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Full Detail Approved Session Listing
Designators for approved sessions belong to the lead section or
focus group abbreviation (i.e., A01 denotes Atmospheric Sciences, P01
denotes Planetary Sciences, etc.) Additionally, approved sessions are
listed under all sections or focus groups who have agreed to cosponsor
particular sessions. These sessions are listed after the section and
focus group primary listing but with the lead section designation. Some
technical committees have elected to only cosponsor sessions.
Union
U01 Health, Air Pollution, and Climate
Air pollution contributes to mortality and respiratory disease
worldwide, with developing countries often at highest risk. The World
Health Organization estimates that between 1.4 and 6 million people die
each year from air pollution, and in some populations up to 30% of all
respiratory disease may be linked to air pollution. As the climate
changes, increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are
expected to yield new health challenges and may worsen existing risks.
This session will address health impacts of air pollution and linkages
between public health and climate change. Increasingly, health-driven
projects are employing state-of-the-art modeling and measurement
methodologies. We aim to bring together researchers engaged in applying
atmospheric science to health issues, engaging a broad cross section of
researchers from both developed and developing countries. Abstracts are
solicited that address quantitative assessment methodologies for
understanding the connections between health, air pollution, and
climate. We intend for presentations to reflect research from the areas
of atmospheric chemistry, climate change, public health, and public
policy, especially where these fields overlap to address health impacts.
Conveners: Tracey Holloway, Gaylord Nelson Institute for
Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Earth Institute,
Columbia University 2960 Broadway Hogan Hall, B-16, New York, NY 10027
USA, Tel: 212 854 9934, Fax: 212 854 6309, email: th2024@columbia.edu,
and Galen McKinley, Instituto Nacional de Ecología, Periferico
5000, piso 4 Colonia Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Mexico, DF 04530 MEX, Tel:
(5255) 5424 5402, Fax: (5255) 5424 5404, email: galen@alum.mit.edu
U02 The Contributions of 20 Years of Scientific
Ocean Drilling
The year 2003 marks 20 years of scientific ocean drilling through the
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), which has been widely hailed as perhaps
the most successful example of international cooperation in all of
geosciences and has resulted in important scientific advances in nearly
all subfields of marine geology and geophysics. This year also heralds
the formal beginning of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), an
even more ambitious international program that will utilize a range of
drilling platforms for scientific ocean drilling throughout the world's
ocean basins. This session will celebrate the scientific contributions
of scientific ocean drilling through the full range of geoscience
themes. We particularly solicit abstracts that (1) synthesize
interdisciplinary, thematic, or regional results over multiple
expeditions, or (2) present historical perspectives on contributions of
scientific ocean drilling from DSDP through ODP with an eye to the
future contributions of IODP. We also encourage submission of abstracts
that relate to the major findings of scientific ocean drilling,
including (but not limited to) the evidence for climate change, both
abrupt and long-term; the record of sea-level change; microbial
presence and processes in the ocean sediments and crust; the nature of
oceanic crust; subduction processes; and fluid flow in oceanic crust
and sediments and in subduction settings.
Conveners: Keir Becker, University of Miami - RSMAS, 4600
Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA, Tel: 1-305-361-4661, Fax:
1-305-361-4632, email: kbecker@rsmas.miami.edu, and Nicklas Pisias,
COAS, Oregon State University, , Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel:
1-541-737-5213, Fax: 1-541-737-2064, email: npisias@coas.oregonstate.edu
U03 Recent Infrasound Studies, Phenomena, and
Development
Volcanologists, seismologists, and atmospheric physicists all have used
infrasound (<20 Hz atmospheric acoustic waves) to infer
characteristics of significant phenomena. Instrumenting, acquiring, and
interpreting infrasound signals from natural and man-made activity
requires an understanding of how significant phenomena generate
long-period sound waves, how these waves propagate through the turbulent
atmosphere, and how they can be clearly recorded despite high levels of
wind and turbulent noise. The objective of this session is to discuss
and present recent advances in the study of these sound waves for the
purposes of better understanding source phenomenology and the structure
of Earth's atmosphere.
Conveners: Chris Hayward, Department of Geological Sciences,
Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750395, Dallas, TX 75275-0395 USA,
Tel: 1 214 768-3031, Fax: 1 214 768-4291, email: hayward@smu.edu, and
Michael Andrew Huvud Hedlin, Laboratory for Atmospheric Acoustics,
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive,
La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA, Tel: 1 858 534-8773, Fax: 1 858 534-6354,
email: hedlin@ucsd.edu
U04 New Advances in Data and Service Access for
Support of Science Research and Decision Support (POSTER)
This session focuses on new advances related to making diverse data
usable and available to space and Earth science researchers and decision
makers. It includes all aspects of the end-to-end data and service flow,
from data organization to decision support systems. Topics also include
standards, modeling, metadata, interoperability, and tool reuse.
Conveners: Robin Pfister, Mail Code 423, NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301 614 5171, Fax: 301
614 5267, email: robin.g.pfister@nasa.gov, and Richard Ullman, Mail
Code 423, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA,
Tel: 301 614 5228, Fax: 301 614 5267, email: richard.ullman@nasa.gov
U05 Earth's Collapsing Dipole
Earth's dipole moment has been decreasing at a rate of approximately
10% in the last 150 years, continuing a downward trend that has
persisted over the last 4000 years. The trend has far-reaching
implications, ranging from the potential for continued and more
extensive satellite radiation damage, to the speculation that the field
is heading toward reversal. Large changes in Earth's field may generate
corresponding changes in structure of the magnetosphere and ionosphere.
Atmospheric changes are known to result from present-day and historical
variations in solar activity and might be responsible for accompanying
climate changes. The presence or absence of a magnetic field plays an
important role in planetary atmospheric conditions, with significant
geochemical consequences. The goal of this session is to draw together
observations and theoretical and computation studies from a range of
geophysical disciplines to understand the nature and implications of
this remarkable decrease in dipole intensity.
Conveners: John Tarduno, Department of Earth and Environmental
Sciences, University of Rochester, 227 Hutchison Hall, Rochester, NY
14627 USA, Tel: 585 275 5713, Fax: 585 244 5689, email:
john@earth.rochester.edu, and Catherine Constable, Institute of
Geophysics and Planetary Physics, SIO, University of California San
Diego, , La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, Tel: 858 534 3183, Fax: 858 534 8090,
email: cconstable@ucsd.edu, and Charles M. Jackman, NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center, MC 926, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001 USA, Tel: (301)614-6053,
Fax: (301)614-5903, email: jackman@assess.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Eigil
Friis-Christensen, Danish Space Research Institute, Juliane Maries Vej
30, Copenhagen, DK-2100 DNK, Tel: (+45) 3532 5707, email: efc@dsri.dk
U06 Virtual Observatories in Space and Earth
Sciences
Progress during the next era in Earth and space science will benefit
from an integrated data environment. That integrated data environment
should ideally offer easy and simultaneous access to multiple sources of
high-quality observations, long-term geophysical records, model output,
and data services across traditional discipline boundaries as well as
enable the use of tools that enable the use of those data. The ready
availability of cheap, powerful microprocessors means that we can
revisit the concept of a data "archive": We can form "virtual
observatories" that enable users, in principle, to meet many of their
data requirements through one interface. Within the AGU community, there
are many approaches to addressing all or part of the virtual observatory
concept. We solicit abstracts from science users, information
technologists, and current service providers to (1) highlight
achievements and lessons learned from current systems and services, (2)
identify the scientific, technical, and programmatic data challenges
facing the Earth and space science community, and (3) describe emerging
architectural and technical solutions.
Conveners: Larry Paxton, The Johns Hopkins University Applied
Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA, Tel:
240 228 6871, Fax: 240 228 6670, email: larry.paxton@jhuapl.edu, and
Peter C. Cornillon, Univ Rhode IslandGraduate School Oceanography, ,
Narragansett, RI 02882 USA, Tel: 401 874 6283, Fax: 401 874 6702, email:
pcornillon@gso.uri.edu, and Tim Ahern, IRIS Data Management Center,
1408 NE 45th Street #201, Seattle, WA 98105 USA, Tel: 206 547 0393 x
118, Fax: 206 547 1093, email: tim@iris.washington.edu
U07 Estimating the Consequences of Severe
Geophysical Events
Many geophysical phenomena lead to severe economic, social, and
political consequences. Estimating these consequences requires
understanding not only the geophysics involved, but also the economics,
sociology and politics influenced by the geophysical phenomenon.
Examples range from estimating the economic and social consequences of a
severe earthquake, weather, or climatic event, to assessing global
warming, to estimating the ultimate social and political consequences
resulting from the finiteness of petroleum resources. This session will
explore estimates of consequences as well as emerging estimation
methodologies. Of particular interest will be improving understanding of
what geophysical questions have the most significant influence on the
estimation of consequences. We hope to explore the consequences of
geophysical events and phenomena such as resource finiteness,
earthquakes, meteor impacts, volcanic eruptions, climate change,
hurricanes, severe storms, floods, groundwater contamination, and floods.
Conveners: Amos Nur, Department of Geophysics, Stanford
University, 317 Mitchell Bldg 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA,
Tel: 650 723 9526, Fax: 650 723 1188, email: amos.nur@stanford.edu, and
Robert L. Wesson, U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 966 Box 25046,
Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303 273 8524, Fax: 303 273 8600, email:
rwesson@usgs.gov
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical,
Experimental, and Observational Constraints
Rapid progress is being made in understanding the state, history, and
dynamics of the core-mantle boundary (CMB)region. The purpose of this
session is to bring together researchers with different approaches to
discuss recent findings and promote interdisciplinary dialogue. Topics
to be discussed include the following: What is the nature of the
ultralow velocity zone at the base of the lower mantle? What causes
anisotropy in D''? How is angular momentum exchanged across the CMB?
How is matter transferred between the core and mantle, what geochemical
signatures would be expected, and what would this mean for the physical
state and dynamics of D''? Is radiogenic heat production in the core
significant? How do core-mantle fluxes influence mantle convection and
the geodynamo, and vice versa? We encourage contributions from all
relevant fields, including seismology, mineral physics, geochemistry,
geodynamics, geomagnetism, magnetohydrodynamics, and geodesy.
Conveners: James A. Van Orman, Case Western Reserve University,
USA, email: jav12@cwru.edu, and Abby Kavner, UCLA, USA, email:
akavner@igpp.ucla.edu, and Alan D Brandon, NASA/JSC, USA, email:
alan.d.brandon@nasa.gov, and Bruce Buffett, University of British
Columbia, CAN, email: buffett@geop.ubc.ca
U09 Evolution of Biogeochemical Cycles
In the absence of coupled biogeochemical cycles, life (as we know it)
can neither originate nor persist on any planet, yet we do not
understand how biogeochemical cycles develop and evolve. This session
will provide a forum for understanding how biogeochemical cycles evolved
on Earth and how to use that knowledge to search for evidence of past or
present life on other planets and to explore the future of life on
Earth. Although we have detailed knowledge of numerous physicochemical
and biochemical processes, we do not understand how many key metabolic
processes, such as nitrogen fixation, oxygenic photosynthesis, aerobic
respiration, and anaerobic metal and sulfate reduction, coevolved to
form interactive biogeochemical cycles on a planetary scale. At the
heart of this enigma is our ignorance of the rules of biochemical
evolution that govern how energy conversion between coupled chemical
processes evolved to become "living" organisms and of the mechanisms of
the major transformations in the history of both life and the biosphere.
Moreover, on Earth, several biogeochemical cycles have been markedly
altered by human activities over the past 200 years. As we drift
further away from the biogeochemical domain that characterized Earth
prior to human perturbation, we must understand how biogeochemical
cycles interact with each other and other planetary processes to
maintain a habitable planet. This session will encourage dialogue among
scientists with expertise in molecular evolution, microbial ecology,
biogeochemsitry, and planet formation.
Conveners: Paul Falkowski, Institute of Marine and Coastal
Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ
08901-8521 USA, Tel: (732) 932-6555 ext. 370, Fax: (732) 932-4083,
email: falko@imcs.rutgers.edu, and Michael New, NASA, 300 E St., SW,
Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel: (202) 358-1766, Fax: (202) 358-3097,
email: michael.h.new@nasa.gov
U10 Human-Induced Climate Variations Linked to
Urbanization: From Observations to Modeling
The goal of this session is to convene scientists from
interdisciplinary backgrounds to discuss the data, scientific
approaches, and recent results of urban impacts on climate. With the
intent of identifying our current stand and the future direction of
urban study, this session will highlight both remote sensing
observations and modeling capabilities for investigating the changes on
the climate system and its subcomponents induced by human activities in
urban areas, from regional to global scales. Urbanization is one of the
extreme cases of land use change. Currently, urban regions are a
relatively small portion of the land. However, most of the population
of the world is moving to urban areas. By 1995, more than 70% of the
populations of North America and Europe were living in cities. The
United Nations estimates that by 2025, 60% of the world's population
will live in cities. Therefore better understanding f how the
atmosphere-ocean-land-biosphere system responds to human activities in
urban zones is critical. Our understanding of urbanization effects on
climate is incomplete, partly because human activities alter or add
physical processes responsible for possible climate change besides
natural variations, and partly because limited data sets have been
available for studying urban effects globally. Urban construction
changes surface roughness, albedo, heat capacity, and vegetation
coverage. In addition, traffic and industry increase atmospheric
aerosols. It is suggested that urbanization may modify rainfall
processes through aerosol-cloud interactions or dynamic feedbacks.
Because the urbanization effect on climate is determined by many factors
including land cover, the city's microscale features, population
density, and human lifestyle patterns, it is necessary to study urban
areas regionally to globally in order to assess the general features and
extremities of the urban effect. Abstracts are solicited to establish
an interdisciplinary forum combining remote sensing, environmental
science, boundary layer microphysics, numerical modeling (global to
regional), and human dimensions to address questions including (but not
limited to) the following: (1) How does urbanization modify the
climate system, and how can nature respond to such disturbance? (2)
What would be the ranges and extremes of the urban effect? How do we
determine and measure such extremes? (3) How could we generalize or
represent urban modifications in global circulation, numerical weather
prediction, and regional land-atmosphere models? (4) How do urban
areas change local rainfall intensity, distribution, and frequency?
What could the downwind and upwind effects be? How are forcing and
response of urban effects on rainfall represented in numerical models?
(5) What are the changes to aerosol populations and clouds due to human
activities in the urban environment? (6) What are the socioeconomic
impacts of urban-induced climate changes?
Conveners: J. Marshall Shepherd, NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301) 614-6327, email:
Marshall.Shepherd@nasa.gov, and Menglin Jin, Department of
Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, , College Park, MD
20742 USA, Tel: (301)-405-8833, Fax: (301)-314-9482, email:
mjin@atmos.umd.edu
U11 Facilitating Geosciences Research in
Developing Countries (POSTER)
Although many developing countries have been increasing their
investment in scientific research in recent years, their participation
in international scientific activities (attendance at international
meetings, publications in international journals, participation in
international research programs, etc.) is much too low compared with
North America, Europe, Japan, and the Australian region. This session
aims to bring to the attention of the worldwide geosciences community,
key problems encountered by scientists in developing countries when
conducting their research (e.g., funding, access to international
literature, choice of research topics). Identifying the problems may
help mitigate some of them, at least inside the AGU, which includes
among its goals the development of a planet-wide network of members in
geophysical research and the increase in participation in AGU activities
from members traditionally little involved, in particular those from
developing countries. This session encourages the presentation of
current national programs conducted in developing countries, future
research plans in geosciences, as well as joint programs with developed
countries. Particular emphasis on specific problems encountered in these
regions would be of high interest. In addition, presentations dealing
with future plans for local/regional conferences, schools, and
workshops in geophysical sciences, in conjunction with the AGU, will be
also welcome. It is of primary interest that this session serve as a
forum for discussing and identifying, if possible, common problems
encountered in countries involved, for which appropriate practical
solutions may be suggested.
Conveners: Walter D. Gonzalez, Natl Inst Space Research, CP 515,
San Jose dos Campos, SP 12201-970 BRA, Tel: 55-123256793, Fax:
55-123224820, email: gonzalez@dge.inpe.br, and Anny Cazenave,
Laboratoire d'Études en Géophysique et
Océanographie Spatiale LEGOS - GRGS/CNES, Observatoire
Midi-Pyrénées 18 Av. E. Belin, Toulouse, 31400 FRA, Tel:
33 (0) 5 61 33 29 22, Fax: 33 (0) 5 61 25 32 05, email:
anny.cazenave@cnes.fr
U12 Union Tutorials (INVITED ONLY)
These presentations will provide introductory background on the
fundamental scientific concepts of selected topics, and aid in
understanding more technically-detailed papers on the subjects presented
elsewhere at the meeting.
Conveners: Robert Wesson, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 966
Denver Federal Center Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225-0046 USA, Tel:
303-273-8524, email: rwesson@usgs.gov
Atmospheric Sciences
A00 General Atmospheric Sciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Atmospheric Sciences may be
submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit
into one of the approved, preorganized Atmospheric Sciences sessions.
General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and
sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
The Atmospheric Sciences Section (AS) studies the physics, chemistry,
and dynamics of the atmosphere, particularly in the two layers closest
to Earth's surface (the troposphere and stratosphere). These layers are
crucial to life on earth as they form the atmosphere in contact with the
planet surface; they regulate the planetary surface temperature; play an
integral role in the world's water cycle; and screen the planet from
high-energy radiation. The Section is organized into two subsections:
Atmospheric Chemistry (AC) and Atmospheric Physics and Climate (APC).
Research in AS covers topics such as: in situ homogenous and
heterogenous chemistry, atmospheric physics and dynamics, and modeling
of the lower atmosphere. Along with colleagues in other AGU sections, AS
members are studying global climate change. Much research is focused on
monitoring fluctuations in the ozone layer, aerosols, levels of gases,
and the effects of emissions from human activities such as fossil fuel
and biomass burning. The purpose of much of this research is to develop
a basic understanding of atmospheric processes, that can be used to
help design policies to respond to current or future changes in the
atmosphere and climate. The 1987 Montreal Protocol is one example of
how atmospheric scientists have successfully influenced government
policies for the protection of the environment. This international
agreement phased out the manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons throughout
most of the world.
Conveners: Paul Novelli, NOAA CMDL/R/E CG1, 325 Broadway,
Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-497-6974, Fax: 303-497-6290, email:
pnovelli@cmdl.noaa.gov
A01 Chemistry and Dynamics of the Upper
Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere
The upper troposphere/lower stratosphere is a relatively undersampled
region of the atmosphere where measurements can help resolve many
longstanding issues of Earth's chemistry and climate. This session will
examine some important problems in geosciences that measurements, such
as those from the NASA WB-57F aircraft, have helped to resolve.
Contributions are solicited in the areas of chemistry and dynamics of
the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, including the plumes of
aircraft and rockets; particle microphysics; radionuclides and stable
isotopes; radiative balance; mechanisms of dehydration; and remote
sensing.
Conveners: Daniel James Cziczo, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325
Broadway R/AL6 , Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 3034973755, Fax:
3034975373, email: djcziczo@al.noaa.gov, and Martin Ross, Aerospace
Corp., PO Box 929576 M5-615 , Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA, Tel:
3103360360, Fax: 3105368208, email: martin.n.ross@aero.org, and Darin
Toohey, PAOS, The University of Colorado, Stadium 255, Boulder, CO 80309
USA, Tel: 3037350002, Fax: 3037354515, email: toohey@colorado.edu
A02 Biogenic Reactive Trace Compounds and Their
Role in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
The biosphere acts as the largest source and a major sink of reactive
trace gases in the troposphere. Biogenic trace gases affect tropospheric
chemistry, air quality, and the formation of gaseous and particulate
secondary products and thus Earth's climate on a regional and global
scale. Quantitative understanding of the impacts of biogenic emissions
is confined mainly by our limited knowledge regarding the source
strengths of reactive trace gases and their chemical composition, and by
our limited knowledge of the interdependent biological, chemical, and
meteorological processes determining their biosphere-atmosphere
exchange. This session is open to all contributions related to field
studies of reactive trace gas exchange processes at various spatial and
temporal scales, to laboratory and simulation experiments investigating
the role of biogenic compounds in atmospheric chemistry and climate, and
to modeling activities of biosphere-atmosphere exchange and atmospheric
chemistry of biogenic compounds. Abstracts discussing results from
recent multidisciplinary research projects carried out in North America
(e.g., Blodgett Forest, PROPHET), in Amazonia (e.g., LBA) and in Europe
(e.g., ECHO, BEWA) are particularly encouraged. Topics to be addressed
in this session include the influence of environmental parameters on
biogenic emissions and deposition of reactive trace gases; emission
algorithms and their application in emission models;
biosphere-atmosphere exchange processes; upscaling of biogenic
emissions; photochemistry of biogenic VOC and secondary products;
formation of aerosols and organic nitrates from biogenic VOC and their
potential impact on tropospheric photochemistry; and the interdependence
of climate and atmospheric chemistry on biogenic trace gas emissions.
Conveners: Allen H. Goldstein, University of California,
Division of Ecosystem Sciences 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3110
USA, Tel: 510-643-2451, Fax: 510-643-5098, email:
ahg@nature.berkeley.edu, and Ralf Koppmann, Institut fuer Chemie und
Dynamik der Geosphaere, Institut II: Troposphaere Forschungszentrum
Juelich , Juelich, 52425 DEU, Tel: 49-2461-61-5118, Fax:
49-2461-61-8190, email: r.koppmann@fz-juelich.de
A03 Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Critical
Estuary Habitats: The Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment
(BRACE)
The Bay Region Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE) was held during
May 2002 and was an interdisciplinary field measurement designed to
improve understanding of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to Tampa Bay.
BRACE researchers made a complete suite of chemical and meteorological
measurements from ground stations and an instrumented aircraft. Nutrient
increases can stimulate the growth of phytoplankton and change the
species composition of estuary ecosystems, resulting in poisonous algal
blooms, anoxia, increased turbidity, and the loss of important plant and
animal populations. Estuaries may receive from 20 to 60% of externally
supplied nitrogen from a combination of direct atmospheric deposition
and deposition to the watershed which supplies it. One of the most
important of the Gulf Coast estuaries is Tampa Bay. There has been a
reduction of 72% in the sea grass coverage in Tampa Bay over the last
70 years caused by anthropogenic nitrogen inputs. Twenty-nine percent
of this nitrogen input is estimated to come from direct atmospheric
deposition. The BRACE session will be a forum to present the results of
the field program and promote cooperation, collaboration, and
interdisciplinary connections between the various researchers and
institutions involved in the program. Interdisciplinary research will be
emphasized.
Conveners: Thomas B. Watson, NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, 1750
Foote Drive , Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA, Tel: (208) 526-9397, Fax: (208)
526-2549, email: tom.watson@noaa.gov, and Noreen Poor, University of
South Florida/College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd,
Tampa, FL 33612 USA, Tel: (813) 974-8144, email: npoor@hsc.usf.edu
A04 The Organic Aerosol Component: Impact on
Reactivity, Optical Properties, Hygroscopicity and Cloud-Condensation
Properties
Ambient aerosols can affect many aspects of the Earth’s climate and
chemistry. Particles scatter incident sunlight, are critical in
determining the properties of clouds, and provide surfaces facilitating
multiphase reactions. These effects depend, of course, on aerosol
composition, and much attention has been paid recently to the ubiquitous
and substantial organic fraction in particles. One of the vital
challenges facing researchers is to understand and assess the biogenic
and anthropogenic sources of organic species and their roles in the
formation, growth, and aging of particulate matter. In the atmosphere,
this organic component often exists in internally mixed particles,
sometimes with surface-active organic compounds surrounding aqueous or
inorganic cores. Such coated particles may have significant impacts on
the reactivity, hygroscopicity, and optical properties of the aerosol.
An emphasis will be placed on identifying future laboratory studies and
field measurements necessary to systematically address issues such as
these. Consequently, we would like this session to tell a story about
the role of organic constituents in aerosols by highlighting current
research in the following areas: oxidation of gas-phase and particulate
organics and subsequent particle formation and growth; aerosol
processing through heterogeneous chemistry and photochemistry; optical
properties of internally mixed aerosols; hygroscopicity of and phase
transitions in particles; surface properties, including surface-specific
chemistry and cloud condensation; and comprehensive field observations
of aerosols and cloud droplets.
Conveners: Geoffrey D Smith, University of Georgia, 1001 Cedar
St., Chemistry Building, Athens, GA 30602-2556 USA, Tel: 706-583-0478,
Fax: 706-542-9454, email: gsmith@chem.uga.edu, and Thomas Mentel,
Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre Juelich, ,
Juelich, DEU, Tel: + 49 (0)2461 61 6921, email: t.mentel@fz-juelich.de
A05 2002 New England Air Quality Study
The 2002 New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) was an intensive effort
to investigate the chemical and meteorological factors that contribute
to poor air quality in this region, especially in coastal areas. The
campaign combined efforts of numerous educational institutions as well
as federal, state, and local agencies. Data were collected from an
extensive network of ground sites, from the NOAA research vessel Ronald
H. Brown, and from the DOE G-1 aircraft. Intensive measurements were
taken from 12 July through 10 August, 2002, although many of the ground
stations routinely collect data year-round. This session will focus on
results from the mid-July to mid-August period of the 2002 NEAQS;
however, abstracts are solicited on all aspects of air quality in
coastal areas.
Conveners: Eric Williams, NOAA/Aeronomy Lab. & CIRES/Univ.
of Colorado, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 303/497-3226,
Fax: 303/497-5126, email: eric@al.noaa.gov, and Bob Talbot, Institute
for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Morse Hall University of New
Hampshire 39 College Road, Durham, NH 03824 USA, Tel: 603/862-0322, Fax:
603/862-1915, email: rwt@christa.unh.edu, and Tim Bates, NOAA/Pacific
Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA
98115 USA, Tel: 206/526-6248, Fax: 206/526-6744, email:
tim.bates@noaa.gov
A06 Comparative Photochemical Modeling of Earth
and Planetary Atmospheres
Atmospheric photochemistry on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Venus,
Earth, Mars, Io, Titan, Triton, and Pluto was reviewed in Yung and
DeMore's [1999] book “Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres.” The
authors summarized the chemical cycles that control the present
composition and past history of these atmospheres. This session focuses
on recent advances in photochemical modeling of planetary atmospheres.
This comparative approach may aid studies of planetary evolution and
astrobiological potential for planets in our solar and extrasolar
systems.
Conveners: Yuk L. Yung, California Institute of Technology,
Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences 1200 E. California Blvd.,
Pasadena, CA 91125 USA, Tel: 626-395-6940, Fax: 626-585-1917, email:
yly@mercu1.gps.caltech.edu, and G. Randall Gladstone, Southwest Research
Institute, Instrumentation and Space Research Division 6220 Culebra
Rd., San Antonio, TX 78238 USA, Tel: 210-522-3581, Fax: 210-543-0052,
email: rgladstone@swri.edu
A07 Contributions to Middle Atmosphere Science
by Solar Occultation Instrumentation
Since the late 1970s a series of international instruments have
employed solar occultation to measure profiles of aerosol extinction,
ozone, and other gases from the middle troposphere through the
mesosphere. These instruments include the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas
Experiment series (SAGE; 1979-present), the Halogen Occultation
Experiment (HALOE; 1991-present), the Polar Ozone and Aerosol
Measurement series (POAM; 1993-1996, 1998-present), and the Improved
Limb Atmospheric Sounder (ILAS; 1996-1997). These instruments have
provided insight to key climate change issues including long-term ozone
and water vapor trends in the stratosphere, the effect of volcanic
eruptions on climate, and processes in and around the Arctic and
Antarctic vortices. The prominent role of solar occultation instruments
in middle atmospheric science is assured by the new instruments that
have been recently launched or will be launched shortly. These include
SAGE III (2002), ILAS II (2002), Scanning Imaging Absorption
Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY; 2002), and
Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment/Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in
the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE/MAESTRO;
summer 2003). In this session, we seek contributions that highlight the
scientific applications of data from solar occultation instruments and
ones that highlight the capabilities of newly launched instruments.
Conveners: Larry W Thomason, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail
Stop 475, Hampton, VA 23681 USA, Tel: 757 864 6842, Fax: 757 864 2671,
email: l.w.thomason@nasa.gov, and Philip L. DeCola, NASA Headquarters,
Code YS, Washington, DC 20546 USA, Tel: 202-358-0768, Fax: 202-358-2770,
email: pdecola@hq.nasa.gov, and Richard Bevilacqua, Naval Research
Laboratory, Code 7220, Washington, DC 20375-5320 USA, Tel:
202-767-0768, Fax: 202-767-7885, email: bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil
A08 Results From the SOLVE II/VINTERSOL Mission
The Sage III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment II (SOLVE II) took
place in January and Feburary 2003 in conjunction with the European
VINTERSOL campaign. This session highlights the results of these winter
campaigns to study the polar vortex and the polar ozone layer and to
help validate SAGE III data.
Conveners: Mark R Schoeberl, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,
Code 916 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-6002, Fax:
301-614-5903, email: Mark.R.Schoeberl@nasa.gov, and Lamont R Poole,
NASA/Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 435 NASA Langley Research
Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA, Tel: 757-864-2689, Fax: 757-864-7775,
email: l.r.poole@larc.nasa.gov
A09 Tropical Cirrus Anvils: Properties and
Processes
This session will cover tropical anvil and in situ cirrus physical
properties (e.g., ice crystal sizes and shapes, cloud structure,
evolution), physical processes controlling cirrus formation and life
cycle (e.g., dynamics, droplet activation, and ice nucleation in deep
convection; and microphysical, dynamical, and radiative processes in the
anvils), and the effects of tropical cumulonimbus-anvil systems on
upper tropospheric water, lower stratospheric water, and radiative
fluxes. In particular, we solicit results from the recent Cirrus
Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area
Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE).
Conveners: Eric Jensen, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4 ,
Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650-604-4392, Fax: 650-604-3625,
email: ejensen@sky.arc.nasa.gov, and Donald E Anderson, NASA
Headquarters, Code YS NASA HQ, Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel:
202-358-1432, Fax: 202-358-2770, email: danders1@hq.nasa.gov
A10 Effects of Biomass Burning Plumes on the
Troposphere and Stratosphere
The injection of biomass burning plumes, especially from boreal forest
fires, into the troposphere and lower stratosphere poses many challenges
to atmospheric research. In this session we encourage abstracts of the
latest research on the following topics: (1) detection, frequency,
maximum altitude and geographic distribution of such events and their
importance for global budgets; (2) in situ and remote sensing
measurements of composition, and air quality aspects; (3) long-range
transport of the plumes, and radiative forcing and other implications;
(4) details of high altitude lofting and injection processes, what is
the role of the fires?, and what are the similarities/distinctions with
volcanic eruptive processes?; and (5) the impact of the plumes on
atmospheric chemistry.
Conveners: Hans-Jürg Jost, BAER Institute, NASA Ames
Research Center MS 245-5 , Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650 604
0697, Fax: 650 604 3625, email: hjost@mail.arc.nasa.gov, and Mike
Fromm, Computational Physics, Inc., 8001 Braddock Rd. Suite 210,
Springfield, VA 22151 USA, Tel: (202) 404 1389, email:
mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil, and Katja Drdla, NASA Ames Research Center,
MS 245-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, email: katja@katja.arc.nasa.gov
A11 Integrating Aerosol Measurements and Models
Major uncertainties in chemistry and climate models concern the
representation of the source, composition, size, shape, and spatial
distribution of aerosols. Information on the size, chemical composition,
and optical properties of aerosols is critical to accurately assessing
their respective impact. New aerosol data that become available from
recent large international field studies (INDOEX, ACE-Asia) as well as
from new satellite sensors (MODIS, MISR) and recent advances in aerosol
measurements (e.g., single particle analysis, such as that carried out
with single particle mass spectrometers (e.g., ATOFMS, PALMS), aerosol
mass spectrometry (AMS), fast response PILS, etc.) are providing unique
and detailed information on the composition of aerosol. The purpose of
this session is to provide a forum for measurers and modelers to
discuss ways to bridge the newer state-of-the-art aerosol measurements
with models. The goal of this session is to present abstracts showing
the current state of measurements and models. We hope to address how
the measurements are fitting in with the models, and what the modelers
can do and need from the measurement side. It is critical to bring
these two groups together so they can begin bridging the gap between
measurements and modeling, and the combined strengths of the two can
yield a better fundamental knowledge of tropospheric aerosols.
Conveners: Kimberly A. Prather, U.C. San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr.
Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92024-0314 USA, Tel: 858-822-5312, email:
kprather@ucsd.edu, and Gregory R. Carmichael, University of Iowa, Karl
Kammermeyer Professor of Chemical Engineering Co-Director, Center for
Global and Regional Environmental Research Associate Dean for Research
and Graduate Studies 428 IATL, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA, Tel:
319/335-3332, Fax: 319/335-3337, email: gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu,
and Joyce Penner, University of Michigan, Dept. of Atmos., Ocean and
Space Studies University of Michigan 2455 hayward, Ann Arbor, MI
48109-2143 USA, Tel: 734-936-0519, Fax: 734-764-5137, email:
penner@umich.edu, and Stefan Kinne, Max-Planck Inst. for Meterology,
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology Bunderstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg,
DEU, Tel: 011-49-40-41173-383, Fax: 011-49-40-1173-298, email:
kinne@dkrz.de
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of
Atmospheric Gases
Isotopic ratio measurements help constrain the magnitudes and locations
of sources and sinks by adding additional tracers that are closely
linked by source and sink processes. This session is intended to be an
overview of the current state of the application of isotopic tracers to
global budgets of atmospheric gases. Atmospheric isotopic measurements
have been applied to a wide variety of molecules of interest to both the
atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycling communities. Although
the applications are diverse, there are many issues surrounding both
measurements and their interpretation that are common to all. We
encourage contributions dealing with measurements, measurement
techniques, and modeling of isotopic ratios of atmospheric species on
large spatial scales.
Conveners: John B Miller, University of Colorado, Boulder,
R/CMDL 1 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, email:
john.b.miller@noaa.gov, and Thomas Roeckmann, Max Planck Institut fur
Kernphsyik, DEU, email: Thomas.Roeckmann@mpi-hd.mpg.de
A13 The Aura Mission to Study Chemistry and
Climate
The Aura spacecraft will be launched into orbit at the end of January
2004. This session will feature invited talks on the science goals,
measurements and validation activities associated with the the Aura
mission. Talks by the instrument PIs will set the stage for the
contributed abstracts on the algorithms, validation flight plans, and
opportunities for AGU scientists to participate in this mission
Conveners: Mark R. Schoeberl, NASA/GSFC, Code 916 NASA/GSFC,
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, email: Mark.R.Schoeberl@nasa.gov, and Anne
Douglass, NASA/GSFC, Code 916 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, email:
douglass@carioca.gsfc.nasa.gov
A14 A Quarter Century of Satellite Measurements
by TOMS
The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) was originally launched on
Nimbus 7 in 1978 to map the meteorological variability of the total
column content of ozone. The instrument lasted more than 14 years in
orbit, and its successors are still making measurements today. Analysis
of the solar ultraviolet radiation backscattered from the Earth has gone
well beyond the original measurements of ozone. We routinely derive
aerosol properties from TOMS that show desert dust and biomass burning
signatures over both land and ocean. The TOMS measurements are used to
derive a daily measure of surface ultraviolet radiation. TOMS
reflectivity measurements in the UV identify changes in cloud cover and
radiation reflected to space. After volcanic eruptions, TOMS measures
the signal of sulfur dioxide in the plume, allowing the identification
and quantification of the total release from volcanoes worldwide. For
all of these measurements we now have a 25-year record that serves as a
baseline for current and future studies of decadal climate variability.
Abstracts are solicited on the following topics: long-term ozone
measurements by TOMS, ozone mapping and variability using TOMS
measurements, aerosol measurements by TOMS, UV radiation measurements by
TOMS, volcanic SO^2 measurements by TOMS, use of TOMS measurements
combined with measurements by other satellites, derivation of
tropospheric ozone using TOMS, comparison of TOMS measurements to
ground-based measurements, and use of TOMS measurements to test
atmospheric models.
Conveners: Richard S Stolarski, NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center, Mail Code 916 Greenbelt Road , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel:
301-614-5982, Fax: 301-614-5903, email: stolar@polska.gsfc.nasa.gov, and
Jack A Kaye, NASA Headquarters, Code YSM , Washington, DC 20546-0001
USA, Tel: 202-358-0757, Fax: 202-358-2770, email: Jack.A.Kaye@nasa.gov,
and Arlin Krueger, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 100
Hilltop Circle , Baltimore, MD 21250 USA, email: akrueger@umbc.edu
A15 Ocean/Atmospheric Modeling
The Department of Defense (DOD) High Performance Computing
Modernization Program supports several large DOD Challenge Projects in
the area of ocean and atmospheric modeling. DOD researchers model
global, regional, and littoral ocean environments to provide accurate
ocean forecasting methods for DOD operational units. In addition,
coupling between atmospheric, ocean, and sea ice models is being
actively investigated. This session will present works by DOD
computational scientists in these areas. Workers studying other aspects
of atmospheric and oceanic modeling are encouraged to submit abstracts
to this session.
Conveners: Larry Davis, DOD High Performance Modernization
Program, 101010 North Glebe Road, Suite 510, Arlington, VA 22201 USA,
Tel: 703-812-8205, Fax: 703-812-9701, email: larryd@hpcmo.hpc.mil, and
Alan Wallcraft, Naval Research Laboratory, (Code 7323), Stennis Space
Center, MS 39529 USA, Tel: 228-688-4813, Fax: 228-688-4759, email:
Alan.Wallcraft@nrlssc.navy.mil
A16 Use of Inverse Modeling for Constraining Global Budgets of
Atmospheric Trace Gases
Inverse modeling methods allow for the estimation of surface fluxes of
trace gases based on atmospheric measurements and other available
information. As such, inverse modeling can constrain the global and
regional budgets of radiatively or chemically important gases such as CO2,
CH4, CO, N2O, and SF6, which is critical to the design of effective
emissions management policies. A variety of optimization methods,
transport models, observation network configurations, and levels of spatial
and temporal resolution are currently being explored. The aim is to make
optimal use of limited network data and/or current and future satellite data.
This session explores the ability of existing approaches to estimate fluxes
at various scales, to deal with small- scale variability in available
measurements and to address unanswered questions outlined by the North
American Carbon Program (NACP) and the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) pertaining to atmospheric trace gas budgets.
Conveners:
Anna M. Michalak,
NOAA Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory,
Mailcode R/CMDL1,
325 Broadway,
Boulder, CO 80305-3328,
Tel: 303-497-4568,
Anna.Michalak@noaa.gov,
Wouter Peters,
NOAA Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory,
Mailcode R/CMDL1,
325 Broadway,
Boulder, CO 80305-3328,
Tel: 303-497-4556,
Wouter.Peters@noaa.gov, and
Pieter P. Tans,
NOAA Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory,
Mailcode R/CMDL1,
325 Broadway,
Boulder, CO 80305-3328,
Tel: 303-497-6678,
Pieter.Tans@noaa.gov
Atmospheric Sciences also presents jointly with the following
Special Sessions:
H28 Observations and Modeling of Land Surface
Hydrological Processes
P01 Geological Evidence for Recent Climate Change on Mars
PP13 Rapid Climate Change during the Holocene and Last
Glacial
B01 Disturbance, Climate, and Management Impacts on
Carbon Budgets of Forested Ecosystems
B02 Soil Carbon Changes With Biomass Removal
B03 The Relationship Between Biological Productivity and
Terrestrial Carbon Storage
B06 The Utilization of Compound Specific Analysis in
Biogeochemistry
B11 Environmental Assessment From the Width, Anatomy,
and Chemical Composition of Tree Rings
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and
Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B14 Estimating Terrestrial Carbon, Water, and Energy
Fluxes From Site to Region
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical
Cycles
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on
Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions,
Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux
Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
G01 Advanced Tropospheric Sensing Methods and Accuracy
of Tropospheric Information Determined by Space Geodetic Techniques
G07 Geocenter: Reference Frame Definition and Influence
of Geophysical Fluids
G08 Use of Observations and Models of the Atmosphere and
Oceans in Geodesy and Geodynamics
H19 Observations and Theoretical and Numerical Studies
of Land Surface Heterogeneities on Land-Atmosphere Modeling (POSTER)
H20 Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP)
H21 Use of Artificial Intelligence Methods in
Geosciences (POSTER)
H35 Early Results From NASA's EOS Aqua Spacecraft Mission
OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Past,
Present, and Future
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas
Hydrate From Around the Globe
P06 Science Rationale for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter
Mission
PP07 Evolution of the Antarctic Climate System:
Modeling and Observation
PP10 The Last Interglacial
PP11 Global, Hemispheric and Regional Climate Signals
During the Last Millennium
PP12 Evolution of Earth's Greenhouse Effect
SA01 Energy and Momentum Balance in the Mesosphere and
Lower Thermosphere: Results From the TIMED Mission
V06 Volcanic Emissions to the Troposphere: Fluxes,
Feedbacks, Impacts
AE01 Advances in Lightning and Atmospheric Electricity
Remote Sensing Systems and Algorithms
AE02 The Physics of Lightning and Storm Electrification
AE03 Lightning, Meteorology and Climate
AE04 Electrical Effects of Thunderstorms on the Middle
and Upper Atmosphere
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite
(ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive,
Translator, and Facilitator
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and
Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
H37 Designing a Network of Hydrologic Observatories
(INVITED ONLY)
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic Composition of
the Atmosphere
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of
Ecosystem Change
B26 Land Use Impacts on Trace Gas Exchanges: BATREX
Contribution to New Global Change Science Agenda
H34 Use of Remotely Sensed Boundary Conditions in Land
Surface Modeling
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North
America
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates
Biogeosciences
B00 General Biogeosciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Biogeosciences may be submitted
to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of
the approved, preorganized Biogeosciences sessions. General
contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions
will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
Biogeosciences emphasizes linkages between biological sciences and
geophysical sciences fundamental to study of the Earth and other
planets. Research areas within the section include biogeochemistry,
biogeophysics, astrobiology, and planetary ecosystem science. Those
interested in advancing the understanding of coupled biological and
geophysical processes and phenomenon in emerging research areas in
biology, ecology and earth and planetary science should submit general
contributions. Some examples of such processes include, but are not
limited to: biosphere-atmosphere-climate interactions, nutrient cycles
and their interactions and feedbacks to abiotic processes, effects of
stream flow patterns on aquatic biodiversity, extinction events in Earth
history and existence of life under extreme conditions on Earth or other
planets.
Conveners: Mary Voytek, U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise
Valley Dr. MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703-648-6894, Fax:
703-648-5484, email: mavoytek@usgs.gov
B01 Disturbance, Climate, and Management
Impacts on Carbon Budgets of Forested Ecosystems
The net exchange of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the
atmosphere is regulated by complex interactions between climate,
disturbance history (including land use), vegetation physiology, and
soil processes. The temporal scales of importance to these interactions
span at least 5 orders of magnitude: from the rapid response of
biochemical components, to seasonal dynamics of the water budget, to
interannual dynamics of allocation and growth, to decadal effects of
climate variability on species composition and disturbance regimes, to
the integrated effects of all these factors on centennial dynamics of
soil organic matter and woody biomass. Land use of woodland and
forested ecosystems include logging of large trees, overgrazing, and
fire suppression, and the variation among woody ecosystems is much too
great for a single treatment to be appropriate everywhere. The
integration of field observations, remote sensing, and ecosystem
modeling will be key to understanding the trajectories of change in
northern ecosystems over time. This session will focus on multiple
interacting factors that contribute to complex mosaics of woodland and
forested ecosystems including, but not limited to, climate variability,
land use and management practices, and disturbance regimes. We
encourage submissions that highlight the innovative and creative
integration of modeling, remote sensing, and field observations toward
understanding biogeochemical cycling in woody ecosystems across
climatic, disturbance, and management gradients.
Conveners: Kathy A Hibbard, Oregon State University, Department
of Forest Science , Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 541.737.8021, Fax:
541.737.1393, email: kathy.hibbard@oregonstate.edu, and Mike Apps,
Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre 506 West Burnside Road
, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5 CAN, Fax: 250.363.0775, email: mapps@nrcan.gc.ca
B02 Soil Carbon Changes With Biomass Removal
There is a drive to produce more bioenergy products (both as biofuels
and also direct burning of biomass). In many agriculture systems, there
is biomass left after removal of grains. In the past this was burned in
the fields and a great deal was left in the fields to help prevent
winds and water erosion. Even when fields were tilled, legislation
implemented by the U.S. Congress in Farm Bill programs requires that at
least 30 percent ground cover remain. There is also more minimum or
zero tillage now being practiced. Farmers and land mangers are always
looking for new ways to improve the bottom line, and one method is to
sell the aboveground biomass they produce. But to maintain soil quality
and agriculture stability, we need to leave some residue behind to
replenish the soil. ARS-DOE has a large project to look at biomass
removal with one of the crops such as switchgrass and corn. With
switchgrass you have a sod cover, and this protects the soil, but with
crops like corn there is not a lot of cover when the biomass is removed.
We need to understand the effects of such biomass on the soil and the
processes that go on in the soil (microbial changes, leaching, nutrient
supplying, etc.). Forest lands and lands upon which rapidly growing
trees are produced are also a potential source of biomass fuel. We are
very interested in submissions related to this topic that will help in
understanding the effects of biomass removal and the effects on soil
carbon.
Conveners: Ron Follett, USDA-ARS, Federal Building, Room 424
PO Box E , Fort Collins, CO 80525 USA, Tel: 9704908220, Fax: 9704908213,
email: rfollett@lamar.colostate.edu, and John Kimble, USDA-NRCS, Fed.
Bldg. Room 152, MS 34 100 Centennial Mall North , Lincoln, NE
68508-3866 USA, Tel: 402 437 5376, Fax: 402 437 5336, email:
john.kimble@usda.gov
B03 The Relationship Between Biological
Productivity and Terrestrial Carbon Storage
It is often assumed that there is a relationship between biological
productivity and carbon storage, but high rates of sequestration can be
documented in areas with widely different NPP. Inverse modeling results
and eddy flux observations suggest that many terrestrial ecosystems are
sequestering a surprisingly high proportion of their NPP, at levels
expected for young or recently disturbed systems. Environmental controls
over the proportion of NPP sequestered are diverse. For example, boreal
wetlands may store a high proportion of generally low NPP, where
grassland and cropland systems store a low fraction of often high NPP.
Within forests, the relationship between NPP and sequestration depends
critically on allocation to long-lived tissue (wood) and compounds
resistant to microbial decay. Controls over plant and soil respiration
also influence the proportion of photosynthate retained in the system.
While there has been a great deal of research on plant physiological
controls over gas exchange, physiological processes affecting the
formation of potentially long residence time organic matter are much
more difficult to address experimentally and are consequently less well
understood. The purpose of this session is to explore the relationships
between productivity and carbon storage across the range of spatial and
temporal scales. Contributions are encouraged from scientists
addressing this issue at the organism, stand, and global levels, and
using experimental, flux measurement, and modeling approaches. Workers
using lab, FACE, flux observations, and modeling approaches are all
encouraged to contribute.
Conveners: David Schimel, NCAR, 1850 Table Mesa Drive ,
Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 3034971610, Fax: 3034971695, email:
schimel@ucar.edu, and Chistopher Still, University of California,
Santa Barbara, , Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA, Tel: 8058933663, Fax:
8058933146, email: still@icess.ucsb.edu
B04 An Ecohydrological Perspective on Woody
Plant Encroachment in Semiarid Regions
Woody plant encroachment into semiarid and arid systems landscapes is a
global phenomenon with important hydrological and biogeochemical
consequences. Shrub/tree encroachment is often associated with ecosystem
degradation: declines in biodiversity and socioeconomic value, as well
as increased erosion. Numerous studies have examined independently the
consequences of woody plant encroachment on the hydrological cycle and,
recently, on the carbon cycle, but often the links between these cycles
have been missed. For this session we encourage abstracts with results
that examine the ecohydrological implications of woody plant
encroachment/increase in dryland ecosystems (e.g., grasslands,
savannahs, shrublands, riparian) at the plot to watershed scale. Some
relevant questions might be the following: What are the changes in the
water balance as a result of woody plant encroachment (WPE), and how
might these changes alter biogeochemical cycling? How does WPE change
evapotranspiration pathways? Does WPE result in increased biomass, and
how might this alter soil nutrient cycling and trace gases? Do
deeper-rooted trees/shrubs access additional sources of moisture? We
hope that these studies will bridge disciplinary understanding by
examining the linkages between hydrology and ecology.
Conveners: Russell L. Scott, USDA Agricultural Research Service,
2000 E. Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA, Tel: 520.670.6380, Fax:
520.670.5550, email: rscott@tucson.ars.ag.gov, and Bradford P Wilcox,
Dept. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 225 Animal Industries Building
2126 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2126 USA, Tel: 979-458-1899, Fax:
979-845-6430, email: bwilcox@tamu.edu, and David Breshears, Env
Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory MS J-495, Los Alamos, NM
87545 USA, Tel: 505/665-2803, Fax: 505/665-3866, email: daveb@lanl.gov
B05 Biogeochemistry and Detection of Reduced
Sulfur Species in Oxic Environments
As methods for detection become more advanced, researchers have begun
to discover evidence of a number of reduced sulfur (RS) compounds in
oxygenated waters. Even when found at subnanomolar concentrations, the
importance of RS compounds to metal speciation, primarily for soft
(B-type) metals, cannot be underestimated. Despite the importance of
metal-RS complexation, there has been almost no data published
describing the characteristics of these complexes in natural aquatic
systems. In the absence of such data, traditional methods of calculating
trace metal speciation miss a potentially strong class of
metal-complexing species, and therefore may overestimate the importance
of other available ligands such as natural organic matter. This session
will focus on the biogeochemistry, metal complexation characteristics,
and detection of reduced sulfur species in oxygenated freshwaters,
estuaries, and marine systems.
Conveners: Steven Mylon, Yale University: Environment School,
Environmental Science Center PO Box 208105 , New Haven, CT 06520 USA,
Tel: 203 432 9229, Fax: 203 432 5023, email: steven.mylon@yale.edu, and
Gaboury Benoit, Yale University: Environment School, Environmental
Science Center PO Box 208105 , New Haven, CT 06520 USA, Tel: 203 432
5139, Fax: 203 432 5023, email: gaboury.benoit@yale.edu, and Benjamin
Twining, Yale University: Environment School, Environmental Science
Center PO Box 208105, New Haven, CT 06511 USA, Tel: 203-432-7407, Fax:
203-432-5023, email: btwining@ic.sunysb.edu
B06 The Utilization of Compound Specific
Analysis in Biogeochemistry
This session will examine the use of compound specific analysis in
biogeochemistry. The focus will be on how chemical characteristics
(e.g., isotopic composition, chirality, and sequence information) of
specific biologically formed macromolecules (e.g., amino acids, lipids,
and nucleotides) are (1) being resolved in the laboratory and (2)
consequently exploited to provide a range of unique biogeochemical and
ecological insights.
Conveners: James Henry Scott, Carnegie Institution of
Washington, 5251 Broad Branch RD, NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA, Tel:
2024788908, Fax: 2024788901, email: j.scott@gl.ciw.edu
B07 The Effects of Forest Disturbance on
Watershed Processes: Hydrology, Soils, Biota, and Water Chemistry
Forest disturbance can cause changes in soil nutrient cycling,
hydrological processes, forest type, and water chemistry. Some of these
changes can adversely affect watershed biota. Forest disturbance can be
caused by natural forces such as insect infestation, landslides, fire,
large storms, and volcanic activity or by human activity such as
logging, suburbanization, clearing for agriculture, and global change.
Different types of forest disturbance can sometimes result in a similar
watershed response. Natural forest disturbance has typically been
studied in relation to its effects on plant ecology, while hydrological
and biogeochemical watershed-scale investigations have frequently
focused on the effects of forest harvesting. This session seeks to
bring together researchers from around the world who are examining the
effects of forest disturbance. We would like to provide a forum to
compare the effects from different types of forest disturbance in many
environments in the hope that some common responses can be identified.
We encourage studies that examine the effect of natural (including
long-term global change) or anthropogenic forest disturbance on
watershed soil and water chemistry, hydrology, and/or the influence of
those effects on watershed biota. Studies that incorporate new methods
for examining forest disturbance are also encouraged.
Conveners: Michael R. McHale, U.S. Geological Survey, 425 Jordan
Road, Troy, NY 12180 USA, Tel: 518-285-5675, Fax: 518-285-5601, email:
mmchale@usgs.gov, and Nobuhito Ohte, Kyoto University, , Kyoto,
606-8502 JPN, Tel: 650-329-4649, Fax: 650-329-5590, email:
nobuohte@usgs.gov
B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
The ability to produce biogenic minerals is an invention common to
nearly all kingdoms of life. Organisms can construct single crystals or
composite assemblages of mineral grains in sizes ranging from nanometers
to meters, often with finely controlled shapes that serve specific
functions and sometimes under conditions of metastability. Despite our
long-standing knowledge that biomineralization is a fascinating
phenomenon with implications for geochemical cycling and evolutionary
forces, we have only recently made rapid progress in observing and
understanding in detail the mechanisms that make such impressive and
exquisite mineralization possible. Because of advances in
nanotechnology, molecular biology, and geochemistry, scientists across
many disciplines are now discovering and quantifying the factors that
control nucleation, concentration of constituent ions, regulation of
growth, chemical composition, and shaping of complex morphologies. We
encourage abstracts that address processes and mechanisms of
biomineralization, including, for example, the roles of organic
molecules in generating crystalline materials, the properties and
origins of mixed organic-inorganic materials, physical and chemical
controls on mineral growth and composition, and signatures for
unambiguously recognizing minerals of biological origin.
Conveners: Patricia Dove, Virginia Tech, Department of
Geological Sciences 4044 Derring Hall Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA
24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2444, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: dove@vt.edu, and
Laura Wasylenki, Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences
4044 Derring Hall Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel:
540.231.2403, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: lew@vt.edu, and Steve Weiner,
Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science P.O.
Box 26 , Rehovot, 76100 ISR, Tel: 972-8-9342552, Fax: 972-8-9344136,
email: steve.weiner@weizmann.ac.il
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth
Environments
For much of Earth history, organisms and their environments have been
inextricably linked in profound and complex ways that have influenced
the evolutionary courses of both on many scales. For example, organisms
that fix CO^2 from the atmosphere or oceans play a key role in global
carbon cycling and climate fluctuations. At the same time, organisms
respond to environmental changes through population shifts and
biological evolution. The sophisticated intricacies of the
relationships between biota and environment have proven difficult to
decipher, but with new technologies and methodology from molecular
biology, paleontology, geochemistry, and materials science, among
others, we are on the brink of solving some of the most important and
fascinating problems in Earth science. This session will explore
interactions between organisms that produce minerals as part of their
life cycles and their environments. We seek abstracts concerning any
aspect of the intertwined roles of biomineralization and environment,
such as global carbon balance, geochemical signals from the fossil
record that constrain the nature of past environments, and specific
changes in biomineralization processes induced by physical or chemical
changes in the growth environment. Submissions that cross disciplinary
boundaries are welcome.
Conveners: Laura Wasylenki, Virginia Tech, Department of
Geological Sciences 4044 Derring Hall Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2403, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: lew@vt.edu, and
Patricia Dove, Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences 4044
Derring Hall Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2444,
Fax: 540.231.3386, email: dove@vt.edu, and Philippe van Cappellen,
Utrecht University, Department of Geochemistry Faculty of Earth
Sciences Utrecht University P.O. Box 80021, Utrecht, 3508 TA NLD, Tel:
31-30-253-6220, Fax: 31-30-253-5302, email: pvc@geo.uu.nl
B10 Molecular Biogeochemical Processes of
Terrestrial Environments
The proposed session will bring together experts working on
biogeochemistry of terrestrial environments to discuss the speciation,
distribution, and transport of nutrients and environmental contaminants.
We encourage abstracts on spectroscopic and microscopic studies, as well
as new modeling approaches that aim to elucidate (physico)chemical
processes that result from interactions between microorganisms or
microbial metabolites/exudates and mineral surfaces. Topics of interest
include the effects of biological catalysis on dissolution,
precipitation, sorption, or redox processes that are critical to trace
metal cycling, mineral weathering, and crystal growth. Conveners also
welcome contributions devoted to how surface chemical phenomena at the
nanoscale (reactions at colloidal interfaces, agglomeration of colloidal
material in natural waters, etc.) influence chemical fate and transport
in natural and contaminated porous media, with implications for
nutrient cycling, pump and treat, in situ bioremediation, and natural
attenuation.
Conveners: Javiera Cervini-Silva, University of California at
Berkeley, Department of Earth and Planetary Science 151 Hilgard Hall
#3110, Berkeley, CA 94605 USA, Tel: (510) 642-9690, Fax: (510) 643-5098,
email: javiera@eps.berkeley.edu, and Jon Chorover, University of
Arizona, Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science Shantz
429, Building #38 , Tucson, AZ 85721-0038 USA, Tel: (520) 626-5635,
Fax: (520) 621-1647, email: Chorover@cals.arizona.edu
B11 Environmental Assessment From the Width,
Anatomy, and Chemical Composition of Tree Rings
Trees that form annual rings permit an exact year to be assigned to
each ring. The width and anatomy of rings are in part determined by
environmental factors, and thus trees often are "recorders" of events
and processes when historical records are incomplete or lacking.
Tree-growth responses sometimes can be used to determine the frequency
and magnitude of flooding, glaciation, mass wasting, saline intrusion,
earthquakes, and volcanism. Progress in the chemical analysis of stem
wood (dendrochemistry), including the determination of the
concentrations of nutrients, trace metals, stable isotopes, and organic
contaminants, offers the possibility of examining historical changes in
environmental quality and may provide a tool for monitoring ecosystem
health. Significant advances in dendrochemistry have been made over the
past few decades. However, uncertainties remain in terms of analytical
techniques, quality assurance, and interpretation of elemental/chemical
signatures revealed in tree rings. More recent strides in analytical
instrumentation have lowered detection limits and allowed for the
analysis of multiple elements, stable isotopes, and organic contaminants
in stem wood tissue at finer spatial resolution, and hence finer
temporal resolution. Dendrochemical analysis is being applied to the
fields hydrology, geochemical cycling, ecological risk assessments, and
other environmental studies. This session will present some of the
latest applications of dendrochronology and dendrochemistry to
environmental assessment.
Conveners: Timothy E. Lewis, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, ORD, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Mailcode
B-243-01, RTP, NC 27711 USA, Tel: 919-541-0673, Fax: 919-541-1818,
email: lewis.timothy@epa.gov, and Tommy Yanosky, USGS, 12201 Sunrise
Valley Drive , Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703-648-5206, email:
tyanosky@usgs.gov
B12 From Mantle to Microbe: Ridge2000 Research
and Progress
The Ridge2000 (R2K) program targets an understanding of the linkages
between the processes of planetary renewal and the origin and evolution
of life in the absence of sunlight at the world's deep-sea spreading
centers. Ridge2000 activities can be broadly divided into two
overlapping groups: multidisciplinary integrated studies focused within
a few select "type" areas, and time critical studies focused in the NE
Pacific that are designed to enhance detection of volcanic and tectonic
events at spreading centers and facilitate rapid-response missions to
observe these transient events as they occur. The sites chosen for
multidisciplinary integrated studies include the Endeavour segment of
the Juan de Fuca Ridge, the East Pacific Rise 8°-11°N, and the
Lau Basin. Although research funded by the R2K program has just begun,
there is a significant body of ongoing work within these study sites
that bears directly on the broader research objectives of the R2K
program. This session will highlight recent research at the Endeavour,
EPR, and Lau Basin integrated study sites as well as work related to the
time critical studies component and other objectives of the R2K program.
We encourage abstracts from the broad range of geophysical,
geochemical, hydrological, and biological studies currently ongoing at
these sites. Research which explores and illuminates linkages between
different components of the integrated biological-geological system is
of particular interest.
Conveners: Charles Fisher, Pennsylvania State University,
Dept. of Biology 208 Mueller Laboratory Penn State , State College, PA
16802 USA, Tel: 814 865-3365, Fax: 814 865-9131, email: cfisher@psu.edu,
and Deborah K Smith, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS 22, Woods
Hole, MA 02540 USA, Tel: 508 289-2472, Fax: 508 457-2187, email:
dsmith@whoi.edu
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes,
Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
From the depths of Earth's oceans to the surface of Mars, a wide
variety of analytical techniques are being used to probe mineral-microbe
interactions on microscales and macroscales. Microorganisms play an
important role in a wide range of geological processes. They may
directly affect geological formations and processes through
enzyme-based or respiration-based processes. Microbiota may also
indirectly affect geological processes by altering the chemical
conditions of the environment or by serving as heterogeneous nucleation
sites for mineral precipitation. For some geological systems, the roles
played by microorganisms remain equivocal; therefore it is important to
understand the various techniques available to study the complex
interactions of microbes with minerals as they occur on various
geological scales. The goal of this session is to provide a forum to
discuss not only widely used, but also newly developing methodologies
for gaining insight into the complex interactions of microbes with
minerals. We wish to highlight techniques ranging from the use of
synchrotron sources at the microscopic scale to remote spectral imaging
at the field scale. Additionally, we encourage submissions that include
discussions of the promises and pitfalls of the various methods for
investigating microbe-mineral interactions. The presentations will give
microbiologists and geologists an opportunity to become familiar with
the diverse array of instrumentation and methodologies that are
available to answer complex biogeoscience questions.
Conveners: Daphne Stoner, Biotechnology Department, Idaho
National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, 2525 N. Fremont Ave.,
P. O. Box 1625, MS 2203, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2203 USA, Tel: (208)
526-8786, Fax: (208) 526-0828, email: dstoner@inel.gov, and Jill R
Scott, Chemistry Department, Idaho National Engineering and
Environmental Laboratory, 2525 N. Fremont Ave., P. O. Box 1625, MS 2208
, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2208 USA, Tel: (208) 526-0429, Fax: (208)
526-8541, email: scotjr@inel.gov
B14 Estimating Terrestrial Carbon, Water, and
Energy Fluxes From Site to Region
The focus of this session will be on innovative approaches to
quantifying mass and energy plant-atmosphere exchange from site to
region in the context of understanding the global carbon cycle. A broad
question to be addressed within this theme is, How have measurements
improved our models, and what have our models taught us about the
processes we measure? We encourage submissions utilizing inventive
modelling and measurement approaches. For example, these may include
data assimilation, multiple constraints, inverse analyses, neural
networks, cross-scale and interdisciplinary investigations, and
application of high-resolution multilayer canopy models. Especially
encouraged are reports of studies coupling various biogeochemical
components (e.g., water, carbon, nitrogen, isotopes), biological,
pedological, and atmospheric processes and feedbacks, combining or
comparing different kinds of measurements including eddy covariance
fluxes, plant physiological parameters, biometry, soil properties and
composition, atmospheric concentrations at various scales, and satellite
or airborne remote sensing data and derived products.
Conveners: Julie Styles, Oregon State University, Department
of Forest Science 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel:
541-737-9293, Fax: 541-737-1393, email: julie.styles@oregonstate.edu,
and Matthias Falk, University of California, Berkeley, ESPM 105
Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-642-9048, Fax:
510-643-5098, email: mfalk@nature.berkeley.edu, and Bev Law, Oregon
State University, Department of Forest Science 328 Richardson Hall,
Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 541-737-6111, Fax: 541-737-1393, email:
bev.law@oregonstate.edu, and Dennis Baldocchi, University of
California, Berkeley, Ecosystem Science Division, ESPM 151 Hilgard Hall,
Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-642-2874, Fax: 510-643-5098, email:
baldocchi@nature.berkeley.edu
B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic
Composition of the Atmosphere
This session will explore the physiological, ecological, and microbial
processes that influence the isotopic composition of CO^2, water vapor,
and other atmospheric trace gases. Relevant topics include, but are not
limited to, the isotopic composition of aboveground and belowground
organic matter, fractionation effects in the synthesis of organic
compounds and respiration, and measured or modeled estimates of
photosynthetic and ecosystem discrimination at the ecosystem, regional,
or global scale. Abstracts on the application of isotopic methods to
investigations of ecosystem physiology, such as partitioning ecosystem
fluxes into their component parts, are also encouraged.
Conveners: Diane Pataki, Dept. of Biology, University of Utah,
257 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA, Tel: 801-581-3545,
Fax: 801-581-4665, email: pataki@biology.utah.edu, and James
Ehleringer, University of Utah, USA, email: ehleringer@biology.utah.edu
B16 Astrobiology as a Unifying Theme for Solar
System Exploration
Astrobiology is the multidisciplinary study of life in the universe.
Many of the current efforts in astrobiology are directed toward
understanding the origin and history of life on Earth while beginning
the exploration of possibly habitable environments in our solar system.
This session is designed to highlight the potential of life on the
planets and to explore some of the opportunities for astrobiology in
solar system exploration. In proposing this session, we take advantage
of several of the "focus groups" that have been formed under the
auspices of the NASA Astrobiology Institute to bring together experts
from many fields to address specific scientific problems or mission
opportunities in astrobiology. The session is intended to examine the
habitability of the planets in our solar system, to summarize our
expectations about life (past or present) on other planets in this early
stage of study, and to develop strategies and instruments to be used in
flight missions that will advance our understanding of life beyond the
Earth.
Conveners: David Morrison, NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA
Ames 240-1 , Mt View, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650 604 5094, Fax: 650 604
4251, email: david.morrison@nasa.gov, and Bruce Runnegar, University
of California, Los Angeles, 3845 Slichter Hall UCLA , Los Angeles, CA
90095-1567 USA, Tel: 310-206-1738, Fax: 310-206-3051, email:
runnegar@ucla.edu
B17 Carbon Cycling in Northern Soils and
Surface Waters
Vast quantities of organic carbon are preserved in northern latitude
soils due to cold climate. Documented increases in temperature and
growing season in northern latitudes create the potential for the
release of this stored carbon to the atmosphere and hydrosphere and for
change in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon across northern
landscapes. This session will focus on the cycling of carbon in northern
latitude soils, wetlands, and surface waters, and on the
terrestrial-aquatic linkages that control the flux of carbon across the
landscape. Our goal is to provide a forum that will bring together both
applied and basic research on terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycling and
to foster communication among these groups in the interest of improving
understanding of the complex nature of the carbon cycle in northern
latitudes under a changing climate.
Conveners: Jon J Carrasco, USGS, MS 980 Denver Federal Center,
Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303.236.7808, Fax: 303.236.5349, email:
jcarrasco@usgs.gov, and Robert G Striegl, USGS, Box 25046 MS 413 Denver
Federal Center , Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303 236-4993, Fax: 303
236-5034, email: rstriegl@usgs.gov, and Kimberly P Wickland, USGS, 3215
Marine St., Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-541-3072, Fax:
303-447-2505, email: kpwick@usgs.gov
B18 Ecosystem Interactions With Land-Use Change
Human conversion and modification of ecosystems to produce food and
fiber, extract natural resources, and expand urban areas is one of the
key modes of global change. Land use change, while essential for
satisfying human needs, involves trade-offs with other ecosystem
services and functions such as watershed protection, biogeochemical
cycling, soil degradation, and habitats for other species. This session
will consider studies addressing various aspects of ecosystem responses
to land use change and the feedbacks to sustainable land use.
Presentations can address the responses and feedbacks of ecosystems at a
range of scales, from local to regional to global. The session will also
provide opportunities for researchers working on different aspects of
land use/land cover to share information on methodological approaches,
observational strategies, and feedbacks among ecosystem processes.
Conveners: Gregory P. Asner, Carnegie Institution, Stanford
University 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Tel: 650-325-1521,
Fax: 650-325-6857, email: gpa@stanford.edu, and Ruth DeFries,
University of Maryland, Department of Geography and Earth System
Science, College Park, MD 20742 USA, Tel: 301-314-9299, email:
rd63@umail.umd.edu
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators
of Ecosystem Change
Climate change, deterioration of air and water quality, and recent
changes in land use have threatened the health and function of many
ecosystems. These trends are likely to continue into the future.
Isotopes have proven to be a powerful tool for detecting changes in
ecosystem function over a variety of timescales. For example, isotopic
fluxes from ecosystems have been shown to vary in response to short-term
climate fluctuations within days, while isotopic records in tree rings,
ice cores, and lake sediments can indicate changes in ecosystem function
over decades to millennia. Isotopic shifts in carbon, oxygen,
nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, strontium, and iron each provide unique
indicators of biogeochemical processes at scales spanning from microbial
to regional, and are particularly powerful when used in combination.
For example, the ecosystem functions associated with carbon
accumulation and storage have received much attention recently because
of the Kyoto Protocol and the global need to reduce CO^2 accumulation
in the atmosphere. Isotopes are providing new and interesting insights
into the complexity of processes controlling carbon storage within
ecosystems, and how land use and land use change can alter these
processes. Further, isotopic tools can help elucidate recent and
historic ecosystem changes, and potentially can help separate natural
variance from anthropogenic effects. This session will focus on
isotopic indicators of ecosystem processes with particular emphasis on
ecosystem change and stability. We especially encourage submissions
that highlight the use of multiple isotopes or multiple timescales to
understand ecosystem changes or ecosystem processes.
Conveners: J. Renee Brooks, U.S. EPA/NHEERL Western Ecology
Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333 USA, Tel: (541) 754-4684,
Fax: (541) 754-4799, email: Brooks.ReneeJ@epa.gov, and Elizabeth
Sulzman, Oregon State University, 3017 ALS Building Department of Crop
and Soil Science Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97331 USA,
Tel: (541) 737-8936, email: elizabeth.sulzman@oregonstate.edu
B20 Modeling Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles in
Natural and Contaminated Systems: Linking Hydrogeological,
Microbiological, and Geochemical Processes
This session will feature both conceptual and numerical models that
describe factors controlling biogeochemical cycling over time and space.
In aqueous environments, chemical fate and transport are controlled by
microbial growth and decay, organic and inorganic geochemical
reactions, and hydrologic processes including fluid flow and
sorption/desorption reactions. These processes can be described in
terms of thermodynamic and kinetic arguments. Recent advances in
computational power and the availability of codes capable of simulating
mixed kinetic-thermodynamic reaction systems provide an unprecedented
opportunity for development of quantitative descriptions of coupled
hydrobiogeochemical systems. This session will provide a venue for
presentation of kinetic/thermodynamic models of in situ and laboratory
"batch" studies and new applications of conceptual biogeochemical models
to understand a variety of environmental processes. Topics will
include (but are not limited to) organic contaminant and trace element
cycling; chemical diagenesis and contaminant transformations in aquatic
sediments; mineral precipitation-dissolution reactions; and redox
reactions in surface/subsurface aqueous environments.
Conveners: Jennifer Therese McGuire, Texas A&M University,
Department of Geology & Geophysics 3115 TAMU , College Station, TX
77843-3115 USA, Tel: 979-845-4520, Fax: 979-845-6162, email:
mcguire@geo.tamu.edu, and Eric Roden, The University of Alabama,
Department of Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0206 USA, email:
eroden@bsc.as.ua.edu
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other
Biogeochemical Cycles
The growing interest in recent years in biogeochemical cycles,
including those of the four life-essential elements (carbon, nitrogen,
phosphorous, and sulfur), has generated a number of research programs,
funding initiatives, and curricular foci, nationally and
internationally. While there has been a great deal of activity and
development of the ecological and general biological aspects of these
biogeochemical cycles, the geologic aspects have been explored to a
lesser extent. This session is designed to help close that gap by
focusing on geologic aspects specifically. These include, but are not
limited, to geologic processes involved in biogeochemical cycles, their
geological environment, and geologic proxies and modeling with which to
document past biogeochemical conditions and processes. Abstracts are
solicited from the broadest geologic community so that the session will
span the range of disciplines relevant to the geologic aspects of
biogeochemical cycles, and will bring together those engaged in
observational and theoretical studies.
Conveners: Enriqueta Barrera, National Science Foundation,
USA, email: ebarrera@nsf.gov, and Dork Sahagian, University of New
Hampshire, USA, email: dork.sahagian@unh.edu
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in
North America
This session will focus on the role of human activity in the carbon
cycle over North America. Study of the carbon cycle has emphasized the
exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, ocean, and land reservoirs by
natural processes. Yet it is human activity that is altering the carbon
cycle to the point where shifts in local weather patterns and even
global climate change are becoming a concern. The carbon cycle of the
21st century will be dominated by human influences, although natural
feedbacks remain a significant concern. Land use change, energy
consumption patterns, development, and population growth have all played
significant roles in altering the carbon cycle. As society attempts to
manage the carbon cycle in the future, it will become increasingly
important to understand these human drivers, both to understand the
future patterns of carbon in the Earth system and to understand
possible deliberate strategies to mitigate future atmospheric carbon
dioxide growth. This session will consider papers on how human
activity has altered the carbon cycle over time in the North American
region and how human drivers might be expected to change in the future.
Abstracts are encouraged that link research on human activities such as
land use change, development, or energy use patterns to the spatial or
temporal distribution of carbon in the Earth system, as well as studies
of deliberate management of the carbon system, such as carbon
sequestration, carbon trading, or the role of energy decarbonization.
Empirical, theoretical, case study, and modeling research are all
encouraged.
Conveners: Lisa Dilling, ESIG/NCAR, 3450 Mitchell Lane,
Boulder, CO 80301 USA, Tel: 303-497-2885, Fax: 303-497-8125, email:
ldilling@ucar.edu, and Gregg Marland, Env. Sciences Div./Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, , Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6335 USA, Tel: 865-241-4850,
Fax: 865-574-2232, email: gum@ornl.gov
B23 Very High Resolution Land Cover Mapping
Applications to Resource Management
With the advent of very high resolution satellite imagery (IKONOS,
QUICKBIRD) it is now possible to achieve mapping accuracies from space
that are comparable, in many cases, to aerial photographic
interpretation. This allows for a range of land cover and land use
mapping and monitoring applications over large areas in support of
decision making for resource management. For example, maps of tree
cover and built surfaces can be used to target restoration or mitigation
activities to protect stream water quality. A very wide range of other
applications are possible, building on work that has traditionally been
done with aerial photographs. The use of very high resolution imagery
brings with it, however, a number of issues that must be properly
addressed, such that assessments of land use change and effectiveness of
land use planning are based on accurate and repeatable methodologies.
These new data sets also require addressing a series of technical
issues related to radiometric measurements of mixtures of scene
elements, shadowing between components, and the like. We encourage
abstracts that examine the range of research and applications of
high-resolution imagery, with particular emphasis on assessments of the
capabilities as well as constraints and limitations of the data sets
and mapping technologies. Relevant abstracts might address
interpretation and quantification of imagery in urbanizing areas,
studies aimed at determining the effectiveness of land use planning, and
projects focused on management of land and water resources.
Conveners: Scott J Goetz, Woods Hole Research Center, P.O. Box
296, Woods Hole, MA 02543-0296 USA, Tel: 508-548-9375, Fax:
508-540-9700, email: sgoetz@whrc.org, and Tom Stone, Woods Hole
Research Center, P.O. Box 296, Woods Hole, MA 02543-0296 USA, Tel:
508-540-9900, Fax: 508-540-9700, email: tstone@whrc.org
B24 Validation and Application of Land Surface
Products From the MODIS Sensor
With more than three years of data available from the MODIS sensor,
there has been progress in both the validation and application of the
various global land products including land cover, forest cover, land
surface temperature, snow and ice cover, spectral vegetation indices,
leaf area index, fPAR, gross primary production, net primary production,
and fire detection. Validation activities are continuing at multiple
scales from field measurement campaigns and measurements at eddy
covariance towers to regional and global comparisons with other
satellite sensors and models. The session will focus on not only those
products which may be considered validated, but also those which are
still being tested, in which case problems and potential solutions will
be discussed. We encourage also the submission of abstracts presenting
the application of these products for improved understanding of
biospheric processes. Applications which integrate multiple MODIS land
products or various remote sensing techniques are particularly welcome.
Conveners: Faith Ann Heinsch, University of Montana, Numerical
Terradynamic Simulation Group School of Forestry 32 Campus Drive,
Missoula, MT 59812 USA, Tel: 406-243-6218, Fax: 406-243-4510, email:
faithann@ntsg.umt.edu, and Steven W Running, University of Montana,
Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group School of Forestry 32 Campus
Drive, Missoula, MT 59802 USA, Tel: 406-243-6311, Fax: 406-243-4510,
email: swr@ntsg.umt.edu, and Jeff Privette, NASA/Goddard Space Flight
Center, MODIS Land Team Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel:
301-614-6630, Fax: 301-614-6695, email: jeff.privette@nasa.gov
B25 Aqueous Microbial Geochemistry
Links between aqueous geochemical processes and microbial metabolic
activity, reaction mechanisms, and/or energetics are the focus of this
session. Field, laboratory, and theoretical investigations are welcomed.
Suggested topics include any aspect of the microbial geochemical
linkages involved in processes such as biomineralization, metals
cycling, mineral dissolution, contaminant sequestration or
mobilization, fossilization, diagenesis, organic compound
transformation, and weathering. Abstracts reflecting a combined
multidisciplinary approach, e.g., molecular geomicrobiology,
biomolecular geochemistry, microbial ecology, and surface
biogeochemistry, are particularly encouraged.
Conveners: Everett Shock , Dept. of Geological Sciences,
Arizona State University, USA, email: eshock@asu.edu, and Lesley A
Warren, School of Geography & Geology, McMaster University, GSB 309,
1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 CAN, Tel: 905 525 9140 x
27347, Fax: 905 546 0463, email: warrenl@mcmaster.ca
B26 Land Use Impacts on Trace Gas Exchanges:
BATREX Contribution to New Global Change Science Agenda
In recent years significant changes in the way land areas are used have
occurred, affecting biogeochemical cycles, especially trace gas fluxes.
These changes, conversion of forests to other uses, conversion of
agricultural lands to urban development, conversion of range lands to
crop lands, and conversion from one type of agricultural system to
another, have a significant impact on human society through changes in
air quality, water quality, and food production. In addition, farming
practices are changing, which affect societal as well as a variety of
environmental concerns. One such concern is related to changes in
agricultural field management and the impact on atmospheric trace gas
concentrations. Water management in rice production can directly impact
both methane (CH^4) and nitrous oxide (N^2O) fluxes, and changes from
animal waste based fertilization practices to synthetic fertilization
can greatly influence N^2O, NH^3, and NO^x emissions. In this proposal
we combine the aspects of land management and land use into one "land
use" term for simplicity's sake, but keep in mind that both types of
change need to be addressed. This session will present abstracts
dealing with land use management changes on trace gas fluxes and
highlight research needed for defining a research agenda for
understanding global environmental change.
Conveners: Arvin Mosier, USDA-ARS, , Fort Collins, CO USA,
email: amosier@lamar.colostate.edu, and Dennis Ojima, CSU-NREL, ,
Fort Collins, CO USA, email: dennis@nrel.colostate.edu
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition
on Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
Aeolian processes (wind erosion, dust emission, particle transport, and
deposition) are basic elements of the Earth system with local, regional,
and global impacts. For example, dust emission affects ecosystems by
removing nutrients and changing soil surface texture as well as through
other mechanisms. Dust deposition can provide an important long-term
source of nutrients to ecosystems but also introduce pathogens. The
purpose of this session is to explore the various roles of dust emission
and deposition in biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial and aquatic
environments. Potential topics include (1) the impact of desert dust
inputs on ocean cycles of Fe and P, (2) the consequences of dust-borne
pathogens on human and ecosystem health, (3) the impact of wind erosion
and dust emission on nutrient cycling in deserts, (4) the impact of
dust deposition on soil formation processes, (5) the impact of dust
deposition on the maintenance of long-term ecosystem productivity, (6)
the importance of dust relative to other atmospheric gain/loss pathways
(i.e., fire), and (7) linking ecosystem modeling with physical
transport by wind.
Conveners: Gregory S Okin, University of Virginia, Dept. of
Environmental Sciences 921 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123
USA, Tel: 434 924-3324, Fax: 434 924-3324, email: okin@virginia.edu, and
Natalie Mahowald, National Center for Atmospheric Research, ,
Boulder, CO USA, Tel: 303-497-1719, email: mahowald@ucar.edu
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions,
Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
Biogenic and anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr) are
transported and chemically transformed in the atmosphere and deposited
on terrestrial ecosystems, and alter the structure and function of those
systems. Estimating atmospheric N exchange, including emissions and
deposition, and evaluating ecosystem responses require a diverse array
of measurements and models that link the processes at multiple scales.
We seek abstracts on physical, chemical, biological, and anthropogenic
processes that drive local, regional, and global nitrogen exchange,
resultant impacts on terrestrial ecosystem structure, function, carbon
uptake, nitrogen export, and biodiversity, the ultimate fate of
deposited Nr, and policy implications and responses.
Conveners: Stuart B. Weiss, Creekside Center for Earth
Observations, 27 Bishop Lane, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: (650)
854-9732, email: stubweiss@netscape.net, and Elisabeth Holland,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive,
Boulder, CO 80305-3000 USA, Tel: 303-497-1433, Fax: 303-497-1477, email:
eholland@ucar.edu
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With
Flux Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
With the advent of FluxNet we now have continuous sampling of
biosphere-atmosphere flux at many discrete points, but with limited
spatial coverage. Remote sensing provides spatially extensive
information regarding ecosystem states, but may not be continuous in
time. The contrasting temporal and spatial domains of these two
complementary methods present formidable challenges when trying to gain
an integrated understanding of Earth system processes. This session
will examine emerging efforts to integrate remote sensing with flux
sampling to provide an improved understanding of ecosystem function. A
particular focus will be on SpecNet (Spectral Network), which is
designed to explore the challenges of integrating disparate temporal and
spatial data sets.
Conveners: John A Gamon, California State University, Los
Angeles, Department of Biological Sciences 5151 State University Drive ,
Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA, Tel: 323-343-2066, Fax: 323-343-6451, email:
jgamon@calstatela.edu, and Abdullah Faiz Rahman, Ball State University,
Department of Geography CL425, Ball State University , Muncie, IN 47306
USA, Tel: 765-285-1172, Fax: 765-285-2351, email: faiz@bsu.edu
Biogeosciences also presents jointly with the following
Special Sessions:
H22 Environmental Vadose Zone Hydrology (POSTER)
H28 Observations and Modeling of Land Surface
Hydrological Processes
A02 Biogenic Reactive Trace Compounds and Their Role in
Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
A03 Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Critical Estuary
Habitats: The Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE)
A10 Effects of Biomass Burning Plumes on the Troposphere
and Stratosphere
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of
Atmospheric Gases
H41 The Effects of Best Management Practices on Water
Quality, Runoff Processes, and Sediment Transport
H06 Natural Attenuation at the Fringe: Reactive Zones in
Biodegrading Groundwater Pollution Plumes (POSTER)
H24 Assessing the Impacts of Vegetation on the Water
Balance
H26 Variable Saturation Zones: Landscape Attributes and
Sustainability of Watershed Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological
Functions
H30 Ecohydrological and Geochemical Processes at the
Hillslope and Watershed Scales
H36 Water Quality of Hydrologic Systems (POSTER)
H39 Nitrogen Sources and Cycling in Aquatic Systems
H40 Environmental Impacts of Coal-Bed Methane Development
H32 Catchment Processes in the Tropics
OS04 Late Pleistocene and Holocene Paleoceanographic
Variability Along the Pacific Margin of North America
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas
Hydrate From Around the Globe
OS08 Geological and Biogeochemical Processes in a Wet
Tropical Setting: New Guinea, Source to Sink
P02 Life in the Martian Regolith, Present and Past
PP08 Old World Social Responses to Holocene Abrupt
Climate Change Events
PP09 Effects of Sediment Dynamics on Marine Paleorecords
T13 Drilling at the Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O)
V06 Volcanic Emissions to the Troposphere: Fluxes,
Feedbacks, Impacts
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite
(ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive,
Translator, and Facilitator
C03 Planetary Permafrost
C05 Snow Cover and Biogeochemical Cycling
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and
Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
H37 Designing a Network of Hydrologic Observatories
(INVITED ONLY)
H34 Use of Remotely Sensed Boundary Conditions in Land
Surface Modeling
PP06 Paleoproductivity, Proxies, and Preservation:
Records of Neogene Evolution of the Oceans
NG04 Fractals, Chaos, and SOC in Natural and
Human-Induced Hazards
OS10 Recent Advances in Understanding Submarine
Environments and the Future of Submergence Research and Facilities
Geodesy
G00 General Geodesy Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Geodesy may be submitted to this
session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the
approved, preorganized Geodesy sessions. General contributions will be
reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on
the content of the abstracts received. Geodesy is concerned with the
study and measurement of the external shape of the Earth and its gravity
field, including its temporal variations; crustal motion, loading and
deformation; Earth rotation; the tidal and rotational motion and
deformation of the Earth; the establishment and maintenance of a stable
terrestrial reference frame; the dynamics of the Earth including its
core and mantle; the construction of and internal dynamics of the Earth;
and the flux and exchange of mass and momentum between and within the
solid Earth, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere and the atmosphere.
Geodetic measurements are crucial to the study of climate change,
including the advance and retreat of ice sheets and glaciers, sea level
rise, and charting the motion of the Earth's crust through time.
Abstracts in these disciplines that do not necessarily fit into the
approved sessions are welcome.
Conveners: Jeffrey T. Freymueller, University of Alaska,
Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute PO Box 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320
USA, Tel: 907-474-7286, Fax: 907-474-7290, email: jeff@giseis.alaska.edu
G01 Advanced Tropospheric Sensing Methods and
Accuracy of Tropospheric Information Determined by Space Geodetic
Techniques
We are soliciting abstracts describing advances in tropospheric sensing
methods (i.e., the neutral part of the atmosphere) with space geodetic
techniques such as GPS, VLBI, WVR, and InSAR. The potential for
tropospheric sensing with these techniques has improved considerably
over the last few years as a result of technological advances and
algorithmic developments. Abstracts are also sought on the accuracy of
tropospheric information based on these techniques. We are now at an
exciting threshold at which accurate tropospheric estimates and
retrievals from these techniques may significantly improve our
understanding of the physical and dynamic behavior of weather and
climate at various scales. The markedly different spatial and temporal
capabilities for sensing the troposphere of the different space-geodetic
methods also pose great challenges to tropospheric validation studies.
Theoretical studies that assess the requirements for the accuracy of
tropospheric information are also encouraged.
Conveners: Pedro Elosegui, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics, USA, email: pelosegui@cfa.harvard.edu, and Yoaz
Bar-Sever, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA, email:
Yoaz.Bar-Sever@jpl.nasa.gov, and Harald Schuh, Vienna University of
Technology, AUT, email: hschuh@luna.tuwien.ac.at
G02 Satellite Measurements of Temporal Gravity
Variations
There have been important new developments in the use of satellite data
to measure temporal variations of the Earth's gravitational field.
Satellite laser ranging has been used to detect a large interannual
change in the Earth's oblateness. Modeling results and in situ
measurements are being employed to better understand these observed
variations. Importantly, GRACE observations of time variations will be
acquired during the Cal/Val phase in 2003. The CHAMP satellite, launched
in 2000, has now reached the level of developing a multiyear series of
time variations in the low-degree gravity coefficients. In addition, new
satellite missions are being developed to measure temporal gravity
variations to even greater accuracy. This session seeks contributions on
all aspects of satellite measurements of temporal gravity variations:
data analysis, geophysical interpretation, modeling results, and
contributions on new and future missions.
Conveners: Michael M. Watkins, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800
Oak Grove Drive M/S: 301-125L , Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 USA, Tel: 818
354-7514, Fax: 818 393-6388, email: michael.m.watkins@jpl.nasa.gov, and
R. Steven Nerem, University of Colorado, Colorado Center for
Astrodynamics Research UCB431, Boulder, CO 80309-0431 USA, Tel:
303-492-6721, Fax: 303-492-2825, email: nerem@colorado.edu
G03 High-Rate GPS: Infrastructure and
Applications
The number of continuous GPS sites that are being upgraded to high data
rates (1 Hz or more) from the traditional 30 s rate is growing. Often
many of these data sets are being made available with very low latency
(~1 s). This session solicits contributions on the development of
high-rate GPS infrastructure, at all spatial scales, and applications of
these data to a variety of geophysical problems, for example,
seismology, ionospheric studies, weather near-casting, and volcanology.
Contributions related to both real-time and retrospective
(postprocessing) applications are encouraged.
Conveners: Yehuda Bock, Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA, Tel: 8585345292, Fax:
8585349873, email: ybock@ucsd.edu, and Mark Caissy, NRCAN, CAN, email:
caissy@nrcan.gc.ca, and Georg Weber, BKG, DEU, email:
georg.weber@bkg.bund.de
G04 Geodesy of Terrestrial Planets
Geodesy experiments are part of many planetary missions. This session
will address geodesy of terrestrial planets and large satellites of
Jupiter and Saturn. Topics of interest include the shape and gravity
field, rotation and orientation variations, and tidal phenomena of these
solar system bodies. Geodetic measurements are of crucial importance for
a better understanding of the interior structure and dynamics of these
"planets" and also provide information on their atmospheres and
ionospheres. The session will cover results of new measurements as well
as descriptions and simulations of upcoming geodesy experiments.
Conveners: David E. Smith, Goddard Space Flight Center,
Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics Goddard Space Flight Center Code 920
, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, email: David.E.Smith@nasa.gov, and T. Van
Hoolst, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, Brussels, B-1180 BEL,
Tel: 32-2-3730668, Fax: 32-2-3749822, email: tim.vanhoolst@oma.be
G05 Before PBO: What Do We Know?
The Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) promises to revolutionize our
understanding of continental plate boundary deformation processes by
providing an unprecedented quantity of geodetic data, densely sampled in
both space and time. The PBO design is premised upon insights derived
from the culmination of decades of geodetic measurement and research
from a multitude of different projects conducted throughout the western
North American continent. What have we learned so far about the
kinematics and dynamics of continental plate boundary deformation
(tectonic processes, rheology of and forces acting upon the lithosphere,
transient deformations) from these past measurements? What advances
have we made in the science of high-precision tectonic geodesy? What
specifically do we hope to learn from new PBO instrumentation? This
session encourages contributions describing our present state of
understanding of continental deformation processes in western North
America, and the state of the art in crustal deformation measurement
and modeling techniques, particularly the primary methods proposed for
implementing PBO (e.g., continuous GPS, borehole or laser strain, and
survey-mode GPS), with an eye toward new first-order scientific
advances that we can expect to achieve with the PBO. The hope is that
by identifying and describing the present state of knowledge more
clearly, we may collectively make the most of PBO in terms of
observations and resulting science. For example, this review could
result directly in better informed decisions about the details of PBO
instrument deployment, so as to best address our many questions as we
go forward.
Conveners: Richard A. Bennett, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics, 60 Garden St, MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516 USA, Tel:
617-495-7453, Fax: 617-495-7345, email: rbennett@cfa.harvard.edu, and
Kenneth W. Hudnut, U.S. Geological Survey, 525 S. Wilson Ave., Pasadena,
CA 91106 USA, Tel: 626-583-7232, Fax: 626-583-7827, email:
hudnut@usgs.gov
G06 Core Dynamics: From Geomagnetism to Geodesy
The Earth's outer core is the largest fluid system in the Earth. It is
in vigorous convection in much of the history, driven by gravitational
energy in the secular cooling of the Earth. Apart from the essential
roles in generation of the core magnetic field (geodynamo), the core
convection affects and is affected by core-mantle interactions on
various time cales, from decades to millions of years. In particular,
the core-mantle interactions have important implications in geodetic,
geomagnetic, and geodynamo studies. An excellent example is the
variation of the Earth's rotation that can be measured by geodetic
observations. On the other hand, surface geomagnetic observations can be
used to derive core angular momentum variation. Comparison between the
two sets of observations not only identifies contributions of the core
to Earth's rotation variation, but also provides constraints on
core-mantle interactions. Recent results on time variable gravity at the
Earth's surface could also include information on core dynamics, as the
core convection results in large-scale mass redistribution in the core
and dynamic pressure loading on the CMB. The physics behind all these
processes can be best investigated via numerical geodynamo modeling.
Equally important, the observations can be used for better numerical
models. It is in the Earth’s core that geodesy, geomagnetism, and
geodynamo interlock with each other, and the consequences reach far
beyond the core and the core dynamics. In this session we propose to
discuss the large-scale dynamics of the Earth’s core through its
effects on surface geodynamic observables, e.g., Earth’s rotation,
time-variable gravity, and geomagnetic field.
Conveners: Weijia Kuang, Goddard Space Flight Center, NAS/NRC
Research Associate Space Geodesy Branch, Code 926 NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301)614-6108, Fax:
(301)614-6099, email: kuang@bowie.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Olivier de Viron,
Royal Observatory of Belgium, , Brussels, 1160 BEL, Tel: +32 2 373 03
12, Fax: +32 2 374 98 22, email: o.deviron@oma.be
G07 Geocenter: Reference Frame Definition and
Influence of Geophysical Fluids
There exists a center of the mass of the Earth system (including fluid
envelopes) often referred to as the geocenter. The motion of this point
around the Sun and the motions of satellites around this point are
determined by the laws of celestial mechanics. There is also an origin
for all terrestrial reference frames. As the accuracy of geodetic
systems improves and the questions being asked in the context of these
references frames, such as the average rate of sea level rise, become
more subtle, there is need to address the relationship between physical
quantities such as the center of mass and the conceptual notions of the
origin of a reference frame. On a rigid Earth, motion of the fluids will
change the position of the center of mass relative to, in this case, a
well-defined terrestrial origin. Tectonic and loading motions of surface
geodetic sites will further complicate the realization of the origin of
the terrestrial frame, thus leading to apparent center of mass position
changes. As we advance into increasingly higher precisions, this
geocenter motion, if not accounted for, induces ambiguities and
inconsistencies in all geodetic and altimetric measurements. This
session solicits abstracts addressing all fronts of the geocenter
issues, including observations, solutions and modeling of reference
frames, and geophysical interpretation and modeling of the causes in
terms of mass redistributions in the global geophysical fluids.
Conveners: Benjamin F Chao, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
Code 926, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-6104, Fax: 301-614-6099,
email: benjamin.f.chao@nasa.gov, and Thomas A Herring, MIT, Room
54-618, MIT 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Tel:
(617) 253-5941, Fax: (617) 253-1699, email: tah@mit.edu, and Ron
Noomen, Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering
Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft , Delft, NLD, Tel: 31-15-2785377, Fax:
31-15-2783444, email: ron.noomen@deos.tudelft.nl
G08 Use of Observations and Models of the
Atmosphere and Oceans in Geodesy and Geodynamics
With the aid of modern atmospheric and oceanic observations (both in
situ and remotely sensed), including their treatment in sophisticated
data assimilation schemes, and by the use of modeling, researchers have
gained new insights into the internal workings of the Earth's atmosphere
and oceans that previously were not possible. These data sets and tools
have also allowed those addressing problems in geodesy and geodynamics
to make great strides particularly in studying the dynamical and
mass-balance effects of these geophysical fluids on the Earth's
rotation, gravitational field, and surface loading. Such phenomena may
interact with the solid Earth on periods from under a day to
interannual and even climate timescales. The impact of these
geophysical fluids on Earth rotation, which assumes fluctuations with
timescales related to signatures of the atmosphere and ocean, has been
particularly evident. Contributions that examine these topics and the
use of atmospheric and oceanic data sets and models in addressing
geodetic and geodynamical problems are encouraged.
Conveners: Richard Gross, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mail Stop
238-332 4800 Oak Grove Drive , Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 USA, Tel:
818-354-4010, Fax: 818-393-6890, email: Richard.Gross@jpl.nasa.gov, and
David A Salstein, Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., 131
Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421-3126 USA, Tel: 781-761-2288, Fax:
781-761-2299, email: salstein@aer.com, and Thomas Johnson, U.S. Naval
Observatory, Earth Orientation Department 3450 Massachusetts Ave. NW,
Washington, DC 20392-5420 USA, Tel: 202-762-1518, Fax: 202-762-1563,
email: tj@CasA.usno.navy.mil
G09 Progress in Imaging and Understanding the
Surface Deformation Field Above Reservoirs
Withdrawal of fluids from subsurface reservoirs is known to produce
compaction of the host formations, and often subsidence at the surface.
Typically, subsidence may be induced through groundwater extraction,
exploitation of oil and gas fields, or hot water/hot steam geothermal
energy production. Techniques to image the surface deformation field
include leveling, tilt, differential synthetic aperture radar, and,
indirectly, gravity surveys. Inversion of the surface deformation field
provides useful information about the specific hydromechanical reservoir
conditions at depth, but a complete understanding is often missing. In
view of the remarkable progress that has been achieved on this topic in
recent years, both with observational and theoretical approaches, we
solicit contributions that cover all innovative aspects of imaging,
modeling, and inverting the surface deformation fields above reservoirs.
We also encourage case studies focusing on the transient nature of
induced subsidence or demonstrating both the potential and the
limitations of using the surface deformation field to assess relevant
reservoir parameters.
Conveners: Hans-Joachim Kuempel, Leibniz Institute for Applied
Geosciences (GGA), Stilleweg 2, Hannover, D-30655 DEU, Tel: +49 (0)511
643 3496, Fax: +49 (0)511 643 3665, email: kuempel@gga-hannover.de, and
Donald W. Vasco, Berkeley Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division/Building
90 University of California 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720 USA,
Tel: 510-486-5206, Fax: 510-486-5686, email: dwvasco@lbl.gov
G10 Signal Versus Noise in GPS Height Time
Series
Observed signals in GPS data are the sum of environmental noise,
electromagnetic signal distortion, and real crustal motions.
Interpretation of the data depends on our ability to extract a real
deformation from this total signal, i.e., what part of the signal is
really signal, and what part is really noise? This session will
highlight the difficulties associated with extracting geodynamic signals
such as postglacial rebound, vertical plate tectonics, or loading from
GPS height data. Contributions focusing on extracting the geodetic
signal from the noise, the limitations of data processing models and
software, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the geodetic
signal and noise, improved characterization of errors and noise, and the
effect of frame and coordinate realization methods on geodetic time
series and velocities are solicited.
Conveners: Tonie van Dam, European Center for Geodynamics and
Seismology, 19 Rue Josy Welter, Walferdange, L-7256 LUX, Tel:
35-2-33-14-87-31, Fax: 35-2-33-14-87-88, email: tonie@ecgs.lu, and Geoff
Blewitt, Nevada Bureau of Mines & Geology and Seismological
Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno Mail Stop 178 , Reno, NV
89557-0088 USA, Tel: 775-784-6691 x171, Fax: 775-784-1709, email:
gblewitt@unr.edu
G11 Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (ALSM):
Technology, Applications and Results
Airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) is rapidly becoming the primary
method for obtaining high-resolution topographic models for a wide
variety of Earth science applications, including research in structural
geology, surface deformation in active tectonic regions, the
development of geomorphic transport laws for hillslopes, alluvial fans
and channels to predict landscape evolution, floodplain formation,
glacial dynamics, soil moisture distribution, and landslide hazard
modeling. The National Science Foundation (NSF) support for research of
geosurficial processes using ALSM is expected to increase dramatically
in the next few years, for both small-scale projects conducted by
individual researchers and large multiresearcher projects such as GeoPBO
and CUAHSI (Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of
Hydrological Sciences). It is important for those developing and
advancing the technology, the current user community, and those
considering the use of the technology to improve their research, to
exchange information on recent progress, and to share their views of the
immediate and longer-term challenges and opportunities. A recent NSF
sponsored workshop hosted by the University of Florida drew 50
scientists and students from across the nation, who presented more than
30 talks and 10 poster papers.
Conveners: Bill Carter, University of Florida, Department of
Civil and Coastal Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA, email:
bcarter@ce.ufl.edu, and Michael Bevis, University of Hawaii, 2525
Correa Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, email: bevis@hawaii.edu, and Bill
Dietrich, University of California, Berkeley, Department of Earth and
Planetary Science, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, email: bill@eps.berkeley.edu,
and Robert Schutz, University of Texas, Center for Space Research
3925 West Braker Lane, Austin, TX USA, email: schutz@csr.texas.edu
G12 Insights Into the Earthquake Cycle
Most studies of the relationship between crustal deformation and active
faults have used very simple models of the earthquake cycle. Although
these models have been quite successful, they are understood to be crude
approximations of reality; more complex models have been proposed but
can be difficult to test because they require a long series of
measurements made over decades. Observations over the past few decades,
while of greater precision, relate to only a small part of one cycle and
are critical to the development of seismological models. Recent
developments in geological methods and the continuing maturity of
geodesy make it timely to consider the present state of knowledge of the
earthquake cycle from both data-oriented and model-oriented
perspectives. This session is not restricted to any one type of fault,
and we welcome abstracts that discuss thrust, strike-slip, and normal
faulting. We aim to bring together a broad range of scientific
communities (e.g., geology, geodesy, modeling, seismology, sea level) in
order to gain a better understanding of the spatial and temporal
components of crustal motions during different phases of the earthquake
cycle. From a model-oriented perspective, we are particularly interested
in abstracts that synthesize recent observations and present the state
of the art of our theoretical knowledge of the earthquake cycle. From a
data-oriented perspective, we are particularly interested in abstracts
that integrate the long-term geological or geodetic record of past
earthquakes or fault-related crustal motions with the recent
observational record of modern space geodesy. For example, at subduction
zones where substantial vertical motions occur, the application of
numerical techniques to geologic evidence enables the reconstruction of
quantitative estimates of relative land/sea-level changes through
multiple earthquake deformation cycles over the last 5000 years. These
illustrate distinct interseismic, preseismic and coseismic phases that
can be incorporated into comparable seismological models.
Conveners: Ian Shennan, University of Durham, Department of
Geography South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE GBR, Tel: +44-191-334-1934, Fax:
+44-191-334-1801, email: ian.shennan@durham.ac.uk, and Sarah L.
Hamilton, University of Durham, Department of Geography South Road,
Durham, DH1 3LE GBR, Tel: +44-191-334-1934, Fax: +44-191-334-1801,
email: s.l.hamilton@durham.ac.uk, and Jeffrey T. Freymueller, University
of Alaska, Geophysical Institute, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA, Tel:
1-907-474-7286, Fax: 1-907-474-5618, email: jeff@giseis.alaska.edu, and
Wayne Thatcher, U.S. Geological Survey, Mailstop 977 345 Middlefield
Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 1-650-329-4810, Fax:
1-650-329-5163, email: thatcher@usgs.gov
G13 Seasonal Signals in Space Geodetic Solutions
Seasonal signals are a universal characteristic of all types of space
geodetic solution, including station coordinate time series, polar
motion, length of day, Earth's geometric and gravitational shapes,
atmospheric delay, GPS signal multipathing, and satellite orbit
parameters. This session solicits contributions on seasonal signals in
any type of geodetic solution to seek relationships between different
types of solution that may be explained physically. For example, a
physical model might predict a relationship between seasonal variation
in gravity field coefficients and station coordinates. Abstracts that
compare seasonal signals in different types of solution are especially
welcome, as are those that develop models predicting relationships
between different solutions types. We also welcome the presentation of
observed seasonal signals that cannot be easily explained and
presentations that discuss the anelastic component of the Earth's
mechanical response at annual frequency.
Conveners: Geoff Blewitt, University of Nevada, Reno, 1667 N.
Virginia St., Mail Stop 178, Reno, NV 89557 USA, Tel: 775 354 6691 x171,
Fax: 775 354 1709, email: gblewitt@unr.edu, and Danan Dong, Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA USA, Tel:
818 393 1827, Fax: 818 393 6890, email: danan.dong@jpl.nasa.gov
G14 The Next Generation of Models and
Observations of Earth Rotation
The understanding of Earth rotation made giant steps in recent years in
several directions: (1) in space geodetic techniques for observing the
Earth rotation variations, i.e., precession-nutation, polar motion and
length of day, (2) in the observation and modeling of the fluid layers,
and (3) in the theory and modeling of the Earth rotation parameters. New
concepts were introduced for the definition of these parameters, such
as those involving the Celestial Intermediate Pole (CIP). The session
will cover the future synergy between theory and observation, with
special interest in reassessment of approximations used. It will
address new challenges in terms of observations, theory, and concepts.
It aims also at fostering the necessary dialog between all the facets
involved.
Conveners: Martine Feissel-Vernier, Institute Geographique
National, FRA, email: feissel@ensg.ign.fr, and Veronique Dehant, Royal
Observatory of Belgium, 3, avenue Circulaire , Bruxelles, B-1180 BEL,
Tel: 32-2-3730266, Fax: 32-2-3749822, email: v.dehant@oma.be
Geodesy also presents jointly with the following Special
Sessions:
S16 Seismic Hazards in the Great Basin
T02 Seismotectonics of the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental,
and Observational Constraints
P06 Science Rationale for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter
Mission
P08 Applications of Planetary Radars
S03 Earthquake Hazards of Greater Tokyo: Eighty Years
After Kanto
S05 Stress Transfer, Triggered Earthquakes, and
Time-Dependent Seismic Hazard
S06 New Views of Seismic Hazard in Cascadia
S08 Subduction and Lithospheric Deformation in South
America
S10 The Energy Budget of the “Earthquake Machine”
S18 The 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake: Observations and
Implications
T01 Role of Large Strike-Slip Faults in Tectonics of the
Tibetan Plateau
T07 Analysis of Plate Boundary Deformation Using Stress
and Strain Rate Data in Tandem
T08 Taking the Measure of Deforming Landscapes
T11 At the Seismogenic Front: Dynamic Processes at
Convergent Margins
T15 Late Cenozoic Tectonics, Climate, and Topography in
the Central and Southern Andes
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite
(ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C02 Advances in Glacier Geophysics
C08 Glaciers and Ice Sheets
Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism
GP00 General Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism
Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism
may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not
fit into one of the approved, preorganized Geomagnetism and
Paleomagnetism sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the
Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of
the abstracts received. The Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism section
represents a variety of scientific fields, including applied
mathematics, physics, and geology, linked by a common interest in the
Earth's magnetic field and how its characteristics can be used to
understand Earth's structure, dynamics, and history. The GP section
welcomes abstracts focused on properties of the present geomagnetic
field and its behavior in the historical and geological past, studies of
magnetic anomalies to understand the structure of the oceanic and
continental crust, the study the physics and chemistry of magnetic
minerals, with particular emphasis on how they are formed and become
magnetized, and electromagnetic methods used to study variations in
composition, temperature, and other properties of Earth's crust and
mantle.
Conveners: Ozden Ozdemir, University of Toronto at
Mississauga, Department of Physics, Erindale College 3359 Mississauga
Rd. N., Mississauga, ONT L5L 1C6 CAN, Tel: 905-828-3829, Fax:
905-828-3717, email: ozdemir@physics.utoronto.ca
GP01 Magnetic Interpretation: Continental to
Planetary Scales
The recently completed aeromagnetic compilation of North America, the
ongoing CHAMP (Earth) and MGS (Mars) satellite magnetometers at 400 km
altitude, and missions in preparation (Swarm, ARES, and HAMM) are
providing the magnetic interpreter with an abundance of high-quality
scalar and vector magnetic observations and the promise of even better
observations. Swarm, a satellite magnetic field constellation to fly in
2008, will allow for a separation of temporal and spatial variations of
the Earth's magnetic field. ARES has as its goal an aeromagnetic survey
over some of the largest Martian magnetic anomalies. HAMM is a
high-altitude magnetic survey of the United States which will help to
define the long-wavelength lithospheric field and improve the stitching
together of individual low-altitude surveys. Abstracts are solicited on
either magnetic interpretation or mission-related activities.
Conveners: Michael E Purucker, Raytheon ITSS at Geodynamics
Branch, Code 921, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: +1 301 614 6473, Fax: +1
301 614 6522, email: purucker@geomag.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Jeffrey D
Phillips, US Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center Box 25046 MS 964,
Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: +1 303 236 1206, Fax: +1 303 236 1425, email:
jeff@usgs.gov
GP02 Magnetic Anisotropy and Its Applications
The anisotropy of magnetic properties of rocks has become a standard
tool in investigations of rock fabric and strain. Anisotropies of
susceptibility, magnetic hysteresis, and isothermal remanence among
others have become targets of increasing research interest. Comparisons
of magnetic anisotropies have been made to infer flow lines and flow
directions, foliation planes of diverse types, strain patterns, fidelity
of geomagnetic field records of sediments, sources of materials, shapes
and origins of rock bodies, and many other geologically relevant
aspects. This session encourages contributions exploring all aspects of
magnetic anisotropy and their applications to geologic materials.
Conveners: William D MacDonald, State University of New York at
Binghamton, Dept. Geological Sciences, Science I, Vestal Parkway E.,
Binghamton, NY 13902-6000 USA, Tel: 607-777-2863, Fax: 607-777-2288,
email: wdmacdon@binghamton.edu, and Bernie Housen, Western Washington
University, Dept. Geology, 516 High St., Bellingham, WA 98225-9080 USA,
Tel: 360-650-3582, Fax: 360-650-7302, email: bernieh@cc.wwu.edu
GP03 Fundamental and Applied Rock Magnetism
Fine-particle magnetism provides significant information on past
geomagnetic field behavior and on a wide variety of depositional,
deformational, geochemical, geothermal, and other geological processes
and events. Extracting this information requires understanding the
complex behavior of magnetic mineral assemblages in response to changing
magnetic, thermal, and chemical environments. For this session we seek
abstracts highlighting recent theoretical and experimental advances in
rock/mineral magnetism, including (but not limited to) the following
lines of research: (1) micromagnetic modeling (e.g., improved
computational methods, simulation of experiments with varying field,
temperature, interactions, etc.); (2) low-temperature magnetometry and
transition-related phenomena (e.g., inverse thermoremanence,
granulometric and compositional dependence of transitional behavior,
low-temperature demagnetization); (3) partial thermoremanences and
paleointensity methods (e.g., theoretical and phenomenological models,
anhysteretic remanence analog studies, self-reversal); (4) micro- and
nano-scale structures and phenomena and macroscopic observables (e.g.,
antiphase domains, exsolution, oxidation rims); and (5) instruments and
analytical techniques (e.g., calibration and database issues, unmixing
methods, FORC analysis, etc.).
Conveners: Subir K Banerjee, University of Minnesota, 310
Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, Tel: 612-624-5722, Fax:
612-625-7502, email: banerjee@umn.edu, and Mike Jackson, University of
Minnesota, 291 Shepherd Labs 100 Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
USA, Tel: 612-624-5274, Fax: 612-625-7502, email: irm@umn.edu
GP04 New Approaches in Rock Magnetism and
Paleomagnetism: Merging Magnetic Methods With Analytical Techniques
In recent years, considerable progress has been made in rock magnetism,
paleomagnetism, and biomagnetism due to the development of more
comprehensive approaches combining traditional magnetic methods with
novel low-temperature rock magnetic techniques and analytical methods
from other scientific disciplines. This type of approach has been
particularly useful in cases where detailed mineralogical work was
necessary to validate, calibrate, or sometimes explain observed magnetic
properties. Such analytical techniques include, but are not limited to,
Mössbauer spectroscopy, microscale to nano-scale magnetic imaging,
analytical electron microscopy (e.g., SEM or TEM equipped with EDX,
EBSP, EELs, electron holography), and synchrotron radiation techniques
(e.g., EXAFS, XRF, diffraction). This session will be devoted to
interdisciplinary studies of this character with application to rock
magnetism and paleomagnetism, mineralogy, and iron (bio)-geochemistry
in the environment.
Conveners: Yohan Guyodo, University of Minnesota, Department
of Geology and Geophysics 108, Pillsbury Hall 310, Pillsbury Drive SE,
Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, Tel: (612) 624-5274, Fax: (612) 625-7502,
email: guyodo@umn.edu, and Suzanne A. McEnroe, CSIRO Exploration and
Mining, Advanced Magnetics Group PO Box 136 , North Ryde NSW, 1670 AUS,
Tel: 61-2-9490-8873, Fax: 61-2-9490-8874, email:
Suzanne.McEnroe@csiro.au
GP05 Environmental Magnetism
Magnetic techniques can provide detailed information concerning natural
and anthropogenic fine-grained iron-bearing particles in the
environment. Magnetic particles are often sensitive indicators of
environmental processes since their occurrence and concentration can
respond to orbitally forced paleoclimatic variations or to other
paleoenvironmental changes. In addition, magnetic particles can serve as
tracers of anthropogenic pollution or of environmental conditions in
archeological sites. We welcome contributions to a wide-ranging
environmental magnetism session, including recent advances from studies
of the various natural archives (soils, lacustrine, marine and
terrestrial sediments) representing all applications of the subject
including, but not limited to, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, pollution
monitoring, and archeology.
Conveners: Ted Evans, University of Alberta, , Edmonton, AB
T6G 2J1 CAN, Tel: (780) 492-5517, Fax: (780) 492-4256, email:
evans@phys.ualberta.ca, and Andrew Roberts, University of Southampton,
Southampton Oceanography Centre European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH
GBR, Tel: 44+23 80593786, Fax: 44+23 80593059, email:
arob@soc.soton.ac.uk
GP06 Geomagnetic Variations: From Secular
Variation to Superchrons
Geomagnetic variations with an internal origin occur at a wide range of
timescales, from those typical of outer and inner core processes
(~102-103 years) to those of mantle processes (~107-108 Myr). The short
term variations (secular variation, (reversal) excursions, or "tiny
wiggles," polarity reversals) are sometimes viewed as a continuum that
is inherent to core processes. But are they? The longer-term processes
(changes in reversal frequency, superchrons) must be related to mantle
processes, and thus to plate tectonics. We encourage contributions that
consider (records of) all timescales of geomagnetic field variations and
that play a role in our understanding of the workings of the geodynamo.
Conveners: Cor G. Langereis, Paleomagnetic Laboratory Fort
Hoofddijk, , Utrecht, NLD, Tel: +31.30.253.1668, email:
langer@geo.uu.nl, and Lisa Tauxe, Scripps Oceanographic Institution,
, San Diego, USA, email: ltauxe@ucsd.edu
GP07 High-resolution Description of the
Earth's Magnetic Field Time Variations Using Paleomagnetism and
Archeomagnetism
We encourage contributions dealing with paleomagnetism and
archeomagnetism (direction+intensity) to provide a high-resolution
full-vector description of time variations of the Earth's magnetic
field, both at regional and global scales. We especially welcome new
results that help to constrain the secular variation at century and
millennium scales. We further seek contributions that bridge the gap
between observations and geomagnetic modeling or that illustrate the
need to combine, or confront, different approaches for converging toward
a more reliable secular variation description. Contributions addressing
the dating problem in this respect are appreciated. Finally, we call for
abstracts presenting methodological advances that allow us to increase
the accuracy of the paleo archeomagnetic data, in particular intensity.
Conveners: Yves Gallet, Institut de Physique du Globe de
Paris, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, 75005 FRA, Tel: 33 1 44 27 24 32, Fax: 33
1 44 27 74 63, email: gallet@ipgp.jussieu.fr, and Monika Korte,
GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Postdam, 14473 DEU, Tel:
49 331 288 1268, Fax: 49 331 288 1235, email: monika@gfz-potsdam.de
GP08 Extraterrestrial Paleomagnetism: Role of
Impact Related Shock
With the discovery of the extraordinary Martian crustal magnetic
anomalies, interest in their origin has stimulated research in
extraterrestrial paleomagnetism. The most intense crustal fields on
Mars exhibit coherence over ~1000-km scales and stand in stark contrast
to the much weaker and far less coherent remanent fields on the Moon.
Yet impact processes appear to play an important role in both objects.
A particular feature of the Martian field is the apparent
demagnetization brought about by the Hellas and Argyre impacts, which
has implications on the planet's thermal and magnetic histories. Many
craters and basins on the Moon show clear evidence for impact
demagnetization, with signatures that highlight the importance of shock
effects. In this session we will encourage discussions of the magnetism
of meteorites, the Moon, Mars, and of asteroids, with emphasis upon the
possible role of shock and on experimental investigations of shock on
the laboratory scale.
Conveners: Mike Fuller, University of Hawaii, 2525 Correa RD,
Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, Tel: 808 956 4938, Fax: 808 956 3188, email:
mfuller@soest.hawaii.edu, and Bob Lin, U.C. Berkeley, , Berkeley, CA
94720 USA, Tel: 510 642 1149, Fax: 510 643 8302, email:
rlin@ssl.berkeley.edu, and Dave Mitchell, U.C. Berkeley, , Berkeley,
CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510 643 1561, Fax: 510 643 8302, email:
mitchell@ssl.berkeley.edu
GP09 Tectonic and Geochronologic Applications
of Sedimentary Paleomagnetism
This session highlights the use of sedimentary paleomagnetism for
studying tectonics as well as for stratigraphic correlation.
Contributions documenting the use of sedimentary paleomagnetism to
correlate and date geologic and tectonic events are welcome. The session
will focus on the versatility of sedimentary paleomagnetism for studying
a wide range of geologic events. Studies based on methodologies beyond
basic remanence measurements (e.g., magnetic fabrics, rock magnetic
properties) are also solicited.
Conveners: Kenneth P Kodama, Lehigh University, Dept of Earth
and Environmental Sciences 31 Williams Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA,
Tel: 610-758-3663, Fax: 610-758-3677, email: kpk0@lehigh.edu, and
Bradford M Clement, Florida International University, SW 8th St &
107th Ave, Miami, FL 33199 USA, Tel: 305.348.3085, Fax: 305.358.3877,
email: clementb@fiu.edu
GP10 Magnetic Petrology and its Applications
to Tectonics, Remote Sensing, and the Martian Climate
Between the theoretical precepts and experiments of rock magnetism and
the field endeavors and remanence stability tests of paleomagnetism,
lies an area of investigation where petrological and mineralogical
analyses of paleomagnetic samples are combined with the principles of
rock magnetism to explain the origin, reliability, and geological
significance of remanent magnetism. Rob Hargraves was one of the
leading practitioners and advocates for this interdisciplinary field of
research, magnetic petrology. In appreciation of his influence and
enthusiasm this session will cover some of the recent developments in
this field including lamellar magnetism, Martian dust, and the
implications for tectonics and magnetic field anomalies.
Conveners: Tullis C Onstott, Princeton University, Dept. of
Geosciences, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA, Tel: 609-258-7678, Fax:
609-258-1274, email: tullis@princeton.edu, and Robert A. Duncan, Oregon
State University, College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences 104
Ocean Admin Bldg , Corvallis, OR 97331-5503 USA, Tel: 541-737-5206, Fax:
541-737-2064, email: rduncan@coas.oregonstate.edu
GP11 Conductivity From Crust to Core
This session solicits submissions on all aspects of electrical
conductivity studies of Earth and planets. Electrical conductivity, one
of the few physical parameters that can be sensed remotely, provides
important constraints on porosity, melt content, temperature, and
mineralogy of the crust and mantle. We welcome submissions on field
projects, laboratory work, and numerical/theoretical studies. We
encourage work presenting new results pertaining to deep Earth
structure, but also environmental and hydrological applications of
electromagnetism.
Conveners: Steven Constable, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, MC 0225, La Jolla, CA USA, Tel: 858 5342409, Fax: 858
5348090, email: sconstable@ucsd.edu, and John Booker, University of
Washington, 63 Johnson Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, Tel: 206 5439492,
Fax: 206 5430489, email: booker@ess.washington.edu
Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism also presents jointly with the
following Special Sessions:
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental,
and Observational Constraints
G06 Core Dynamics: From Geomagnetism to Geodesy
T12 Ground and Space Methods for Monitoring EM
Preearthquake Phenomena
V10 Crustal and Mantle Processes in Ophiolites and Ocean
Crust Generation
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and
Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
T14 New Views of the Structure and Composition of the
Deep Earth
T16 Heat Sources in the Core
V17 New Frontiers in High-Pressure Research
Hydrology
H00 General Hydrology Contributions
This session solicits contributions related to the scientific,
engineering, management or policy aspects of hydrology. Hydrology is
the study of the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of
water as a solid, liquid, and vapor, as it cycles through surface
waters, the atmosphere, and the surface layers of the Earth; and its
utilization in social and economic endeavors, including impacts from
this use. Potential contributors should first consider submitting to one
of the specific hydrology sessions listed below, and only if the
contribution falls outside these sessions, then contribute to this
general session. These general contributions will be reviewed by the
Program Committee and either assigned to a session or have sessions
formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
Conveners: Eric Wood, Princeton University, Department of
Civil Engineering, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003 USA, Tel: 609-258-4675, Fax:
609-258-2799, email: efwood@princeton.edu
H01 Quantifying Rates of Geomorphic Processes
Significant advancement in quantifying rates of surface processes is
now possible through the application of a variety of new tools. This
session will explore how methods such as cosmogenic nuclides, apatite
(U-Th)/He thermochronometry, U-series geochemistry, luminescence, and
chemical mass balances quantify relationships between climate,
tectonics, and surface processes. We welcome geochemical, field, and
modeling studies that tackle processes related to erosion and
sedimentation on short, intermediate, or long timescales. We hope to
attract studies examining active mountain belts as well as controlled
experiments. This interdisciplinary session welcomes studies that focus
on advancements made using individual techniques or studies that
integrate several techniques.
Conveners: Arjun M. Heimsath, Dartmouth College, 6105 Fairchild
Hall, Department of Earth Sciences, Hanover, NH 03755 USA, Tel:
603-646-2374, Fax: 603-646-3922, email: Arjun.Heimsath@Dartmouth.edu,
and Todd Ehlers, University of Michigan, 2534 C.C. Little Bldg. 425
East University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063 USA, Tel: 734-763-5112, Fax:
734-763-4690, email: tehlers@umich.edu
H02 Earth Surface: Processes and Landscapes
(POSTER)
This is a general poster session on processes that affect the form and
function of the surface of Earth. These processes, in which physics,
chemistry, and biology have roles, occur over a wide range of temporal
and spatial scales, and include fluvial, aeolian, and coastal sediment
transport and the resulting erosion and sedimentation; hillslope mass
movements; glacial and periglacial activity; weathering and pedogenesis;
surface manifestations of volcanism and tectonism; and human activities
that modify the surface of Earth. We welcome contributions on field or
lab experiments, field monitoring, theoretical or numerical modeling,
application of surface dating techniques, and development of new
methods.
Conveners: Elizabeth B. Safran, Lewis & Clark College,
Environmental Studies, MSC 55 0615 SW Palatine Hill Road, Portland, OR
97219 USA, Tel: (503) 768-7690, Fax: (503) 768-7369, email:
safran@lclark.edu, and Ellen Wohl, Colorado State University,
Department of Geosciences, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA, Tel: (970)
492-5298, Fax: (970) 491-6307, email: ellenw@cnr.colostate.edu
H03 Extreme Event Geomorphology
Extreme events occur in many landscapes, but are particularly common to
mountainous environments, and span the range from extreme precipitation
events associated with large storms to dam-break floods (landslide,
moraine, or ice dams), glacial outburst floods, volcano-ice
interactions, and massive landslides/debris avalanches. These extreme
events can accomplish considerable amounts of erosion, landscape
modification, and sediment transfer in a matter of hours, but are
relatively rare occurrences. The trade-off between the magnitude,
frequency, and duration of events is a classic problem in geomorphology,
and depends on the magnitude of any intrinsic thresholds and the
nonlinearity of erosion and transport processes. We encourage field,
laboratory, statistical, and theoretical studies of the role of extreme
events in geomorphology and the processes that cause them. We encourage
presentation of evidence both for and against a significant role of
extreme events.
Conveners: Kelin X Whipple, MIT, Department of EAPS, Rm 54-1016
77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Tel: 617 253 2578,
Fax: 617-252-1800, email: kxw@mit.edu, and David R Montgomery,
University of Washington, Department of Geological Sciences Box 351310,
Seattle, WA 98195 USA, Tel: 206-685-2560, Fax: 206-543-3836, email:
dave@ess.washington.edu
H04 Watershed Processes and Linkages to
Regional and Watershed Patterns in Stream Channel Morphology
Channel morphology, habitat structure, and disturbance regimes vary
with local and regional differences in topography, geology, and climate.
Human activities that alter runoff (magnitude, timing, and/or routing)
and the supply and transport of sediment and/or wood can alter small-
and large-scale spatial patterns in channel morphology. Recent advances
in remote sensing and GIS technologies enhance our ability to
characterize land surface conditions and model physical and ecological
processes at regional scales. This session will explore problems in (1)
predicting reach- or site-scale channel characteristics using map-based
and remotely sensed data and (2) assessing channel characteristics and
temporal trends at the regional scale using reach-scale field data.
Conveners: John M Faustini, Oregon State University, c/o U.S.
EPA 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA, Tel: (541) 754-4581,
Fax: (541) 754-4716, email: faustini.john@epa.gov, and Philip R
Kaufmann, US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street,
Corvallis, OR , 97333 USA, Tel: (541) 754-4451, Fax: (541) 754-4716,
email: Kaufmann.Phil@epa.gov, and Brian P Bledsoe, Colorado State
University, Department of Civil Engineering, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372
USA, Tel: 970-491-8410, Fax: 970-491-8671, email:
bbledsoe@engr.colostate.edu
H05 Form, Process and Climate in Landscape
Evolution
Coupled models of landform evolution in headwater watersheds, which
combine geomorphic, hydrologic, and geochemical processes, have become
increasingly sophisticated and realistic. This session is devoted to
surveying the state of the art in such modeling in recognition of the
pioneering research and lasting impact of Michael J. Kirkby upon his
retirement. The session will combine invited and contributed
contributions spanning the wide range of his research activities, which
include hillslope geomorphology and hydrology, soil chemistry and
profile development, erosion and sedimentation processes, landscape
evolution modeling, and geomorphic responses to climate and
environmental change.
Conveners: William E Dietrich, UC Berkeley, Earth and Planetary
Science, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-642-2633, Fax: 510-643=9980,
email: bill@eps.berkeley.edu, and David J Furbish, Florida State,
Department of Geological Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA, Tel:
(850)644-7494, Fax: (850)644-7493, email: furbish@fsu.edu, and Alan D
Howard, University of Virginia, Department of Environmental Sciences,
Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123 USA, Tel: (434) 924-0563, Fax: : (434)
982-2137, email: alanh@virginia.edu, and Keith Beven, University of
Lancaster, Environmental Science Department, Lancaster, LA1 4YB GBR,
Tel: +44-1524-593892, email: k.beven@lancaster.ac.uk
H06 Natural Attenuation at the Fringe: Reactive
Zones in Biodegrading Groundwater Pollution Plumes (POSTER)
Many naturally attenuating pollution plumes have zones of much higher
biodegradative activity, where optimal concentrations of electron
acceptors and donors coincide with the necessary redox conditions,
mineralogy, and microbial populations. These zones are often associated
with the plume fringe where transverse mixing and degradation create
countergradients of concentrations, but can also occur in the plume's
interior. This sesssion will explore the issues associated with
locating, observing, modeling, and predicting these zones, and hence
developing preformance models for predicting NA. The preference will be
for field-based research to be presented, but supporting laboratory
studies and modeling activities will be welcome. A feature of the
session will be the European CORONA research project, in which fringe
and other reactive zones are being researched at six field sites.
Conveners: David N Lerner, University of Sheffield, Civil &
Structural Engineering Mappin St, Sheffield So Yorks, S1 3JD GBR, Tel:
44 113 222 5743, Fax: 44 113 222 5701, email: d.n.lerner@shef.ac.uk, and
Thomas Ptak, University of Tuebingen, Center for Applied Geoscience
Sigwartstraße 10, Tuebingen, D-72076 DEU, Tel: 49 7071 29 7 52 38,
Fax: 49 7071 5059, email: thomas.ptak@uni-tuebingen.de, and Poul L
Bjerg, University of Denmark, Environment and Resources Bygningstorvet,
Building 115, Lyngby, Kongens, DK-2800 DNK, Tel: 45 45 4525 1615, Fax:
45 45932850, email: plb@imt.dtu.dk
H07 Recent Advances in Groundwater Hydrology
(POSTER)
This session will highlight recent advances in the field of groundwater
hydrology. Poster presentations are encouraged on all aspects of
groundwater hydrology. Possible topics include advances in field
measurement and site characterization, new strategies for modeling flow
or transport in porous and fractured media, interpretation of microscale
and macroscale laboratory experiments, and field case studies
highlighting advances in theory or practice.
Conveners: Claire Welty, Drexel University, Dept. of Civil,
Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Philadelphia, PA 19103
USA, Tel: 215-895-2281, Fax: 215-895-1363, email: weltyc@drexel.edu, and
James J Butler, The University of Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey,
1930 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047-3726 USA, Tel: 785-864-2116,
Fax: 785-864-5317, email: jbutler@kgs.ukans.edu
H08 Geohydrological Modeling in Support of
Litigation
Groundwater models have been and continue to be used in support of
litigation. In general, they provide insight into historical events that
form the basis upon which damages can be assessed or remediation costs
allocated. Every trial is unique in the way that models have been
employed in the evaluation of a legal theory. By their nature, models
used for litigation are seldom published in the professional literature
and are therefore not exposed to peer review and evaluation.
Nevertheless, many, if not most, notorious groundwater cases have used
models by both the defense and the prosecution. The strategy behind
their utilization is of enormous scientific as well as societal
interest.
Conveners: George F Pinder, University of Vermont, 371 Votey
Building, Burlington, VT 05405 USA, Tel: 802 656 8697, Fax:
802-656-8446, email: pinder@uvm.edu, and Jon F Sykes, University of
Waterloo, Department of Civil Engineering, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1 CAN, Tel:
519-888-4567, Fax: 519-888-6197, email: sykesj@uwaterloo.ca
H09 Geocentrifuge Advances in Studying
Subsurface Environmental Processes
The application of geocentrifuge techniques to the field of
geotechnical engineering is well established; however, recent work has
also demonstrated the application of geocentrifuge techniques for
studying subsurface environmental processes. During geocentrifuge
testing, physical models are loaded onto a geocentrifuge and subjected
to centrifugal accelerations that are many times that of the Earth’s
gravitational acceleration. This increased acceleration field is used
to enhance advective transport of fluids and chemicals through geologic
media. Recent studies have covered a wide variety of applications
including the unsaturated hydraulic characterization of soils and rock,
chemical transport through unsaturated media, multiphase liquid
transport, convective heat transport, subsurface colloid behavior, and
in situ air sparging. The advancement of miniaturized tools,
measurement devices, and optical visualization has allowed researchers
to better analyze these experiments. Mathematical descriptions of
these processes are used to scale observations from the centrifuge to
the real world. This session highlights recent advances in use of the
geocentrifuge as a tool to examine subsurface processes in saturated and
unsaturated media. It is open to physical studies that address
hydrological flow and chemical transport in the subsurface, as well as
mathematical descriptions of these physical processes in a centrifugal
field.
Conveners: Earl D Mattson, , Idaho National Engineering and
Environmental Laboratory, PO Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2107 USA,
Tel: 208 526-4084, Fax: 208 526-0875, email: matted@inel.gov, and
Patricia J Culligan, MIT, Room 1-370 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA
02139 USA, Tel: 617 258-7093, Fax: 617 253-6044, email: trishch@mit.edu
H10 Moving Beyond the Model Development Stage:
Groundwater Model Validation, Postaudits, and Long-Term Monitoring
(POSTER)
Numerical groundwater models are commonly used to make quantitative
predictions for many purposes including risk assessment, remediation
and/or monitoring design, and resource evaluation. To reduce
uncertainty associated with such predictions, model development
typically follows an iterative process of characterization, calibration,
prediction, and then updated characterization. However, no matter how
often this iterative process is repeated, there remains some uncertainty
associated with model predictions. While many methods have been
developed to estimate the degree of uncertainty in model predictions,
such uncertainty is often not assessed subsequent to the model
development stage. Moving beyond the model development process to a
stage where model predictions are evaluated using results from a
well-designed long-term monitoring program may provide new insights and
help highlight those aspects that are most crucial to the entire
modeling process. This session seeks abstracts that deal with this
postdevelopment stage of the modeling process. In particular, studies
focusing on model evaluation, model validation, long-term monitoring
strategies for evaluating and refining model predictions, and model
postaudits are encouraged for this session.
Conveners: Timothy D Scheibe, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 MS K9-36, Richland, WA 99352 USA, Tel: 509 372
6065, Fax: 509-372-6089, email: tim.scheibe@pnl.gov, and Ahmed E Hassan,
Desert Research Institute, 755 E. Flamingo Road, Las Vegas, NV 89119
USA, Tel: 702-895-0465, Fax: 702-895-0427, email: hassan@dri.edu, and
Barbara S Minsker, University of Illinois, 3230 Newmark Lab, MC-250 205
N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA, Tel: 217-333-9017, Fax:
217-333-6968, email: minsker@uiuc.edu
H11 Optimization for Model Calibration and
Management in Water Resources
This session will focus on the application of optimization methods in
surface and groundwater analysis. One important use of optimization
methods is for automatic calibration of models describing the movement
of water and its impact on the transport of nutrients or contaminants.
Such models have a large number of parameters, and calibrating the
models to observed data is very time consuming. Automatic calibration
uses an optimization method to do a computer search for the combination
of parameter values that best fits the data. It is possible for the
modeler to interact with the automatic calibration to guide the search
by specifying the output and other characteristics that are important in
finding the calibration parameter set that is most reasonable. In
management, optimization methods can be used to select the decisions for
designing and operating a water resource system. In the case of
groundwater remediation, for example, this includes location of wells
for extraction or injection of water and possible additives, and rates
of pumping. Operation of reservoirs under variable weather conditions
can be analyzed by optimization methods. For watershed, optimization
objectives can include determining the location and type of decision
(e.g., installation of erosion control measures) that would best achieve
goals of hydrologic or pollution control. Optimization analysis can also
be used to assist in quantifying the uncertainty associated with either
calibration of water resources model or pollution control. Abstracts
on this interaction between optimization and uncertainty analysis would
also be welcome.
Conveners: Christine A Shoemaker, Cornell University, School of
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA, Tel: 607 255
9233, Fax: 607 255 9004, email: cas12@cornell.edu, and Soroosh
Sorooshian, University of Arizona, Harshbarger Bldg, Room 172, Tucson,
AZ 85721 USA, Tel: 520 621 1661, Fax: 520 6 248826, email:
corrie@hwr.arizona.edu
H12 Dealing With Hydrogeologic Uncertainty in
Practice: Data Collection, Models, Predictions, and Regulatory Guidelines
This session provides a forum to discuss the present state and
continued challenges of coping with uncertainty in groundwater flow and
transport model predictions. Over the last 30 years, stochastic methods
have evolved one set of tools for quantifying uncertainty. Other methods
involve inferential statistics and random sampling through Monte Carlo
methods. We would like to explore the following questions: How has our
growing understanding of the role of system complexities, such as
heterogeneity, impacted the collection of data, the design of models
and their application, the assessment of model predictions, and the
development of regulatory guidelines? What are the most glaring
problems that arise when ignoring heterogeneity and uncertainty in
site-specific applications? What regulatory or professional guidelines
for site assessment have been developed or changed as a result of our
understanding of hydrogeologic heterogeneity and limitations of commonly
available data? What are the practical advantages/disadvantages of
various tools that take into account hydrogeologic heterogeneity and
uncertainty? We seek illumination of difficulties as well as proposed
solutions.
Conveners: Thomas Harter, University of California, Davis,
Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, 113 Veihmeyer Hall , Davis,
CA 95616-8628 USA, Tel: 530-752-2709, email: thharter@uckac.edu, and
Mary C Hill, US Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303
USA, Tel: 303-541-3014, email: mchill@usgs.gov
H13 Interactions Between Fluids and Fractures
Interactions between fluids and fractures are fundamental to Earth
processes ranging from the flows of groundwater, petroleum, or natural
gas to the formation of joints or faults or the emplacement of igneous
intrusions. Likewise, these interactions are critical to effectively
designing the propagation of hydraulic fractures, the control of
injected carbon dioxide, the containment of radioactive waste, or other
subsurface engineering projects. The purpose of this session is to
bring together investigators from hydrogeology, geomechanics, structural
geology, rock mechanics, and other relevant disciplines to review in a
single forum the varied perspectives on fluids and fractures. We
encourage abstracts on field, laboratory, and theoretical aspects of how
fluids affect fracture dilation and growth, how fractures control fluid
storage and migration, and how these processes are coupled to one
another or to other thermal, chemical, or biological processes.
Conveners: Lawrence C Murdoch, Clemson University, 340 Brackett
Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA, Tel: 864 656 2597, Fax: 864-656-1041,
email: lmurdoc@clemson.edu, and Leonid Germanovich, Georgia Tech, 790
Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA, Tel: 404 894 2284, Fax: 404 894
2281, email: leonid@ce.gatech.edu
H14 Recent Advances in GIS and Data
Visualization in Regional-Scale Groundwater Modeling
Rapid development in computer hardware and software technology has
resulted in new and improved tools, which could drastically change the
way groundwater modeling is done today. One of these tools is the GIS
technology, which allows for swift organization, quantification, and
interpretation of large quantities of hydrogeological data and can serve
as an integrated environment in which field data are analyzed and
checked and the conceptual model formulated and updated. The GIS and
advanced data visualization tools are particularly valuable for
regional, large-scale groundwater modeling studies where an enormous
amount of geological, hydrogeological, and geochemical data may need to
be processed, organized, and displayed. This session is intended to
bring together researchers and practitioners interested in the
development and application of the state-of-the-art GIS and data
visualization technology in regional groundwater flow and transport
modeling. Presentations dealing with innovative case studies are
especially encouraged.
Conveners: Chunmiao Zheng, University of Alabama, Department
of Geological Sciences 202 Bevill Building, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA,
Tel: 205 348 0579, Fax: 205-348-0818, email: czheng@ua.edu, and Paul
Hsieh, US Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road Mail Stop 496, Menlo
Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650 329 4580, Fax: 650-329-4463, email:
pahsieh@usgs.gov
H15 The Influence of Scale on Characterization
of Fractured-Rock Aquifers
Rapid urbanization in many parts of the world is creating a greater
dependence upon groundwater as a source of industrial, public, and
private water supplies. Fractured-rock aquifers are increasingly being
relied upon for these new sources, but understanding the capacities of
and flow pathways within such aquifers can present daunting scientific
challenges. Studies of water availability in fractured-rock aquifers are
conducted over a range of scales, from individual wells and well fields
to entire watersheds and geologic provinces. Bedrock geologic
structures and fractures can have a considerable effect on the
groundwater flow regime; how much geologic data is necessary to describe
the salient features of a fractured-rock aquifer, however, will vary
with scale of the investigation and its geologic setting, and is not
well understood or agreed upon. This session will address the influence
of scale on hydrogeologic investigations by bringing together
hydrologists and geologists involved in fractured-rock studies at a
variety of scales, in order to better understand the relationship
between size of investigation and the amount and nature of geologic
information that is needed to adequately characterize a given
groundwater flow regime. Geophysical, geochemical, and groundwater
modeling investigations that indicate the degree to which geologic
structure and fracture data are needed to infer hydraulic properties and
define aquifer heterogeneity over various physical dimensions and
different geologic terrains are of interest, as is the relation between
local and regional stress distributions and aquifer hydraulic properties.
Conveners: William C Burton, US Geological Survey, 926A National
Center, Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703 648 6904, Fax: 703 648-6953,
email: bburton@usgs.gov, and Allen M Shapiro, US Geological Survey, 431
National Center, Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703 648 5884, Fax:
703-648-5274, email: ashapiro@usgs.gov
H16 Numerical Simulations of Flow and Transport
in Heterogeneous Subsurface Systems (POSTER)
In recent years, numerical simulation has been adopted more frequently
to study fluid flow and solute transport in subsurface environments,
especially in heterogeneous soils and aquifers. The purpose of this
session is to highlight recent achievements of such numerical studies,
which may include newer applications in saturated and unsaturated or
multiphase systems or that include chemical reactions and other coupled
nonlinear phenomena. Abstracts that address analyses of particular
numerical techniques and grid design, the role of Monte Carlo studies
and geostatistical methods, the importance of experimental design, and
links to field-scale experiments or larger-scale models are also welcome.
Conveners: You-Kuan Zhang, The University of Iowa, 121 TH,
Iowa City, IA 52242 USA, Tel: 319-335-1806, Fax: 319-335-1821, email:
you-kuan-zhang@uiowa.edu
H17 Hydrogeophysics: Characterization and
Monitoring of Subsurface Parameters and Processes
As safe and effective use of the subsurface environment becomes
increasingly important to our society, there is a growing need to
improve our understanding of flow and transport processes in the shallow
subsurface. A new discipline of hydrogeophysics has evolved to meet this
need. By combining measurements made with standard hydrologic tools
with geophysical methods that are designed specifically for shallow
applications, accurate subsurface characterization and monitoring can
be achieved with high temporal and spatial resolution and over a range
of spatial scales. Research in this discipline is aimed at continuing
development and improvement of geophysical methods for shallow
investigations, and improved simultaneous use of geophysical and
hydrogeological measurements. The purpose of this session is to discuss
recent research advances within the emerging discipline of
hydrogeophysics. We seek contributions that focus on improved
geophysical theory, instrument development, and geophysical and joint
hydrogeophysical inversion approaches (data fusion). We also solicit
hydrogeophysical case studies that illustrate the potential benefits,
or limitations, of hydrogeophysical investigations. This session will
be of interest both to hydrogeophysicists and to hydrologists, whose
investigations may benefit from the inclusion of emerging geophysical
methods. Specific areas of application include water resources,
contaminant transport, ecohydrology, precision agriculture, and climate
change. A companion session entitled "Hydrogeophysics: Characterization
and monitoring of soil properties and processes in the laboratory" will
complement this session by discussing laboratory-scale hydrogeophysical
measurement methods, data analysis, and modeling.
Conveners: Susan S Hubbard, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel:
510-486-5266, Fax: 510-486-5686, email: sshubbard@lbl.gov, and Andrew
Binley, Lancaster University, Department of Environmental Science,
Lancaster, LA1 4YQ GBR, Tel: 44 (0)1524 593927, Fax: 44 (0)1524 593985,
email: a.binley@lancaster.ac.uk, and Ty P A Ferre, University of
Arizona, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources 1133 E . North
Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011 USA, Tel: 520 621 2952, Fax:
520-621-1422, email: ty@hwr.arizona.edu
H18 Hydrogeophysics: Characterization and
Monitoring of Soil Properties and Processes in the Laboratory
As safe and effective use of the subsurface environment becomes
increasingly important to our society, there is a growing need to
improve our understanding of flow and transport processes in the shallow
subsurface. Subsurface characterization and monitoring can be made more
accurate when they are coupled with knowledge about geophysical
properties of soil at controlled in situ conditions. Important advances
have been made in the laboratory to understand the interactions between
the geochemical, geological, geophysical, and microbial properties of
soils. The main thrust in this field has been in the development of
measurement methods relevant to soils in the top few hundred meters of
the subsurface and to consider the specific biogeochemistry of the soil
ecosystem. The purpose of this session is to discuss recent research
advances in experimental data and models of soil properties with
applications to hydrogeophysics. We seek contributions that focus on
laboratory measurement methods, laboratory data, and/or modeling
properties of soil. These contributions could focus on (1) Development
of laboratory measurement methods specially adapted to the shallow
environment, (2) laboratory data that can help characterize and
understand the relationships between geophysical attributes and
hydrogeological and biogeochemical parameters, and (3) theoretical and
empirical models for geophysical mapping, for example, of biogeochemical
variations in the soil or contaminant transport. The session would
benefit from participation of experimentalists and theoreticians from
various fields in soil and rock physics and would provide a basis for
fruitful discussions on different aspects of soil contamination,
characterization, monitoring, and remediation. A companion session
entitled "Hydrogeophysics: Characterization and monitoring of
subsurface parameters and processes" will complement this session by
focusing on subsurface characterization and monitoring using
geophysical methods for shallow investigations, and improved
simultaneous use of geophysical and hydrogeological measurements.
Conveners: Manika Prasad, Stanford University, Geophysics
Department 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Tel: 650 723 8547,
Fax: 650-723-1188, email: manika.prasad@stanford.edu, and David Lesmes,
The George Washington University, Department of Earth and Environmental
Sciences 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA, Tel: 202 994 6190,
Fax: 202 994-0450, email: lesmes@gwu.edu, and Lee Slater, Rutgers
University, Department of Earth and Environmental Science 195 University
Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102 USA, Tel: 973-353-5109, Fax: 973-353-1965,
email: lslater@andromeda.rutgers.edu, and Estella Atekwana, University
of Missouri-Rolla, Department Geology & Geophysics, 1870 Miner
Circle, 125 Mcnutt Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA, Tel: 573 341 6104, email:
atekwana@umr.edu
H19 Observations and Theoretical and Numerical
Studies of Land Surface Heterogeneities on Land-Atmosphere Modeling
(POSTER)
The improvement of understanding and parameterization of the land
surface has advanced the modeling capacity in hydrology, meteorology,
climatology, ecology, agronomy, and related environmental fields, in
both coupled and uncoupled settings. However, heterogeneities of
topography, land cover/use, and other land surface characteristics
complicate the ability to represent the important exchanges of energy
and water across the land surface in models. To highlight the difficulty
and importance of the issues related to incorporating land surface
heterogeneities in near-surface land-atmosphere modeling, we propose
this session to solicit abstracts of research dealing with observations
and theoretical and numerical studies of the effects of spatial
heterogeneities on land-atmosphere interactions. Specifically, this
session will focus on topics related to (1) analyzing and studying the
field measurements of land-surface fluxes, such as sensible heat and
latent heat; (2) theoretical and numerical studies of the sensitivity of
properties affected by spatial heterogeneities such as aerodynamic
resistance and roughness; and (3) exploring the effects of the
heterogeneities and scale properties of the land surface on the
parameterization in numerical models.
Conveners: Ji Chen, University of California, San Diego, 9500
Gilman Drive, Dept 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, Tel: 858 534 4157, Fax:
858-534-8561, email: jichen@ecpc3.ucsd.edu, and Edwin Maurer,
University of Washington, Seattle, Box 351640 425B ATG Building,
Seattle, WA 98195-1640 USA, Tel: 206 685 3793, Fax: 206-543-0308, email:
edm@atmos.washington.edu
H20 Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP)
The Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) is a coordinated
international activity of the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) to
develop in situ, satellite, and model data focused on
hydrometeorological processes in the atmosphere and land surface, and to
use these data sets to develop improved process understanding and
climate models. The observation and data collection phase extends from
1 July 2001 to 31 December 2004, with a special focus on 36
international in situ reference sites. Abstracts are solicited for this
session that give an overview of the scientific aspects of the CEOP
initiative and its links with climate programs and prediction issues.
In particular, we are interested in contributions describing how CEOP
data are helping to describe water and energy processes and improving
their representation in various atmosphere and land surface
hydrometeorological models. This session will be of interest to people
concerned with global and regional data sets for model development and
land process and monsoon studies.
Conveners: John O Roads, Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
UCSD 0224 8605 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92039-0224 USA, Tel:
858 534 2099, Fax: : 858-534-8561, email: jroads@ucsd.edu, and Rick
Lawford, NOAA, Office of Global Programs Suite 1210 1100 Wayne Ave,
Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA, Tel: 301-427-2089 X 146, Fax: 301-427-2073,
email: Richard.Lawford@noaa.gov
H21 Use of Artificial Intelligence Methods in
Geosciences (POSTER)
The development and availability of new "soft" computing methods is
revolutionizing data analysis procedures. These new data analysis
tools, comprising neural networks and fuzzy logic, genetic programming
and algorithms, and most recently, support vector machines, all have one
thing in common that sets them apart from classical data analysis
methodologies: their lack of a requirement for a priori assumptions
about the underlying functional relationships among the data. Another
attractive aspect emerging from the theory behind several of these
techniques is the optimization of the bias-variance (over fitting versus
error minimization) or generalization capability of these methods. The
primary theoretical foundation of support vector machines, i.e.,
statistical learning theory (Vapnik, 1995), has been shown to apply to
other soft computing methods as well. This is in spite of the fact that
many of these methods were developed independently in different
disciplines. These soft computing data analysis methods are inherently
interdisciplinary and increasingly applied in the fields of engineering,
business, and medical, and genetic research, just to name a few. They
are starting to emerge also in the geosciences. There is thus a strong
need to assess the utility and potential applications within the
geosciences and to overcome the hurdle of unfamiliar (and potentially
redundant) vocabulary that may have created a reluctance among
scientists to explore the usefulness of such methods in their
particular fields of research. This session is concerned with the use
of soft computing methods in the geosciences. Contributions are
solicited that focus particularly on the soft computing aspects of data
analyses and demonstrate how the new technique compares to more
classical approaches.
Conveners: Mark Morissey, Oklahoma University, School of
Meteorology, Environmental Verification and Analysis Center 3200
Marshall Avenue Suite 110 , Norman, OK 73072 USA, Tel: 405 447 8412,
Fax: 405-447-8455, email: mmorriss@ou.edu
H22 Environmental Vadose Zone Hydrology (POSTER)
The vadose zone serves many important environmental roles and is an
important link as well as a buffer between the land surface-atmosphere
and groundwater. Poster presentations are encouraged on a broad range of
topics in environmental vadose zone hydrology including field
investigations, laboratory studies, and modeling analyses. Topics may
include unsaturated and multiphase flow and transport processes,
plant-soil interaction, evaluation and modeling of heterogeneous
systems, assessment of prediction uncertainty, biogeochemical and
colloidal matter processes, measurement techniques, and monitoring of
vadose zone systems.
Conveners: Michael H Young, Desert Research Institute, Division
of Hydrologic Sciences 755 East Flamingo Road, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA,
Tel: 702 895 0489, Fax: 702-895-0427, email: michael@dri.edu, and Thomas
Harter, UC Davis, Department of Land, Air & Water Resources One
Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8628 USA, Tel: 530 752 2709, Fax: (530)
752-1552, email: thharter@ucdavis.edu
H23 Model Calibration, Parameter Nonuniqueness,
and Predictive Uncertainty Associated With Flow and Transport in
Variably Saturated Media
Reliance on variably saturated groundwater models by hydrologists to
manage the quantity and quality of water resources is increasing. Some
applications of variably saturated groundwater models include
quantifying infiltration and groundwater recharge in arid and semiarid
regions, understanding processes controlling agricultural chemical
transport to shallow water tables, and predicting transport of
radionuclides from waste storage sites. In these and other variably
saturated flow and transport studies, the model conceptualization often
includes equivalent porous media, dual porosity/permeable media (such as
macropores, preferential, or bypass flow), or fingering (due to
heterogeneity, focused depressions, or hysteresis). Whereas the
interaction of various subsurface potentials under these model
conceptual scenarios can be studied numerically, the success of these
models to provide reliable flux estimates depends on adequacy of the
model calibration process. A related issue to that of model
calibration, and one that is not often reported in the literature, is
quantifying the uncertainty associated with predictions made by a model
once it is calibrated. Quantification of predictive uncertainty is
particularly important because most calibrated model parameter sets are
nonunique despite their optimality. The purpose of this session is to
review objective approaches for model calibration, identify parameter
nonuniqueness, and quantify predictive uncertainty.
Conveners: James A Tindall, USGS, PO Box 25046 MS 413 Denver
Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046 USA, Tel: 303 236 5005, Fax:
303.236.5034, email: jtindall@usgs.gov, and Michael J Friedel, USGS, PO
Box 25046 MS 415 Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046 USA, Tel:
303.236.4882 x288, Fax: 303.236.4912, email: mfriedel@usgs.gov
H24 Assessing the Impacts of Vegetation on the
Water Balance
Vegetation plays a critical role in controlling the partitioning of
precipitation between evapotranspiration (ET), runoff, and infiltration.
This session will focus on demonstrations of the role of vegetation on
the water balance, based on field monitoring results, experimental
studies, and modeling analyses. Abstracts on various approaches for
monitoring vegetative impacts ranging from remote sensing to
ground-based techniques are encouraged. We also encourage abstracts
that describe different methods for modeling the impacts of vegetation
on the hydrologic cycle at various scales ranging from land surface
climate models, watershed models, and unsaturated zone models. Finally,
abstracts that quantify the role of vegetation in groundwater recharge,
waste containment (ET covers), regional water balance, contaminant
remediation, and system response to climate change are particularly
encouraged.
Conveners: Bridget R Scanlon, University of Texas at Austin,
Pickle Res. Campus, Bldg. 130 10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA,
Tel: 512 471 8241, Fax: 512 471 0140, email:
bridget.scanlon@beg.utexas.edu, and Michelle A Walvoord, USGS, Denver
Fed. Center Box 25046, MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303 236
4998, Fax: (303) 236-5034, email: walvoord@usgs.gov
H25 Hydrologic Flow Near the Earth's Surface
Over the last 30 years, Jean-Yves Parlange's contributions to
hydrologic science have been remarkable in both breadth and depth. From
infiltration theory to wetting front instability, and from groundwater
flow to surface runoff, his insights, mathematical models, and
predictions have provided the fundamental basis to major current areas
of hydrologic science. In addition, his generous spirit in sharing
research ideas and recognizing the contributions of coworkers is
renowned. We encourage abstracts in this session that demonstrate the
continuing influence of his work in both unsaturated flow processes
(preferential flow, infiltration theory, hysteresis) and free surface
flows (unconfined aquifers, runoff and overland flows, and soil erosion).
Conveners: David A DiCarlo, USDA-ARS, National Sedimentation
Laboratory 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MI 38655 USA, Tel: 662-281-5705, Fax:
662-232-2915, email: ddicarlo@ars.usda.gov, and D Andrew Barry,
University of Edinburgh, Institute for Infrastructure & Environment
School of Engineering & Electronics, Crew Building, King''s
Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL GBR, Tel: 44 (0)131 6507204, Fax: 44
(0)131 6507276, email: D.A.Barry@ed.ac.uk, and Tammo S Steenhuis,
Cornell University, Dept of Biological and Environmental Engineering,
Ithaca, NY 14853 USA, Tel: 607 255 2489, Fax: 607-255-4080, email:
tss1@cornell.edu
H26 Variable Saturation Zones: Landscape
Attributes and Sustainability of Watershed Biogeochemical Processes and
Ecological Functions
Variable saturation zones are areas of the watershed subject to
seasonal inundation by rising water levels. These water saturated zones
shrink in the dry season and gradually expand through the wet season,
creating a cycle of surface inundation that drives watershed
biogeochemical cycling and transport processes. The temporal/spatial
dynamic of these saturated zones is fundamental in sustaining certain
ecological functions (e.g., maintaining a healthy hydroperiod for
natural and constructed wetlands, sustaining fish and wading bird
habitat, and providing sediments and saturation excess runoff). We
encourage contributions in the hydrology of variable saturation zones
that answer key questions like, How do changes in landscape attributes
impact the hydroperiod of variable saturation zones? What biogeochemical
activities are stimulated in these zones? What ecological functions can
be impaired/enhanced by altering their hydroperiod? We expect this
interdisciplinary session to blend presentations in soil and surface
hydrology, geochemistry, biology, and ecology.
Conveners: Mahmood H Nachabe, University of South Florida,
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 4202 E. Fowler Ave,
ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA, Tel: (813) 974-5837, Fax: (813) 974-2957,
email: nachabe@eng.usf.edu, and Michel C Boufadel, Temple University,
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Philadelphia, PA
19122 USA, Tel: 215 204 7871, Fax: (215) 204-6936, email:
boufadel@temple.edu
H27 Surface Water Hydrology and Water Resources
(POSTER)
The study of surface water hydrology focuses on partitioning of water
fluxes and reservoirs at the Earth's surface. Research in this field is
generally applied to a range of subjects including water resources
management, flood forecasting, geomorphology, ecological interactions,
water quality, and atmospheric interactions. Concerns at a range of
scales from individual hillslopes to local influences on global
teleconnections and from individual thunderstorm events to persistent
droughts make spatial and temporal scaling issues in surface water
hydrology a lively subject. Similarly, debates on fundamental modeling
issues such as calibration, predictability, and model structure seldom
want for lack of discussion. The ever-increasing range of methods to
measure the movement of water through various reservoirs, including
classical hydrometric and more recent tracer methods, provide fuel for
the discussions. Unfortunately, there are seldom enough sessions to
fully cover such a range of topics at any given meeting, and we
encourage submission of abstracts for posters on surface water subjects
not covered by other Fall Meeting sessions.
Conveners: Jennifer M Jacobs, University of Florida, Civil and
Coastal Engineering 345 Weil Hall , Gainesville, FL 32611-6580 USA, Tel:
352 846 0606, Fax: (352) 392-3394, email: jjaco@ce.ufl.edu, and Charles
H Luce, USDA Forest Service, Boise Aquatic Sciences Lab 316 E. Myrtle
St, Boise, ID 83702 USA, Tel: 208 373 4382, Fax: 208-373-4391, email:
cluce@rmci.net
H28 Observations and Modeling of Land Surface
Hydrological Processes
Numerous studies have resulted in observations from field experiments
to study the dynamics of land surface behavior; numerical modeling of
the evolution of land surface response to solar heating and
precipitation; the comparison of simulations to observed quantities from
field experiments; and the use of satellite remote sensing data to both
drive and validate hydrological models. It is widely believed that the
combination of field observations and satellite data with hydrological
models through data assimilation or other procedures will produce
improved estimates of hydrologic fluxes and energy budgets, soil
moisture, runoff, streamflow, surface temperature, and latent, sensible
ground heat, and net radiation fluxes. Abstracts on the above topics
are encouraged.
Conveners: Venkat Lakshmi, University of South Carolina, 701
Sumter Street, Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia, SC 29208
USA, Tel: 803 777 3552, Fax: 803-777-6684, email: venkat-lakshmi@sc.edu,
and Anthony Cahill, Texas A & M, 3136 TAMU Department of Civil
Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-3136 USA, Tel: 979-862-3858,
Fax: : 979-862-1542, email: tcahill@civilmail.tamu.edu
H29 Hydrologic Predictions in Ungauged Basins:
PUB
The important test in understanding of hydrological processes and our
capability to model them lies in the prediction of the hydrological
response of ungauged basins. Currently, hydrologic predictions in
ungauged basins are still highly uncertain. The International
Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) has recently launched a new
10-year initiative, called the IAHS Decade for Prediction in Ungauged
Basins (PUB), to address this problem. Several meetings and workshops
this year have been used to define the science agenda for PUB and the
elements such an agenda should contain. The questions being addressed
in this session are as follows: (1) What are the problems, and
associated uncertainties, in current prediction methods for ungauged
basins? (2) How can we estimate and compare the performance of these
uncertain methods? (3) How can the prediction in ungauged basins be
improved through the use of new data sources such as remote sensing,
experimental field research, or the transfer of information from gauged
surrogate basins to ungauged basins? (4) What role does basin scale play
in the prediction, and prediction uncertainty, of ungauged basins,
especially those related to precipitation and runoff? This session
solicits research that addresses all aspects of the ungauged prediction
problem. It is particularly hoped that contributions address the above
listed questions through the discussion of (1) theories and/or
frameworks that show potential strengths for reducing the uncertainties
across scales and for improving model transferability and scalability;
(2) insights from past model intercomparison projects and new scientific
frameworks for evaluating the performance of existing hydrological
models; (3) illustrations of new data sources and data utilizations such
as data assimilation; and (4) case studies in various hydroclimatic
zones. The implementation of the PUB Science Plan will be also
discussed with respect to these fundamentals questions.
Conveners: Thorsten Wagener, University of Arizona, Department
of Hydrology and Water Resources Harshbarger Building, Tucson, AZ 85721
USA, Tel: (520) 626 8799, Fax: (520) 626 7770, email:
thorsten@sahra.arizona.edu, and John C Schaake, NOAA National Weather
Service, Office of Hydrology W23, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA, Fax:
(301)713-0963, email: john.schaake@noaa.gov, and Xu Liang, University
of California, Civil and Environmental Engineering 537 Davis Hall,
Berkeley, CA 94720-1710 USA, Tel: (510) 642-2648, Fax: (510) 642-7483,
email: liang@ce.berkeley.edu, and Venkat Lakshmi, University of South
Carolina, Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia, SC 29208 USA,
Tel: (803)-777-3552, Fax: (803)-777-6610, email: vlakshmi@geol.sc.edu,
and Daniel Schertzer, LMM, Universite P.& M. Curie, case 162, 4
Place Jussieu , Paris, F-75005 FRA, Tel: +33 1 4427 4963, Fax: +33 1
4427 5259, email: schertze@ccr.jussieu.fr
H30 Ecohydrological and Geochemical Processes
at the Hillslope and Watershed Scales
Surface and near-surface ecohydrological and geochemical
(biogeochemical or inorganic) processes are intimately coupled at both
the hillslope and watershed scales. Such processes can either be
physical, biological, or a combination of the two. Because of these
coupled systems, interdisciplinary approaches that embrace both the
physical and biological aspects of complex environmental problems are
sought. Abstracts are solicited on the general topic of terrestrial
ecohydrology, but we also seek to highlight measurement and modeling
studies investigating the links between ecohydrology and geochemistry at
the hillslope or watershed scales. Example topics include the influence
of landscape change on runoff, erosion, or succession; links between
processes and spatial patterns of soil water content, chemical
constituents, or vegetation; ecohydrologic controls on contaminant
transport (including degradation) or vice versa; coupled ecohydrologic
processes and nutrient cycling; improved assessments of water balance
and/or plant water use (including evaporation versus transpiration); and
studies on upscaling of ecohydrologic and/or geochemical processes from
the hillslope to the watershed scale.
Conveners: Brent D Newman, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Earth
& Environmental Sciences Division, MS J495 Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel: 505 667 3021, Fax: 505 665
3866, email: bnewman@lanl.gov, and D Scott Mackay, State University of
New York at Buffalo, Department of Geography, 105 Wilkeson Quad,
Buffalo, NY 14261 USA, Tel: 716 645 2722, email: dsmackay@buffalo.edu
H31 Hillslope Hydrologic Processes: New
Directions in Monitoring and Modeling
This session will emphasize the physical and biological mechanisms
governing the supply and movement of water and solutes through
hillslopes. Emphasis will be given to exploring and reconciling the set
of experimental observations and modeling approaches to characterize
water flux into, through, and out of hillslope systems, spatial patterns
of soil water at the hillslope scale, and scaling behavior of soil
water stores and flux from pedon to catchment scales. These can include
consideration of matric and macropore processes, infiltration and
exfiltration, and saturated/unsaturated zone interactions. Abstracts
discussing requirements and development of new instrumentation and
monitoring strategies to quantify and track flux of water and solutes
through hillslopes are solicited, as are abstracts exploring
redevelopment of modeling paradigms at the hillslope scale.
Conveners: Lawrence E Band, University of North Carolina,
CB#3220 University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA, Tel:
919-962-3921, Fax: 919-962-1537, email: lband@email.unc.edu, and Jeffrey
McDonnell, Oregon State University, Dept. of Forest Engineering,
Corvallis, OR 97331-5706 USA, Tel: 541-737-8720, Fax: 541-737-4316,
email: Jeff.McDonnell@orst.edu, and Markus Weiller, Oregon State
University, Dept. of Forest Engineering, Corvallis, OR 97331-5706 USA,
Tel: 541-737-8719, Fax: 541-737-4316, email: markus@2hydros.de
H32 Catchment Processes in the Tropics
Much of the potable water in the tropics emanates from managed forest
and agricultural lands. The quality, quantity, and timing of water from
headwater catchments is strongly influenced by land use, yet land use
interactions are poorly understood. Relative anthropogenic impacts may
be strongly associated with the spatial and temporal attributes of land
uses; however, without understanding the controls on materials
transported through and stored in headwaters, it is difficult to develop
prudent long-term management plans for larger catchments. Land use
activities pose additional environmental concerns in headwaters because
they affect the occurrence of floods and sediment hazards. Understanding
the linkages among hydrologic, sedimentation, and biogeochemical
processes in tropical catchments is necessary for the optimal
management of these water supply systems as well as for reducing the
impacts caused by flooding, landslides, and debris flows in developing
countries. Abstracts related to hydrologic, biogeochemical, and
sedimentation processes in tropical catchments are encouraged, with an
emphasis on land use interactions.
Conveners: Roy C Sidle, Kyoto University, Geohazards Division,
Gokasho, Uji, , Kyoto, 611-0011 JPN, Tel: +81-774-38-4116, Fax:
+81-774-38-4118, email: sidle@slope.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp, and Alan
Ziegler, National University of Singapore, Department of Geography, 1
Arts Link, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117570 SGP, email: thaihawk@hotmail.com
H33 Linking Lateral Hydrologic and Geomorphic
Processes to Space-time Scaling Behavior in the Near-Surface Environment
(POSTER)
Space-time variabilities in soils, soil water, chemical constituents,
and vegetation have been observed and documented, and their patterns
have been quantified using various methods. Although the methods for
measurement and data analysis have continued to improve, progress toward
developing useful, universal scaling relationships has been limited. A
lack of knowledge remains concerning causal relationships between
hydrologic/geomorphic/meteorologic processes acting over a range of
timescales across interacting land areas and the resulting scaling
behaviors of landscape variables, particularly in the near surface.
Landscape topography affects and interacts with these physical
processes, such that surface topographic attributes are cross correlated
with the properties and state variables of interest. In fact, these
properties and variables may display scaling behavior similar to
certain topographic indices, but our understanding of the mechanisms
remains interpretive and uncertain. Topics of interest include
processes such as interactive infiltration and runoff-runon over
surfaces with microtopography; coupled overland and subsurface variably
saturated flow at hillslope scales; hydrologic and geomorphic
interactions over watershed areas and soil development timescales; and
event to seasonal timescale spatial variability in rainfall-runoff and
transport processes over a range of spatial domains. Field experiments,
numerical simulations, and their joint methods of investigation are
welcome.
Conveners: Timothy Richard Green, USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems
Research Unit PO Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80525 USA, Tel: 970-490-8335,
Fax: : 970-490-8310, email: Tim.Green@ars.usda.gov, and Jorge A Ramirez,
Colorado State University, Dept. of Civil Engineering B119 Engineering,
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372 USA, Tel: 970-491-7621, Fax: 970-491-7727,
email: ramirez@engr.colostate.edu
H34 Use of Remotely Sensed Boundary Conditions
in Land Surface Modeling
NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua satellite platforms,
USGS’s Landsat, NOAA’s AVHRR and GOES satellite programs, as well as
satellites available through private enterprises (e.g., IKONOS) can
provide land surface modelers with a wide variety of remote
sensing-based information on land use/land cover, fractional vegetation
cover and snow cover, leaf area, surface temperature, and surface
moisture. Whether using a predictive model with forecasted surface
states or part of an operational system using measured state variables,
the availability of remotely sensed surface data at high and low
temporal and spatial resolutions provide unique capabilities for
land-atmosphere flux modeling and monitoring. In particular, major
efforts are now under way exploring the utility of integrating remotely
sensed surface states using data assimilation techniques in atmospheric
and hydrologic models. This session will provide a forum for presenting
efforts to merge remotely sensed boundary conditions with land surface
models in order to compute spatially distributed fluxes at large scales
and potentially improve the reliability of model computations either
diagnostically or in a prognostic/predictive mode using data
assimilation techniques. We are also soliciting work on integrating
remote sensing-based information with large eddy simulation (LES). The
LES technique has emerged as a useful tool for exploring impacts of land
surface heterogeneity on the atmospheric boundary layer. However, the
fluxes have not traditionally been allowed to develop dynamically with
surface and overlying air states until recently in the implementation
of a framework for merging remotely sensed land surface data into an
LES model. A Frontiers in Hydrological Sciences Lecture to be given by
Dr. John Albertson on new opportunities in understanding
surface-atmosphere coupling using an LES-remote sensing-based framework
is being proposed. This lecture should have wide appeal in the
Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeosciences, and Hydrology Sections.
Conveners: William P Kustas, USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote
Sensing Lab 10300 Baltimore Avenue Bldg. 007 BARC-West, Beltsville, MD
20705-2350 USA, Tel: 301-504-8498, Fax: 301-504-8931, email:
bkustas@hydrolab.arsusda.gov, and Wade Crow, USDA-ARS, Hydrology and
Remote Sensing Lab 10300 Baltimore Avenue Bldg. 007 BARC-West ,
Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 USA, Tel: 301-504-6847, Fax: 301-504-8931,
email: wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov
H35 Early Results From NASA's EOS Aqua
Spacecraft Mission
NASA's Aqua satellite was launched on 4 May, 2002, carrying on board
six distinct Earth observing instruments: an Atmospheric Infrared
Sounder (AIRS), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and two Clouds and the
Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments, all provided by the
United States, plus an Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the
Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), provided by the National Space
Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), and a Humidity Sounder for Brazil
(HSB), provided by the Brazilian Institute for Space Research. All six
instruments have returned high-quality data, and scientists from around
the world have been analyzing these data for information about the
global water cycle and other elements of the Earth's climate system.
This Aqua session is an opportunity for scientists who are using the
Aqua data to present their results and for AGU attendees to hear and see
a variety of what is being done with the Aqua data.
Conveners: Claire L Parkinson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
Code 971,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel:
301-614-5715, Fax: 301-614-5644, email: Claire.L.Parkinson@nasa.gov,
and Steven M Graham, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 900,
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-5561, Fax: 301-614-6530, email:
steven.m.graham.2@gsfc.nasa.gov
H36 Water Quality of Hydrologic Systems (POSTER)
Water quality is determined by complex interactions of hydrological,
geochemical, and biological processes. Poster presentations are
encouraged on all aspects of water quality, ranging from field and
laboratory studies to modeling approaches. Possible topics include
behavior of naturally occurring chemical species or contaminants,
geochemical reactions and processes, tracers of water movement or solute
transport, and novel techniques of analysis or investigation.
Presentations may focus on surface or groundwater systems at any spatial
or temporal scale.
Conveners: Elizabeth W Boyer, State University of New York -
ESF, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA, Tel: 315 470 4818, Fax:
208-246-2106, email: ewboyer@syr.edu, and Michael Gooseff, Utah State
University, Department of Aquatic, Watershed, & Earth Resources,
Logan, UT 84322 USA, Tel: 435 797 1871, Fax: 208-246-2106, email:
michael.gooseff@usu.edu
H37 Designing a Network of Hydrologic
Observatories (INVITED ONLY)
The Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic
Science, Inc. (CUAHSI), has received funding from the National Science
Foundation to develop a design for a network of hydrologic
observatories, among other activities. (Further information is available
at http://www.cuahsi.org.) The observatories will be much larger (of
the order of 10,000 km^2) than traditional experimental watersheds, will
be oriented around hypothesis testing as well as characterization, and
will be professionally staffed. Routine data will be available to
everyone after it is quality assured via an observatory Web site. Such
data are expected to include not only traditional measurements such as
streamflow and chemistry, but also data such as NEXRAD radar and
remotely sensed data such as NVDI. This invited oral presentations-only
quarter-day session will cover the recent prototyping exercise conducted
on the Neuse River watershed. This exercise provides the first
estimates of the financial cost and the scientific benefit of
attempting to answer a broad range of questions in the same basin. The
session will provide information on an upcoming competition for site
assessment grants to be awarded in early 2004.
Conveners: Richard P Hooper, CUAHSI, 2000 Florida Avenue, NW,
Washington, DC 20009 USA, Tel: 202 777 7302, Fax: 202 328-0566, email:
rhooper@cuahsi.org, and Kenneth Reckhow, North Carolina State
University Campus, NC Water Resource Research Institute Box 7912,
Raleigh, NC 27695 USA, Tel: 919-515-2815, email: reckhow@duke.edu
H38 Influence of Hydrologic and Geomorphic
Processes on Surface Water Quality
A variety of hydrologic and geomorphic processes influence surface
water quality by controlling the transport of waterborne constituents
and constraining the rates of biogeochemical processes. Often bulk
water quality is of interest in studies of surface water bodies, but the
hydrologic and geomorphic processes controlling this water quality can
occur at a wide variety of spatial scales up to and including the
catchment scale. Example processes include the effect of climate and
geology on establishing fluxes at the watershed scale, the role of
groundwater residence times in controlling weathering rates, the effect
of specific hillslope flow pathways on chemical transformations,
controls on water quality expressed by watershed drainage structure, and
the role of interactions between stream and subsurface flows in
controlling redox conditions and nutrient dynamics. Contributions are
sought that utilize observational, experimental, or computational
methods to examine the effects of hydrologic and geomorphic processes on
water quality at spatial scales ranging from the microscale to the
whole-watershed scale.
Conveners: Thomas Meixner, University of California Riverside,
Department of Environmental Sciences Room 2217 Geology , Riverside, CA
92521 USA, Tel: 909 787 2356, Fax: 909.787.3993, email:
tmeixner@mail.ucr.edu, and Aaron I Packman, Northwestern University,
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering A314 Technological
Institute 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston, IL 60208 USA, Tel:
847.491.9902, Fax: 847.491.4011, email: a-packman@northwestern.edu
H39 Nitrogen Sources and Cycling in Aquatic
Systems
Globally, the cycling of nitrogen (N) is changing more rapidly than
that of any other element cycle, with significant environmental
consequences. We seek presentations for a general session focusing on N
sources, hydrologic transport, and biogeochemical transformations at
small to large watershed scales. Specific topics include, but are not
limited to, pollution of surface waters and groundwater; atmospheric
deposition of nitrogenous compounds and its effects; agricultural N
transfers; impact on coastal waters; water quality standards; and policy
developments. Further, we seek abstracts for a topical subtheme that
focuses on in-stream processes, especially denitrification and uptake by
primary producers, and their effects on transport to downstream
ecosystems. We encourage abstracts such as biotic and abiotic factors
controlling N transport; techniques for quantifying in-stream N
retention; and modeling N cycling processes from low- to high-order
streams.
Conveners: Carol Kendall, US Geological Survey, 345
Middlefield Rd. MS 434, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-4576,
Fax: 650-329-5590, email: ckendall@usgs.gov, and Richard B Alexander, US
Geological Survey, 413 National Center 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston,
VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703 648 6869, Fax: 703-648-6693, email:
ralex@usgs.gov, and Elizabeth W Boyer, State University of New York,
College of Environmental Science & Forestry 1 Forestry Drive ,
Syracuse, NY 13210 USA, Tel: 315 470 4818, Fax: 208-246-2106, email:
ewboyer@syr.edu
H40 Environmental Impacts of Coal-Bed Methane
Development
Rising energy prices and demands have led to the rapid expansion of
coal-bed methane (CBM) development in many parts of the United States.
In the Powder River Basin alone, it is anticipated that 40,000 new CBM
wells will be installed in the near future. Associated with each well
are roads, pipelines, and compressors. Development has far outpaced
research on environmental impacts. Thus there is a paucity of data with
which to predict future effects. Extraction of CBM involves the
coproduction of coal-bed water. Options for disposition of this water
include reinjection into the subsurface, storage in constructed
impoundments, discharge to streams, and land application. These options
give rise to environmental questions related to hydrology, ecology,
biogeochemistry, geomorphology, and climate change. The purpose of this
session is to bring together scientists from a variety of fields to
examine and discuss environmental issues related to CBM development.
Abstracts are solicited on, but not limited to, the following topics:
attenuation of surfacewater and groundwater quality, depletion of
groundwater resources, habitat changes, introduction of invasive
species, erosion, sediment transport, land subsidence, gas migration,
air quality, and noise pollution.
Conveners: Richard W Healy, US Geological Survey, MS 413 Box
25046 Denver Federal Center, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303-236-5392,
Fax: 303-236-5034, email: rwhealy@usgs.gov, and Richard L Smith, US
Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street Rm E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA,
Tel: 303-541-3032, Fax: 303-447-2505, email: rlsmith@usgs.gov
H41 The Effects of Best Management Practices on
Water Quality, Runoff Processes, and Sediment Transport
Best management practices (BMPs) are widely used to minimize the impact
of human activities on nearby water bodies. BMPs are commonly
implemented as part of agricultural, forestry, mining,
construction/development activities, and postfire land rehabilitation.
BMPs range from large-scale features such as riparian buffers,
constructed wetlands, and sediment basins to small-scale features such
as drainage ditches, water bars, and culverts. State and federal laws
typically require that multiple BMPs be used at a given site, and so it
is often difficult to know the effectiveness of an individual BMP. In
recent years, however, an increasing number of studies have examined the
effectiveness of BMPs in an attempt to provide feedback that can be used
to improve BMP practices. In this session we seek contributions from
studies that have examined the effectiveness of BMPs in minimizing
perturbations to water quality, runoff processes, and sediment
transport. We welcome contributions from a range of impacts including
agricultural, forestry, mining, and construction activities.
Contributions from studies of postfire BMPs and rehabilitation are
particularly welcome. We also welcome contributions from studies that
have explored how scientific information has informed or can inform BMP
policy.
Conveners: Douglas A. Burns, U.S. Geological Survey, 425 Jordan
Rd., Troy, NY 12180 USA, Tel: 518-285-5662, Fax: 518-285-5601, email:
daburns@usgs.gov, and Brian McGlynn, Montana State University, Dept.
of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences 334 Leon Johnson Hall,
Bozeman, MT 59717 USA, Tel: 406-994-7690, Fax: 406-994-3933, email:
bmcglynn@montana.edu
Hydrology also presents jointly with the following Special
Sessions:
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of
Atmospheric Gases
B03 The Relationship Between Biological Productivity and
Terrestrial Carbon Storage
B05 Biogeochemistry and Detection of Reduced Sulfur
Species in Oxic Environments
B06 The Utilization of Compound Specific Analysis in
Biogeochemistry
B07 The Effects of Forest Disturbance on Watershed
Processes: Hydrology, Soils, Biota, and Water Chemistry
B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
B10 Molecular Biogeochemical Processes of Terrestrial
Environments
B11 Environmental Assessment From the Width, Anatomy,
and Chemical Composition of Tree Rings
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and
Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B14 Estimating Terrestrial Carbon, Water, and Energy
Fluxes From Site to Region
B20 Modeling Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles in Natural
and Contaminated Systems: Linking Hydrogeological, Microbiological, and
Geochemical Processes
B23 Very High Resolution Land Cover Mapping Applications
to Resource Management
B24 Validation and Application of Land Surface Products
From the MODIS Sensor
B25 Aqueous Microbial Geochemistry
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on
Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions,
Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux
Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
B18 Ecosystem Interactions With Land-Use Change
B04 An Ecohydrological Perspective on Woody Plant
Encroachment in Semiarid Regions
G07 Geocenter: Reference Frame Definition and Influence
of Geophysical Fluids
G09 Progress in Imaging and Understanding the Surface
Deformation Field Above Reservoirs
G11 Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (ALSM): Technology,
Applications and Results
OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Past,
Present, and Future
OS08 Geological and Biogeochemical Processes in a Wet
Tropical Setting: New Guinea, Source to Sink
B17 Carbon Cycling in Northern Soils and Surface Waters
PP11 Global, Hemispheric and Regional Climate Signals
During the Last Millennium
T08 Taking the Measure of Deforming Landscapes
T15 Late Cenozoic Tectonics, Climate, and Topography in
the Central and Southern Andes
V13 U-series in Continental Environments: Soils, River,
and Ground Waters
AE03 Lightning, Meteorology and Climate
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite
(ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive,
Translator, and Facilitator
C02 Advances in Glacier Geophysics
C05 Snow Cover and Biogeochemical Cycling
C07 CLPX: Cold Lands Processes Field Experiment
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
C06 Monitoring, Measuring, and Modeling Snow Processes
(POSTER)
GC01 Reconstructing Hydroclimatic Variability in North
America: Progress, Methods, and Uncertainties
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and
Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
NG03 Geomorphologic Organization and Its Physical Basis
B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic Composition of
the Atmosphere
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of
Ecosystem Change
B26 Land Use Impacts on Trace Gas Exchanges: BATREX
Contribution to New Global Change Science Agenda
OS02 Changes in the Fresh Water Budget of the Ocean
From Decades to Centuries
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North
America
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates
C08 Glaciers and Ice Sheets
Ocean Sciences
OS00 General Ocean Sciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Ocean Sciences, including the
science, engineering, administration or policy aspects, may be submitted
to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of
the approved, preorganized Ocean Sciences sessions. The Ocean Sciences
section includes a diverse collection of marine related topics, from a
broad range of disciplines including but not limited to biological
oceanography, marine geochemistry, marine geology and geophysics and
physical oceanography. Areas studied vary from coastal regions to the
deep sea, using techniques ranging from remote sensors to autonomous
instruments to instrumentation on ships to numerical modeling. These
contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and either
assigned to an existing session or formed into new sessions based on the
content of the abstracts received.
Conveners: Molly O. Baringer, NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway,
Miami, FL 33149 USA, Tel: 305-361-4345, email: molly.baringer@noaa.gov
OS01 Progress in Tsunami Research and
Mitigation
During the decade of 1990-2000, eighty-two tsunamis were reported,
including 11 destructive ones that killed 4600 people. Extensive survey
data from these events have led to better understanding of the effects
of tsunami forces. These data have also been used to improve models of
tsunami generation, propagation, and run-up which in turn have led to
the development of new technologies to estimate tsunami flooding for
coastal areas and to measure tsunamis in the deep ocean, a prerequisite
for tsunami forecasting. These technologies have aided mitigation
efforts by identifying hazard areas from which evacuation plans can be
developed and by applying novel ways to warn coastal residents to
evacuate the coast.
Conveners: Eddie N. Bernard, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA, Tel:
2065266800, Fax: 2065264576, email: eddie.n.bernard@noaa.gov, and Costas
Synolakis, University of Southern California, 3620 St. Vermont Ave.,
Room 220, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA, Tel: 2137400613, Fax: 2137441426,
email: costas@usc.edu
OS02 Changes in the Fresh Water Budget of the
Ocean From Decades to Centuries
The recent analyses of hydrographic data revealed dramatic changes in
heat and fresh water content during the past 5 decades through the
entire water column in the major ocean basins. Particularly, the
volumetric census of the subpolar North Atlantic suggests an average
addition of 4 m of fresh water to the water column between the 1960s and
1990s (with up to 6 m in the central region of the Labrador Sea where
intense winter convection occurs). Observations and models also show
that the fresh water content in the Arctic Ocean has decreased by about
20,000 km^3 during last 50 years. This surplus of fresh water was
partially imported to the North Atlantic, serving as a major source of
the subpolar freshening. Contrasting with the subpolar regions, the
upper water column at the low latitudes became saltier and warmer over
the past few decades. Similar patterns of the long-term change are seen
in the Indo-Pacific and Southern Oceans. The observed changes of the
heat and fresh water content could be caused partially by the
redistribution of heat and salt in the ocean alone due to changes in the
circulation. However, the similarity in the patterns of the long-term
change in different oceans suggests that there was a common cause to the
global redistribution of fresh water and also implies the
intensification in the hydrological cycle over the recent decades. We
encourage abstracts revealing the sources and nature of the changes in
the ocean from decades to centuries, looking in the magnitude,
prediction, environmental implications, and possible consequences of the
changes (including the impacts on sea level and circulation). The
session will cover other components of the hydrological cycle (e.g.,
atmosphere, rivers, ice, etc.) and span from regional studies to global
summaries. The session will also provide a forum for comparisons of
regional and global models with observations.
Conveners: Igor Yashayaev, Bedford Institute of Oceanography,
1 Challenger Drive, P.O.Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2 CAN, Tel: (902)
426-9963, Fax: (902) 426-3711, email: yashayaevi@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca, and
Andrey Proshutinsky, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS#29, 360
Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: 508-289-2796, Fax:
508-457-2181, email: aproshutinsky@whoi.edu, and Bob Dickson, Centre
for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road,
Lowestoft Suffolk, NR33 OHT GBR, Tel: (44) 1502-524282, Fax: (44) 1502
513865, email: r.r.dickson@cefas.co.uk, and Raymond W. Schmitt, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS#29, 360 Woods Hole Road,, Woods
Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: (508) 289-2426, Fax: (508) 457-2181, email:
rschmitt@whoi.edu
OS03 Oceanography of the Tropical Atlantic
THIS SESSION HAS BEEN CANCELED.
OS04 Late Pleistocene and Holocene
Paleoceanographic Variability Along the Pacific Margin of North America
In recent years, several high-resolution cores have been retrieved from
the western margin of North America. These are allowing new insights
about climate history to be developed. In particular, about 24 Giant
Piston cores were collected in June 2002 during the IMAGES VIII cruise,
between Vancouver Island and Panama Basin. They are allowing climatic
and oceanographic changes to be deciphered on decadal to millennial
timescales over periods ranging from 10,000 to about 200,000 years.
Recent research has shown that the accumulation rate of organic matter
in the upper-and lower-slope sediments of the western margins of the
Americas has changed dramatically on timescales ranging from decades to
tens of millennia. In conjunction with records of numerous associated or
independent proxies, such observations are important on many levels.
They permit links to be drawn between climate variations and ecosystem
shifts; they illustrate variability in water mass distribution and
structure in the ocean; they contribute to the construction of
global-scale climate records and the understanding of the relationships
between climate forcing and effects; and they yield insight into the
magnitude and direction of exchange of climatically important gases
between ocean and atmosphere. We anticipate that abstracts will be
submitted to the proposed session that present high-resolution
reconstructions of geologically recent changes of the California
Current, California Undercurrent, and associated upwelling systems
between the Panama Basin and the Gulf of Alaska. The session will deal
with specific aspects of the paleoceanography of the eastern Pacific
such as denitrification, anoxia, laminated sediments, primary
production, upwelling dynmics, and past variability of El Niño.
Conveners: Luc Beaufort, CEREGE/CNRS, Europole de
l'Árbois BP 80, Aix-en-Provence, 13545 c04 FRA, Tel: (33) 442 97
15 71, Fax: (33) 442 97 15 95, email: beaufort@cerege.fr, and T. F.
Pedersen, University of Victoria, Petch 168 P.O. Box 3055 STN CSC,
Victoria, V8W 306 CAN, Tel: (250) 721-6120, Fax: (250)721-6200, email:
tfp@uvic.ca, and Maria-Luisa Machin-Castillo, UNAM, , Mexico, MEX,
email: machain@icmyl.unam.mx
OS05 Sedimentation on European Margins
EuroSTRATAFORM is a joint European and North American initiative to
explore the fate of sediment particles in shallow deltas, continental
shelves, and deeper margin settings. Importance is placed on scaling
short-term dynamical processes across longer time and space scales. The
project consists of applying concentrated observations of oceanographic
events and their impact on sediment transport and accumulation, coring
and drilling key locales to calibrate and understand three-dimensional
acoustic and seismic structures, and the modeling of these processes and
stratigraphy at varied time and space scales. This session will bring
together international scientists contributing to the effort and others
whose comparative studies complement the initiative.
Conveners: James P. Syvitski, Institute of Arctic and Alpine
Research, University of Colorado 1560 30th Street , Boulder, CO 80309
USA, Tel: 303-492-7909, Fax: 303-492-3287, email:
James.Syvitski@Colorado.edu, and Charles A. Nittrouer, School of
Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, Tel:
206-543-5099, Fax: 206-543-6073, email: nittroue@ocean.washington.edu
OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic
Oscillations, Past, Present, and Future
The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations are highly correlated and
known to have an impact on climate variability from America to Europe
through both atmospheric and oceanic processes. There is considerable
interest in the paleoclimatic evidence for these oscillations. Despite
recent modeling efforts and attempts to reconstruct this phenomenon over
the last millennium, we still do not understand its cause or have a
firm grip on its periodicity over more than the last century. The
purpose of this session is to bring together atmospheric scientists,
oceanographers, and paleoceanographers to discuss what is known and
where the directions of future research lie regarding this important
climate phenomenon. Abstracts on all aspects of the Arctic and North
Atlantic Oscillations, and their past, present, or future guises and
ramifications are encouraged.
Conveners: Dennis A. Darby, Old Dominion University, Dept. of
Ocean, Earth, & Atmospheric Sciences, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA, Tel:
757-683-4701, Fax: 757-683-5303, email: ddarby@odu.edu, and Lawrence
Mysak, Dept. of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences, McGill University,
Montreal, H3A 2K6 CAN, Tel: 514-398-3768, email:
mysak@zephyr.meteo.mcgill.ca
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural
Gas Hydrate From Around the Globe
Methane and related natural gases have been identified in marine,
inland sea, and permafrost settings around the globe, both as free gas
and within natural gas hydrates. From continental margin settings to
the deepest ocean basins, methane is evidenced by the presence of bottom
simulating seismic reflectors, velocity anomalies, thermal anomalies,
geochemical signatures, and thriving biological communities. This
methane system is of direct societal significance, as it plays a role
in global climate change and geologic hazards and also represents a
potential energy resource. This broadly inclusive AGU session solicits
contributions that address the generation, detection, characterization,
quantification, and/or implications of natural gas hydrate deposits.
Studies of methane hydrate in deep water settings are particularly
encouraged. Modeling and laboratory studies aimed at the quantitative
interpretation of field observations are also particularly welcomed.
The aim of this session is to bring together the many disciplines
involved in hydrate studies, thereby providing a meeting focus for the
natural gas and gas hydrates research community. This session will be
coordinated with the more site-focused one on Gas Hydrates in
Accretionary Complexes (convener: A. Trehu). Conveners will be happy
to guide relevant contributions to their most appropriate session.
Conveners: Ginger A. Barth, U.S. Geological Survey, 345
Middlefield Rd MS 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-5329, Fax:
650-329-5190, email: gbarth@usgs.gov, and David W. Scholl, U.S.
Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd. Ms 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA,
Tel: 650-329-4762, Fax: 650-329-5190, email: dscholl@usgs.gov
OS08 Geological and Biogeochemical Processes
in a Wet Tropical Setting: New Guinea, Source to Sink
The dominant transfer of particulate and dissolved components on the
Earth's surface occurs in wet tropical settings. Among these settings,
the islands of the Indo-Pacific Archipelago are very important. Intense
research has started in association with the largest island, New Guinea.
This session represents an opportunity for international scientists
working in both the source areas on land and the sink areas of the
ocean to present and integrate their research. This will include
studies of hydrology, geomorphology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, and
organic/inorganic geochemistry that define the processes extending from
fluvial environments to the continental margin.
Conveners: Robert C. Aller, Stony Brook University, Marine
Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA, Tel: 631-632-8746,
Fax: 631-632-8820, email: raller@notes.cc.sunysb.edu, and Charles A.
Nittrouer, University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA
98195 USA, Tel: 206-543-5099, Fax: 206-543-6073, email:
nittroue@ocean.washington.edu
OS09 Gas Hydrates in Accretionary Complexes
The year 2002 was marked by several cruises focused on studying gas
hyrates in accretionary complexes, including ODP Leg 204 to Hydrate
Ridge, offshore Oregon. In this session we seek to bring together
researchers from a broad range of disciplines to further our
understanding of the processes that control formation and dissociation
of gas hydrates in this environment. We encourage presentations of new
data and of modeling efforts that incorporate constraints from the new
data. This session will be coordinated with a related session on the
global occurrence of gas hydrates to provide a forum for furthering
research on naturally occurring gas hydrates.
Conveners: Anne M. Trehu, Oregon State University, USA, email:
trehu@coas.oregonstate.edu, and Joel E. Johnson, Oregon State
University, USA, email: jjohnson@coas.oregonstate.edu
OS10 Recent Advances in Understanding
Submarine Environments and the Future of Submergence Research and
Facilities
The use of occupied submersibles and remotely operated vehicles
provides a mechanism by which marine geologists, biologists, and
geochemists can perform field work in extreme environments, collect
samples, run experiments, and establish observatories on the seafloor
and in the water column. This session will highlight recent advances in
marine studies as pertains to systems investigated with submergence
assets including ridge crest studies, convergent and passive margin
studies, and research in the water column. Presentations on upgrades to
existing vehicles and projected uses for the future will provide
attendees with up-to-date information on the state of the art in
submergence vehicles and systems. There will also be an opportunity for
scientists to exchange feedback with other users of these vehicles and
systems and with facility operators.
Conveners: Patricia Fryer, University of Hawaii,
SOEST/Planetary Geosciences 2525 Correa Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822 USA,
Tel: 808-956-3146, Fax: 808-956-6322, email: pfryer@hawaii.edu, and
Daniel Fornari, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Geology &
Geophysics Dept. MS #22 , Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: (508) 289-2857,
Fax: (508) 457-2187, email: dfornari@whoi.edu
OS11 Identifying Submarine Landslide Time of
Failure
Submarine landslides are now recognized as significant mass movement
and tsunami hazards. While marine geology techniques for identifying
submarine landslides are well established, there remains considerable
uncertainty with regard to the time of failure. Given the general
absence of submarine landslide detection instruments, the only way to
assess the involvement of a submarine landslide in a given natural
disaster is to identify the time of failure with reasonable accuracy.
We consider a wide range of interdisciplinary techniques that can assist
in determining the time of failure. These methods/approaches include:
morphological or depositional, biological, geothermal, radioisotope,
geotechnical, fluid expulsion, seismic and acoustic, and water wave
observation. We attempt to demonstrate the specific roles for different
types of sampling, instrumentation, and observation.
Conveners: David R Tappin, British Geological Survey, Kingsley
Dunham Centre Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG GBR, Tel: 44 (0)115
9363449, Fax: 44 (0)115 9363200, email: drta@bgs.ac.uk, and Philip
Watts, Applied Fluids Engineering, Inc., Private Mail Box #237 5710 E.
7th Street, Long Beach, CA 90803 USA, Tel: 562-498-9407, Fax:
562-498-9407, email: phil.watts@appliedfluids.com
Ocean Sciences also presents jointly with the following
Special Sessions:
PP13 Rapid Climate Change during the Holocene and Last
Glacial
U02 The Contributions of 20 Years of Scientific Ocean
Drilling
A15 Ocean/Atmospheric Modeling
A02 Biogenic Reactive Trace Compounds and Their Role in
Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
A03 Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Critical Estuary
Habitats: The Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE)
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of
Atmospheric Gases
B05 Biogeochemistry and Detection of Reduced Sulfur
Species in Oxic Environments
B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
B12 From Mantle to Microbe: Ridge2000 Research and
Progress
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and
Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B20 Modeling Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles in Natural
and Contaminated Systems: Linking Hydrogeological, Microbiological, and
Geochemical Processes
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical
Cycles
B25 Aqueous Microbial Geochemistry
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on
Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions,
Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux
Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
G07 Geocenter: Reference Frame Definition and Influence
of Geophysical Fluids
G08 Use of Observations and Models of the Atmosphere and
Oceans in Geodesy and Geodynamics
G12 Insights Into the Earthquake Cycle
GP01 Magnetic Interpretation: Continental to Planetary
Scales
H20 Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP)
H35 Early Results From NASA's EOS Aqua Spacecraft Mission
H39 Nitrogen Sources and Cycling in Aquatic Systems
PP04 Nature and Causes of Cyclicity in Mesozoic and
Paleogene Paleoclimate Records
PP07 Evolution of the Antarctic Climate System:
Modeling and Observation
PP09 Effects of Sediment Dynamics on Marine Paleorecords
PP10 The Last Interglacial
A11 Integrating Aerosol Measurements and Models
T10 Structure and Dynamics of Oceanic Upper Mantle
V02 The Growth and Collapse of Hawaiian Volcanoes
V10 Crustal and Mantle Processes in Ophiolites and Ocean
Crust Generation
V03 Melting of the Mantle and Formation of Basalt
Magmas: Experiments, Field Studies, and Models
V12 The Origins of Hot Spots, LIPS, Seamount Chains and
Volcanic Ridges
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite
(ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C02 Advances in Glacier Geophysics
C04 Ice-Ocean Interactions and the Cryosphere
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
C10 Fracture Processes in Glacier Ice
C11 International Polar Year 2007-2008
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and
Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
PA01 Oceanographic Research and Marine Mammals
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic Composition of
the Atmosphere
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of
Ecosystem Change
PP06 Paleoproductivity, Proxies, and Preservation:
Records of Neogene Evolution of the Oceans
A14 A Quarter Century of Satellite Measurements by TOMS
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North
America
NG01 Visualization, Analysis, and Distributed Computing
in Nonlinear Geosciences
NG04 Fractals, Chaos, and SOC in Natural and
Human-Induced Hazards
PP03 Mezosoic Black Shales: Fresh Looks at an Old
Problem
ED03 Enhancing K-12 Earth Science Education Through
Partnership
ED06 Education and Outreach Efforts of Major Research
Facilities and Organizations
ED07 The GLOBE Program: What Has and Has Not Worked
Well in the Past and Where Should It Go in the Future?
ED09 Building Strong Geoscience Departments: Examples
That Work
ED12 Fixing the Holes in the Leaky Pipeline (POSTER)
ED16 The Benefits and Challenges of Education and
Public Outreach Efforts Associated With Scientific Research Programs
ED18 Exploiting the Electronic Media to Communicate
Science (POSTER)
ED24 Scholarly Journals in the Digital Age
PP02 Southern Ocean Climatic Evolution: The Marine
Geologic Record
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates
C08 Glaciers and Ice Sheets
Planetary Sciences
P00 General Planetary Sciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Planetary Sciences may be
submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit
into one of the approved, preorganized Planetary Sciences sessions.
General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and
sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
Planetary Sciences encompasses both basic research into how planets work
as well as the planning and implementation of space missions for
exploration and discovery. Those interested in characterizing the
current properties of the known planets and developing an understanding
of the formation and diverse evolution of planetary systems (core,
mantle, crust, surface, hydrosphere, atmosphere, exosphere, rings, and
satellites) should submit an abstract. The varied manifestation of
planetary processes (volcanism, tectonics, impact cratering, geochemical
evolution) continues to challenge our formulation of geophysical
principles.
Conveners: Martha S. Gilmore, Wesleyan University, Department of
Earth and Environmental Science 265 Church Street, Middletown, CT 06459
USA, Tel: 860-685-3129, Fax: 860-685-3651, email: mgilmore@wesleyan.edu
P01 Geological Evidence for Recent Climate
Change on Mars
New spacecraft data have revealed both high-resolution and synoptic
views of the geology of Mars at a scale at which evidence for recent
climate change can be detected, documented, and compared to general
circulation and climate models. At the same time, general circulation
models of the atmosphere of Mars are maturing so that atmospheric water
vapor mobility and longer-term orbital parameter changes can be
assessed. In this session, abstracts treating the geological evidence
for recent climate change on Mars will be highlighted together with
atmosphere and climate models that make predictions as to their
geological consequences.
Conveners: James W. Head, Brown University, Dept. of Geological
Sciences 324 Brook Street Box 1846 , Providence, RI 02912 USA, Tel:
401-863-2526, Fax: 401-863-3978, email: James_Head_III@brown.edu, and
John F. Mustard, Brown University, Dept. of Geological Sciences 324
Brook Street Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA, Tel: 401-863-1264,
Fax: 401-863-3978, email: John_Mustard@brown.edu, and Robert Haberle,
NASA Ames Research Center, Space Sciences Division MS 245-3 , Moffett
Field, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650-604-5491, email: Robert.M.Haberle@nasa.gov
P02 Life in the Martian Regolith, Present and
Past
Observational evidence from spacecraft, laboratory studies, and
numerical models suggest the possible periodic occurrence of unfrozen
water in the Martian regolith. The 10^5 year periodicity of
obliquity-driven insolation variations, and possible occurrence of
unfrozen water on that time scale raise the question whether under these
conditions dormant, or even active life is possible, and if so, where to
search for it. This session will address the state and history of
unfrozen water in the Martian regolith, the biology of terrestrial
extremophiles, survival of bacteria in ancient salt deposits, and
permafrost ecology, as well as the alternate question: what kind of
fossil signatures of a more abundant life on early Mars could have been
preserved, and how should a search for them be conducted?
Conveners: Aaron P. Zent, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3,
Moffett Field, CA 94062 USA, Tel: 650-604-5517, Fax: 650-604-6779,
email: Aaron.P.Zent@nasa.gov, and Imre Friedmann, Florida State
University, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94062 USA, email:
ifriedmann@mail.arc.nasa.gov
P03 The Asteroid Impact Hazard: Moving Beyond
Spaceguard
This session reviews a decade of progress and highlights current
challenges of the asteroid impact hazard. The most important impact
hazard, that associated with asteroids 1 km or larger, is currently
being addressed by the highly successful Spaceguard Survey; one purpose
of this session is to review these survey programs and assess progress
toward meeting the Spaceguard Goal of 90% completeness by the end of
2008. We are now looking toward the next step, which could include
extending the survey to smaller asteroids. The National Research Council
has recommended the construction of a large synoptic survey telescope
(LSST) in part to accomplish this goal. One key issue in assessing the
value of such an extended survey is the danger from tsunami caused by
the impact of subkilometer asteroids. Also under consideration are a
variety of technologies that could be used to deflect asteroids on a
collision course with Earth. This session examines the rationale for
surveying smaller asteroids and the technologies available for this
purpose. We also consider the scientific issues for defense mitigation
techniques. This is the appropriate moment to asses where we are and
plan for the next steps in addressing the impact hazard.
Conveners: David Morrison, NASA Ames, M/S 240-1, Mt View, CA
94035 USA, Tel: 650 604 5094, Fax: 650 604 4251, email:
david.morrison@nasa.gov, and Alan W Harris, Space Science Institute,
4603 Orange Knoll Ave., La Canada, CA 91011 USA, Tel: 818 790 8291,
email: harrisaw@colorado.edu
P04 Faulting and Fault-Related Processes on
Planetary Surfaces
Faulting and fault-related deformation, including tilted fault blocks
and grabens, folds, strike-slip, and thrust structures, and dilatant
fractures, are recognized on many planets and satellites. Faulting is
known or suspected to influence processes such as subsidence, surface
collapse, and the formation of pit craters, dike injection, movement and
accumulation of water and ice, seismicity, heat flow, mineralization,
hydrothermal alteration, and magnetization. This session seeks to
explore the relationships between faulting and these processes.
Abstracts are solicited on analyses and implications of fault systems on
solar system bodies.
Conveners: David A. Ferrill, CNWRA, Southwest Research
Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd., San Antonio, TX 78238-5166 USA, Tel: (210)
522-6082, Fax: (210) 522-5155, email: dferrill@swri.edu, and Richard A.
Schultz, University of Nevada, Reno, Mackay School of Mines/172 , Reno,
NV 89557-0138 USA, Tel: (775) 784-4318, Fax: (775) 784-1833, email:
schultz@mines.unr.edu, and Robert T. Pappalardo, University of Colorado,
Boulder, Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences Department &
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Campus Box 392 (Duane,
Room D-137), Boulder, CO 80309-0392 USA, Tel: (303) 492-6423, Fax: (801)
382-3986, email: robert.pappalardo@colorado.edu
P05 Latest Results From Mars Odyssey
Mars Odyssey has been collecting science data at Mars since February
2002. Instruments are returning visible and thermal images and
measurements of gamma ray and neutron planetary fluxes and are detecting
charged particles for human health risk. Abstracts in this session will
provide the latest results from this newest Mars observatory.
Conveners: Jeffrey Plaut, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak
Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel: 818-393-3799, Fax: 818-354-0966,
email: Jeffrey.J.Plaut@jpl.nasa.gov, and David Senske, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel:
818-393-7775, Fax: 818-393-3035, email: dsenske@jpl.nasa.gov
P06 Science Rationale for the Jupiter Icy Moons
Orbiter Mission
NASA is developing plans for an ambitious mission to orbit three
planet-sized moons of Jupiter—Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa—which may
harbor vast oceans beneath their icy surfaces. The mission, called the
Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO), would orbit each of these moons for
extensive investigations of their makeup, their history, and their
potential for sustaining life. This session will examine surface and
interior processes of the Galilean satellites, the Jupiter environment
and the Jovian atmosphere with emphasis on our current state of
knowledge, and investigations that should be targeted by JIMO.
Conveners: Ronald Greeley, Arizona State University,
Department of Geological Sciences Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 USA,
Tel: 480-965-7045, Fax: 480-965-8102, email: greeley@asu.edu, and
Torrence Johnson, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,
Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel: 818 393 7957, Fax: 818 393 3035, email:
Torrence.V.Johnson@jpl.nasa.gov, and David Senske, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel:
818-393-7775, Fax: 818-393-3035, email: dsenske@jpl.nasa.gov, and
Colleen Hartman, NASA Headquarters, USA, email:
colleen.hartman@hq.nasa.gov, and Curt Neibur, NASA Headquarters, , ,
USA, email: Curt.Niebur@nasa.gov
P07 The Surface Composition of Mars: An
Integrated Picture From Orbital, Telescopic, and in Situ Observations
Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey continue to provide a steady
stream of data on the nature of Martian surface materials that
complement data from past orbital missions, telescopic observations, in
situ analyses, and the Martian meteorites. Only by combining these data
sets will it be possible to create an integrated picture of the Martian
surface and its history. Because these data sets examine Mars at
different spatial scales and with different penetration depths, they
provide complementary, but not always apparently consistent,
information. The scientific community is now in a good position to
integrate the results from these data sets and address the implications
of the similarities and differences that exist between them, taking into
consideration the differences in the measurements. Abstracts involving
research that utilizes multiple data sets from past and present orbital
instruments, telescopic observations, in situ analyses, and the Martian
meteorites are welcome.
Conveners: Victoria E. Hamilton, University of Hawaii, Hawaii
Institute of Geophysics and Planetology 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI
96822 USA, Tel: 808-956-3152, Fax: 808-956-6322, email:
hamilton@higp.hawaii.edu, and Michelle E. Minitti, Arizona State
University, Department of Geological Sciences Box 871404, Tempe, AZ
85287-1404 USA, Tel: 480-727-6664, email: michelle.minitti@asu.edu
P08 Applications of Planetary Radars
Radar has become an important tool in the investigation of planetary
surfaces and subsurfaces. From early studies of the Earth with airborne
and spaceborne radars to the mapping of Venus by Magellan and the
planned sounding of Mars by MARSIS and Sharad, radar data have provided
a vision complementary to other remote sensing techniques. This session
will combine descriptions and definitions of opportunities on upcoming
missions (e.g., Jupiter Icy Moon Orbiter (JIMO) and future Mars
missions) with results from radar studies of the Earth and other
planets.
Conveners: Tom G Farr, Jet Propulsion Lab, MS 300-233, Pasadena,
CA 91109 USA, Tel: 818-354-9057, Fax: 818-354-9476, email:
tom.farr@jpl.nasa.gov, and Jeff J Plaut, Jet Propulsion Lab, MS 183-501,
Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel: 818 393-3799, Fax: 818 354-0966, email:
Jeffrey.J.Plaut@jpl.nasa.gov
Planetary Sciences also presents jointly with the following
Special Sessions:
U03 Recent Infrasound Studies, Phenomena, and Development
A06 Comparative Photochemical Modeling of Earth and
Planetary Atmospheres
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and
Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B16 Astrobiology as a Unifying Theme for Solar System
Exploration
G04 Geodesy of Terrestrial Planets
GP01 Magnetic Interpretation: Continental to Planetary
Scales
GP08 Extraterrestrial Paleomagnetism: Role of Impact
Related Shock
GP10 Magnetic Petrology and its Applications to
Tectonics, Remote Sensing, and the Martian Climate
SA04 Meteors and the Mesopause
SM05 Jovian Magnetospheric Environment Science for the
Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO)
C03 Planetary Permafrost
ED11 Earth and Space Science Materials for Students
With Special Needs (POSTER)
ED19 Teacher Professional Development Programs
Promoting Authentic Scientific Research in the Classroom
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
PP00 General Paleoceanography and
Paleoclimatology Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Paleoceanography and
Paleoclimatology may be submitted to this session, particularly if your
abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology sessions. General contributions
will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed
based on the content of the abstracts received. The Paleoceanography and
Paleoclimatology Focus Group deals with past changes in the earth
system, including the atmosphere, oceans and sea ice, cryosphere, and
terrestrial biosphere and hydrology, from basin-scale to global, and
from the Holocene to early Earth.
Conveners: Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, National Center for
Atmospheric Research, Climate Change Research 1850 Table Mesa Drive P.O.
Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA, Tel: 303-497-1723, Fax: 303-497-1348,
email: ottobli@ncar.ucar.edu
PP01 Ordovician Climate Evolution
THIS SESSION HAS BEEN CANCELED.
PP02 Southern Ocean Climatic Evolution: The
Marine Geologic Record
The last few years have seen several expeditions to the Southern Ocean
(here broadly defined as the ocean between the Southern Capes and
Antarctica) that are now yielding remarkable results. ODP Legs 177, 178,
181, 182, 188, and 189, the Cape Roberts Project, the Italian-Australian
WEGA Cruise 2000, and various Palmer and Polarstern cruises, etc., all
provided high-quality sedimentary records of Antarctic cryospheric
evolution. We propose to schedule a session (or several sessions,
depending on number of submissions) that deals with this evolution as
reflected in Southern Ocean and continental-margin sediments, and on
million-year to centennial timescales. Abstracts dealing with all
aspects of this research, and including all methodologies, such as
geochemical, geophysical, paleomagnetic, stable-isotopic,
paleontologic, and sedimentologic methods, are welcome. We aim to
provide a venue for the exchange of ideas and opinions for researchers
engaged in Southern Ocean studies. Abstracts resulting from
dissertation or thesis research are particularly welcome.
Conveners: Detlef (Dietz) A. Warnke, Dept. of Geological
Sciences,, California State University, Hayward, CA 94542 USA, Tel:
510-885-4716, Fax: 510-885-2526, email: dwarnke@csuhayward.edu, and Gabe
Filippelli, Dept. of Geology, Indiana University-Purdue University 723
W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5132 USA, email:
gfilippe@iupui.edu, and Neville Exon, Geoscience Australia, PO Box 378,
Canberra, 2601 AUS, email: Neville.Exon@ga.gov.au
PP03 Mezosoic Black Shales: Fresh Looks at an
Old Problem
Mesozoic "black shales" are typically dark in color, usually rich in
organic carbon, and often laminated. They represent burial of
extraordinary amounts of organic matter in the floors of the world's
oceans and seas. These interesting strata dominated marine sedimentation
during lengthy parts of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, yet they
have had no equivalents for the past 80 million years. Explanations for
their formation remain controversial and differ in the importance of
elevated marine productivity, high fluxes of continental organic matter,
and basin stagnation. This session is intended to showcase advances
that have been made in understanding the Cretaceous world and the
paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic processes that created the black
shales. Recent evidence indicates a remarkably warm and wet global
climate and important differences in the mode of marine productivity
during parts of the Cretaceous. In addition, black shale sequences have
recently been recovered from parts of the seafloor that should yield
important new insights into how they formed. Novel information of these
kinds will be combined with new interpretations of older information in
this session.
Conveners: Philip A Meyers, University of Michigan, Department
of Geological Sciences 425 East University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI
48109-1063 USA, Tel: 734-764-0597, Fax: 734-763-4690, email:
pameyers@umich.edu, and Kenneth G MacLeod, University of Missouri,
Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211-1380 USA, Tel:
573-884-3118, Fax: 573-882-5458, email: MacLeodk@missouri.edu
PP04 Nature and Causes of Cyclicity in
Mesozoic and Paleogene Paleoclimate Records
This session will serve as a forum for recent results that advance our
understanding of periodic changes in Triassic through Eocene climate,
with emphasis on the mechanisms by which these changes are translated
into marine and terrestrial sedimentary records. These changes include
processes that affected carbon burial, ocean chemistry, water mass
structure, productivity, sediment and population distributions, and
diagenetic alteration. We encourage submissions that elucidate the
processes through which relatively small variations in insolation result
in comparably large contrasts in geological records. We especially
welcome studies that combine data records with numerical and theoretical
models, novel data and statistical approaches, and new high-resolution
marine and terrestrial records.
Conveners: Karen L. Bice, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
Mail Stop #23 Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole, MA 02543
USA, Tel: 508-289-3320, Fax: 508-457-2187, email: kbice@whoi.edu, and
Thomas Wagner, University Bremen - Geosciences, Klagenfurter Strasse,
Bremen, 28334 DEU, Tel: +49-421-218-8950, Fax: +49-421-218-7431, email:
twagner@uni-bremen.de
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is manifested in the present
climate as a circumglobal atmospheric belt where the Southern and
Northern Hemisphere trade winds converge to produce intense moist
convection and rainfall. In response to the annual solar cycle the ITCZ
undergoes a regular seasonal migration toward the summer hemisphere, but
maintains a nearly permanent Northern Hemisphere bias, especially in the
Atlantic and eastern-central Pacific Oceans. It interacts closely with
the equatorial ocean circulation, notably with the seasonal development
of the upwelling cold tongues of the Atlantic and Pacific, and
regulates the hydrologic cycle over the terrestrial tropics. It is
furthermore linked to hemispheric-scale processes controlling
latitudinal temperature gradients and the relative strength of northeast
versus southeast trades. For these reasons, long-term variations in
ITCZ systematics are of first-order significance for the understanding
of tropical paleoclimates. Recent evidence suggests that systematic
variations in the mean latitudinal position and intensity of the ITCZ
have occurred over glacial-interglacial transitions, Dansgaard-Oeschger
cycles, Heinrich events, the Holocene climate progression, and possibly
over shorter, centennial-to-decadal climate shifts. This session seeks
contributions that attempt to reconstruct, characterize, and constrain
key elements in past ITCZ behavior over these timescales, including its
latitudinal position and range, its intensity of convection and
rainfall, and its response to tropical and extratropical forcing
mechanisms such as insolation, tropical sea surface temperatures,
high-latitude glaciation, deep ocean circulation, and atmospheric
greenhouse potential. Proxy-based reconstructions of local, regional,
or global scope from land and oceans are welcome, as are modeling
studies aiming to elucidate the relative importance of these influences
on past ITCZ variability.
Conveners: Athanasios Koutavas, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., E34-209, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA,
Tel: 617-324-6106/845-365-8411, Fax: 617-253-8630, email:
koutavas@mit.edu, and Gerald Haug, Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam (GFZ),
Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, D-14473 DEU, Tel: +49-(0)331-288 1330, Fax:
+49-(0)331-288 1302, email: haug@gfz-potsdam.de
PP06 Paleoproductivity, Proxies, and
Preservation: Records of Neogene Evolution of the Oceans
Major changes occurred in the ocean-continent climate system during the
Neogene. Antarctic ice sheets expanded, Northern Hemisphere ice
developed, sea level fluctuated, surface and deep water masses cooled,
intermediate and deep water circulation changed with onset of northern
component water flow, equator-pole temperature gradients steepened, the
sill depth of the Isthmus of Panama decreased, silica deposition shifted
from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, C4 plants expanded, and
the Himalayas uplifted. These factors individually and collectively may
have stimulated marine productivity, impacting withdrawal of CO^2 from
the atmosphere and influencing the rate of Neogene climatic
deterioration. Numerous micropaleontological, geochemical, and isotopic
proxies have been applied to reconstruct the history of Quaternary
paleoproductivity from the deep-sea sedimentary resord. This session
will be a forum for evaluating the applicability of these proxies to
Neogene paleoproductivity reconstructions given possible effects of
water depth, water chemistry, and temperature, as well as diagenesis on
the preservation of deep-sea sediments. We encourage contributions
dealing with (1) preservation of paleoproductivity proxies in Neogene
oceanic sediments and (2) evolution of paleoproductivity in response to
Neogene paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes.
Conveners: Liselotte Diester-Haass, Universitaet des
Saarlandes, Zentrum fuer Umweltforschung, Am MArkt, Zeile 2,
Saarbruecken, 66041 DEU, Tel: +681-30264145, Fax: +6841-171774, email:
a.l.haass@t-online.de, and Katharina Billups, College of Marine
Studies University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Road, Lewes, DE 19958 USA,
Tel: 302 645-4249, email: kbillups@UDEL.edu, and Philip A. Meyers,
University of Michigan, Dept. of Geological Sciences, 3514 CC Little
Building, 425 East University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063 USA, Tel:
734-764-0597, Fax: 734-763-4690, email: pameyers@umich.edu
PP07 Evolution of the Antarctic Climate
System: Modeling and Observation
The aim of this session is to provide a forum for the comparison of
modeling results with the observational record of the evolution of the
Antarctic climate system (ACS). It will be open to contributions
focusing on a range of timescales from the events of the last
deglaciation (approximately 21,000 years before present onward) to the
long-term evolution of the continent since the inception of
continental-scale ice sheets in the Oligocene (approximately 35 million
years). We hope to include contributions on all of the major components
of the ACS, from both the modeling and observational perspectives. We
will therefore aim to include recent results on the evolution of the
region's ice sheets and shelves; oceans and sea ice; atmosphere;
lithosphere; and marine and terrestrial biosphere. The session will also
provide a focus for discussions on the proposed Scientific Committee on
Antarctic Research (SCAR) research program on Antarctic Climate
Evolution.
Conveners: Antony J Payne, University of Bristol, School of
Geographical Sciences University Road , Bristol, BS8 1SS GBR, Tel: +44
117 954 5972, Fax: +44 117 928 7878, email: A.J.Payne@bristol.ac.uk,
and Robert M DeConto, University of Massachusetts, Department of
Geosciences 233 Morrill Science Center , Amherst, MA 01003 USA, Tel: +1
413 545 3426, Fax: +1 413 545 1200, email: deconto@geo.umass.edu
PP08 Old World Social Responses to Holocene
Abrupt Climate Change Events
The 8.2, 5.2, and 4.2 ka BP global climate changes were abrupt,
century-scale, and high-magnitude. Each event displaced the
developmental course of the agriculture-based societies of Europe and
Asia. The high-resolution paleoclimate and archaeological records for
these abrupt climate changes and their social responses will be analyzed
in Greece and SE Europe, Syro-Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the
Indus Valley. The climate events forced a variety of adaptive strategies
(collapse, habitat tracking, and agro technology innovation) which
refracted societies' evolutionary trajectories.
Conveners: Harvey Weiss, Yale University, , New Haven, CT
06520-8236 USA, Tel: 203-432-4080, email: harvey.weiss@yale.edu, and
Richard Meadow, Harvard University, Peabody Museum, Cambrdige, MA 02138
USA, email: meadow@fas.harvard.edu, and Andrew Sheratt, Oxford
University, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, OX1 2PH GBR, email:
andrew.sherratt@ashmolean-museum.oxford.ac.uk, and Lauren Ristvet,
Cambridge University, Department of Archaeology, Cambridge, CB@ 1S GBR,
email: lmr26@hermes.cam.ac.uk
PP09 Effects of Sediment Dynamics on Marine
Paleorecords
Recent work provides evidence that differential supply and sorting of
fine- and coarse-grained sediments in response to climate-driven
variations in continental erosion and ocean bottom currents can both
affect the interpretation of paleoceanographic records and provide
insights into past ocean circulation. Here we solicit abstracts about
three related themes: (1) the geochemical and sedimentological
expression of past variations in sediment supply and the vigor and
trajectory of bottom currents; (2) the influence of differential
sediment supply and transport on the relative fluxes of terrestrial and
marine-derived material from continental margins; and (3) implications
of sediment redistribution on interpretation of sedimentary records. The
primary focus of this session is to develop a greater understanding of
marine sedimentary processes and their effects on the global carbon
cycle and the land-ocean linkages, as well as to evaluate our ability to
obtain accurate records about past oceans.
Conveners: Ann Pearson, Harvard University, Hoffman 302, 20
Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, Tel: 617-384-8392, Fax:
617-496-4387, email: pearson@eps.harvard.edu, and Timothy I. Eglinton,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI, MS #4 360 Woods Hole Rd. ,
Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: 508-289-2627, Fax: 508-457-2164, email:
teglinton@whoi.edu, and Tom Wagner, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, WHOI, MS #4 360 Woods Hole Rd., Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA,
Tel: 508-289-2740, email: twagner@whoi.edu, and Liviu Giosan, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Insitution, WHOI, MS #22 360 Woods Hole Rd., Woods
Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: 508-289-2257, email: lgiosan@whoi.edu
PP10 The Last Interglacial
The last interglacial, defined by marine isotope stage 5e, is an
interval when at least some of the Earth was warmer than present. The
proxy record suggests a substantially warmer climate in the Arctic and
high northern latitudes with a rapid and early warming of terrestrial
sites and melting of Arctic glaciers. We encourage contributions
dealing with proxy evidence of the climate of the last interglacial for
all regions of the Earth, as well as the abrupt climate change going
into 5e. We equally encourage submissions dealing with theoretical and
modeling studies aiming to understand the forcings and feedbacks
describing the climate system of the last interglacial and its preceding
deglaciation.
Conveners: Gifford H. Miller, University of Colorado, Department
of Geological Sciences 2200 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel:
303-492-6962, Fax: 303-492-2606, email: gmiller@colorado.edu, and Bette
L. Otto-Bliesner, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table
Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 303-497-1723, Fax:
303-497-1348, email: ottobli@ucar.edu, and Jonathan T. Overpeck,
University of Arizona, Institute for the Study of Planet Earth 715 N.
Park Ave, 2nd Floor, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA, Tel: 520-622-9065, Fax:
520-792-8795, email: jto@u.arizona.edu
PP11 Global, Hemispheric and Regional Climate
Signals During the Last Millennium
Signals from anthropogenic climate change are superposed on a wide
spatiotemporal array of natural climate variability. While a significant
component of this variability is internally generated by the complex
interaction of climate system processes, a nontrivial part is forced and
stimulated by external forcings. Signal separation of forced variations
and identification of interactions between them and the general modes
of climate are crucial for our understanding of the climate system
facing a rapid increase in greenhouse gases. This session offers a
platform to discuss recent developments in analysis of proxy networks
and climate modeling studies focusing on the detection and separation
of signals from the important factors responsible for climate
variations during the past millennium or so. Particular emphasis is
given to the identification of spatiotemporal characteristics from
individual and combinations of natural forcing factors. This includes
questions regarding modifications of internal modes of climate by
external forcing factors across different timescales. Additionally,
contributions addressing the importance of significant regional
anomalies on hemispheric and global scale climate are welcome. Examples
include the different spatial and temporal scales of the so-called
"Medieval Warm Period" and Little Ice Age episodes, how they are
expressed in proxy and model data, the temporal coherence with spatial
forcing fingerprints as well as additivity characteristics of individual
forcing components, and identification of previously underestimated
factors.
Conveners: Caspar Michael Ammann, National Center for
Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Division 1850 Table
Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80307-3000 USA, Tel: 303-497-1705, Fax:
303-497-1348, email: ammann@ucar.edu, and Philippe Naveau, University
of Colorado, Department of Applied Mathematics ECOT 231, Boulder, CO
80309-0526 USA, Tel: 303-492-4152, email: naveau@colorado.edu
PP12 Evolution of Earth's Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect is a measure of how efficiently Earth's
atmosphere traps longwave radiation escaping to space. The efficiency
of the greenhouse effect is essential to understanding Earth's climate.
The strength of the greenhouse effect depends on the amount and
distribution of effective greenhouse gases, the temperature of the
planet, and clouds. Thus this effect is an excellent way to summarize a
number of key climate variables. The magnitude of the present-day
greenhouse effect has been determined through a combination of surface
and satellite observations. An important question for understanding past
climates is how Earth's greenhouse effect has evolved over geologic
time. This session will focus on key factors that determine the
magnitude and evolution of Earth's greenhouse effect. Abstracts on
estimates of levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor for past
conditions are solicited. Climate model simulations of the magnitude and
evolution of Earth's greenhouse effect are encouraged. Comparison of
these past greenhouse effects to projected future effects will also be
considered.
Conveners: Jeffrey T. Kiehl, National Center for Atmospheric
Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel:
303-497-1350, Fax: 303-497-1348, email: jtkon@ucar.edu, and Lisa C.
Sloan, University of California Santa Cruz, Department of Earth Sciences
1156 High St., Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Tel: 831-459-3693, Fax:
831-459-3074, email: lcsloan@emerald.ucsc.edu
PP13 Rapid Climate Change during the Holocene
and Last Glacial
During rapid climate changes, components of the climate system switch
from one distinct mode to another, often over a period of decades or
less. This session will focus on evidence for these transitions during
the last glacial period and the Holocene and their possible causes. We
solicit contributions that document the spatial and temporal patterns of
these events, either in paleoclimate proxy records or instrumental
records. Model simulations that investigate thresholds in the climate
system or possible feedbacks are also encouraged.
Conveners: Carrie Morrill, National Center for Atmospheric
Research, P. O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA, Tel: 303-497-1375,
email: morrill@ucar.edu, and John Chiang, University of California -
Berkeley, USA, email: jchiang@atmos.berkeley.edu
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology also presents jointly
with the following Special Sessions:
U02 The Contributions of 20 Years of Scientific Ocean
Drilling
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of
Atmospheric Gases
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical
Cycles
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on
Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
OS04 Late Pleistocene and Holocene Paleoceanographic
Variability Along the Pacific Margin of North America
OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Past,
Present, and Future
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas
Hydrate From Around the Globe
T15 Late Cenozoic Tectonics, Climate, and Topography in
the Central and Southern Andes
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive,
Translator, and Facilitator
C02 Advances in Glacier Geophysics
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
GC01 Reconstructing Hydroclimatic Variability in North
America: Progress, Methods, and Uncertainties
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and
Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
C08 Glaciers and Ice Sheets
Seismology
S00 General Seismology Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Seismology may be submitted to
this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the
approved, preorganized Seismology sessions. General contributions will
be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based
on the content of the abstracts received. The Seismology Section is
concerned with the study of Earth's internal structure and dynamics, and
the physical phenomena that cause earthquakes and other sources of
vibration in Earth. Seismologists use seismic waves to probe Earth's
internal structure, applying fundamentals of wave propagation in complex
media. Exciting topics at the forefront of seismological research
include the structure and dynamics of the Earth's inner core, the
seismic structure of the lithosphere, and the nucleation process of
large earthquakes. Seismology attracts considerable public interest and
support because of its contributions to society in mitigating earthquake
hazards, monitoring nuclear explosions both for military intelligence
and arms control, and finding oil.
Conveners: Jeffrey Park, Yale University, Department of
Geology and Geophysics PO Box 208109 210 Whitney Ave, New Haven, CT
06520-8109 USA, Tel: 203-432-3172, Fax: 203-432-3134, email:
jeffrey.park@yale.edu, and David Wald, U.S. Geological Survey, ,
Golden, CO 80226 USA, Tel: 303-273-8441, email: wald@usgs.gov
S01 Novel Ways for Analyzing the Seismic Coda
Traditionally, coda waves have been used to estimate the statistical
properties of the small-scale heterogeneity of the crust and mantle.
Recently, new ways to analyze multiply scattered waves have become
available through a cross-fertilization of geophysics, ultrasonics,
mathematics, and experimental and theoretical physics. These new
techniques include the extraction of the coherent wave from the coda,
the partitioning of energy among P and S waves, superresolution in
imaging, and monitoring temporal change with coda wave interferometry.
This session aims at providing a platform for sharing new methods in the
analysis of coda waves and their application to the geosciences.
Contributions from other fields are encouraged in order to create a
multidisciplinary session.
Conveners: Roel Snieder, Center for Wave Phenomena/Colorado
School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Str., Golden, CO 80401 USA, Tel:
303.273.3456, Fax: 303.273.3478, email: rsnieder@mines.edu, and Michel
Campillo, Universite Joseph Fourier, FRA, email:
michel.campillo@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr, and Fehler Michael, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, USA, email: fehler@lanl.gov
S02 The Fate of Seismic Waves: Measurement and
Interpretation of Q of the Earth
Seismic Q is a parameter that is important both in our inference of the
temperature, composition, and fluid content of the Earth's interior and
in the practice of hazard mitigation and seismic source
inversion/discrimination. Measurement of depth and lateral variations of
seismic Q has been a relatively slowly evolving subject owing to the
difficulties caused by effects of the fine-scale velocity structure on
seismic amplitudes. Additionally, Q is a function of frequency, and
laboratory measurements of it are often conducted at nonseismic
frequencies. Abstracts that report seismic and laboratory measurements
of Q in the Earth's interior at all depths are welcome, as are
numerical/theoretical modelings. The emphasis of the session in on the
the current measurement uncertainties and, given these uncertainties,
how the measured Q values may be used in basic and applied geophysics.
Conveners: Jiakang Xie, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of
Columbia Univ., 61 Route 9W , Palisades, NY 10964 USA, Tel:
(845)365-8553, Fax: (845)365-8150, email: xie@ldeo.columbia.edu, and
Linda Warren, University of California, San Diego, Institute of
Geophysics and Planetary Physics 0225 Scripps Institution of
Oceanography 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA, Tel:
858-534-8119, Fax: 858-534-5332, email: lwarren@ucsd.edu
S03 Earthquake Hazards of Greater Tokyo: Eighty
Years After Kanto
Tokyo and its outlying cities are home to almost one quarter of Japan's
127 million people. In the fall of 1923, the region suffered one of the
world's most terrible earthquakes, which destroyed two thirds of Tokyo
and all of Yokohama, caused $68 billion in property damage, and killed
143,000 people. Today, the population of greater Tokyo is 6 times larger
than it was in 1923. How likely is a repeat of the Kanto earthquake, or
are other types and locations of destructive earthquakes more probable
today? New seismic reflection, continuous GeoNet GPS, broadband network,
historical earthquake relocations, paleoseismic, and stress-triggering
investigations encourage a reassessment of the hazards faced by this
great city. What makes Tokyo's earthquake threat uniquely challenging
is the occurrence of great earthquakes (such as the 1703 M=8.2 and 1923
M=7.9 events) at the junction of two subduction zones, as well as large
earthquakes within the subducting slab and in the upper crust. What
makes it a rich source of research, however, is the quality of the
modern observations and the longevity of its historical seismic and
geodetic records. Presentation of all research bearing on earthquake
hazards near Tokyo is welcomed.
Conveners: Ross S. Stein, U.S. Geological Survey, 345
Middlefield Rd, MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650 329 4840,
Fax: 650 329 5143, email: rstein@usgs.gov, and Shinji Toda, Active
Fault Research Center (AIST), Site C7 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8567
JPN, Tel: 81-29-861-3743, Fax: 81-29-852-3461, email: s-toda@aist.go.jp,
and Yoshimitsu Okada, Nat. Research Inst. for Earth Sci. & Disaster
Prevention (NIED), Tennnodai 3-1, Tsukuba, 305-0006 JPN, Tel:
81-298-51-1611, Fax: 81-298-51-5658, email: okada@bosai.go.jp
S04 Earthquake Location: Applications and
Developments of New Techniques
Earthquake locations traditionally have been estimated from linearized
inversion of individual arrival time picks, using layered seismic
velocity models. Routine catalogs relied upon single hypocenter
locations or, at best, joint hypocenter determination using raw picks.
Uncertainty information was limited to estimates based on RMS
minimization with ad hoc weighting of arrival time errors. Recent
advances in computing power, developments of new, nonlinear techniques,
increasing implementation of three-dimensional velocity models, and
flexible approaches to station corrections, though, have pushed
earthquake location beyond traditional hypocenter estimation. Today,
earthquake location may involve cross-correlation time measurements,
complex three-dimensional velocity models, determination of
high-precision, relative earthquake locations, array processing and
semblance techniques, and the definition of multidimensional uncertainty
volumes using a variety of functional minimization approaches. In this
session we encourage abstracts dealing with application and/or
development of new techniques in earthquake location on all scales. We
also welcome abstracts on the development of complex, three-dimensional
velocity models and adaptive station correction approaches for
earthquake location. We strongly encourage abstracts that apply new
location methods to provide more reliable routine hypocenter locations,
thus increasing the quality of routine earthquake reporting,
particularly for nonoptimal network configurations, to improve
delineation of seismogenic source volumes, and to provide more robust
ground-truth locations.
Conveners: Stephan Husen, Swiss Seismological Service,
ETH-Hoenggerberg, Zurich, 8093 CHE, Tel: +41-1-633-2622, Fax:
+41-1-633-1065, email: shusen@mines.utah.edu, and Charlotte A. Rowe, Los
Alamos National Laboratory, EES-11, M.S. D-408, Los Alamos, NM 87545
USA, Tel: (505)665-6404, Fax: (505)667-8487, email: char@lanl.gov
S05 Stress Transfer, Triggered Earthquakes, and
Time-Dependent Seismic Hazard
Over the past 10 years, it has become clear that very small stress
perturbations can trigger earthquakes. Research in the field has
progressed to the consideration of how estimated stress changes can be
used to assess time-dependent seismic hazard, with techniques for the
latter ranging from qualitative identification of areas of enhanced or
diminished likelihood of large aftershocks or mainshocks to computing
probability changes on major frictional faults subjected to sudden
stress changes. From a nonlinear perspective, however, triggered events
are a natural outcome of a system's sensitivity to small perturbations,
and hence quantification of any relation between stress change and
seismic hazard may be very difficult. The aim of this session is to
bring together researchers from different perspectives, as well as end
users and experts in seismic hazard, to discuss the physics of
earthquake triggering and to explore the confidence with which we can
estimate time-dependent seismic hazard.
Conveners: Sandy Steacy, University of Ulster, Geophysics
Research Group Cromore Road , Coleraine, BT52 1SA IRL, Tel: 44 (0)28
7032 4242, Fax: 44 (0)28 7032 4911, email: s.steacy@ulster.ac.uk, and
Joan Gomberg, US Geological Survey, 3876 Central Ave Ste 2, Memphis, TN
38152-3050 USA, Tel: 901-678-4858, email: gomberg@ceri.memphis.edu
S06 New Views of Seismic Hazard in Cascadia
This session will focus into new insights on seismic hazards along the
Cascadia margin. We encourage presentations focusing on new results
that address hazards posed by large crustal, in-slab, and megathrust
earthquakes, and that reveal their interactions. These abstracts might
include those describing the detailed distribution of crustal strain as
well as those describing silent or "slow" earthquakes along the
subduction zone as revealed by continuous GPS measurements and
nonvolcanic tremor, studies of the hydrated forearc upper mantle and its
implication for dehydration metamorphism of the subducting oceanic slab,
studies of the Nisqually earthquake and other large historic intraslab
earthquakes, new views of the upper crustal structure in actively
deforming fold and thrust belts, studies of seismicity patterns and the
state of stress in the underthrust and overriding plates, and studies
which provide estimates of coseismic displacements for past (and
future) megathrust earthquakes. Likewise we encourage presentations
that merge the turbidite and onshore records of past large megathrust
earthquakes, summaries of paleoseismic studies of crustal faults, and
papers discussing the interactions of these crustal faults with
intraslab and megathrust ruptures.
Conveners: Thomas Mark Brocher, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 977
345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-4737, Fax:
650-329-5163, email: brocher@usgs.gov, and Andrew J. Calvert, Simon
Fraser University, Dept. of Earth Sciences 8888 University Drive,
Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 CAN, Tel: 604-291-5511, Fax: 604-291-5511, email:
acalvert@sfu.ca
S07 Crustal Seismic Anisotropy as a Measure of
Tectonic Deformation
The presence of shear or metamorphic foliations in fault zones and
metamorphic terranes can serve as indicators of intracrustal deformation
in a manner analogous to lattice preferred orientation of olivine
produced by mantle shear. As a result, mapping the lateral and vertical
extent of terranes exhibiting seismic anisotropy ("anisotropic
terranes") may define the breadth and magnitude of crustal tectonic
processes. However, the crust is internally heterogeneous with
structures that have a broad range of geometries and orientations. This
session will examine the detection, resolution, and quantification of
anisotropy within the crust using seismological data from teleseismic Ps
converted phases, intracrustal earthquakes, and active sources. Topics
include material anisotropy of crustal rocks, deformational processes
which create fabrics, scale and regionality of these fabrics, fracture
fields associated with deformation, theoretical considerations for
propagation in heterogeneous or complex anisotropic earth, examples of
observation in diverse types of data, and future targets and experiment
designs (using facilities such as PASSCAL or Earthscope).
Conveners: David Okaya, Univ. Southern California, Dept. Earth
Sciences USC , Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740 USA, Tel: 1-(213)740-7452,
Fax: 1-(213)740-0011, email: okaya@usc.edu, and Nik Christensen,
Univ. Wisconsin, Dept. Geological Sciences Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI
53706 USA, Tel: 1-(608)265-4469, Fax: 1-(608)263-0693, email:
chris@geology.wisc.edu
S08 Subduction and Lithospheric Deformation in
South America
The study of subduction and crustal deformation in South America has
been advanced in recent years by the acquisition of new data and the
application of new techniques. The interplay between the subducting
slab and the South American lithosphere is intriguing not only for its
implications in the Andean Cordillera but also for its potential as a
modern analog to the western United States. This session aims to
synthesize research from a wide variety of disciplines that address
subduction related processes and lithospheric deformation in South
America. We seek abstracts from a wide variety of fields including
geology, geophysics, geodesy, geochemistry, structural geology, and
remote sensing. Contributions from new methodologies such as INSAR or
new data sets are particularly encouraged.
Conveners: Susan L. Beck, University of Arizona, Department of
Geosciences Gould Simpson Building, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA, Tel: 520
621-4827, Fax: 520 621-2672, email: beck@geo.arizona.edu, and James N.
Kellogg, University of South Carolina, Department of Geological
Sciences, Columbia, SC 29208 USA, Tel: 803 777-4501, Fax: 803 777-9233,
email: kellogg@sc.edu, and Lara Wagner, University of Arizona,
Department of Geosciences Gould Simpson Building, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA,
Fax: 520 621-2672, email: lwagner@geo.arizona.edu
S09 Strong Ground Motion Prediction
Many highly populated urban regions around the world are also located
in areas of high seismic potential (e.g., Taiwan, Japan, western United
States, and Mexico). The hazard in these regions spans all types of
earthquake rupture, including crustal (shallow and buried), interplate
(subduction), and intraplate (Benioff) events. Given the high
statistical probability of earthquake occurrence in these seismically
active regions, it is likely that a major earthquake will occur near one
or more of these dense population centers within the next few decades.
Minimizing the damaging effects of these future earthquakes will rely
heavily on our ability to accurately and reliably estimate the ground
shaking expected during these events. A key component of this process is
the development and validation of strong ground motion prediction
methodologies. This session will cover the following aspects of strong
ground motion prediction: (1) characterization of source rupture
processes based on earthquake source dynamics, observational evidence
and geological information; (2) characterization of subsurface geologic
structure and seismic velocity models for the purpose of strong ground
motion prediction; (3) validation of prediction methodologies through
the modeling of strong ground motions from past earthquakes; and (4)
estimation of strong ground motions for various types of scenario
earthquakes.
Conveners: Robert Graves, URS Corporation, 566 El Dorado
Street, 2nd Floor, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA, Tel: 626-449-7650, Fax:
626-449-3536, email: robert_graves@urscorp.com, and Tomotaka Iwata,
DPRI, Kyoto University, JPN, email: iwata@egmdpri01.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp,
and Hiroshi Kawase, Kyushu University, JPN, email:
kawase@arch.kyushu-u.ac.jp
S10 The Energy Budget of the “Earthquake
Machine”
Earthquakes result from the release of elastic strain energy, but to
date, there is no consensus on how this energy is consumed during
rupture. Energy is required to extend the rupture surface, overcome
frictional resistance to fault slip, and radiate seismic waves. Debates
concerning the relative magnitudes of these energy components often
range over an order of magnitude or more, despite continual improvements
in observational capability. Of these four energies, only the radiated
energy can be measured directly using seismic data, and even for this
component there is considerable measurement uncertainty. For the other
three energy components, estimates are unavoidably much less direct,
often involving controversial assumptions. Arguably, the least
understood of these components is the surface energy associated with
extending the rupture, often referred to as the fracture energy.
Progress in our understanding of the earthquake energy budget requires
multidisciplinary research efforts to resolve these components. We
encourage contributions from various fields including laboratory rock
mechanics, geological and geochemical investigations of exhumed fault
zones, borehole investigations, and seismology.
Conveners: Rachel E. Abercrombie, Department of Earth Sciences,
Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 USA, Tel:
617 358 2571, Fax: 617 353 3290, email: rea@bu.edu, and Art McGarr, US
Geological Survey, MS 977, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025
USA, Tel: 650 329 5645, Fax: 650 329 5163, email: mcgarr@usgs.gov
S11 The African Superswell Province: From Core
to Crust
The structure, evolution, and dynamics of southern and eastern Africa
continue to be topics of great interest to a broad spectrum of
geoscientists. Recent results suggest that deep-seated processes play a
key role in the tectonic development of this region of the world. At
the same time, rift structures in the East African lithosphere are the
standard to which all other rifts are compared. The aim of this session
is to investigate interactions between mantle flow and continental
lithosphere and their implications for the distribution of strain,
uplift, and magmatism across the African Superswell. This session will
bring together a wide range of researchers and foster the integrated
analysis of complementary data sets required to understand this complex
and intriguing region.
Conveners: Cindy Ebinger, Royal Holloway University of London,
Department of Geology, Egham, TW20 0EX GBR, Tel: 44 (0) 1784 443890,
Fax: 44 (0) 1784 471 780, email: c.ebinger@gl.rhul.ac.uk, and Tanya
Furman, Penn State University, Department of Geosciences 403 Deike
Building , University Park, PA 16802 USA, Tel: 814-865-5782, Fax:
814-863-7823, email: furman@geosc.psu.edu, and Simon Klemperer,
Stanford University, Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences
Mitchell Building, Room 353 , Palo Alto, CA 94305-2215 USA, Tel: (650)
723-8214, Fax: (650) 725-7344, email: sklemp@stanford.edu, and G. Randy
Keller, University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Geological
Sciences 500 W. University , El Paso, TX 79968 USA, Tel: 915-747-5850,
Fax: 915-747-5073, email: keller@geo.utep.edu, and Andrew Nyblade, Penn
State University, Department of Geosciences 447 Deike Building ,
University Park, PA 16802 USA, Tel: (814) 863-8341, email:
andy@geosc.psu.edu, and Peter Maguire, University of Leicester,
Department of Geology , Leicester, LE1 7RH GBR, Tel: 44 (0)116-252-3810,
email: pkm@le.ac.uk
S12 Three-Dimensional Computational Waveform
Modeling and Applications
This session will focus on the current capabilities and applications of
full numerical modeling of elastic and electromagnetic waves in
arbitrarily complex three-dimensional media. The recent advances in
computing power and in parallel computation have made three-dimensional
finite difference and finite element computation accessible to a larger
community of modelers addressing seismic and electromagnetic wave
propagation on various scales. Areas of interest include parallel
computation and model parameterization, including treatment of
interfaces, model boundaries, grid design, pseudospectral, and
incorporation of intrinsic attenuation.
Conveners: Thomas S Anderson, ERDC-CRREL USACE, 72 Lyme Rd ,
Hanover, NH 03755 USA, Tel: 603-646-4751, Fax: 603-646-4640, email:
thomas.s.anderson@erdc.usace.army.mil, and Vernon F Cormier, University
of Connecticut, 354 Mansfield rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA, Tel:
860-486-1391, Fax: 860-486-1383, email: cormier@uconn.edu
S13 Scale-Frequency Phenomena and Earth
Structure
Our view of the Earth depends very much upon the frequencies and
wavelengths used. The view is also dependent upon the type of wave
motion being considered. Which view is correct? Resolving the issues
of a single Earth model is the topic of this meeting. How can vertical
reflection data be reconciled with wide-angle reflection data? They are
different experiments and yield distinct views of the Earth. How can
surface wave and body wave data be integrated with laboratory
measurements on rock samples and data at other scales? How can velocity
models based upon earthquake studies be integrated with higher-frequency
measurements made in deep boreholes? All of the problems require an
understanding of the basic physical mechanisms that affect wave
propagation. A call for abstracts is made on the above topic of
relating physical measurements at different frequencies and/or using
different experiments or wave types. Abstracts reporting on the
theoretical understanding (forward or inverse problems) or experimental
observations related to this topic are encouraged. The goal is find the
link between the different types of measurements that will lead to a
consistent interpretation of the Earth's structure.
Conveners: Evgeni M Chesnokov, Sarkeys Energy Center, University
of Oklahoma, 100 E.Boyd Avenue,Rm. 522, Norman, OK 73019 USA, Tel:
(405)-325-7985, Fax: (405)325-3180, email: echesnok@ou.edu, and Jerry M
Harris, Stanford University, 397 Panama Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA,
Tel: (650)-723-0496, Fax: (650)213-9493, email:
harris@pangea.Stanford.EDU, and Raymon L Brown, Oklahoma Geological
Survey, 100 E. Boyd, Rm N114, Norman, OK 73019 USA, Tel: (405)325-3031,
Fax: (405)325-3180, email: raybrown@ou.edu
S14 Earthquake Alerting Systems: From Rapid
Hazard Determination to Societal Response
Short-term seismic hazard mitigation is provided by earthquake early
warning systems which offer seconds to tens of seconds of warning of
pending ground motion. Various approaches to hazard determination have
been developed for different earthquake prone regions including Mexico,
Japan, Taiwan, and the United States. Effective warning systems also
require integrated alerting, response, and educational programs to
ensure the warning is received and understood. In this session we will
bring together researchers interested in all aspects of earthquake early
warning. We encourage abstracts on topics including, but not limited to,
earthquake nucleation processes, event detection, ground motion
prediction, hazard communication, earthquake engineering, and control
engineering. We aim to compare strategies from different regions and
broaden interdisciplinary understanding.
Conveners: Richard M Allen, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Dept. Geology and Geophysics 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA,
Tel: 608-262-7513, Fax: 608-262-0693, email: rallen@geology.wisc.edu,
and Yih-Min Wu, Central Weather Bureau, Taiwan, Seismological Center
64 Kung Yuan Road, Taipei, 100 TWN, Tel: +886-2-2349-1166, Fax:
+886-2-2349-1178, email: ym.wu@socmail.cwb.gov.tw
S15 Mechanical Strength of the Continental
Lithosphere
How mechanical strength of the continental lithosphere varies with
depth is an issue central to a wide range of interdisciplinary topics.
For instance, the concept that a weak, ductile lower crust overlies a
strong lithospheric mantle has led to diverse ideas such as linking
climate changes to posttectonic magmatism, hydration of the mantle
during continental breakup, and mechanisms for wholesale uplift of
plateaus. Consequently, there are renewed interests in examining the
basic tenets of continental rheology, and this session will provide a
forum of wide perspective, bringing together latest findings such as
intracontinental earthquakes, rheological effects of volatiles and
partial melts, and geodynamic modeling of relevant data sets. We welcome
abstracts that constrain the mechanical strength of the deep lithosphere
under continental landmasses using in situ geophysical observations
(such as surface deformation, lithospheric bending, earthquakes and
seismic imaging, gravity, and heat flow), experimental rock mechanics,
and petrographic and structural studies of naturally deformed rocks. We
are particularly interested in comparing results, implications, and
inferences drawn from different methods to identify key issues. Our
goal is to promote interdisciplinary integration of results that will
lead to the next generation of rheological models for the continental
lithosphere.
Conveners: Wang-Ping Chen, University of Illinois,
Urbana-Champaign, 1301 W. Green St., 245 NHB Department of Geology,
MC-102, Urbana, IL 61801 USA, Tel: 217 333-2744, Fax: 217 244-4996,
email: wpchen@uiuc.edu, and Brian Evans, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Bldg. 54-718 Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary
Sciences 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Tel: 617
253-2856, email: brievans@mit.edu
S16 Seismic Hazards in the Great Basin
With the rapid population growth in areas along the margins of the
Great Basin (e.g., Reno-Carson City, Las Vegas, and Wasatch Front), and
development of the nation's first repository for nuclear waste, the
importance of understanding earthquake hazards and associated risks in
the Great Basin has grown substantially in the past decade. The
existence of hundreds of active faults distributed throughout the region
with recurrence intervals ranging from more than 100,000 thousand years
to thousands of years poses significant challenges in terms of their
characterization for hazard assessment, but also the societal response
to large infrequent earthquakes. The fact that most of the major urban
centers in the Great Basin are located in sedimentary basins also
requires special attention to characterizing these basins and their site
response to strong ground shaking. This session will highlight the
multidisciplinary nature of recent seismic hazard studies in the Great
Basin as well as related studies in seismotectonics, paleoseismology,
structural geology, seismology, and geophysics.
Conveners: Catherine M. Snelson, Geoscience Department,
University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, MS 4010, Las Vegas,
NV 89154-4010 USA, Tel: 702-895-2916, Fax: 702-895-4064, email:
csnelson@unlv.edu, and Ivan G. Wong, Seismic Hazards Group, URS
Corporation, 500 12th St., Suite 200, Oakland, CA 94607 USA, Tel:
510-874-3014, email: Ivan_Wong@urscorp.com
S17 Theories of Earth's Interior
Seismologists and allied geoscientists attempt to formulate a
comprehensive theory of whole-Earth dynamics by linking disparate
evidence from seismic tomography, thermal convection calculations, the
geoid, mineral physics, mantle petrology, and geochemistry. Throughout
his long, illustrious career, Don Anderson has embraced holistic Earth
science in innovative and iconoclastic ways. From the geologic
back-story of PREM to the importance of seismic anisotropy, his ideas
have stimulated the growth of many geophysical pearls. On the occasion
of Don Anderson's 70th birthday, this session encourages contributions
that offer fresh perspectives on the workings of Earth's interior.
Conveners: Raymond Jeanloz, University of California,
Berkeley, 307 McCone Hall Department of Geology , Berkeley, CA 94720
USA, Tel: (510)642-2639, Fax: (510)643-9980, email:
jeanloz@uclink.berkeley.edu, and Miaki Ishii, Harvard University, 20
Oxford Street Dept of Earth and Planetary Science, Cambridge, MA 02138
USA, email: ishii@seismology.harvard.edu
S18 The 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake:
Observations and Implications
The Denali fault is perhaps the most significant crustal fault in
Alaska. It is seismically active, has a record of Holocene offset, and
arcs through Alaska, slicing the rugged Alaska Range and bounding the
precipitous north face of Mount McKinley, the highest peak in North
America. The Mw 7.9 2002 Denali fault earthquake was the largest on-land
strike slip earthquake in the United States since 1857. It ruptured
three related faults of the Denali fault system, with a total of 340 km
of surface rupture. The earthquake began on the Susitna Glacier thrust
fault, then ruptured a long stretch of the central Denali fault before
jumping to the Totschunda fault. It was preceded by an Mw 6.7
earthquake on the Denali fault, and was followed by an aftershock
sequence with the largest aftershock being an Mw 5.8 event 20 minutes
after the main shock. This sessions solicits abstracts documenting
observations of the earthquake and the faults involved, and discussing
the implications of this earthquake for the tectonics of Alaska, and
for similar faults elsewhere.
Conveners: Peter J Haeussler, U.S. Geological Survey, 4200
University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508 USA, Tel: +1-907-786-7447, Fax:
+1-907-786-7401, email: pheuslr@usgs.gov, and Roger Hansen, University
of Alaska, Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute 903 Koyukuk Drive, P.O. Box
757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 USA, Tel: +1-907-474-5533, Fax:
+1-907-474-5618, email: roger@giseis.alaska.edu, and Doug Christensen,
University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute 903 Koyukuk
Drive, P.O. Box 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 USA, email:
doug@giseis.alaska.edu
Seismology also presents jointly with the following Special
Sessions:
T02 Seismotectonics of the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area
U03 Recent Infrasound Studies, Phenomena, and Development
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental,
and Observational Constraints
G03 High-Rate GPS: Infrastructure and Applications
G05 Before PBO: What Do We Know?
G12 Insights Into the Earthquake Cycle
T03 Earthquake Geology and Hazards of East Asia
T07 Analysis of Plate Boundary Deformation Using Stress
and Strain Rate Data in Tandem
T10 Structure and Dynamics of Oceanic Upper Mantle
T11 At the Seismogenic Front: Dynamic Processes at
Convergent Margins
T12 Ground and Space Methods for Monitoring EM
Preearthquake Phenomena
T05 Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Processes and Progress
T13 Drilling at the Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O)
V11 Rift Zones on Volcanic Islands: Structure,
Evolution, and Magmatic Processes
NG05 Space-Time Pattern Discovery and Forecasting in
Complex Fault Networks
NG06 From Microscale to Macroscale: Models for
Material Damage Mechanics and Earth System Dynamics, and Their Relation
to Seismicity and Earthquakes
NG07 Critical Point Theory of Earthquake Precursors
T04 Causes and Consequences of Lateral Heterogeneity in
the Earth's Mantle
T14 New Views of the Structure and Composition of the
Deep Earth
SPA-Aeronomy
SA00 General SPA-Aeronomy Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to SPA-Aeronomy may be submitted to
this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the
approved, preorganized SPA-Aeronomy sessions. General contributions
will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed
based on the content of the abstracts received.
Conveners: Stanley C. Solomon, National Center for Atmospheric
Research, High Altitude Observatory 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO
80301 USA, Tel: 303-497-2179, Fax: 303-497-1589, email: stans@ucar.edu
SA01 Energy and Momentum Balance in the
Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: Results From the TIMED Mission
The Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)
satellite and its ground-based partners have been performing
measurements of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere since January
2002, including the density, temperature, winds, and composition of this
region, as well as simultaneous measurements of solar and auroral energy
inputs and atmospheric cooling rates. These data enable full
characterization of the MLT basic structure and its temporal and spatial
variability in response to changing energy inputs. This session
presents scientific results from the TIMED mission, including
measurement validation and collaborative studies with other satellite
and ground-based data sets. Studies that address the energy balance
between solar/auroral inputs and atmospheric heating and cooling rates,
and modeling and measurement of dynamical effects, are particularly
solicited.
Conveners: Sam Yee, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics
Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA, Tel:
(301)953-6206, Fax: (301)953-6670, email: sam.yee@jhuapl.edu, and
Jeffrey Forbes, University of Colorado, USA, email:
forbes@zeke.colorado.edu, and Martin G. Mlynczak, NASA Langley Research
Center, USA, email: m.g.mlynczak@larc.nasa.gov, and Geoff Crowley,
SouthWest Research Institute, USA, email: crowley@picard.space.swri.edu
SA02 Phenomena of the Summer Mesosphere
The extratropical summer mesosphere is a complex atmospheric region,
with exotic phenomena (polar mesospheric clouds/noctilucent clouds,
polar mesospheric summertime echoes) and extreme temperatures (the
coldest of the planet), and is possibly a harbinger of global change.
This session encourages abstracts on observations (lidar, radar,
satellite) and modeling of mesospheric ice layers and their thermal,
chemical, dynamical, and electrical environment. Long-term trend studies
are also welcome. The session is dedicated to the memory of Michael
Gadsden, who contributed so much to the field.
Conveners: Jeff Thayer, SRI International, Center for Geospace
Studies 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel:
650-859-3557, Fax: 650-322-2318, email: thayer@sri.com, and Gary
Thomas, University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space
Physics 1234 Innovation Drive UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel:
303-492-7022, Fax: 303-492-6946, email: gary.thomas@lasp.colorado.edu
SA03 Observations and Modeling of Small-Scale
Processes in the High-Latitude E Region
This session will examine modification of Earth's high-latitude E
region by processes occurring over small spatial scales, especially
those associated with the aurora. There is mounting evidence that
processes occurring in the lower thermosphere over spatial scales much
smaller than a typical general circulation model's grid size can
nevertheless have large-scale consequences. Examples of such processes
include Joule heating, gravity waves, and vertical wind events. We
encourage contributions describing both observational and modeling
studies. The session is partly motivated by the recent launches of the
HEX and JOULE sounding rocket missions from Poker Flat, Alaska, in March
2003. These missions returned high-resolution measurements of vertical
winds and Joule heating.
Conveners: Mark Conde, University of Alaska, Geophysical
Institute 903 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA, Tel:
+1-907-474-7347, Fax: +1-907-474-7290, email: Mark.Conde@gi.alaska.edu,
and Miguel Larsen, Clemson University, Department of Physics Clemson
University , Clemson, SC 29634 USA, Tel: +1.864.656.5309, Fax:
+1.864.656.0805, email: mlarsen@clemson.edu
SA04 Meteors and the Mesopause
An incessant but variable influx of meteors impinges on the atmosphere.
Most of these are in the form of microscopic particles that disintegrate
in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Their constituents are
the basis for the now well-known, though poorly understood metal, layer
that envelopes the mesopause. The purpose of this session is to
investigate the present state of knowledge of the atmospheric meteor
metal layer. This includes the seasonal variability of meteor input
and its possible influences on layer structure, including the meteor
ablation process; how meteoric materials affect the chemistry of the
MLT; and what effects, if any, the meteor consituents themselves have
on the climate of the MLT.
Conveners: Jonathan Friedman, NAIC, Arecibo Observatory HC-03
Box 53995, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA, email: jonathan@naic.edu, and
Diego Janches, Penn State University and NAIC, Arecibo Observatory HC-03
Box 53995, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA, Tel: (787) 878-2612, Fax: (787)
878-1861, email: djanches@naic.edu
SPA-Aeronomy also presents jointly with the following Special
Sessions:
A01 Chemistry and Dynamics of the Upper Troposphere and
Lower Stratosphere
A06 Comparative Photochemical Modeling of Earth and
Planetary Atmospheres
A07 Contributions to Middle Atmosphere Science by Solar
Occultation Instrumentation
A09 Tropical Cirrus Anvils: Properties and Processes
SH04 Space Science Research With Societal Consequences
SH05 Abundance Variations in the Solar Corona, Solar
Wind, and Solar Energetic Particles
SM01 Is a New Lexicon Required for High-Latitude
Field-Aligned Current Systems?
SM03 The Electrodynamics of the Cusp and the
Open/Closed Field Line Boundary Region, and the Cusp Ionosphere
SM04 Sun-to-Earth Elements and Linkages That Drive
Geoeffectiveness
SM05 Jovian Magnetospheric Environment Science for the
Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO)
SM06 Sun-Earth Connections: Linked Models
SM08 Exploring the Digital Geospace: Modern Methods of
Spatial Data Analysis
T12 Ground and Space Methods for Monitoring EM
Preearthquake Phenomena
AE04 Electrical Effects of Thunderstorms on the Middle
and Upper Atmosphere
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and
Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
SPA-Solar and Heliospheric Physics
SH00 General SPA-Solar and Heliospheric
Physics Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to SPA-Solar and Heliospheric
Physics may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract
does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized SPA-Solar and
Heliospheric Physics sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by
the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content
of the abstracts received.
Conveners: Gary P. Zank, University of California, Institute of
Geophysical Planetary Physics Department, Riverside, CA 92521 USA, Tel:
909-787-3436, Fax: 909-787-4324, email: zank@ucrac1.ucr.edu
SH01 Total Solar Irradiance Monitoring:
Results and Strategies
Total solar irradiance (TSI) observations spanning 25 years will have
occurred by the AGU's Fall 2003 meeting. The methods of relating the
series of satellite TSI monitoring experiments' results is the subject
of intense interest and debate among solar physicists and climatologists
because of an apparent luminosity trend during solar cycles 21-23 and
its implications for solar variability and climate forcing. The
traceability of the various TSI experiments to each other and the
composite TSI are at the forefront of present research. The
observational strategies and analytical methods required to sustain the
TSI database into the future are of crucial importance to this research
and very much the subject of current debate. Abstacts are solicited on
these topics in order to continue the active exchange of ideas begun
during previous AGU fall meetings.
Conveners: Richard Clayton Willson, Columbia University, 1001 B
Ave. Ste 200, Coronado, CA 92118 USA, Tel: 619-522-2945, email:
rwillson@acrim.com
SH02 The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) and
Related Remote-Sensing Heliospheric Observations
The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) was launched into a
Sun-synchronous 830 km orbit on the Coriolis Mission spacecraft on 6
January, 2003 and began returning images on 1 February. SMEI, designed
to measure heliospheric Thomson scattering brightness over the whole
sky, is a joint effort between UCSD, the University of Birmingham (UK),
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), the Air Force Research Laboratory
(AFRL), and Boston College, with funding from the AF, NASA, and the
University of Birmingham. The SMEI data are being refined to provide
photometric-quality all-sky maps of heliospheric brightness. For the
purpose of providing input for space weather forecasting, these data
will be made available to the scientific community and the public in
near real time. Early quick-look, subtraction sky maps from SMEI's
cameras demonstrate that SMEI can detect CMEs and image their structure
as they move outward from the Sun to elongations previously viewed only
crudely from the Helios spacecraft photometers. The SMEI team will
present its most recent SMEI results. We solicit related contributed
abstracts from the community on present and future remote-sensing
heliospheric observations.
Conveners: Bernard Vernon Jackson, CASS/UCSD-0424, 9500 Gilman
Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0424 USA, Tel: (858) 534-3358, Fax: (858)
534-0177, email: bvjackson@ucsd.edu, and David F. Webb, Boston College,
AFRL/VSBS 29 Randolph Rd. , Hanscom AFB, MA 01731-3010 USA, Tel: (781)
377-3086, Fax: (781) 377-3160, email: webb@plh.af.mil, and George M.
Simnett, The University of Birmingham, Astrophysics and Space Research
Group Watson Building School of Physics and Astronomy The University of
Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT GBR, Tel: 44 121 414 6469, Fax: 44 121
414 3722, email: gms@star.sr.bham.ac.uk
SH03 The Termination Shock, Heliosheath, and
Heliopause
Observations from spacecraft in the distant heliosphere are revealing
new and puzzling phenomena. Some, or all, of these are probably
associated with the proximity of the spacecraft to the solar wind
termination shock, heliosheath, or heliopause. We encourage contributed
abstracts dealing with the above mentioned topics.
Conveners: Joe Giacalone, University of Arizona, Lunar and
Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA, Tel: (520) 621-4396, Fax:
(520) 626-8250, email: giacalon@lpl.arizona.edu, and J. R. (Randy)
Jokipii, University of Arizona, Department of Planetary Sciences,
Tucson, AZ 85721 USA, Tel: (520) 621-4256, Fax: (520) 626-8250, email:
jokipii@lpl.arizona.edu
SH04 Space Science Research With Societal
Consequences
Emerging technologies are more sensitive to conditions in the space
environment than ever before. These technical systems will increasingly
depend on basic space science research to effectively mitigate against
potential hazards in the space environment. This session will focus on
recent theoretical, numerical, and observational studies that enhance
our understanding of the connected Sun-Earth system with an emphasis on
those results that will directly improve the ability to specify and
forecast conditions in space. Topics include predicting solar flares
and energetic particle events, characterizing of geomagnetic storms and
the radiation belts, and determining ionospheric and thermospheric
structure and variability.
Conveners: David Gary Sibeck, NASA/HQ, Code S, Washington, DC
20546-0001 USA, Tel: 1-202-358-0727, Fax: 1-202-358-3987, email:
dsibeck@hq.nasa.gov, and Robert Robinson, NSF, 4201 Wilson Blvd.,
Arlington, VA 22230 USA, Tel: 1-703-292-8529, Fax: 1-703-292-9022,
email: rmrobins@nsf.gov, and Vic Pizzo, NOAA, 325 Broadway ,
Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 1-303-497-6608, Fax: 1-303-497-3645, email:
vpizzo@sec.noaa.gov
SH05 Abundance Variations in the Solar Corona,
Solar Wind, and Solar Energetic Particles
The Sun contains the bulk of solar system material, and spacecraft can
directly sample this material with optical observations of the corona
and in situ measurements of solar energetic particles and the solar
wind. Understanding the variability of the elemental, isotopic, and
charge-state composition of the corona, solar wind, and solar energetic
particles is crucial for determining how these samples originate from
the Sun's reservoir of largely unfractionated material, the outer
convective zone. High-resolution measurements of the composition of
coronal, solar wind, and energetic particles are increasingly
highlighting their variability. The abstracts in this session will not
only focus on our increased capabilities to observe and characterize
these variations with the instrumentation on spacecraft such as Ulysses,
Wind, SOHO, ACE, and RHESSI, but will also present theoretical
interpretations and consequences of this variability.
Conveners: Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, IEAP, University of
Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 11, Kiel, 24118 DEU, Tel: + 49 431 880 3964, Fax: +
49 431 880 3968, email: wimmer@physik.uni-kiel.de, and Joseph Mazur,
The Aerospace Corporation, M2/259 2350 El Segundo Blvd., El Segundo, CA
90245-4691 USA, Tel: 310-336-2389, Fax: 310-563-3165, email:
joseph.mazur@aero.org, and Rick Leske, California Institute of
Technology, M/C 220-47, Downs Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA, Tel:
626-395-8400, Fax: 626-449-8676, email: ral@citsrl.srl.caltech.edu, and
John Raymond, Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., MS 15, Cambridge,
MA 02138 USA, Tel: 617-495-7416, Fax: 617-495-7049, email:
jraymond@cfa.harvard.edu
SH06 Physics of Eruptions in the Low Solar
Atmosphere
Modern instruments (TRACE, RHESSI, MK4, SOHO, Yohkoh, BBSO, MICA) are
providing better observations of solar eruptions on or near the disk. As
new details are revealed, theorists are challenged to provide
quantitative explanations of the observed structures and their
evolution. Phenomena of interest include preeruption structures (loops,
filaments, active regions), initiation and acceleration of CMEs in the
near-Sun regime (1.0-6 R_Sun), and other observational signatures of
solar eruptive events. The purpose of this session is to see what
conclusions can be drawn from these new data. For example, do the new
data test or constrain previous theoretical ideas about flares and CMEs?
Do studies of the data suggest new avenues of theoretical
investigation? We solicit contributions that present new observational
results, new theoretical ideas and predictions, or quantitative
theoretical modeling of the data.
Conveners: Jonathan Krall, Naval Research Laboratory, Code
6794 4555 Overlook Ave, SW, Washington, DC 20375-5346 USA, Tel: 202 404
7719, Fax: 202 767 0631, email: krall@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil, and Gareth
R. Lawrence, NASA Goddard SFC, MC 682 3 Bldg 26/Rm 001 , Greenbelt, MD
20771 USA, Tel: (301) 286 2941, Fax: (301) 286 0264, email:
grl@kreutz.nascom.nasa.gov, and Peter Gallagher, NASA GSFC, Lab
Astronomy & Solar Physics Code 682, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel:
(301) 309 1274, Fax: (301) 286 1617, email:
peter.t.gallagher@gsfc.nasa.gov
SH07 Roles of Electromagnetic Waves in
Reconnecting Space and Laboratory Plasmas
Magnetic reconnection is one of the long-outstanding physics phenomena,
which plays important roles in dynamics of both space and laboratory
plasmas. The physics mechanisms behind the observed fast reconnection
have been a subject of extensive research over the past several decades.
Recently, there has been growing interest in instabilities of the
reconnecting current sheet. At the same time, both electrostatic and
electromagnetic waves have been successfully detected in laboratory
plasmas and space plasmas during the process of fast reconnection.
Therefore it is timely to host a session on this topic at the AGU Fall
Meeting. Objectives of the proposed session are to provide a focused
platform for scientific exchange among scientists from both space and
laboratory communities. Theories and numerical simulations will play an
important role in bridging two communities together by provide a
unifying physics understanding. We expect an enthusiastic response to
the call of this session.
Conveners: Hantao Ji, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, PO
Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543-0451 USA, Tel: 609-243-2162, Fax:
609-243-2160, email: hji@pppl.gov, and William Daughton, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, MS B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel:
505-665-4111, email: daughton@lanl.gov, and Giovanni Lapenta, Los
Alamos National Laboratory, MS K717, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel:
505-667-4394, email: lapenta@lanl.gov, and Tony Lui, Applied Physics
Laboratory, John Hopkins, USA, email: Tony.Lui@jhuapl.edu
SH08 Coronal Magnetic Fields: From Models to
Measurements
Recent progress in physical modeling of the corona and in measuring
coronal magnetic fields have created the potential for major
breakthroughs in solar physics. New measurements of coronal magnetic
fields will first be reviewed. Predictions of the coronal magnetic field
from numerical models will then be examined. Furthermore, constraints on
the coronal magnetic field from heliospheric observations will be
discussed. The purpose of this session is to combine these inputs and to
discuss requirements for future routine measurements of the solar
corona and its magnetic field.
Conveners: Thomas H Zurbuchen, University of Michigan,
Department of AO&SS Space Research Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA, Tel: 734-647-6835, email: thomasz@umich.edu, and Joan Burkpile,
High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, USA, email: iguana@hao.ucar.edu, and
Roberto Casini, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, USA, email:
casini@ucar.edu, and George Fisher, University of California Berkeley,
USA, email: fisher@ssl.berkeley.edu, and Jeff Kuhn, University of
Hawaii, USA, email: kuhn@ifa.hawaii.edu
SH09 The Sun's Spectrum and Life on Earth
Earth receives its primary energy from the Sun in the form of
electromagnetic radiation that spans a wide range of wavelengths, from
the ultraviolet to the infrared. The atmosphere, surface, and oceans
transmit, absorb, reflect, and scatter this radiation in different ways
depending on wavelength. Changes in the Sun's radiation spectrum, whose
integral defines the total solar irradiance, are potential causes of
climate and global change via radiative and dynamical processes that may
include direct surface heating, altered circulation patterns and cloud
formation, modulation of ozone, and the North Atlantic Oscillation. As
a result, understanding and modeling a multitude of terrestrial
processes and their temporal variations depend upon reliable knowledge
of the Sun's spectrum and its variability. A new generation of
instrumentation that includes, for the first time, the capability to
measure the entire solar spectral irradiance simultaneously with total
irradiance, was launched recently on the Solar Radiation and Climate
Experiment (SORCE). NPOESS will continue operational measurements of
TSI including the new spectral capability, but not before 2012. One aim
of this session is to convey the new solar spectrum and variability
results emerging from SORCE, in the context of lessons learned from past
and ongoing solar monitoring and future needs. Equally important, the
session aims to bring together research from a wide variety of
disciplines, which require precise solar spectrum measurements. This
session is dedicated to the memory of Mikhail I. Budyko, author of
"Climate and Life" and many other works, who died recently at age 81, in
St Petersburg, Russia, where he directed the Division for Climate
Change Research at the State Hydrological Institute.
Conveners: Gary Rottman, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space
Physics, University of Colorado, Campus Box 590, Boulder, CO 80309 USA,
Tel: 303 492 8324, Fax: 303 492 6444, email:
gary.rottman@lasp.colorado.edu, and Robert Cahalan, NASA/Goddard Space
Flight Center/913, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301 614 5390, Fax:
301 614 5493, email: Robert.F.Cahalan@nasa.gov, and Judith Lean,
Naval Research Laboratory, MC 7673L, , Washington, DC 20375 USA, Tel:
202 767 5116, Fax: 202 404 7997, email: jlean@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil
SH10 Radio Remote-Sensing of the Corona
and Heliosphere
The seven to eight decades of the radio window (300 GHz to 3 kHz)
essentially correspond to the plasma frequencies starting from the solar
chromosphere to the far reaches of the interplanetary medium. Only at
these wavelengths does the "photosphere" extend into the heliosphere.
Thus, radio remote sensing is a unique way of probing the heliosphere
as well as the disturbances propagating through it. Radio waves
produced by shocks and electron beams during solar eruptions can be
tracked throughout the Sun-Earth connected space providing physical
information on the disturbances and the interplanetary space. Free-free
emission from prominences in the microwave frequencies allow us to
track them to several solar radii from the Sun. The interplanetary
density inhomogeneities scatter radio waves from natural and man-made
radio sources and the scattered radiation provides valuable information
on the turbulence spectrum of the interplanetary medium. The radio
technique, perfected over half a century, continues to be a unique way
of probing those regions of space where in situ observations can be
made only in the distant future. This special session attempts to bring
together observers and theorists to evaluate the current status of the
field. Papers that discuss radio investigations of the
coronal/interplanetary medium and the disturbances propagating through
it are requested.
Conveners: N. Gopalswamy, NASA, Code 695.0 Bldg 21 Room 260
NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001 USA, Tel: 301-286-5885, Fax:
301-286-1433, email: gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Hugh Hudson, UC
Berkeley, Space Sciences Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450 USA, Tel:
510-643-0333, Fax: 510-643-8302, email: hhudson@ssl.berkeley.edu
SPA-Solar and Heliospheric Physics also presents jointly with
the following Special Sessions:
SM04 Sun-to-Earth Elements and Linkages That Drive
Geoeffectiveness
SM06 Sun-Earth Connections: Linked Models
SM08 Exploring the Digital Geospace: Modern Methods of
Spatial Data Analysis
SPA-Magnetospheric Physics
SM00 General SPA-Magnetospheric Physics
Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to SPA-Magnetospheric Physics may be
submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit
into one of the approved, preorganized SPA-Magnetospheric Physics
sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program
Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the
abstracts received.
Conveners: Robert Strangeway, UCLA IGPP, 2712 Geology Bldg.
405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA, Tel: 310-206-6247, Fax:
310-206-3051, email: strange@igpp.ucla.edu
SM01 Is a New Lexicon Required for
High-Latitude Field-Aligned Current Systems?
Ever since the pioneering work on field-aligned currents (FAC) by
Iijima and Potemra in the mid-1970s, the terms Region 1 (R1) and Region
2 (R2) have been in common use to describe the basic configuration of
the FAC systems linking the inner and outer magnetosphere with the polar
ionosphere. Later on, the terms Region 0 (R0) and NBZ were added to the
lexicon describing other features that had been observed by satellites
or reconstructed from ground-based data. These terms have been
sufficient in describing various components of the global,
three-dimensional FAC system, as seen in single-satellite passes through
one MLT sector. Works that are more recent have used magnetic field
measurements made by multiple satellite passes for deriving global (but
mainly polar) maps of the upward and downward current patterns as a
function of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength and
direction. These maps show a more complex structure and evolution in the
FAC systems as the IMF vector rotates. Although the basic R1/R2 and
R0/NBZ patterns that were observed before can be still seen, their
definitions now appear to be more ambiguous. For example, what might be
considered as a R1 current footprint often wraps around, through noon
or midnight, connecting with either R2 or R0 currents, without any
obvious boundary line. Furthermore, the R0 currents can be seen to
evolve into the NBZ system, again without an obvious dividing line. Thus
the space physics community is now challenged by the question of if the
old terminology is still adequate, or if new definitions and lexicon
are required in describing the morphology and evolution of various
high-latitude field-aligned current systems. Abstracts addressing this
topic are encouraged.
Conveners: Daniel Weimer, Mission Research Corporation, 589
West Hollis Street, Suite 201 , Nashua, NH 03062-1323 USA, Tel:
603-886-8860 x211, Fax: 603-886-8861, email: dweimer@mrcnh.com, and
Vladimir Papitashvili, Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of
Michigan, 2455 Hayward Street , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel:
703-292-7417, Fax: 703-292-9079, email: papita@umich.edu
SM02 Dynamic Aurora: The Role of Alfvén
Waves in I-M Coupling
Study of large-scale inverted V potential structures in auroral physics
has produced a mature understanding of their development and role in I-M
coupling. On the other hand, an appreciation for the development of
Alfvén-dominated aurora, their large associated energy fluxes
into the ITM system, and their role in I-M coupling has only recently
emerged, based on new in situ observations conducted with
state-of-the-art particle and field sensors. Alfvén-dominated
auroras can carry relatively large kinetic and electromagnetic energy
flux into the ITM system, yet they seem to be highly localized and
dynamic. Some Alfvén-dominated aurora may be connected to
magnetospheric reconnection sites and are associated with ion outflow.
Most recently, several studies have combined simultaneous in situ and
optical techniques to associate optical auroral forms with their
particle and field signatures. This session will focus on the current
state of knowledge of Alfvén waves in auroral physics and I-M
coupling. Abstracts that focus on either observations (in situ and
remote) or modeling of auroral Alfvén waves and their role in
energy transfer, particle acceleration, and I-M coupling are solicited.
Conveners: Jim Spann, NASA/MSFC, , Huntsville, AL 35812 USA,
Tel: (256) 961-7512, email: jim.spann@nasa.gov, and Craig Pollock,
SwRI, , San Antonio, TX 78228 USA, Tel: (210)522-3978, email:
cpollock@swri.edu
SM03 The Electrodynamics of the Cusp and the
Open/Closed Field Line Boundary Region, and the Cusp Ionosphere
The Earth's cusps constitute critical coupling links in space between
the ionosphere, the magnetosphere, and the magnetosheath and solar wind.
The cusp ionosphere is both a sink and a source region for energy and
particles that couple to other regions of the magnetosphere. Further,
the cusp ionosphere provides experimental signatures of these processes,
via ground measurements from radar and optical instruments, as well in
situ measurements on rockets launched from Spitzbergen, Norway.
Satellite measurements, such as those on DMSP, FAST, Polar, and
Cluster, add to the wealth of new experimental data, and are
particularly effective when combined with the ground-based observations.
Such experimental data provide new evidence of how the plasma and
electrodynamics change across the open/closed field line boundary. This
session focuses on both experimental and theoretical advances in the
cusp that address in particular magnetospheric-ionospheric coupling and
the electrodynamics of the open/closed field line boundary region in the
ionosphere.
Conveners: Robert Pfaff, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,
Mail Code 696, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-286-6328, Fax:
301-286-1648, email: rob.pfaff@gsfc.nasa.gov, and Per Even Sandholt,
University of Oslo, , , NOR, email: p.e.sandholt@fys.uio.no, and Tim
Yeoman, Univ. of Leicester, GBR, email: yxo@ion.le.ac.uk
SM04 Sun-to-Earth Elements and Linkages That
Drive Geoeffectiveness
The capability now exists to observe the full radiative, chemical, and
dynamical consequences of solar events throughout the upper atmosphere
and identify processes that allow penetration of these effects to lower
altitudes. These observations provide the basis for an improved view of
atmospheric geoeffectiveness. Combining observations from various
satellite and ground-based instruments distributed at vantage points
throughout the Sun-Earth system and from data-driven models, we can
identify elements (some of them previously unappreciated) that
contribute to or enhance the geoeffectiveness of solar events at Earth.
We are only now beginning to understand the importance of juxtaposed
conditions (i.e., low solar wind density and an intense solar wind
superhalo; southward IMF and high solar wind dynamic pressure; CMEs that
lift off with high speed, etc.) and the complex response of the coupled
regions in geospace (moderate B_z south in CMEs, sawtooth oscillations,
and recurrent substorms; extreme excursions of B_z south and saturation
of the polar cap potential, etc.) that make this geoeffectiveness
difficult to predict. An enhanced understanding of geoeffectiveness is
critical to move beyond predictions that just involve occurrence
probability and overall storm intensity to details of the range of upper
atmospheric effects that are expected to result from particular types
of events at the Sun. The ongoing community analysis of the 14-24
April 2002 events is based on these concepts, and model/data
comparisons that explain features of the events are one focus of this
session. We encourage abstracts that identify geoeffective elements in
portions of or over the entire Sun-Earth chain through event/modeling
studies, statistical analysis, or empirical predictions.
Conveners: Janet U. Kozyra, University of Michigan, Space
Physics Research Lab 2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel:
734-647-3550, Fax: 734-647-3083, email: jukozyra@engin.umich.edu, and
Nicola J. Fox, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Space
Department (SRA) 11100 Johns Hopkins Road , Laurel, MD 20723 USA, Tel:
240-228-3529, Fax: 240-228-1641, email: nicola.fox@jhuapl.edu, and
Elsayed R. Talaat, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns
Hopkins Rd., Laurel, MD 20723-6099 USA, Tel: 240-228-3971, Fax:
240-228-6670, email: elsayed.talaat@jhuapl.edu, and David F. Webb, ISR,
Boston College, , , MA 01731-3030 USA, Tel: 781-377-3086, Fax:
781-377-3160, email: david.webb@hanscom.af.mil
SM05 Jovian Magnetospheric Environment Science
for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO)
The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) will provide unprecedented
opportunities for investigation of the Jovian magnetosphere and its
interactions with icy surfaces of Galilean moons, putative subsurface
oceans of these moons, Jupiter's upper atmosphere and rings, and the
interplanetary solar wind. Greatly increased power and telemetry will
enable new kinds of in situ and remote-sensing measurements. Many months
in orbit around each moon, and around Jupiter, will allow long-term
surveys of magnetic field, plasma, energetic particle, neutral gas,
dust, and electromagnetic components of local moon environments and the
large-scale magnetosphere. Abstracts are solicited on magnetospheric
science, instrumentation, and techniques for JIMO.
Conveners: John F Cooper, Raytheon Technical Services Company,
LLC, Space Physics Data Facility, Code 632 NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301) 286-1193, Fax: (301)
286-1771, email: jfcooper@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Krishan K Khurana,
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California
at Los Angeles 405 Hilgard Ave. , Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA, Tel: (310)
825-8240, Fax: (310) 206-8042, email: kkhurana@igpp.ucla.edu
SM06 Sun-Earth Connections: Linked Models
In the era of Living With a Star (LWS), it is becoming increasingly
clear that our understanding of the Sun-Earth connections requires the
development of coupled models that provide linkage from the Sun to the
Earth’s atmosphere. Such models can be empirical, semiempirical, or
physics-based. Of particular interest for this session is the
development of "end-to-end" models, but contributions that discuss
models and approaches that treat just portions of the complete system
are also encouraged. Contributions that deal with the challenges of
coupling codes and data assimilation in the context of linked models
also are welcome.
Conveners: Daniel Baker, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space
Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA, Tel: 303-492-4509,
Fax: 303-492-6444, email: Daniel.Baker@lasp.colorado.edu, and Robert
Clauer, University of Michigan, 1024 Space Research Lab 2455 Hayward
Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel: 734 763-6248, Fax: 734
763-0437, email: rclauer@umich.edu
SM07 The Role of the Plasmasphere in
Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Dynamics
The outer plasmasphere plays an important role in a variety of
ionospheric and magnetospheric processes both directly (in the form of
Coulomb scattering) and indirectly (as the site of ELF and ULF wave
generation). Recent observations have shown the direct connection of the
outer plasmasphere to midlatitude ionospheric density enhancements and
ring current loss during storms. In addition, several radiation belt
models invoke ULF/ELF waves generated at or near the plasmapause to
scatter and energize radiation belt particles. This session seeks
contributions of recent studies that demonstrate and clarify the role of
the plasmasphere in ionospheric and magnetospheric processes.
Conveners: Mark Moldwin, University of California, Los
Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 USA, Tel:
310-825-5556, email: mmoldwin@ucla.edu, and John Foster, Millstone
Hill Observatory, MIT Haystack Observatory Route 40 , Westford, MA 01886
USA, Tel: 781-981-5621, email: jcf@haystack.mit.edu
SM08 Exploring the Digital Geospace: Modern
Methods of Spatial Data Analysis
Synoptic, long-term data sets from ongoing missions provide us with
continuous coverage of the dynamic events in the near-Earth space
environment, rather than the brief glimpses of the recent past. The
fusion between observational and numerical data is rapidly becoming more
comprehensive. Often the question is posed, What are the optimal
analysis methods to use for a given geospace plasma environment, and
which physics issues do they resolve? This session focuses on
cutting-edge techniques and ensuing important results that were
practically inconceivable a few years ago: (1) spatial and temporal
filtering; (2) data assimilation; (3) ensemble forecasting and numerical
perturbation analysis; (4) data mining; and (5) visualization, including
virtual reality tools. These nonlinear methodologies produce
qualitatively different information from traditional techniques. They
allow for a more complete coverage of the four-dimensional configuration
of plasma structures; insights into their formation, composition, and
decay; and ways to distinguish and quantify the effects of simultaneous
drivers in the same environment. Such methods are expected to be highly
significant as interdisciplinary chains of models are developed for
research and space weather forecasting.
Conveners: Dimitris Vassiliadis, USRA, NASA/Goddard Space
Flight Center,, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-286-9060, Fax:
301-286-1433, email: vassi@electra.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Robert W Schunk,
Utah State University, 4405 Old Main Hill SER 246, Logan, UT 84322-4405
USA, Tel: 435-797-2978, email: schunk@cc.usu.edu, and Ludger
Scherliess, Utah State University, 4405 Old Main Hill SER 246, Logan, UT
84322-4405 USA, Tel: 435-797-7189, Fax: 435-797-2992, email:
ludger@gaim.cass.usu.edu, and Shing F Fung, NASA/Goddard Space Flight
Center, MC 632, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-286-6301, Fax:
301-286-1771, email: fung@mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Robert S Weigel,
CISM/KT, LASP, U. Colorado 1234 Innovation Dr., Boulder, CO 80303-7814
USA, Tel: 303-492-1259, Fax: 303-492-6444, email:
robert.weigel@lasp.colorado.edu
SPA-Magnetospheric Physics also presents jointly with the
following Special Sessions:
P06 Science Rationale for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter
Mission
SA03 Observations and Modeling of Small-Scale Processes
in the High-Latitude E Region
SH04 Space Science Research With Societal Consequences
SH07 Roles of Electromagnetic Waves in Reconnecting
Space and Laboratory Plasmas
AE04 Electrical Effects of Thunderstorms on the Middle
and Upper Atmosphere
Tectonophysics
T00 General Tectonophysics Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Tectonophysics may be submitted
to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of
the approved, preorganized Tectonophysics sessions. General
contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions
will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. The
Tectonophysics Section is truly interdisciplinary, with ties to
seismology, geodesy, planetology, geomagnetism/paleomagnetism, and
volcanology. Its members cultivate an interest in geodynamical processes
and deformation from the scale of individual crystals to mantle
convection and plate tectonics through the study of rock mechanics,
mineral physics, seafloor geology and morphology, continental and marine
tectonics and structural geology, and the thermal regime and mass
balance of the Earth. An enduring challenge facing tectonophysicists is
to relate processes and measurements at Earth's surface to their
origins at depths that can't be directly observed. Better measurements,
whether in the laboratory, at sea, in deep drill holes, or from
satellites, are revealing unexpected complexity that often challenges
simplified descriptions and standing models. This is nowhere better
illustrated than in the continents, where basic issues like the
strength of the lithosphere, strength of major plate boundary faults,
the origins of the mountain belts, and the mechanics of intraplate
seismicity remain unresolved.
Conveners: Adrian Lenardic, Department of Geology and
Geophysics, MS-126, Houston, TX 77251-1892 USA, Tel: 713-348-4883, Fax:
713-348-5214, email: adrian@esci.rice.edu, and Yuri Fialko, University
of California, San Diego, IGPP 225, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, Tel:
858-822-5028, Fax: 858-534-5332, email: fialko@radar.ucsd.edu
T01 Role of Large Strike-Slip Faults in
Tectonics of the Tibetan Plateau
The history and tectonic significance of strike-slip faulting in the
Cenozoic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen has been the subject
of much debate, and currently many competing models for the role of
strike-slip faulting within the Tibetan Plateau exist. Views on the
significance of unquestionably large, but poorly understood, strike-slip
fault systems such as the Karakoram, Kunlun, Altyn Tagh, and Haiyuan
faults range widely. Extrusion models consider these faults to have
large magnitude offsets and high slip rates that accommodate plate-like
motion of lithosphere. In contrast, other models regard the faults as
structures that accommodate differential shortening and link fold-thrust
belts; these models predict lower slip magnitudes and rates. Better
constraints on the slip rate, slip magnitude, and slip history of the
major strike-slip faults on the Tibetan Plateau promise a key test of
the relative importance of plate-like and distributed deformation
throughout the evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen.
Conveners: Bradley Ritts, Utah State University, Department of
Geology 4505 Old Main Hill , Logan, UT 84322-4505 USA, Tel:
435-797-7096, Fax: 435-797-1588, email: ritts@cc.usu.edu, and Yongjun
Yue, Stanford University, Dept. of Geological and Environmental
Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305-2115 USA, Tel: 650-724-2627, Fax:
650-723-0979, email: yongjun@pangea.stanford.edu, and Steve Graham,
Stanford University, Dept. of Geological and Environmental Sciences
Bldg. 320, Stanford, CA 94305-2115 USA, Tel: 650-723-0507, Fax:
650-723-0979, email: graham@pangea.stanford.edu
T02 Seismotectonics of the Eastern San
Francisco Bay Area
Eastern San Francisco Bay Area faults, part of the large-scale San
Andreas Fault System, juxtapose rocks with very different rheologic
properties, properties that may influence earthquake processes and have
implications for earthquake hazards, earthquake potential, and long-term
fault evolution. Some faults creep at the ground surface yet have
potential for large earthquakes; for example, the creeping Hayward fault
is thought to be the most likely location of the next damaging Bay Area
earthquake. Efforts utilizing a combination of geologic, geophysical,
and seismological techniques will be required to understand the
structure, physical properties, and dynamics of the faults in this
highly urbanized area. We welcome contributions from any of these fields
that address topics such as segmentation, structural and geologic
controls on seismicity, the surface and depth distribution of creep,
recurrence intervals, and fault interactions at depth in the eastern
San Francisco Bay Area.
Conveners: Diane E Moore, U. S. Geological Survey, 345
Middlefield Road MS/977 , Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-4825,
Fax: 650-329-5143, email: dmoore@usgs.gov, and David A Ponce, U. S.
Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road MS/989, Menlo Park, CA 94025
USA, Tel: 650-329-5314, email: ponce@usgs.gov
T03 Earthquake Geology and Hazards of East Asia
The 1995 Kobe and 1999 Chi-Chi earthquakes have accelerated the study
of active faulting and folding in east Asia. Recent geologic studies
along active faults and folds have yielded new results on cumulative
coseismic displacements, earthquake recurrence and structural styles.
This session seeks to bring together scientists who are exploring the
neotectonics and paleoseismology of east Asia. We welcome contributions
that aid the understanding of earthquake processes and hazards in east
Asia.
Conveners: Charles Martin Rubin, Central Washington University,
Department of Geological Sciences, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA, Tel:
509-963-2827, Fax: 509-963-1109, email: charlier@geology.cwu.edu, and
Yue-Gau Chen, National Taiwan University, Department of Geosciences,
Taipei 106, TWN, Tel: 886-2369-7648, Fax: 886-2363-6095, email:
ygchen@ccms.ntu.edu.tw, and Karl Mueller, University of Colorado, Dept.
Geological Sciences, Boulder, CO 80309-0399 USA, Tel: 303-492-7336, Fax:
303-492-2606, email: Karl.Mueller@colorado.edu, and Yuichi Sugiyama,
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology,
Active Fault Research Center Site 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
305-8567 JPN, Tel: 81-29-861-3694, Fax: 81-29-852-3461, email:
sugiyama-y@aist.go.jp
T04 Causes and Consequences of Lateral
Heterogeneity in the Earth's Mantle
With recent advances in our ability to image the three-dimensional
structure of the mantle, and in our knowledge of phase equilibria and
material properties at high pressures, we are in a position to assess
the consequences for our understanding of the thermal and chemical
evolution of the planet. Recent years have seen a renewed interest in
understanding the origin and dynamical consequences of the
three-dimensional structure of the mantle in terms of spatial variations
in composition, temperature, and phase. We encourage contributions that
seek to integrate seismology, mineral physics, and/or geodynamics
toward a better understanding of geophysical observations from the
surface to the core-mantle boundary.
Conveners: Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni, University of
Michigan, Department of Geological Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA,
Tel: 734 647-9938, Fax: 734 763-4690, email: crlb@umich.edu, and Lars
Stixrude, University of Michigan, , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Tel: 734
647-9071, Fax: 734 763-4690, email: stixrude@umich.edu
T05 Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Processes and Progress
Much work has been conducted since the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) Workshop
in Hawaii, 2002 (see Eos volo 84, p. 3). This session is an opportunity
to share recent results and for newcomers to learn about this study site
of the NSF MARGINS and Japanese Subduction Factory programs.
Contributions are encouraged from anyone currently working on the
geology, geophysics, or geochemistry of the subducting plate, forearc,
volcanic arc, or backarc of the entire IBM system, the history of the
Philippine Sea Plate as it affects IBM, or other forcing functions
applicable to the arc.
Conveners: Jim Gill, UCSC, Earth Sciences, Santa Cruz, CA
96064 USA, Tel: 831-459-3842, Fax: 831-459-3074, email:
jgill@es.ucsc.edu, and Simon Klemperer, Stanford, USA, email:
sklemp@pangea.stanford.edu, and Yoshi Tamura, IFREE/JAMSTEC, JPN,
email: tamuray@jamstec.go.jp
T06 Structure and Evolution of Nonvolcanic
Rifted Margins
Continental rifting leading to seafloor spreading is a fundamental
component of the plate-tectonic cycle that still is poorly understood.
The processes that attend continental separation (crustal thinning,
volcanism, faulting, uplift, and eventual thermal subsidence) profoundly
modify continental edges and leave behind important geological records
of their operation. To understand these processes, we need detailed
information on lithospheric structure and the stratigraphic record, both
from continental edges in submarine settings and from fossil margins
now exposed on land. In addition, data from conjugate margins are
important for determining the degree to which rifting processes and
development of the sedimentary record are symmetrical on opposing
margins. This session focuses on nonvolcanic rifted margins. Data
acquired in recent years show these margins to be structurally complex,
manifesting such varied features as differential thinning of continental
crustal layers, multiple generations of normal faulting, development of
metamorphic core complexes, extensive exhumation and serpentinization
of mantle, association with early ultraslow seafloor spreading, and
contrasting thermal and subsidence histories between margin conjugates.
This session is intended to foster new insights into the evolution of
nonvolcanic margins from recently acquired geological, geophysical, and
drilling data, as well as from synthesis of existing data. We
particularly encourage abstracts that compare and contrast conjugate
margins and that provide new perspectives from subaerial as well as
submarine environments.
Conveners: Brian E. Tucholke, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, Clark 241, MS 22, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1541 USA, Tel:
508-289-2494, Fax: 508-457-2187, email: btucholke@whoi.edu, and
Jean-Claude Sibuet, Ifremer Centre de Brest, B.P. 70, 29280 Plouzane
Cedex FRANCE, , FRA, Tel: (33) 2.98.22.42.33, Fax: (33) 2.98.22.45.49,
email: jcsibuet@ifremer.fr, and Dale S. Sawyer, Rice University,
Department of Earth Science, MS 126, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892,
Houston, TX 77001 USA, Tel: 713-348-5106, Fax: 713-348-5214, email:
dale@rice.edu
T07 Analysis of Plate Boundary Deformation
Using Stress and Strain Rate Data in Tandem
The observed patterns and modes of plate boundary deformation represent
a superposition of separate geomechanical processes operating at
different temporal and spatial scales. This session will focus on (1)
geodetic, seismologic, and geologic methods of distinguishing different
components of the crustal deformation field, (2) identifying the
corresponding tectonic processes (e.g., interseismic locking effects and
secular plate motions), and (3) jointly interpreting tectonic stress and
strain rate fields in terms of a superposition of these processes. We
particularly welcome contributions that address methods of reconciling
short- and long-term observations of plate boundary deformation, or the
constraints on lithospheric rheology imposed by the joint
interpretation of those observations.
Conveners: John Townend, Victoria University of Wellington,
School of Earth Sciences P.O. Box 600, Wellington, NZL, Tel: 64 4 463
5411, Fax: 64 4 463 5186, email: john.townend@vuw.ac.nz, and Stephane
Mazzotti, Geological Survey of Canada, National Earthquake Hazards
Program 7 Observatory Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1A OY3 CAN, Tel: 613 992
0240, Fax: 613 992 8836, email: smazzotti@nrcan.gc.ca, and Shin'ichi
Miyazaki, Stanford University, Department of Geophysics, Stanford, CA
94305-2215 USA, Tel: 650 725 5472, Fax: 650 725 7344, email:
miyagsi@pangea.stanford.edu, and Kelin Wang, Geological Survey of
Canada, Pacific Geoscience Centre 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, BC V8L
4B2 CAN, Tel: 250 363 6429, Fax: 250 363 6565, email:
wang@pgc.nrcan.gc.ca
T08 Taking the Measure of Deforming Landscapes
Digital topography of active mountain belts represents one of the most
significant and relatively untapped data sources for studies of the
interaction of tectonic and surface processes. These data are becoming
increasingly available to the Earth science community, as are ever more
sophisticated models that couple tectonic and surface processes in the
prediction of mountainous topography. One of the important challenges
for the community remains the ability to extract from both real and
simulated landscape geomorphic fingerprints that characterize tectonic
or climatic forcings. Is there a unique signature of tectonic
displacement or base level fall? Can climatic forcing be recognized and
distinguished from tectonics? Are there measures of the landscape that
our community has yet to exploit? For example, can we learn from
investigators of interfaces and surface growth? This session aims to
bring together investigators who measure the landscape with a view to
addressing active tectonic and climatic forcings and over length scales
ranging from individual structures to mountain belts.
Conveners: Michael Alexander Ellis, Ctr. Earthquake Research and
Info., University of Memphis, 3876 Central Avenue, Suite 1, Memphis, TN
38152 USA, Tel: 901 678 4980, Fax: 901 678 4734, email:
ellis@ceri.memphis.edu, and Alexander L. Densmore, Institute of Geology,
Department of Earth Sciences, ETH, ETH Zentrum, CH-8092, Zurich, CHE,
Tel: 41 1 632 0418, Fax: 41 1 632 1080, email: densmore@erdw.ethz.ch
T09 Development of Fault Systems Through Time:
Process and Rates.
We encourage abstracts that investigate the evolution of fault systems
on timescales from millions of years to years. We welcome both
field-based observations and modeling studies, particularly those which
constrain fault growth rates and those which provide insights into fault
mechanics from the evolution of faulting.
Conveners: Jonathan Mark Bull, Southampton Oceanography Centre,
SOES European Way , Southampton, S014 3ZH GBR, Tel: 44 (0)2380 593078,
Fax: 44 (0)2380 593052, email: bull@soton.ac.uk, and Patience Cowie,
Edinburgh University, Department of Geology and Geophysics Kings
Buildings West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW GBR, Tel: 44 (0)131 650
5886, Fax: 44 (0) 131 668 3184, email: Patience.Cowie@glg.ed.ac.uk, and
Nancye Dawers, Tulane University, Department of Earth &
Environmental Sciences 120 Dinwiddie Hall 6823 St Charles Ave , New
Orleans, LA 70118 USA, Tel: 504-862-3200, Fax: 504-865-5199, email:
ndawers@tulane.edu
T10 Structure and Dynamics of Oceanic Upper
Mantle
The oceanic upper mantle holds the key to understanding the dynamics of
plate tectonics and mantle convection. In recent years, models have
been developed to describe a number of important dynamic processes
beneath the oceans, including melt generation and transport, boundary
layer instabilities, and development of flow-induced anisotropic fabric.
A new generation of seismic instrumentation and imaging, geodynamic
theory and modeling, and geochemical and petrological techniques are
being used to constrain and evaluate these models. In this session we
want to bring together observational studies on the structure of
oceanic upper mantle and crust and modeling studies (both computational
and experimental) on the rheology and dynamics of the oceanic mantle.
Conveners: Jim Gaherty, Georgia Institute of Technology,
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA, Tel:
404-894-1992, email: gaherty@eas.gatech.edu, and Jun Korenaga, Yale
University, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, New Haven, CT 06520 USA,
Tel: 203-432-7381, email: jun.korenaga@yale.edu, and Shijie Zhong,
University of Colorado, Dept. of Physics, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel:
303-735-5095, email: szhong@anquetil.colorado.edu
T11 At the Seismogenic Front: Dynamic Processes
at Convergent Margins
Current multidisciplinary research is rapidly changing our view of the
shallow subduction zone processes governing strain accumulation and
release, fault mechanics, fault hydrogeology, tsunamigenesis, and
earthquake dynamics. This session will provide a forum for new results
in geophysical imaging, experimental fault mechanics, seismic source
processes, geodetics, structural geology, in situ studies, and other
topics related to the shallow subduction zone environment. We welcome
submissions on any topic related to forearc dynamics and the seismogenic
zone at any convergent margin, especially those highlighting the Nankai
Trough of southwestern Japan and the Middle America Trench, the two
focus sites of the MARGINS SEIZE program.
Conveners: Harold Tobin, New Mexico Tech, Earth and
Environmental Science Dept. 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801 USA, Tel:
505-835-5920, Fax: 505-835-6436, email: tobin@nmt.edu, and Kohtaro
Ujiie, IFREE/JAMSTEC, Institute for Frontier Research on Earth Evolution
Japan Marine Science and Technology Center 3173-25 Showa-machi,
Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0001 JPN, Tel: +81-45-778-5467, Fax:
+81-45-778-5439, email: ujiiek@jamstec.go.jp, and Susan Bilek, New
Mexico Tech, Earth and Environmental Science Dept. 801 Leroy Place,
Socorro, NM 87801 USA, Tel: 831-459-4426, Fax: 831-457-3076, email:
sbilek@ees.nmt.edu, and Demian Saffer, University of Wyoming, Dept. of
Geology and Geophysics P.O. Box 3006, Laramie, WY 82071 USA, Tel:
307-766-2981, Fax: 307-766-6679, email: dsaffer@uwyo.edu
T12 Ground and Space Methods for Monitoring EM
Preearthquake Phenomena
This session will consider the existence and cause of the
electromagnetic (EM) phenomena related to the occurrence of earthquakes.
We encourage abstracts describing EM signals caused by changes in the
state of stress in the Earth's crust prior to earthquakes with main
focus on electrical, electromagnetic, and infrared (IR) phenomena and
methods for their monitoring. EM signals related to the strong
earthquake are still widely debated in the science community. Several
reasons contribute to the cautious assessment, among them a lack of
understanding the link between the seismo-mechanical processes on the
ground and the ionospheric and electromagnetic events. Contributions are
solicited on all potential EM earthquake related phenomena and their
precursors in different frequency ranges observed and documented by lab
measurements, ground-based and remote sounding methods, and satellite
probes.
Conveners: Dimitar Ouzounov, NASA/Goddard, SSAI/MS 902,
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301)614-6523, Fax: (301)614-5268, email:
ouzounov@eosdata.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Friedemann Freund, San Jose State
University, Ames Research Ctr MS 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000
USA, Tel: (415)604-5183, email: ffreund@mail.arc.nasa.gov, and Patrick
Taylor, NASA/Goddard, NASA Goddard SFC MC 921, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001
USA, Tel: (301)614-6454, Fax: (301)614-6522, email:
ptaylor@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Stephen Park, University of
California, Riverside, Dept Earth Science, Riverside, CA 92521 USA, Tel:
(909)787-4501, Fax: (909)787-4324, email: steve.park@ucr.edu, and Carol
Raymond, JPL/NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr MS 183-501, Pasadena, CA
91109-8099 USA, Tel: (818)354-8690x490, Fax: (818)393-5059, email:
carol.a.raymond@jpl.nasa.gov
T13 Drilling at the Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O)
This session will focus on the scientific results from ODP Leg 200
which drilled at the Hawaii-2 Observatory halfway between Oahu and
California (Site 1224) and which also drilled Nuuanu Landslide deposits
about 300 km northeast of Honolulu (Site 1223). Two boreholes were
drilled near the Hawaii-2 Observatory which have access to the Hawaii-2
junction box and submarine cable. These boreholes can be used for
continuous real-time monitoring of geophysical, microbiological, and
geochemical instrumentation in the igneous ocean crust. Microbial
structures were identified in basalts cored in Hole 1224F. At the Nuuanu
Landslide site, deposits were recovered which indicate that two
pyroclastic events, similar to the 1980 Mount St. Helens' eruption, but
an order of magnitude larger, occurred on the Koolau volcano (Oahu)
about 2 million years ago.
Conveners: Ralph A Stephen, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, 360 Woods Hole Road (MS24), Woods Hole, MA 02543-1552 USA,
Tel: 508-289-2583, Fax: 508-457-2150, email: rstephen@whoi.edu, and
Junzo Kasahara, Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo,
1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032 JPN, Tel: +81-3-5841-8272, Fax:
+81-3-5689-7234, email: kasa2@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp
T14 New Views of the Structure and Composition
of the Deep Earth
The aim of this session is to present the latest developments and
findings in the field of high-pressure experimental mineral physics, as
well as work aimed at constraining or modeling the composition and
structure of the Earth based on experimental data. Mineral physics is
the key to providing critical data (with an input from geodynamics) for
constraining Earth models derived from seismological and geochemical
studies. Indeed, only through high quality experiments can we fine-tune
our knowledge of the composition and structure of the planet, whether on
the global scale (bulk composition, transport properties) or on the
local scale (chemical heterogeneities, phase separation, silicate—liquid
interaction). Recently, with the advent of new high resolution seismic
imaging techniques and accurate three-dimensional geodynamical
modeling, profound questions about the structure and dynamics of the
lower mantle and the chemistry and nature of the D" layer have been
raised; how can high-pressure mineralogy directly address these
observations? How can it address the problem of light elements and
seismic anisotropy in Earth’s core? We solicit contributions related to
these issues from high-pressure mineralogists working in the field of
deep Earth mineral physics. We also solicit contributions from a
broader range of disciplines dedicated to the study of the deep Earth,
such as seismology, geochemistry, and geodynamics.
Conveners: Daniel L Farber, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, L-201 4000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA, Tel:
925-424-2256, Fax: 925-423-1057, email: farber2@llnl.gov, and James
Badro, Université Paris VI - Institut de Physique du Globe, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Paris, FRA, email:
james.badro@ens-lyon.fr
T15 Late Cenozoic Tectonics, Climate, and
Topography in the Central and Southern Andes
The Central and Southern Andes are perpendicular to two major but
opposite atmospheric circulation regimes that have prevailed since
Miocene time. Tectonically controlled surface uplift and construction of
topography by volcanism have resulted in drastic changes of the amount,
spatial distribution, and seasonality of precipitation controlling
erosion sedimentation and landscape development, and possibly
influencing along-strike development of tectonic styles. The
availability of space-based geodesy and high-resolution DEMs, combined
with increasingly accurate dating of deformation at the million year
timescale, as well as emerging techniques for paleoenvironment and
paleoclimate studies make this noncollisional mountain belt an
exceptional laboratory for studying the temporal and spatial relations
among tectonics, climate, and mountain building.
Conveners: Rick Allmendinger, Cornell University, Dept. of
Earth & Atmospheric Sciences Snee Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca,
NY 14853-1504 USA, Tel: (607) 255-3376, Fax: (607) 254-4780, email:
rwa1@cornell.edu, and Benjamin Brooks, University of Hawaii, , ,
USA, email: bbrooks@soest.hawaii.edu, and Manfred Strecker, University
of Potsdam, DEU, email: strecker@geo.uni-potsdam.de
T16 Heat Sources in the Core
Secular cooling and the decay of radioctive elements in the Earth's
interior power the thermal and chemical evolution of our planet. The
relative importance of these heat sources in the core is established by
processes that occur during Earth's formation and early evolution,
primarly the segregation into metallic core and silicate Earth. While
the presence of a significant amount of long-lived radioactive elements
in the core has been controversial for many decades, there is recent
evidence from geochemistry and mineral physics that support the
partitioning of a significant amount of radioactive elements, primarily
potassium, into the core. The resulting heat production in the core has
important implications for the thermal evolution of the Earth and the
dynamic processes powering the Earth's dynamo and mantle convection,
both at present and through geologic history. This session will bring
together researchers from many fields of the deep Earth science,
integrating current research from geochemistry and mineral physics with
the geodynamic implications for radioactive heat production in the core.
Conveners: Gerd Steinle-Neumann, University Bayreuth,
Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University Bayreuth, Bayreuth, DEU, Tel:
+49-921-553702, Fax: +49-921-553769, email:
g.steinle-neumann@uni-bayreuth.de, and Bruce Buffett, University of
Chicago, Geophysical Sciences, Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Tel: 773-702-8107,
Fax: 773-702-9505, email: buffett@geosci.uchicago.edu
T17 The Structure and Physical Properties of
Grain Boundaries in Rocks
Grain boundaries and phase boundaries are important structural defects
in rocks. In polycrystalline, multiphase materials, grain interfaces are
present in many different configurations forming extended
three-dimensional networks very much like the networks of liquid films
that constitute foams. Even though grain boundary structures are
measured on the nanometer scale, large-scale properties of rocks such as
elasticity, strength, electrical conductivity, and diffusive mass
transport depend on the physical and chemical properties of grain
boundaries. Consequently, geodynamic processes involving rock
deformation, fluid transport, metamorphic reactions, melting, and melt
segregation all depend critically on the properties of grain boundaries.
Our conceptual view of the grain boundary structure stems largely from
observations on metals and ceramics. However, since the mineralogical
properties and chemical composition of rocks are significantly more
complex, we simply do not know to what extent existing grain boundary
models are representative for rocks. We need to understand the structure
and transport properties of grain and phase boundaries present in Earth
materials on the atomic scale. Recent implementation of new analytical
techniques and significant advances in high-resolution microstructure
analysis are about to fundamentally change our view of structure and
physical properties of grain boundaries. With enhanced computational
power and new software development, sophisticated atomic-scale models
can now be tested against experimental observations. The session will
cover four thematic topics from experimental, analytical, and modeling
perspectives of grain boundaries: (1) high-resolution microstructure
investigation of natural and synthetic grain and phase boundaries; (2)
modeling of grain boundary structures and processes; (3) physical
properties of grain boundaries such as conductivity and diffusivity;
(4) strain localization in crust and mantle; and (5) interface
diffusion controlled creep of crustal and mantle rocks.
Conveners: Georg H. Dresen, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam,
Telegrafenberg D425, Potsdam, 14473 DEU, Tel: 49-331-2881320, Fax:
49-331-2881328, email: dre@gfz-potsdam.de, and David L. Kohlstedt,
University of Minnesota, Department of Geology and Geophysics Pillsbury
Hall 310 Pillsbury Dr. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, Tel:
612-626-1544, Fax: 612-625-3819, email: dlkohl@umn.edu, and Wirth
Richard, GeoforschungsZentrum Potsdam, C 120 Telegrafenberg, Potsdam,
14473 DEU, Tel: 49-3312881319, email: wirth@gfz-potsdam.de
Tectonophysics also presents jointly with the following
Special Sessions:
S07 Crustal Seismic Anisotropy as a Measure of Tectonic
Deformation
S16 Seismic Hazards in the Great Basin
U02 The Contributions of 20 Years of Scientific Ocean
Drilling
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental,
and Observational Constraints
B12 From Mantle to Microbe: Ridge2000 Research and
Progress
G05 Before PBO: What Do We Know?
G12 Insights Into the Earthquake Cycle
GP02 Magnetic Anisotropy and Its Applications
GP09 Tectonic and Geochronologic Applications of
Sedimentary Paleomagnetism
GP10 Magnetic Petrology and its Applications to
Tectonics, Remote Sensing, and the Martian Climate
GP11 Conductivity From Crust to Core
H01 Quantifying Rates of Geomorphic Processes
H02 Earth Surface: Processes and Landscapes (POSTER)
H03 Extreme Event Geomorphology
H13 Interactions Between Fluids and Fractures
H15 The Influence of Scale on Characterization of
Fractured-Rock Aquifers
H38 Influence of Hydrologic and Geomorphic Processes on
Surface Water Quality
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas
Hydrate From Around the Globe
OS09 Gas Hydrates in Accretionary Complexes
P04 Faulting and Fault-Related Processes on Planetary
Surfaces
S03 Earthquake Hazards of Greater Tokyo: Eighty Years
After Kanto
S05 Stress Transfer, Triggered Earthquakes, and
Time-Dependent Seismic Hazard
S06 New Views of Seismic Hazard in Cascadia
S08 Subduction and Lithospheric Deformation in South
America
S10 The Energy Budget of the “Earthquake Machine”
S11 The African Superswell Province: From Core to Crust
S15 Mechanical Strength of the Continental Lithosphere
S17 Theories of Earth's Interior
V02 The Growth and Collapse of Hawaiian Volcanoes
V04 Modeling Metamorphism
V05 Many Facets of Garnet: Recorders of Crust and Mantle
Dynamics
V09 Birth, Growth, and Death of Magmatic Arcs:
Comparisons Among Arcs in Different Settings
V10 Crustal and Mantle Processes in Ophiolites and Ocean
Crust Generation
V11 Rift Zones on Volcanic Islands: Structure,
Evolution, and Magmatic Processes
V15 The First Historical Eruption of Anatahan Volcano,
Mariana Islands
V12 The Origins of Hot Spots, LIPS, Seamount Chains and
Volcanic Ridges
NG05 Space-Time Pattern Discovery and Forecasting in
Complex Fault Networks
NG06 From Microscale to Macroscale: Models for
Material Damage Mechanics and Earth System Dynamics, and Their Relation
to Seismicity and Earthquakes
ED06 Education and Outreach Efforts of Major Research
Facilities and Organizations
Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology
V00 General Volcanology, Geochemistry, and
Petrology Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Volcanology, Geochemistry, and
Petrology may be submitted to this session, particularly if your
abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized
Volcanology, Geochemistry, and petrology sessions. General contributions
will be Peviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed
based on the content of the abstracts received. The chemical and
physical evolution of rocks and minerals falls under the purview of the
Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section. Significant research
topics include (but are not limited to) isotope geochemistry and
geochronology, geochemical and petrologic evolution of the crust,
mantle, and core of the Earth, physical and chemical dynamics of magma
formation, migration, storage, and eruption, physical volcanology and
volcanic hazards, chemical evolution of the solid Earth, interactions
between the solid Earth and its fluid envelopes, applications of
geochemistry to study of the history of those fluid envelopes, including
paleooceanographic and paleoclimate studies, and biogeochemistry.
Development of new methods of geochemical analysis, experimental
investigations, and physical and geochemical modeling are also of
considerable interest. VGP overlaps strongly with other Sections, such
as Planetary Sciences, Tectonophysics, Seismology, Geomagnetism and
Paleomagnetism, Hydrology, and Biogeosciences.
Conveners: Marc M. Hirschmann, University of Minnesota,
Department of Geology 108 Pillsbury Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA,
Tel: 612-625-6698, Fax: 612-625-3819, email:
marc.m.hirschmann-1@umn.edu, and Thomas W. Sisson, Volcano Hazards Team,
MS-910 U.S. Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025
USA, Tel: 650-329-5247, Fax: 650-329-5203, email: tsisson@usgs.gov
V01 Centennial Celebration of Radioisotopic
Geochronology: Dates, Rates, and New Debates
In the 100 years since the discovery of radioactive transformation of
elements, radioisotopic dating has changed Earth and planetary science
in profound ways, as it itself has also changed dramatically. The
originally straightforward objective of measuring the age of the Earth
has evolved into a wide range of innovative and sophisticated methods
for constraining rates and dynamics of a wide range of processes. Decay
systems once thought useless or prohibitively difficult now provide
exciting insights into new problems, and geochronometric results
regularly open entirely new areas of exploration. This session will
focus on new developments and innovations in geochronology and
thermochronology, and will provide a forum for highlighting new results
and interpretations arising from radioisotopic dating that challenge
existing ideas or motivate new research directions. The goal is to
emphasize the dynamic and versatile face of geochronology, while
assessing progress and changing perspectives in the last century. We
encourage abstracts from researchers addressing both methodology and
innovative applications in geochronology, from the panoply of
subdisciplines spanning the earth and planetary sciences, including
early solar system evolution to Quaternary surficial processes.
Conveners: Peter W Reiners, Yale Univeristy, Dept. of Geology
and Geophysics , New Haven, CT 06520 USA, email:
peter.reiners@yale.edu, and Paul R Renne, Berkeley Geochronology Center,
USA, email: prenne@bgc.org
V02 The Growth and Collapse of Hawaiian
Volcanoes
The Hawaiian Islands are the most studied hot spot-related ocean island
chain on Earth, and recent work on the submarine flanks of the islands
has revealed much about their internal structure and development. Giant
submarine landslides off island flanks, as well as less catastrophic
volcano spreading and slumping processes, are now recognized as integral
to the life cycles of the islands. Volcaniclastic sedimentation during
island building, interplay between volcano growth and subsidence, and
the formation of rift zones play important roles as well. James Moore
has led the way in pinpointing many of the critical processes outlined
above. In this session we solicit abstracts that present new results on
all aspects of volcano growth, structure, and deformation that build on
his fundamental contributions to our understanding of the development of
the Hawaiian Islands, as well as other ocean island volcanoes.
Conveners: Michelle L Coombs, USGS Menlo Park, USA, email:
mcoombs@usgs.gov, and Barry Eakins, USGS Menlo Park, USA, email:
beakins@usgs.gov, and Eiichi Takahashi, Tokyo Institute of Technology,
JPN, email: etakahas@geo.titech.ac.jp
V03 Melting of the Mantle and Formation of
Basalt Magmas: Experiments, Field Studies, and Models
Lherzolite and eclogite constitute the Earth’s upper mantle.
Experimental petrologic studies of melting of these rocks provide
fundamental constraints on the origin of basalts that form the bulk of
the crust of the Earth. Experimental and analytical techniques have
greatly improved over the past decade and many new experimental studies
have been conducted in various laboratories. These new generation
experiments, field studies, marine geophysical experiments, and vast
amounts of high-quality geochemical analyses of rocks have given us the
much needed tools to decipher how the Earth works. The system
CaO-MgO-Al^2O^3-SiO^2 system serves as a foundation to our quantitative
understanding of the phase equilibrium controls on magma generation and
lithosphere formation. Dean Presnall and his students and postdocs have
meticulously studied this complicated system over the past three decades
and contributed significantly to our understanding of the phase
equilibrium constraints of basalt magma generation at mid-oceanic ridges
and in hot spot environments. This session will honor him by presenting
new results from melting of mantle lithologies, including peridotite and
eclogite, field studies, and models of oceanic lithosphere generation.
Conveners: Gautam Sen, Florida International University, Dept
Geology, Miami, FL 33199 USA, Tel: (305)348-2299, Fax: (305)348-3877,
email: seng@fiu.edu, and Michael Walter, Institute for Study of the
Earth''s Interior , Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa Tottori,
682-0193 JPN, Tel: 81858433732, Fax: 81858433450, email:
walter@misasa.okayama-u.ac.jp, and Gudmundur Gudfinnsson, Geophysical
Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW,
Washington, DC 20015-1305 USA, email: g.gudfinnsson@gl.ciw.edu, and
Shantanu Keshav, Florida International University, Dept Geology, Miami,
FL 33199 USA, Tel: (305)348-2365, Fax: (305)348-3147, email:
skesha01@fiu.edu
V04 Modeling Metamorphism
Modeling in metamorphic studies provides insight into understanding
those fundamental processes by which metamorphism occurs, from the
submicron to the kilometer scale. Modeling helps direct acquisition of
new experimental data and guides us to new observations in the
laboratory and the field, and it enables a better understanding of
metamorphic processes as they relate to lithospheric evolution.
Contributions are encouraged from a wide array of subdisciplines that
use modeling to understand metamorphic processes and lithospheric
evolution. Examples include, but are not limited to, spatial and
temporal evolution of burial, orogenesis, and exhumation; mechanisms of
geochemical differentiation of the crust and mantle; transport of heat
and mass; nucleation and growth of crystals, and microstructural and
textural development; fluid flow and melting, from ore deposits to
global chemical cycles; and quantification of extensive variables to
understanding metamorphic belts.
Conveners: Michael Brown, University of Maryland, Dept
Geology, College Park, MD 20742-4211 USA, Tel: (301)405-4080, Fax:
(301)314-9661, email: mbrown@geol.umd.edu, and Barb Dutrow, Louisiana
State University, Dept Geology & Geophysics E235 Howe Russell Bldg,
Baton Rouge, LA 70803-4101 USA, Tel: (225)578-2525, Fax: (225)578-2302,
email: dutrow@geol.lsu.edu
V05 Many Facets of Garnet: Recorders of Crust
and Mantle Dynamics
The chemical and physical properties of garnets have long been central
to petrologic and structural studies of the continental crust and mantle
because garnets may record the pressure, temperature, strain, and fluid
histories of rocks through time. In recent years, new techniques have
improved our ability to probe the chemical composition, isotopic
systematics, and microstructures of garnets and therefore to better
understand metamorphic and magmatic processes. Methods and applications
include (1)chemical studies of major, trace, and volatile elements in
garnets and inclusions in garnets to understand the evolution of the
crust and mantle, the rates and mechanisms of high-T geologic processes
(heating, burial/decompression, mineral growth, deformation), and the
record of fluid-rock interactions in the Earth through time; and(2)
microstructural studies to document brittle and ductile processes in the
continental crust and mantle. We welcome contributions that use
garnet-based studies to understand petrologic and tectonic processes. In
particular, we encourage abstracts from investigators using
high-resolution methods to characterize and interpret the composition
and microstructures of garnets in a petrologic or structural context.
Conveners: Donna L Whitney, University of Minnesota, USA, email:
dwhitney@umn.edu, and Derek Vance, University of London, Dept Geology
Royal Holloway-Egham, Surrey, TW20 OEX GBR, Tel: 44-908-858509, Fax:
44-908-655151, email: d.vance@gl.rhul.ac.uk, and David Hirsch, Western
Washington University, USA, email: hirschd@cc.wwu.edu, and Richard
Spiess, Universita'' di Padova, ITA, email: richard.spiess@unipd.it
V06 Volcanic Emissions to the Troposphere:
Fluxes, Feedbacks, Impacts
Erupting and degassing volcanoes are responsible for the release of
prodigious quantities of gases and particles to the atmosphere. While
the volcanic contribution of certain species (such as SO^2) to the
stratosphere during short-lived explosive eruptions is well established,
continuous emissions to the tropospheric complement of sulphur and, in
particular, nonsulphur species (including halogen-bearing gases and
aerosols; metals and metalloids; halocarbons and other organic
compounds) is much less well developed. Consequently, little is known
about the role of volcanoes in the biogeochemical cycles of key trace
species, whether toxins or nutrients, (e.g., Hg, Se, As, Cd, Fe..); the
impact, whether positive or negative, of environmentally significant
emissions on local, regional, and global scales; or indeed the effects
on biosystems, and the human health implications, of these unexceptional
but considerable 'background' emissions. We encourage contributions
that address any of the following topics, whether from a
volcanological, atmospheric, biogeochemical, or human or animal health
perspective; and we solicit contributions that consider these topics on
any temporal or spatial scale (whether local, regional, or global): (1)
emission rates of gases or particles from volcanoes to the troposphere
whether by direct emission from hot magma; as by-products of reactions
following plume-atmosphere interactions; or by release from volcanic
soils and hydrothermal systems; (2) the contribution of volcanic
emissions to the tropospheric 'background' of trace gas species,
including volatile heavy metals (e.g., mercury) and metalloids; (3) the
contribution of volcanoes to the tropospheric aerosol burden of, for
example, mineral dust, sulphate, halide, nitrate and trace metals; (4)
modeling of tropospheric aerosol or tropospheric chemistry and the
sensitivity to potential volcanic inputs; (5) examples of interaction
between volcanic emissions and the biosphere on all scales: direct and
indirect feedbacks; animal and human health impacts; impacts on
vegetation; (6) volcano-atmosphere interactions, from the free
troposphere to urban atmospheres; and (7) new techniques for quantifying
the release, transport, or deposition of volcanic emissions
Conveners: David Pyle, Cambridge University, Dept Earth
Sciences Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ GBR, Tel: 44-1223-333400, Fax:
44-1223-333450, email: dmp11@cam.ac.uk, and Clive Oppenheimer,
Cambridge University, Dept Geography Downing Plac, Cambridge, CB2 3EN
GBR, Tel: 44-223333386, Fax: 44-223333392, email: co200@cam.ac.uk, and
Michael Herzog, University of Michigan, 1541A Space Research Bldg 2455
Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel: (734)936-0491, Fax:
(734)764-5137, email: herzogm@umich.edu
V07 Isotopic Constraints on Rates of Building
Active Volcanoes
Understanding rates of volcanic evolution is critical for distilling
geologic histories, developing physical and chemical models, and
assessing volcanic hazards. High-precision geochronology using a variety
of isotopic tools (U-Th-Pb, U-Th-He, K/Ar, 40Ar/39Ar, 14C, etc.) have
sufficient resolution to constrain these rates. In concert with
geologic mapping, geochemistry, and paleomagnetic constraints,
geochronology generates rich data sets on the physical and chemical
evolution of volcanic systems. This session solicits contributions
dedicated to the high-precision chronology of active volcanic centers.
Conveners: Andrew Calvert, USGS Menlo Park, MS 910 345
Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: (650)329-5276, Fax:
(650)329-4664, email: acalvert@usgs.gov, and Brad Singer, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept Geology & Geophysics 1215 West Dayton
St, Madison, WI 53706-1692 USA, Tel: (608)265-8650, Fax: (608)262-0693,
email: bsinger@geology.wisc.edu
V08 Light Element Geochemistry: Insights Into
High-Temperature Processes
New insights into high-temperature processes are being realized because
of recent analytical advances in the analyses of trace light elements
and their isotopes. Several nontraditional light isotope systems are
beginning to mature (e.g., Li, B, Mg, Cl), providing novel data and
information about processes as diverse as magmatism, high-T
metamorphism, and crust-mantle recycling. In addition, new data for
light element partitioning and diffusion provide experimental
constraints on the mechanisms and rates of processes affecting the
geochemistry of these elements. This symposium will bring together
scientists from diverse backgrounds who are examining high-temperature
processes using constraints provided by light element studies. We
welcome a range of experimental, petrological, chemical, and isotopic
investigations of these elements related to high-temperature Earth
processes. We also welcome contributions detailing technical advances in
isotopic and abundance measurement of light elements in geological
materials.
Conveners: Bill McDonough, University of Maryland, USA, email:
mcdonoug@geol.umd.edu, and Craig Lundstrom, Univ. of Illinois-Urbana
Champaign, USA, email: lundstro@uiuc.edu, and Adam J.R. Kent, Oregon
State University, USA, email: adam.kent@geo.orst.edu
V09 Birth, Growth, and Death of Magmatic Arcs:
Comparisons Among Arcs in Different Settings
Subduction initiation, convergence, and melt generation, migration, and
emplacement are among the major processes that combine in a myriad of
different ways at arcs. When arcs, both modern and ancient, are
compared and contrasted, several themes emerge as important controls on
arc evolution. These include (1) melt volume; overall amount and
processes of internal differentiation; (2) effects of crustal
composition on lithospheric strength and deformation partitioning; (3)
the role of hydrous phases and fluids in melt generation and
composition; (4) vertical displacements and the role of magmatic versus
tectonic “loading” during different stages of arc growth; (5) variations
in initial crustal architecture; (6) the degree of vertical
coupling/decoupling between different crustal levels and what controls
this process; and finally (7) What can the magmatic products of
volcanoes tell us about the internal workings of arcs? To address arc
evolution from different viewpoints, such as the spectrum from petrology
to tectonics and from geochonrology to geophysics, we strongly encourage
contributions from a wide variety of studies. The session will
emphasize the use of different approaches, from field-based research,
experiments, and modeling, to help elucidate the variations and
similarities between modern and ancient arc systems.
Conveners: Tracy Rushmer, University of Vermont, USA, email:
trushmer@zoo.uvm.edu , and Keith Klepeis, University of Vermont, USA,
email: kklepeis@zoo.uvm.edu, and Jon P Davidson, University of Durham,
GBR, email: J.P.Davidson@durham.ac.uk
V10 Crustal and Mantle Processes in Ophiolites
and Ocean Crust Generation
Although the paleotectonic niche occupied by ophiolites is not
identical to that of modern ridges, there are clear similarities in
terms of processes that encourage cross-fertilization between these two
fields. Considerable advances have been made in our understanding of how
flour-dimensional observations from ophiolites can be applied to ocean
ridge processes. Conversely, structural, petrological, and geochemical
data derived from deep drilling and seafloor observations of oceanic
crust provide significant constraints on the mode and nature of crustal
and mantle processes, resulting in a better understanding of
ophiolites. Abstracts that focus on igneous, structural, and metamorphic
aspects of this first-order petrogenetic problem are solicited. We
encourage researchers from both the ophiolite and marine
geology/geophysics communities to contribute to this forum. Possible
themes for the mantle aspects include the following: (1) deformation
mechanisms and fabric development in the mantle, and links to melt
segregation; (2) mechanisms of melt transfer and reaction in the mantle;
are melt inclusions faithful records of preaggregation melts? (3)
generation of intramantle dunite-chromitite dykes; are they cumulates in
open channels, results of percolative reaction, or gas streaming? (4)
the role of the Moho and other rheological and density hererogeneities
in inhibiting (underplating) or focusing (lateral injection) melt
transfer from the mantle. For the plutonic crustal aspects, possible
themes include (5) the nature of the ophiolite pseudo-stratigraphy
(fractionation or successive underplating and intra-plating?); (6) how
deformation is partitioned between crust and mantle, and within the
crust; (7) the role of melt in controlling intracrustal deformation;
(8) how residual melt aggregates and is transferred within the crust;
(9) how the normal faults that dissect the upper, brittle layer, are
rooted in the ductile lower crust; and (10) how the nature, geometry,
and distribution (i.e., scale, spacing, depth) of faulting differ from
slow to fast spreading crust and how these parameters affect
hydrothermal processes and the deep biosphere in oceanic lithosphere.
Conveners: Jean Bédard, Natural Resources
Canada-Geological Survey of Canada, CAN, email: jbedard@nrcan.gc.ca, and
Yildrim Dilek, Miami University, USA, email: dileky@muohio.edu, and
Henry J.B. Dick, Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., USA, email:
hdick@whoi.edu
V11 Rift Zones on Volcanic Islands: Structure,
Evolution, and Magmatic Processes
The objective of this session is to highlight studies about intrusive
growth and the origin and evolution of rift zones on large volcanoes.
The accumulation of intrusions and eruptive centers along active
volcanic rifts may (1) cause deformation at the surface, (2) interact
with gravitational spreading, flank instability, and giant landslides,
(3) result in hydrothermal and structural barriers, (4) promote lateral
migration, accumulation and geochemical diversification of magmas, and
(5) be responsible for the shape of volcanoes. Dynamics of magma
reservoirs at rift zones may also change and interact with other
volcanic, tectonic, and extrinsic processes, while prevolcanic
structures and basement constitution may likewise play an important
role. Studies about the dynamic and structural significance of rift
zones and associated stress and strain, as well as studies about the
influence on petrological and geochemical processes, are welcome. Of
particular interest are comparisons of new findings to existing models
of Hawaii and Iceland. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of this
topic, we encourage contributions on all aspects of intrusion and rift
zone studies, with particular emphasis on dynamic processes, feedback
mechanisms, and petrology.
Conveners: Thomas R. Walter, RSMAS - University of Miami, USA,
email: twalter@rsmas.miami.edu, and Andreas KLüGEL,
Universität Bremen, DEU, email: akluegel@uni-bremen.de, and Juan
Carlos Carracedo, Estación Volcanológica de Canarias
IPNA-CSIC, ESP, email: jcarracedo@ipna.csic.es
V12 The Origins of Hot Spots, LIPS, Seamount
Chains and Volcanic Ridges
Melt anomalies take many forms, including nearly stationary hot spots
such as Hawaii, large igneous provinces (LIPs) such as the Ontong-Java
plateau, and small seamount chains or volcanic ridges that migrate
rapidly and may have no clear age-progression. Theories for their
origins are proliferating, with the traditional plume model now being
joined by models involving shallow depths of origin, low temperatures,
lithospheric extension, crack propagation, variable mantle fertility,
tectonic complexities, gravitational instabilities, and small-scale
convection of the upper mantle. Abstracts presented in this
cross-disciplinary session will include observations, theory, and models
that bear on the structures, processes, causes, and origins of melt
anomalies of all types. Case histories of individual volcanic
provinces, general theories, and multidisciplinary studies including
geophysics, tectonics, petrology, geochemistry, and mantle dynamics are
all encouraged.
Conveners: Gillian R Foulger, University of Durham, GBR, email:
g.r.foulger@durham.ac.uk, and Dean C Presnall, Geophysical Laboratory,
Carnegie Institution of Washington, USA, email: presnall@utdallas.edu,
and James H Natland, RSMAS Univ. Miami,, USA, email:
jnatland@rsmas.miami.edu, and Donald Forsyth, Brown University, USA,
email: Donald_Forsyth@BROWN.EDU, and Kathleen E Donnelly,
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, USA, email:
donnelly@ldeo.columbia.edu, and David Naar, University of South
Florida, USA, email: naar@marine.usf.edu
V13 U-series in Continental Environments:
Soils, River, and Ground Waters
Over the past few years, there has been considerable interest in
understanding the behavior of U-series nuclides in the continental
environment including soils, aquifers, rivers, or hydrothermal systems,
because these natural radioactive tracers can provide estimates of
timescale of weathering and transport. This renewed focus stems in part
from the considerable improvement of sensitivity of recent instruments
for measuring of low-level nuclides in water samples. This session
solicits contributions regarding sampling, data collection, and modeling
of U-series nuclides in crustal environments. We hope to improve our
understanding of the factors controlling the transport and relative
fractionation of U-series as well as to refine geochemical models.
Conveners: Bernard Bourdon, Institut de Physique du Globe de
Paris, FRA, email: bourdon@ipgp.jussieu.fr, and François
Chabaux, Université de Strasbourg, FRA, email:
fchabaux@illite.u-strasbg.fr, and Don Porcelli, University of Oxford,
GBR, email: Don.Porcelli@earth.ox.ac.uk
V14 Modern Trends in Petrography: Textural and
Microanalysis of Igneous Rocks
Crystal populations in volcanic and plutonic rocks are complex and
often recycled, shedding doubt over many whole rock isotopic geochemical
data. The answers to this potential problem lay in detailed
petrographic analysis of crystal populations. This session aims to bring
together the textural analysis and microanalysis communities in order
to share ideas and techniques which are driving the modern trends in
petrography. Workers whose interests include textural analysis and
quantification of igneous rocks, applications of laser and microdrilling
to crystal populations, and modeling of growth and chemical exchange
during crystal population evolution are encouraged to submit a
contribution. People developing new or applying and refining existing
techniques are particularly welcome.
Conveners: Dougal A Jerram, University of Durham, Department of
Earth Sciences, Durham, DH1 3LE GBR, email: D.A.Jerram@dur.ac.uk, and
Bruce D Marsh, Johns Hopkins University, M. K. Blaustein Dept. Earth
& Planetary Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA, email:
bmarsh@jhu.edu, and Jon P Davidson, University of Durham, Department of
Earth Sciences, Durham, DH1 3LE GBR, email: J.P.Davidson@dur.ac.uk
V15 The First Historical Eruption of Anatahan
Volcano, Mariana Islands
The first historical eruption of Anatahan volcano in the Mariana
Islands began on 10 May 2003. The eruption has been well documented by
satellite observations, several sampling trips, and seismological
instrumentation fortuitously installed 4 days prior to the eruption. We
encourage the submission of abstracts that discuss the geophysical and
volcanological observations of the eruption as well as the geochemistry
and petrology of the recently erupted materials. In addition, we
welcome abstracts that discuss the implications of these observations
for our understanding of geochemical and geodynamical processes
associated with Mariana arc volcanism.
Conveners: Doug Wiens, Washington University, Dept of Earth
and Planetary Sci., St. Louis, MO 63130 USA, email:
doug@seismo.wustl.edu, and Tobias Fischer, University of New Mexico,
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Northrop Hall , Albuquerque,
NM 87131 USA, email: Fischer@unm.edu, and David Hilton, Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, Geosciences Research Division, La Jolla,
CA USA, email: drhilton@ucsd.edu, and Juan T Camacho, Emergency
Management Office, Capital Hill , Saipan, UMI, email:
juantcamacho@hotmail.com
V16 Medical Mineralogy
Environmental health problems have traditionally been dealt by medical
doctors. However, medical doctors have not been trained to
quantitatively characterize toxic minerals. Traditional geoscience,
however, is changing its current curriculum. Recently, the American
Geological Institute reported that mineralogy is one of the most crucial
subjects to solving problems in many scientific fields and to linking
geology and medicine, and thus medical mineralogy has come into being.
The World Health Organization classified erionite (a zeolite group
mineral), chrysotile (a serpentine type asbestos) and tremolite,
actinolite, grunerite, riebeckite, and anthophyllite (amphibole type
asbestos), and cristobalite (silica group mineral) as human carcinogens.
These minerals, when inhaled, taken orally, or on dermatological
contact, play major roles in a range of human health problems. To assess
the potential toxicity of any of these minerals, quantitative
parameters including size, shape, composition, crystal structure,
surface structure, surface reactivity, surface area, solubility,
durability, tensile strength, porosity, and permeability are important
considerations. Together with the quantitative characterization of
minerals, exposure data are required before any mineral-induced
pathogenesis can be determined. Understanding the possible mechanisms
that may induce, or could preclude, unwanted biological responses, and
suggesting and evaluating prevention, cure, or remediation from
mineral-induced diseases are active areas in medical mineralogy. This
session aims to bring together interdisciplinary scientists including
mineralogists, biologists, biochemists, medical doctors, pathologists,
pharmacists, epidemiologists, and lawyers and will provide an excellent
platform to present their results.
Conveners: Ahmet Umran Dogan, University of Iowa, Department of
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA, email:
umran-dogan@uiowa.edu, and Catherine Skinner, Yale University, , ,
USA, email: catherine-skinner@yale.edu, and Meral Dogan, Hacettepe
University, Department of Geological Engineering, Beytepe, Ankara,
TUR, email: medogan@hacettepe.edu.tr, and Haim Kutiel, Haifa
University, Department of Geography, Haifa, ISR, email:
kutiel@geo.haifa.ac.il
V17 New Frontiers in High-Pressure Research
High-pressure research provides essential data for modeling Earth’s
interior and other planetary interiors. It is a fast advancing field
with many new techniques developed in the last few years. For example,
high-pressure Brillouin scattering, ultrasonic techniques, and nuclear
resonant inelastic scattering have enabled new ways, as well as higher
precision and accuracy, in measuring elastic properties of Earth
materials, especially shear properties that were poorly constrained
before. New deformation apparatus have been developed to allow rheology
studies to higher and higher pressures and temperatures. New
developments have been made in studying properties of liquids at deep
Earth conditions, from microscopic (e.g., structure) to macroscopic
properties (e.g., density and viscosity). Theoretical simulations are
providing increasingly deep insights into understanding and applications
of experimental data. These and many other new developments have opened
new frontiers in mineral and rock physics. On the other hand, recent
developments in seismology, geodynamics, and geomagnetism have pointed
out needs of certain high-pressure studies for better understanding of
Earth’s interior and other planetary interiors. This session aims at
new developments in high-pressure research to important Earth-related
problems. We solicit abstracts that report new findings and apply the
new data to earth sciences. We especially encourage papers that
introduce new techniques, and abstracts from seismology, geodynamics,
and geomagnetism that may point to needs for further development and
collaboration among various fields.
Conveners: Yanbin Wang, GSECARS, University of Chicago, 5640
S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Tel: 630-252-0425, Fax:
630-252-0436, email: wang@cars.uchicago.edu, and Guoyin Shen, GSECARS,
University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Tel:
630-252-0429, Fax: 630-252-0436, email: shen@cars.uchicago.edu
V18 State of the Art in Theory of Materials:
Methods and Applications
First-principles theory of materials has advanced to address many
aspects of all types of materials, including growth, stability,
mechanical, electrical, and thermodynamic properties of crystals,
composites, ceramics, solid solutions and liquids of metals,
semiconductors, insulators, polymers, and their interfaces. A variety of
methods have been developed that range in accuracy and speed, making
them applicable to the diverse problems stated above. The goal of
computational materials research is to develop new understanding of
materials in conjunction with experiments, and to develop new tools that
will lead to design of materials using theory. The same methods are
applicable to materials problems in geophysics and geochemistry, will
help to make predictions about the Earth and planets, provide estimates
of properties that have not yet been measured in the laboratory, and
help us understand mineral and rock behavior. This session will provide
insight into current work and development in material physics, and show
the use of computational material research in the Earth sciences. We
solicit contributions from mineralogy and all fields of geochemistry
that use molecular modeling in their work, as a stand-alone tool or in
the interpretation or understanding of experimental data.
Conveners: Ronald Cohen, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie
Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Rd., N.W., Washington, DC
20015 USA, Tel: 2024788937, Fax: 253-322-2539, email: cohen@gl.ciw.edu,
and Gerd Steinle-Neumann, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University Bayreuth,
, Bayreuth, 95440 DEU, Tel: 49(0)921-55-3702, Fax: 49(0)921-55-3769,
email: G.Steinle-Neumann@uni-bayreuth.de, and Bjoern Winkler, Institut
fuer Mineralogie, Abt. Kristallographie, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-Universitaet, Senckenberganlage 30, D Frankfurt a. M., 60054
DEU, Tel: +49 69 798 28291, Fax: +49 69 798 22101, email:
B.Winkler@kristall.uni-frankfurt.de
Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology also presents jointly
with the following Special Sessions:
S07 Crustal Seismic Anisotropy as a Measure of Tectonic
Deformation
U03 Recent Infrasound Studies, Phenomena, and Development
B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
B12 From Mantle to Microbe: Ridge2000 Research and
Progress
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and
Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B25 Aqueous Microbial Geochemistry
GP02 Magnetic Anisotropy and Its Applications
GP10 Magnetic Petrology and its Applications to
Tectonics, Remote Sensing, and the Martian Climate
H01 Quantifying Rates of Geomorphic Processes
H13 Interactions Between Fluids and Fractures
P07 The Surface Composition of Mars: An Integrated
Picture From Orbital, Telescopic, and in Situ Observations
S06 New Views of Seismic Hazard in Cascadia
S11 The African Superswell Province: From Core to Crust
S15 Mechanical Strength of the Continental Lithosphere
S17 Theories of Earth's Interior
T10 Structure and Dynamics of Oceanic Upper Mantle
T05 Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Processes and Progress
T13 Drilling at the Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O)
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
T17 The Structure and Physical Properties of Grain
Boundaries in Rocks
A14 A Quarter Century of Satellite Measurements by TOMS
NG01 Visualization, Analysis, and Distributed Computing
in Nonlinear Geosciences
T14 New Views of the Structure and Composition of the
Deep Earth
T16 Heat Sources in the Core
Atmospheric and Space Electricity
AE00 General Atmospheric and Space Electricity
Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Atmospheric and Space Electricity
may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not
fit into one of the approved, preorganized Atmospheric and Space
Electricity sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the
Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of
the abstracts received. Atmospheric and Space Electricity plays a
central role in attracting plasma physicists, space scientists, and
middle-atmosphere experts as well as traditional atmospheric electricity
researchers. Topics covered by the area of atmospheric and space
electricity include (but are not limited to) all aspects of the
lightning discharge (naturally occurring or artificially initiated), the
spatial and temporal distributions of lightning activity, the electrical
properties of storms, the mechanisms by which storms become electrified
(including laboratory and numerical simulations), lightning effects on
the chemistry of the atmosphere, the global circuit of atmospheric
electricity, and all aspects of the electrical, mechanical, and
chemical effects of thunderstorm activity on middle and upper
atmosphere. Any contributions relevant in any area over the full
spectrum of the Atmospheric and Space Electricity may be submitted to
this series of the sessions. Accepted contributions will be organized
into appropriate topical sessions.
Conveners: Dennis J. Boccippio, NASA MSFC, 804 Wells Ave.,
Huntsville, AL 35801 USA, Tel: 256-539-8406, email:
Dennis.Boccippio@nasa.gov
AE01 Advances in Lightning and Atmospheric
Electricity Remote Sensing Systems and Algorithms
The capabilities of lightning remote sensing systems and algorithms
have arguably undergone a "sea change" in recent years, spurred by
advances in technology, computer processing power, numerical model
fidelity, and the availability of systematic concurrent ground-and
satellite-based measurements. Examples of technological advances
include, but are not limited to, real-time VHF time of arrival and
interferometric networks, serial sounding capabilities, integrated
long-range detection systems, orbital optical and RF lightning detection
sensors, and thunderstorm numerical models with explicit
electrification. Abstracts in this session are solicited which
demonstrate or describe new remote sensing or modeling capabilities,
present or validate new retrieval or solution algorithms, or demonstrate
validation or calibration of remote sensing systems. Abstracts are
also solicited which demonstrate applications enabled by newly
available data sets, integrated data set applications (e.g.,
radar/lightning or satellite/lightning), or operational algorithms of
societal interest (e.g., weather forecasting) enabled by new lightning
remote sensing systems.
Conveners: Dennis J Boccippio, NASA / MSFC, SD-60, Huntsville,
AL 35812 USA, Tel: 256 961-7909, Fax: 256 961-7979, email:
Dennis.Boccippio@nasa.gov, and Martin Murphy, Vaisala, Inc., 2705 E.
Medina Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706 USA, Tel: 520-806-7458, Fax: 520-741-2848,
email: Martin.Murphy@vaisala.com
AE02 The Physics of Lightning and Storm
Electrification
The processes which underlie thunderstorm electrification and lightning
formation, occurrence, and physical characteristics continue to be an
area of active research and vigorous debate. Detailed understanding of
the microphysical and storm-scale process physics which lead to
lightning are critical to many applications in modeling, forecasting,
and atmospheric chemistry. Abstracts in this session are solicited
which focus on laboratory, observational, or modeling studies of storm
electrification and light |