevant to the geologic aspects of biogeochemical cycles, and will bring together those engaged in observational and theoretical studies.
Conveners: Enriqueta Barrera, National Science Foundation, USA, email: ebarrera@nsf.gov, and Dork Sahagian, University of New Hampshire, USA, email: dork.sahagian@unh.edu

B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North America
This session will focus on the role of human activity in the carbon cycle over North America. Study of the carbon cycle has emphasized the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, ocean, and land reservoirs by natural processes. Yet it is human activity that is altering the carbon cycle to the point where shifts in local weather patterns and even global climate change are becoming a concern. The carbon cycle of the 21st century will be dominated by human influences, although natural feedbacks remain a significant concern. Land use change, energy consumption patterns, development, and population growth have all played significant roles in altering the carbon cycle. As society attempts to manage the carbon cycle in the future, it will become increasingly important to understand these human drivers, both to understand the future patterns of carbon in the Earth system and to understand possible deliberate strategies to mitigate future atmospheric carbon dioxide growth. This session will consider papers on how human activity has altered the carbon cycle over time in the North American region and how human drivers might be expected to change in the future. Abstracts are encouraged that link research on human activities such as land use change, development, or energy use patterns to the spatial or temporal distribution of carbon in the Earth system, as well as studies of deliberate management of the carbon system, such as carbon sequestration, carbon trading, or the role of energy decarbonization. Empirical, theoretical, case study, and modeling research are all encouraged.
Conveners: Lisa Dilling, ESIG/NCAR, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA, Tel: 303-497-2885, Fax: 303-497-8125, email: ldilling@ucar.edu, and Gregg Marland, Env. Sciences Div./Oak Ridge National Laboratory, , Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6335 USA, Tel: 865-241-4850, Fax: 865-574-2232, email: gum@ornl.gov

B23 Very High Resolution Land Cover Mapping Applications to Resource Management
With the advent of very high resolution satellite imagery (IKONOS, QUICKBIRD) it is now possible to achieve mapping accuracies from space that are comparable, in many cases, to aerial photographic interpretation. This allows for a range of land cover and land use mapping and monitoring applications over large areas in support of decision making for resource management. For example, maps of tree cover and built surfaces can be used to target restoration or mitigation activities to protect stream water quality. A very wide range of other applications are possible, building on work that has traditionally been done with aerial photographs. The use of very high resolution imagery brings with it, however, a number of issues that must be properly addressed, such that assessments of land use change and effectiveness of land use planning are based on accurate and repeatable methodologies. These new data sets also require addressing a series of technical issues related to radiometric measurements of mixtures of scene elements, shadowing between components, and the like. We encourage abstracts that examine the range of research and applications of high-resolution imagery, with particular emphasis on assessments of the capabilities as well as constraints and limitations of the data sets and mapping technologies. Relevant abstracts might address interpretation and quantification of imagery in urbanizing areas, studies aimed at determining the effectiveness of land use planning, and projects focused on management of land and water resources.
Conveners: Scott J Goetz, Woods Hole Research Center, P.O. Box 296, Woods Hole, MA 02543-0296 USA, Tel: 508-548-9375, Fax: 508-540-9700, email: sgoetz@whrc.org, and Tom Stone, Woods Hole Research Center, P.O. Box 296, Woods Hole, MA 02543-0296 USA, Tel: 508-540-9900, Fax: 508-540-9700, email: tstone@whrc.org

B24 Validation and Application of Land Surface Products From the MODIS Sensor
With more than three years of data available from the MODIS sensor, there has been progress in both the validation and application of the various global land products including land cover, forest cover, land surface temperature, snow and ice cover, spectral vegetation indices, leaf area index, fPAR, gross primary production, net primary production, and fire detection. Validation activities are continuing at multiple scales from field measurement campaigns and measurements at eddy covariance towers to regional and global comparisons with other satellite sensors and models. The session will focus on not only those products which may be considered validated, but also those which are still being tested, in which case problems and potential solutions will be discussed. We encourage also the submission of abstracts presenting the application of these products for improved understanding of biospheric processes. Applications which integrate multiple MODIS land products or various remote sensing techniques are particularly welcome.
Conveners: Faith Ann Heinsch, University of Montana, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group School of Forestry 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812 USA, Tel: 406-243-6218, Fax: 406-243-4510, email: faithann@ntsg.umt.edu, and Steven W Running, University of Montana, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group School of Forestry 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59802 USA, Tel: 406-243-6311, Fax: 406-243-4510, email: swr@ntsg.umt.edu, and Jeff Privette, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, MODIS Land Team Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-6630, Fax: 301-614-6695, email: jeff.privette@nasa.gov

B25 Aqueous Microbial Geochemistry
Links between aqueous geochemical processes and microbial metabolic activity, reaction mechanisms, and/or energetics are the focus of this session. Field, laboratory, and theoretical investigations are welcomed. Suggested topics include any aspect of the microbial geochemical linkages involved in processes such as biomineralization, metals cycling, mineral dissolution, contaminant sequestration or mobilization, fossilization, diagenesis, organic compound transformation, and weathering. Abstracts reflecting a combined multidisciplinary approach, e.g., molecular geomicrobiology, biomolecular geochemistry, microbial ecology, and surface biogeochemistry, are particularly encouraged.
Conveners: Everett Shock , Dept. of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, USA, email: eshock@asu.edu, and Lesley A Warren, School of Geography & Geology, McMaster University, GSB 309, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 CAN, Tel: 905 525 9140 x 27347, Fax: 905 546 0463, email: warrenl@mcmaster.ca

B26 Land Use Impacts on Trace Gas Exchanges: BATREX Contribution to New Global Change Science Agenda
In recent years significant changes in the way land areas are used have occurred, affecting biogeochemical cycles, especially trace gas fluxes. These changes, conversion of forests to other uses, conversion of agricultural lands to urban development, conversion of range lands to crop lands, and conversion from one type of agricultural system to another, have a significant impact on human society through changes in air quality, water quality, and food production. In addition, farming practices are changing, which affect societal as well as a variety of environmental concerns. One such concern is related to changes in agricultural field management and the impact on atmospheric trace gas concentrations. Water management in rice production can directly impact both methane (CH^4) and nitrous oxide (N^2O) fluxes, and changes from animal waste based fertilization practices to synthetic fertilization can greatly influence N^2O, NH^3, and NO^x emissions. In this proposal we combine the aspects of land management and land use into one "land use" term for simplicity's sake, but keep in mind that both types of change need to be addressed. This session will present abstracts dealing with land use management changes on trace gas fluxes and highlight research needed for defining a research agenda for understanding global environmental change.
Conveners: Arvin Mosier, USDA-ARS, , Fort Collins, CO USA, email: amosier@lamar.colostate.edu, and Dennis Ojima, CSU-NREL, , Fort Collins, CO USA, email: dennis@nrel.colostate.edu

B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
Aeolian processes (wind erosion, dust emission, particle transport, and deposition) are basic elements of the Earth system with local, regional, and global impacts. For example, dust emission affects ecosystems by removing nutrients and changing soil surface texture as well as through other mechanisms. Dust deposition can provide an important long-term source of nutrients to ecosystems but also introduce pathogens. The purpose of this session is to explore the various roles of dust emission and deposition in biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Potential topics include (1) the impact of desert dust inputs on ocean cycles of Fe and P, (2) the consequences of dust-borne pathogens on human and ecosystem health, (3) the impact of wind erosion and dust emission on nutrient cycling in deserts, (4) the impact of dust deposition on soil formation processes, (5) the impact of dust deposition on the maintenance of long-term ecosystem productivity, (6) the importance of dust relative to other atmospheric gain/loss pathways (i.e., fire), and (7) linking ecosystem modeling with physical transport by wind.
Conveners: Gregory S Okin, University of Virginia, Dept. of Environmental Sciences 921 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123 USA, Tel: 434 924-3324, Fax: 434 924-3324, email: okin@virginia.edu, and Natalie Mahowald, National Center for Atmospheric Research, , Boulder, CO USA, Tel: 303-497-1719, email: mahowald@ucar.edu

B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions, Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
Biogenic and anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr) are transported and chemically transformed in the atmosphere and deposited on terrestrial ecosystems, and alter the structure and function of those systems. Estimating atmospheric N exchange, including emissions and deposition, and evaluating ecosystem responses require a diverse array of measurements and models that link the processes at multiple scales. We seek abstracts on physical, chemical, biological, and anthropogenic processes that drive local, regional, and global nitrogen exchange, resultant impacts on terrestrial ecosystem structure, function, carbon uptake, nitrogen export, and biodiversity, the ultimate fate of deposited Nr, and policy implications and responses.
Conveners: Stuart B. Weiss, Creekside Center for Earth Observations, 27 Bishop Lane, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: (650) 854-9732, email: stubweiss@netscape.net, and Elisabeth Holland, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305-3000 USA, Tel: 303-497-1433, Fax: 303-497-1477, email: eholland@ucar.edu

B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
With the advent of FluxNet we now have continuous sampling of biosphere-atmosphere flux at many discrete points, but with limited spatial coverage. Remote sensing provides spatially extensive information regarding ecosystem states, but may not be continuous in time. The contrasting temporal and spatial domains of these two complementary methods present formidable challenges when trying to gain an integrated understanding of Earth system processes. This session will examine emerging efforts to integrate remote sensing with flux sampling to provide an improved understanding of ecosystem function. A particular focus will be on SpecNet (Spectral Network), which is designed to explore the challenges of integrating disparate temporal and spatial data sets.
Conveners: John A Gamon, California State University, Los Angeles, Department of Biological Sciences 5151 State University Drive , Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA, Tel: 323-343-2066, Fax: 323-343-6451, email: jgamon@calstatela.edu, and Abdullah Faiz Rahman, Ball State University, Department of Geography CL425, Ball State University , Muncie, IN 47306 USA, Tel: 765-285-1172, Fax: 765-285-2351, email: faiz@bsu.edu