Full Detail Approved Session Listing

Designators for approved sessions belong to the lead section or focus group abbreviation (i.e., A01 denotes Atmospheric Sciences, P01 denotes Planetary Sciences, etc.) Additionally, approved sessions are listed under all sections or focus groups who have agreed to cosponsor particular sessions. These sessions are listed after the section and focus group primary listing but with the lead section designation. Some technical committees have elected to only cosponsor sessions.

Union

U01 Health, Air Pollution, and Climate
Air pollution contributes to mortality and respiratory disease worldwide, with developing countries often at highest risk. The World Health Organization estimates that between 1.4 and 6 million people die each year from air pollution, and in some populations up to 30% of all respiratory disease may be linked to air pollution. As the climate changes, increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are expected to yield new health challenges and may worsen existing risks. This session will address health impacts of air pollution and linkages between public health and climate change. Increasingly, health-driven projects are employing state-of-the-art modeling and measurement methodologies. We aim to bring together researchers engaged in applying atmospheric science to health issues, engaging a broad cross section of researchers from both developed and developing countries. Abstracts are solicited that address quantitative assessment methodologies for understanding the connections between health, air pollution, and climate. We intend for presentations to reflect research from the areas of atmospheric chemistry, climate change, public health, and public policy, especially where these fields overlap to address health impacts.
Conveners: Tracey Holloway, Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Earth Institute, Columbia University 2960 Broadway Hogan Hall, B-16, New York, NY 10027 USA, Tel: 212 854 9934, Fax: 212 854 6309, email: th2024@columbia.edu, and Galen McKinley, Instituto Nacional de Ecología, Periferico 5000, piso 4 Colonia Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Mexico, DF 04530 MEX, Tel: (5255) 5424 5402, Fax: (5255) 5424 5404, email: galen@alum.mit.edu

U02 The Contributions of 20 Years of Scientific Ocean Drilling
The year 2003 marks 20 years of scientific ocean drilling through the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), which has been widely hailed as perhaps the most successful example of international cooperation in all of geosciences and has resulted in important scientific advances in nearly all subfields of marine geology and geophysics. This year also heralds the formal beginning of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), an even more ambitious international program that will utilize a range of drilling platforms for scientific ocean drilling throughout the world's ocean basins. This session will celebrate the scientific contributions of scientific ocean drilling through the full range of geoscience themes. We particularly solicit abstracts that (1) synthesize interdisciplinary, thematic, or regional results over multiple expeditions, or (2) present historical perspectives on contributions of scientific ocean drilling from DSDP through ODP with an eye to the future contributions of IODP. We also encourage submission of abstracts that relate to the major findings of scientific ocean drilling, including (but not limited to) the evidence for climate change, both abrupt and long-term; the record of sea-level change; microbial presence and processes in the ocean sediments and crust; the nature of oceanic crust; subduction processes; and fluid flow in oceanic crust and sediments and in subduction settings.
Conveners: Keir Becker, University of Miami - RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA, Tel: 1-305-361-4661, Fax: 1-305-361-4632, email: kbecker@rsmas.miami.edu, and Nicklas Pisias, COAS, Oregon State University, , Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 1-541-737-5213, Fax: 1-541-737-2064, email: npisias@coas.oregonstate.edu

U03 Recent Infrasound Studies, Phenomena, and Development
Volcanologists, seismologists, and atmospheric physicists all have used infrasound (<20 Hz atmospheric acoustic waves) to infer characteristics of significant phenomena. Instrumenting, acquiring, and interpreting infrasound signals from natural and man-made activity requires an understanding of how significant phenomena generate long-period sound waves, how these waves propagate through the turbulent atmosphere, and how they can be clearly recorded despite high levels of wind and turbulent noise. The objective of this session is to discuss and present recent advances in the study of these sound waves for the purposes of better understanding source phenomenology and the structure of Earth's atmosphere.
Conveners: Chris Hayward, Department of Geological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750395, Dallas, TX 75275-0395 USA, Tel: 1 214 768-3031, Fax: 1 214 768-4291, email: hayward@smu.edu, and Michael Andrew Huvud Hedlin, Laboratory for Atmospheric Acoustics, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA, Tel: 1 858 534-8773, Fax: 1 858 534-6354, email: hedlin@ucsd.edu

U04 New Advances in Data and Service Access for Support of Science Research and Decision Support (POSTER)
This session focuses on new advances related to making diverse data usable and available to space and Earth science researchers and decision makers. It includes all aspects of the end-to-end data and service flow, from data organization to decision support systems. Topics also include standards, modeling, metadata, interoperability, and tool reuse.
Conveners: Robin Pfister, Mail Code 423, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301 614 5171, Fax: 301 614 5267, email: robin.g.pfister@nasa.gov, and Richard Ullman, Mail Code 423, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301 614 5228, Fax: 301 614 5267, email: richard.ullman@nasa.gov

U05 Earth's Collapsing Dipole
Earth's dipole moment has been decreasing at a rate of approximately 10% in the last 150 years, continuing a downward trend that has persisted over the last 4000 years. The trend has far-reaching implications, ranging from the potential for continued and more extensive satellite radiation damage, to the speculation that the field is heading toward reversal. Large changes in Earth's field may generate corresponding changes in structure of the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Atmospheric changes are known to result from present-day and historical variations in solar activity and might be responsible for accompanying climate changes. The presence or absence of a magnetic field plays an important role in planetary atmospheric conditions, with significant geochemical consequences. The goal of this session is to draw together observations and theoretical and computation studies from a range of geophysical disciplines to understand the nature and implications of this remarkable decrease in dipole intensity.
Conveners: John Tarduno, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, 227 Hutchison Hall, Rochester, NY 14627 USA, Tel: 585 275 5713, Fax: 585 244 5689, email: john@earth.rochester.edu, and Catherine Constable, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, SIO, University of California San Diego, , La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, Tel: 858 534 3183, Fax: 858 534 8090, email: cconstable@ucsd.edu, and Charles M. Jackman, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, MC 926, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001 USA, Tel: (301)614-6053, Fax: (301)614-5903, email: jackman@assess.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Eigil Friis-Christensen, Danish Space Research Institute, Juliane Maries Vej 30, Copenhagen, DK-2100 DNK, Tel: (+45) 3532 5707, email: efc@dsri.dk

U06 Virtual Observatories in Space and Earth Sciences
Progress during the next era in Earth and space science will benefit from an integrated data environment. That integrated data environment should ideally offer easy and simultaneous access to multiple sources of high-quality observations, long-term geophysical records, model output, and data services across traditional discipline boundaries as well as enable the use of tools that enable the use of those data. The ready availability of cheap, powerful microprocessors means that we can revisit the concept of a data "archive": We can form "virtual observatories" that enable users, in principle, to meet many of their data requirements through one interface. Within the AGU community, there are many approaches to addressing all or part of the virtual observatory concept. We solicit abstracts from science users, information technologists, and current service providers to (1) highlight achievements and lessons learned from current systems and services, (2) identify the scientific, technical, and programmatic data challenges facing the Earth and space science community, and (3) describe emerging architectural and technical solutions.
Conveners: Larry Paxton, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA, Tel: 240 228 6871, Fax: 240 228 6670, email: larry.paxton@jhuapl.edu, and Peter C. Cornillon, Univ Rhode IslandGraduate School Oceanography, , Narragansett, RI 02882 USA, Tel: 401 874 6283, Fax: 401 874 6702, email: pcornillon@gso.uri.edu, and Tim Ahern, IRIS Data Management Center, 1408 NE 45th Street #201, Seattle, WA 98105 USA, Tel: 206 547 0393 x 118, Fax: 206 547 1093, email: tim@iris.washington.edu

U07 Estimating the Consequences of Severe Geophysical Events
Many geophysical phenomena lead to severe economic, social, and political consequences. Estimating these consequences requires understanding not only the geophysics involved, but also the economics, sociology and politics influenced by the geophysical phenomenon. Examples range from estimating the economic and social consequences of a severe earthquake, weather, or climatic event, to assessing global warming, to estimating the ultimate social and political consequences resulting from the finiteness of petroleum resources. This session will explore estimates of consequences as well as emerging estimation methodologies. Of particular interest will be improving understanding of what geophysical questions have the most significant influence on the estimation of consequences. We hope to explore the consequences of geophysical events and phenomena such as resource finiteness, earthquakes, meteor impacts, volcanic eruptions, climate change, hurricanes, severe storms, floods, groundwater contamination, and floods.
Conveners: Amos Nur, Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, 317 Mitchell Bldg 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Tel: 650 723 9526, Fax: 650 723 1188, email: amos.nur@stanford.edu, and Robert L. Wesson, U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 966 Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303 273 8524, Fax: 303 273 8600, email: rwesson@usgs.gov

U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental, and Observational Constraints
Rapid progress is being made in understanding the state, history, and dynamics of the core-mantle boundary (CMB)region. The purpose of this session is to bring together researchers with different approaches to discuss recent findings and promote interdisciplinary dialogue. Topics to be discussed include the following: What is the nature of the ultralow velocity zone at the base of the lower mantle? What causes anisotropy in D''? How is angular momentum exchanged across the CMB? How is matter transferred between the core and mantle, what geochemical signatures would be expected, and what would this mean for the physical state and dynamics of D''? Is radiogenic heat production in the core significant? How do core-mantle fluxes influence mantle convection and the geodynamo, and vice versa? We encourage contributions from all relevant fields, including seismology, mineral physics, geochemistry, geodynamics, geomagnetism, magnetohydrodynamics, and geodesy.
Conveners: James A. Van Orman, Case Western Reserve University, USA, email: jav12@cwru.edu, and Abby Kavner, UCLA, USA, email: akavner@igpp.ucla.edu, and Alan D Brandon, NASA/JSC, USA, email: alan.d.brandon@nasa.gov, and Bruce Buffett, University of British Columbia, CAN, email: buffett@geop.ubc.ca

U09 Evolution of Biogeochemical Cycles
In the absence of coupled biogeochemical cycles, life (as we know it) can neither originate nor persist on any planet, yet we do not understand how biogeochemical cycles develop and evolve. This session will provide a forum for understanding how biogeochemical cycles evolved on Earth and how to use that knowledge to search for evidence of past or present life on other planets and to explore the future of life on Earth. Although we have detailed knowledge of numerous physicochemical and biochemical processes, we do not understand how many key metabolic processes, such as nitrogen fixation, oxygenic photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, and anaerobic metal and sulfate reduction, coevolved to form interactive biogeochemical cycles on a planetary scale. At the heart of this enigma is our ignorance of the rules of biochemical evolution that govern how energy conversion between coupled chemical processes evolved to become "living" organisms and of the mechanisms of the major transformations in the history of both life and the biosphere. Moreover, on Earth, several biogeochemical cycles have been markedly altered by human activities over the past 200 years. As we drift further away from the biogeochemical domain that characterized Earth prior to human perturbation, we must understand how biogeochemical cycles interact with each other and other planetary processes to maintain a habitable planet. This session will encourage dialogue among scientists with expertise in molecular evolution, microbial ecology, biogeochemsitry, and planet formation.
Conveners: Paul Falkowski, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521 USA, Tel: (732) 932-6555 ext. 370, Fax: (732) 932-4083, email: falko@imcs.rutgers.edu, and Michael New, NASA, 300 E St., SW, Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel: (202) 358-1766, Fax: (202) 358-3097, email: michael.h.new@nasa.gov

U10 Human-Induced Climate Variations Linked to Urbanization: From Observations to Modeling
The goal of this session is to convene scientists from interdisciplinary backgrounds to discuss the data, scientific approaches, and recent results of urban impacts on climate. With the intent of identifying our current stand and the future direction of urban study, this session will highlight both remote sensing observations and modeling capabilities for investigating the changes on the climate system and its subcomponents induced by human activities in urban areas, from regional to global scales. Urbanization is one of the extreme cases of land use change. Currently, urban regions are a relatively small portion of the land. However, most of the population of the world is moving to urban areas. By 1995, more than 70% of the populations of North America and Europe were living in cities. The United Nations estimates that by 2025, 60% of the world's population will live in cities. Therefore better understanding f how the atmosphere-ocean-land-biosphere system responds to human activities in urban zones is critical. Our understanding of urbanization effects on climate is incomplete, partly because human activities alter or add physical processes responsible for possible climate change besides natural variations, and partly because limited data sets have been available for studying urban effects globally. Urban construction changes surface roughness, albedo, heat capacity, and vegetation coverage. In addition, traffic and industry increase atmospheric aerosols. It is suggested that urbanization may modify rainfall processes through aerosol-cloud interactions or dynamic feedbacks. Because the urbanization effect on climate is determined by many factors including land cover, the city's microscale features, population density, and human lifestyle patterns, it is necessary to study urban areas regionally to globally in order to assess the general features and extremities of the urban effect. Abstracts are solicited to establish an interdisciplinary forum combining remote sensing, environmental science, boundary layer microphysics, numerical modeling (global to regional), and human dimensions to address questions including (but not limited to) the following: (1) How does urbanization modify the climate system, and how can nature respond to such disturbance? (2) What would be the ranges and extremes of the urban effect? How do we determine and measure such extremes? (3) How could we generalize or represent urban modifications in global circulation, numerical weather prediction, and regional land-atmosphere models? (4) How do urban areas change local rainfall intensity, distribution, and frequency? What could the downwind and upwind effects be? How are forcing and response of urban effects on rainfall represented in numerical models? (5) What are the changes to aerosol populations and clouds due to human activities in the urban environment? (6) What are the socioeconomic impacts of urban-induced climate changes?
Conveners: J. Marshall Shepherd, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301) 614-6327, email: Marshall.Shepherd@nasa.gov, and Menglin Jin, Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, , College Park, MD 20742 USA, Tel: (301)-405-8833, Fax: (301)-314-9482, email: mjin@atmos.umd.edu

U11 Facilitating Geosciences Research in Developing Countries (POSTER)
Although many developing countries have been increasing their investment in scientific research in recent years, their participation in international scientific activities (attendance at international meetings, publications in international journals, participation in international research programs, etc.) is much too low compared with North America, Europe, Japan, and the Australian region. This session aims to bring to the attention of the worldwide geosciences community, key problems encountered by scientists in developing countries when conducting their research (e.g., funding, access to international literature, choice of research topics). Identifying the problems may help mitigate some of them, at least inside the AGU, which includes among its goals the development of a planet-wide network of members in geophysical research and the increase in participation in AGU activities from members traditionally little involved, in particular those from developing countries. This session encourages the presentation of current national programs conducted in developing countries, future research plans in geosciences, as well as joint programs with developed countries. Particular emphasis on specific problems encountered in these regions would be of high interest. In addition, presentations dealing with future plans for local/regional conferences, schools, and workshops in geophysical sciences, in conjunction with the AGU, will be also welcome. It is of primary interest that this session serve as a forum for discussing and identifying, if possible, common problems encountered in countries involved, for which appropriate practical solutions may be suggested.
Conveners: Walter D. Gonzalez, Natl Inst Space Research, CP 515, San Jose dos Campos, SP 12201-970 BRA, Tel: 55-123256793, Fax: 55-123224820, email: gonzalez@dge.inpe.br, and Anny Cazenave, Laboratoire d'Études en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiale LEGOS - GRGS/CNES, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées 18 Av. E. Belin, Toulouse, 31400 FRA, Tel: 33 (0) 5 61 33 29 22, Fax: 33 (0) 5 61 25 32 05, email: anny.cazenave@cnes.fr

U12 Union Tutorials (INVITED ONLY)
These presentations will provide introductory background on the fundamental scientific concepts of selected topics, and aid in understanding more technically-detailed papers on the subjects presented elsewhere at the meeting.
Conveners: Robert Wesson, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 966 Denver Federal Center Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225-0046 USA, Tel: 303-273-8524, email: rwesson@usgs.gov

Atmospheric Sciences

A00 General Atmospheric Sciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Atmospheric Sciences may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Atmospheric Sciences sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. The Atmospheric Sciences Section (AS) studies the physics, chemistry, and dynamics of the atmosphere, particularly in the two layers closest to Earth's surface (the troposphere and stratosphere). These layers are crucial to life on earth as they form the atmosphere in contact with the planet surface; they regulate the planetary surface temperature; play an integral role in the world's water cycle; and screen the planet from high-energy radiation. The Section is organized into two subsections: Atmospheric Chemistry (AC) and Atmospheric Physics and Climate (APC). Research in AS covers topics such as: in situ homogenous and heterogenous chemistry, atmospheric physics and dynamics, and modeling of the lower atmosphere. Along with colleagues in other AGU sections, AS members are studying global climate change. Much research is focused on monitoring fluctuations in the ozone layer, aerosols, levels of gases, and the effects of emissions from human activities such as fossil fuel and biomass burning. The purpose of much of this research is to develop a basic understanding of atmospheric processes, that can be used to help design policies to respond to current or future changes in the atmosphere and climate. The 1987 Montreal Protocol is one example of how atmospheric scientists have successfully influenced government policies for the protection of the environment. This international agreement phased out the manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons throughout most of the world.
Conveners: Paul Novelli, NOAA CMDL/R/E CG1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-497-6974, Fax: 303-497-6290, email: pnovelli@cmdl.noaa.gov

A01 Chemistry and Dynamics of the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere
The upper troposphere/lower stratosphere is a relatively undersampled region of the atmosphere where measurements can help resolve many longstanding issues of Earth's chemistry and climate. This session will examine some important problems in geosciences that measurements, such as those from the NASA WB-57F aircraft, have helped to resolve. Contributions are solicited in the areas of chemistry and dynamics of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, including the plumes of aircraft and rockets; particle microphysics; radionuclides and stable isotopes; radiative balance; mechanisms of dehydration; and remote sensing.
Conveners: Daniel James Cziczo, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325 Broadway R/AL6 , Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 3034973755, Fax: 3034975373, email: djcziczo@al.noaa.gov, and Martin Ross, Aerospace Corp., PO Box 929576 M5-615 , Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA, Tel: 3103360360, Fax: 3105368208, email: martin.n.ross@aero.org, and Darin Toohey, PAOS, The University of Colorado, Stadium 255, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel: 3037350002, Fax: 3037354515, email: toohey@colorado.edu

A02 Biogenic Reactive Trace Compounds and Their Role in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
The biosphere acts as the largest source and a major sink of reactive trace gases in the troposphere. Biogenic trace gases affect tropospheric chemistry, air quality, and the formation of gaseous and particulate secondary products and thus Earth's climate on a regional and global scale. Quantitative understanding of the impacts of biogenic emissions is confined mainly by our limited knowledge regarding the source strengths of reactive trace gases and their chemical composition, and by our limited knowledge of the interdependent biological, chemical, and meteorological processes determining their biosphere-atmosphere exchange. This session is open to all contributions related to field studies of reactive trace gas exchange processes at various spatial and temporal scales, to laboratory and simulation experiments investigating the role of biogenic compounds in atmospheric chemistry and climate, and to modeling activities of biosphere-atmosphere exchange and atmospheric chemistry of biogenic compounds. Abstracts discussing results from recent multidisciplinary research projects carried out in North America (e.g., Blodgett Forest, PROPHET), in Amazonia (e.g., LBA) and in Europe (e.g., ECHO, BEWA) are particularly encouraged. Topics to be addressed in this session include the influence of environmental parameters on biogenic emissions and deposition of reactive trace gases; emission algorithms and their application in emission models; biosphere-atmosphere exchange processes; upscaling of biogenic emissions; photochemistry of biogenic VOC and secondary products; formation of aerosols and organic nitrates from biogenic VOC and their potential impact on tropospheric photochemistry; and the interdependence of climate and atmospheric chemistry on biogenic trace gas emissions.
Conveners: Allen H. Goldstein, University of California, Division of Ecosystem Sciences 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3110 USA, Tel: 510-643-2451, Fax: 510-643-5098, email: ahg@nature.berkeley.edu, and Ralf Koppmann, Institut fuer Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphaere, Institut II: Troposphaere Forschungszentrum Juelich , Juelich, 52425 DEU, Tel: 49-2461-61-5118, Fax: 49-2461-61-8190, email: r.koppmann@fz-juelich.de

A03 Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Critical Estuary Habitats: The Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE)
The Bay Region Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE) was held during May 2002 and was an interdisciplinary field measurement designed to improve understanding of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to Tampa Bay. BRACE researchers made a complete suite of chemical and meteorological measurements from ground stations and an instrumented aircraft. Nutrient increases can stimulate the growth of phytoplankton and change the species composition of estuary ecosystems, resulting in poisonous algal blooms, anoxia, increased turbidity, and the loss of important plant and animal populations. Estuaries may receive from 20 to 60% of externally supplied nitrogen from a combination of direct atmospheric deposition and deposition to the watershed which supplies it. One of the most important of the Gulf Coast estuaries is Tampa Bay. There has been a reduction of 72% in the sea grass coverage in Tampa Bay over the last 70 years caused by anthropogenic nitrogen inputs. Twenty-nine percent of this nitrogen input is estimated to come from direct atmospheric deposition. The BRACE session will be a forum to present the results of the field program and promote cooperation, collaboration, and interdisciplinary connections between the various researchers and institutions involved in the program. Interdisciplinary research will be emphasized.
Conveners: Thomas B. Watson, NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, 1750 Foote Drive , Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA, Tel: (208) 526-9397, Fax: (208) 526-2549, email: tom.watson@noaa.gov, and Noreen Poor, University of South Florida/College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA, Tel: (813) 974-8144, email: npoor@hsc.usf.edu

A04 The Organic Aerosol Component: Impact on Reactivity, Optical Properties, Hygroscopicity and Cloud-Condensation Properties
Ambient aerosols can affect many aspects of the Earth’s climate and chemistry. Particles scatter incident sunlight, are critical in determining the properties of clouds, and provide surfaces facilitating multiphase reactions. These effects depend, of course, on aerosol composition, and much attention has been paid recently to the ubiquitous and substantial organic fraction in particles. One of the vital challenges facing researchers is to understand and assess the biogenic and anthropogenic sources of organic species and their roles in the formation, growth, and aging of particulate matter. In the atmosphere, this organic component often exists in internally mixed particles, sometimes with surface-active organic compounds surrounding aqueous or inorganic cores. Such coated particles may have significant impacts on the reactivity, hygroscopicity, and optical properties of the aerosol. An emphasis will be placed on identifying future laboratory studies and field measurements necessary to systematically address issues such as these. Consequently, we would like this session to tell a story about the role of organic constituents in aerosols by highlighting current research in the following areas: oxidation of gas-phase and particulate organics and subsequent particle formation and growth; aerosol processing through heterogeneous chemistry and photochemistry; optical properties of internally mixed aerosols; hygroscopicity of and phase transitions in particles; surface properties, including surface-specific chemistry and cloud condensation; and comprehensive field observations of aerosols and cloud droplets.
Conveners: Geoffrey D Smith, University of Georgia, 1001 Cedar St., Chemistry Building, Athens, GA 30602-2556 USA, Tel: 706-583-0478, Fax: 706-542-9454, email: gsmith@chem.uga.edu, and Thomas Mentel, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre Juelich, , Juelich, DEU, Tel: + 49 (0)2461 61 6921, email: t.mentel@fz-juelich.de

A05 2002 New England Air Quality Study
The 2002 New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) was an intensive effort to investigate the chemical and meteorological factors that contribute to poor air quality in this region, especially in coastal areas. The campaign combined efforts of numerous educational institutions as well as federal, state, and local agencies. Data were collected from an extensive network of ground sites, from the NOAA research vessel Ronald H. Brown, and from the DOE G-1 aircraft. Intensive measurements were taken from 12 July through 10 August, 2002, although many of the ground stations routinely collect data year-round. This session will focus on results from the mid-July to mid-August period of the 2002 NEAQS; however, abstracts are solicited on all aspects of air quality in coastal areas.
Conveners: Eric Williams, NOAA/Aeronomy Lab. & CIRES/Univ. of Colorado, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 303/497-3226, Fax: 303/497-5126, email: eric@al.noaa.gov, and Bob Talbot, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Morse Hall University of New Hampshire 39 College Road, Durham, NH 03824 USA, Tel: 603/862-0322, Fax: 603/862-1915, email: rwt@christa.unh.edu, and Tim Bates, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA, Tel: 206/526-6248, Fax: 206/526-6744, email: tim.bates@noaa.gov

A06 Comparative Photochemical Modeling of Earth and Planetary Atmospheres
Atmospheric photochemistry on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Venus, Earth, Mars, Io, Titan, Triton, and Pluto was reviewed in Yung and DeMore's [1999] book “Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres.” The authors summarized the chemical cycles that control the present composition and past history of these atmospheres. This session focuses on recent advances in photochemical modeling of planetary atmospheres. This comparative approach may aid studies of planetary evolution and astrobiological potential for planets in our solar and extrasolar systems.
Conveners: Yuk L. Yung, California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125 USA, Tel: 626-395-6940, Fax: 626-585-1917, email: yly@mercu1.gps.caltech.edu, and G. Randall Gladstone, Southwest Research Institute, Instrumentation and Space Research Division 6220 Culebra Rd., San Antonio, TX 78238 USA, Tel: 210-522-3581, Fax: 210-543-0052, email: rgladstone@swri.edu

A07 Contributions to Middle Atmosphere Science by Solar Occultation Instrumentation
Since the late 1970s a series of international instruments have employed solar occultation to measure profiles of aerosol extinction, ozone, and other gases from the middle troposphere through the mesosphere. These instruments include the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment series (SAGE; 1979-present), the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE; 1991-present), the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement series (POAM; 1993-1996, 1998-present), and the Improved Limb Atmospheric Sounder (ILAS; 1996-1997). These instruments have provided insight to key climate change issues including long-term ozone and water vapor trends in the stratosphere, the effect of volcanic eruptions on climate, and processes in and around the Arctic and Antarctic vortices. The prominent role of solar occultation instruments in middle atmospheric science is assured by the new instruments that have been recently launched or will be launched shortly. These include SAGE III (2002), ILAS II (2002), Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY; 2002), and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment/Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE/MAESTRO; summer 2003). In this session, we seek contributions that highlight the scientific applications of data from solar occultation instruments and ones that highlight the capabilities of newly launched instruments.
Conveners: Larry W Thomason, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 475, Hampton, VA 23681 USA, Tel: 757 864 6842, Fax: 757 864 2671, email: l.w.thomason@nasa.gov, and Philip L. DeCola, NASA Headquarters, Code YS, Washington, DC 20546 USA, Tel: 202-358-0768, Fax: 202-358-2770, email: pdecola@hq.nasa.gov, and Richard Bevilacqua, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 7220, Washington, DC 20375-5320 USA, Tel: 202-767-0768, Fax: 202-767-7885, email: bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil

A08 Results From the SOLVE II/VINTERSOL Mission
The Sage III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment II (SOLVE II) took place in January and Feburary 2003 in conjunction with the European VINTERSOL campaign. This session highlights the results of these winter campaigns to study the polar vortex and the polar ozone layer and to help validate SAGE III data.
Conveners: Mark R Schoeberl, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 916 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-6002, Fax: 301-614-5903, email: Mark.R.Schoeberl@nasa.gov, and Lamont R Poole, NASA/Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 435 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA, Tel: 757-864-2689, Fax: 757-864-7775, email: l.r.poole@larc.nasa.gov

A09 Tropical Cirrus Anvils: Properties and Processes
This session will cover tropical anvil and in situ cirrus physical properties (e.g., ice crystal sizes and shapes, cloud structure, evolution), physical processes controlling cirrus formation and life cycle (e.g., dynamics, droplet activation, and ice nucleation in deep convection; and microphysical, dynamical, and radiative processes in the anvils), and the effects of tropical cumulonimbus-anvil systems on upper tropospheric water, lower stratospheric water, and radiative fluxes. In particular, we solicit results from the recent Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE).
Conveners: Eric Jensen, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4 , Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650-604-4392, Fax: 650-604-3625, email: ejensen@sky.arc.nasa.gov, and Donald E Anderson, NASA Headquarters, Code YS NASA HQ, Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel: 202-358-1432, Fax: 202-358-2770, email: danders1@hq.nasa.gov

A10 Effects of Biomass Burning Plumes on the Troposphere and Stratosphere
The injection of biomass burning plumes, especially from boreal forest fires, into the troposphere and lower stratosphere poses many challenges to atmospheric research. In this session we encourage abstracts of the latest research on the following topics: (1) detection, frequency, maximum altitude and geographic distribution of such events and their importance for global budgets; (2) in situ and remote sensing measurements of composition, and air quality aspects; (3) long-range transport of the plumes, and radiative forcing and other implications; (4) details of high altitude lofting and injection processes, what is the role of the fires?, and what are the similarities/distinctions with volcanic eruptive processes?; and (5) the impact of the plumes on atmospheric chemistry.
Conveners: Hans-Jürg Jost, BAER Institute, NASA Ames Research Center MS 245-5 , Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650 604 0697, Fax: 650 604 3625, email: hjost@mail.arc.nasa.gov, and Mike Fromm, Computational Physics, Inc., 8001 Braddock Rd. Suite 210, Springfield, VA 22151 USA, Tel: (202) 404 1389, email: mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil, and Katja Drdla, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, email: katja@katja.arc.nasa.gov

A11 Integrating Aerosol Measurements and Models
Major uncertainties in chemistry and climate models concern the representation of the source, composition, size, shape, and spatial distribution of aerosols. Information on the size, chemical composition, and optical properties of aerosols is critical to accurately assessing their respective impact. New aerosol data that become available from recent large international field studies (INDOEX, ACE-Asia) as well as from new satellite sensors (MODIS, MISR) and recent advances in aerosol measurements (e.g., single particle analysis, such as that carried out with single particle mass spectrometers (e.g., ATOFMS, PALMS), aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS), fast response PILS, etc.) are providing unique and detailed information on the composition of aerosol. The purpose of this session is to provide a forum for measurers and modelers to discuss ways to bridge the newer state-of-the-art aerosol measurements with models. The goal of this session is to present abstracts showing the current state of measurements and models. We hope to address how the measurements are fitting in with the models, and what the modelers can do and need from the measurement side. It is critical to bring these two groups together so they can begin bridging the gap between measurements and modeling, and the combined strengths of the two can yield a better fundamental knowledge of tropospheric aerosols.
Conveners: Kimberly A. Prather, U.C. San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92024-0314 USA, Tel: 858-822-5312, email: kprather@ucsd.edu, and Gregory R. Carmichael, University of Iowa, Karl Kammermeyer Professor of Chemical Engineering Co-Director, Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies 428 IATL, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA, Tel: 319/335-3332, Fax: 319/335-3337, email: gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu, and Joyce Penner, University of Michigan, Dept. of Atmos., Ocean and Space Studies University of Michigan 2455 hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel: 734-936-0519, Fax: 734-764-5137, email: penner@umich.edu, and Stefan Kinne, Max-Planck Inst. for Meterology, Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology Bunderstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, DEU, Tel: 011-49-40-41173-383, Fax: 011-49-40-1173-298, email: kinne@dkrz.de

A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of Atmospheric Gases
Isotopic ratio measurements help constrain the magnitudes and locations of sources and sinks by adding additional tracers that are closely linked by source and sink processes. This session is intended to be an overview of the current state of the application of isotopic tracers to global budgets of atmospheric gases. Atmospheric isotopic measurements have been applied to a wide variety of molecules of interest to both the atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycling communities. Although the applications are diverse, there are many issues surrounding both measurements and their interpretation that are common to all. We encourage contributions dealing with measurements, measurement techniques, and modeling of isotopic ratios of atmospheric species on large spatial scales.
Conveners: John B Miller, University of Colorado, Boulder, R/CMDL 1 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, email: john.b.miller@noaa.gov, and Thomas Roeckmann, Max Planck Institut fur Kernphsyik, DEU, email: Thomas.Roeckmann@mpi-hd.mpg.de

A13 The Aura Mission to Study Chemistry and Climate
The Aura spacecraft will be launched into orbit at the end of January 2004. This session will feature invited talks on the science goals, measurements and validation activities associated with the the Aura mission. Talks by the instrument PIs will set the stage for the contributed abstracts on the algorithms, validation flight plans, and opportunities for AGU scientists to participate in this mission
Conveners: Mark R. Schoeberl, NASA/GSFC, Code 916 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, email: Mark.R.Schoeberl@nasa.gov, and Anne Douglass, NASA/GSFC, Code 916 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, email: douglass@carioca.gsfc.nasa.gov

A14 A Quarter Century of Satellite Measurements by TOMS
The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) was originally launched on Nimbus 7 in 1978 to map the meteorological variability of the total column content of ozone. The instrument lasted more than 14 years in orbit, and its successors are still making measurements today. Analysis of the solar ultraviolet radiation backscattered from the Earth has gone well beyond the original measurements of ozone. We routinely derive aerosol properties from TOMS that show desert dust and biomass burning signatures over both land and ocean. The TOMS measurements are used to derive a daily measure of surface ultraviolet radiation. TOMS reflectivity measurements in the UV identify changes in cloud cover and radiation reflected to space. After volcanic eruptions, TOMS measures the signal of sulfur dioxide in the plume, allowing the identification and quantification of the total release from volcanoes worldwide. For all of these measurements we now have a 25-year record that serves as a baseline for current and future studies of decadal climate variability. Abstracts are solicited on the following topics: long-term ozone measurements by TOMS, ozone mapping and variability using TOMS measurements, aerosol measurements by TOMS, UV radiation measurements by TOMS, volcanic SO^2 measurements by TOMS, use of TOMS measurements combined with measurements by other satellites, derivation of tropospheric ozone using TOMS, comparison of TOMS measurements to ground-based measurements, and use of TOMS measurements to test atmospheric models.
Conveners: Richard S Stolarski, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 916 Greenbelt Road , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-5982, Fax: 301-614-5903, email: stolar@polska.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Jack A Kaye, NASA Headquarters, Code YSM , Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel: 202-358-0757, Fax: 202-358-2770, email: Jack.A.Kaye@nasa.gov, and Arlin Krueger, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 100 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore, MD 21250 USA, email: akrueger@umbc.edu

A15 Ocean/Atmospheric Modeling
The Department of Defense (DOD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program supports several large DOD Challenge Projects in the area of ocean and atmospheric modeling. DOD researchers model global, regional, and littoral ocean environments to provide accurate ocean forecasting methods for DOD operational units. In addition, coupling between atmospheric, ocean, and sea ice models is being actively investigated. This session will present works by DOD computational scientists in these areas. Workers studying other aspects of atmospheric and oceanic modeling are encouraged to submit abstracts to this session.
Conveners: Larry Davis, DOD High Performance Modernization Program, 101010 North Glebe Road, Suite 510, Arlington, VA 22201 USA, Tel: 703-812-8205, Fax: 703-812-9701, email: larryd@hpcmo.hpc.mil, and Alan Wallcraft, Naval Research Laboratory, (Code 7323), Stennis Space Center, MS 39529 USA, Tel: 228-688-4813, Fax: 228-688-4759, email: Alan.Wallcraft@nrlssc.navy.mil

A16 Use of Inverse Modeling for Constraining Global Budgets of Atmospheric Trace Gases
Inverse modeling methods allow for the estimation of surface fluxes of trace gases based on atmospheric measurements and other available information. As such, inverse modeling can constrain the global and regional budgets of radiatively or chemically important gases such as CO2, CH4, CO, N2O, and SF6, which is critical to the design of effective emissions management policies. A variety of optimization methods, transport models, observation network configurations, and levels of spatial and temporal resolution are currently being explored. The aim is to make optimal use of limited network data and/or current and future satellite data. This session explores the ability of existing approaches to estimate fluxes at various scales, to deal with small- scale variability in available measurements and to address unanswered questions outlined by the North American Carbon Program (NACP) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) pertaining to atmospheric trace gas budgets.
Conveners: Anna M. Michalak, NOAA Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory, Mailcode R/CMDL1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, Tel: 303-497-4568, Anna.Michalak@noaa.gov, Wouter Peters, NOAA Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory, Mailcode R/CMDL1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, Tel: 303-497-4556, Wouter.Peters@noaa.gov, and Pieter P. Tans, NOAA Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory, Mailcode R/CMDL1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, Tel: 303-497-6678, Pieter.Tans@noaa.gov

Atmospheric Sciences also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
H28 Observations and Modeling of Land Surface Hydrological Processes
P01 Geological Evidence for Recent Climate Change on Mars
PP13 Rapid Climate Change during the Holocene and Last Glacial
B01 Disturbance, Climate, and Management Impacts on Carbon Budgets of Forested Ecosystems
B02 Soil Carbon Changes With Biomass Removal
B03 The Relationship Between Biological Productivity and Terrestrial Carbon Storage
B06 The Utilization of Compound Specific Analysis in Biogeochemistry
B11 Environmental Assessment From the Width, Anatomy, and Chemical Composition of Tree Rings
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B14 Estimating Terrestrial Carbon, Water, and Energy Fluxes From Site to Region
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions, Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
G01 Advanced Tropospheric Sensing Methods and Accuracy of Tropospheric Information Determined by Space Geodetic Techniques
G07 Geocenter: Reference Frame Definition and Influence of Geophysical Fluids
G08 Use of Observations and Models of the Atmosphere and Oceans in Geodesy and Geodynamics
H19 Observations and Theoretical and Numerical Studies of Land Surface Heterogeneities on Land-Atmosphere Modeling (POSTER)
H20 Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP)
H21 Use of Artificial Intelligence Methods in Geosciences (POSTER)
H35 Early Results From NASA's EOS Aqua Spacecraft Mission
OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Past, Present, and Future
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas Hydrate From Around the Globe
P06 Science Rationale for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter Mission
PP07 Evolution of the Antarctic Climate System: Modeling and Observation
PP10 The Last Interglacial
PP11 Global, Hemispheric and Regional Climate Signals During the Last Millennium
PP12 Evolution of Earth's Greenhouse Effect
SA01 Energy and Momentum Balance in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: Results From the TIMED Mission
V06 Volcanic Emissions to the Troposphere: Fluxes, Feedbacks, Impacts
AE01 Advances in Lightning and Atmospheric Electricity Remote Sensing Systems and Algorithms
AE02 The Physics of Lightning and Storm Electrification
AE03 Lightning, Meteorology and Climate
AE04 Electrical Effects of Thunderstorms on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive, Translator, and Facilitator
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
H37 Designing a Network of Hydrologic Observatories (INVITED ONLY)
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic Composition of the Atmosphere
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of Ecosystem Change
B26 Land Use Impacts on Trace Gas Exchanges: BATREX Contribution to New Global Change Science Agenda
H34 Use of Remotely Sensed Boundary Conditions in Land Surface Modeling
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North America
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates

Biogeosciences

B00 General Biogeosciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Biogeosciences may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Biogeosciences sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. Biogeosciences emphasizes linkages between biological sciences and geophysical sciences fundamental to study of the Earth and other planets. Research areas within the section include biogeochemistry, biogeophysics, astrobiology, and planetary ecosystem science. Those interested in advancing the understanding of coupled biological and geophysical processes and phenomenon in emerging research areas in biology, ecology and earth and planetary science should submit general contributions. Some examples of such processes include, but are not limited to: biosphere-atmosphere-climate interactions, nutrient cycles and their interactions and feedbacks to abiotic processes, effects of stream flow patterns on aquatic biodiversity, extinction events in Earth history and existence of life under extreme conditions on Earth or other planets.
Conveners: Mary Voytek, U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr. MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703-648-6894, Fax: 703-648-5484, email: mavoytek@usgs.gov

B01 Disturbance, Climate, and Management Impacts on Carbon Budgets of Forested Ecosystems
The net exchange of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is regulated by complex interactions between climate, disturbance history (including land use), vegetation physiology, and soil processes. The temporal scales of importance to these interactions span at least 5 orders of magnitude: from the rapid response of biochemical components, to seasonal dynamics of the water budget, to interannual dynamics of allocation and growth, to decadal effects of climate variability on species composition and disturbance regimes, to the integrated effects of all these factors on centennial dynamics of soil organic matter and woody biomass. Land use of woodland and forested ecosystems include logging of large trees, overgrazing, and fire suppression, and the variation among woody ecosystems is much too great for a single treatment to be appropriate everywhere. The integration of field observations, remote sensing, and ecosystem modeling will be key to understanding the trajectories of change in northern ecosystems over time. This session will focus on multiple interacting factors that contribute to complex mosaics of woodland and forested ecosystems including, but not limited to, climate variability, land use and management practices, and disturbance regimes. We encourage submissions that highlight the innovative and creative integration of modeling, remote sensing, and field observations toward understanding biogeochemical cycling in woody ecosystems across climatic, disturbance, and management gradients.
Conveners: Kathy A Hibbard, Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science , Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 541.737.8021, Fax: 541.737.1393, email: kathy.hibbard@oregonstate.edu, and Mike Apps, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre 506 West Burnside Road , Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5 CAN, Fax: 250.363.0775, email: mapps@nrcan.gc.ca

B02 Soil Carbon Changes With Biomass Removal
There is a drive to produce more bioenergy products (both as biofuels and also direct burning of biomass). In many agriculture systems, there is biomass left after removal of grains. In the past this was burned in the fields and a great deal was left in the fields to help prevent winds and water erosion. Even when fields were tilled, legislation implemented by the U.S. Congress in Farm Bill programs requires that at least 30 percent ground cover remain. There is also more minimum or zero tillage now being practiced. Farmers and land mangers are always looking for new ways to improve the bottom line, and one method is to sell the aboveground biomass they produce. But to maintain soil quality and agriculture stability, we need to leave some residue behind to replenish the soil. ARS-DOE has a large project to look at biomass removal with one of the crops such as switchgrass and corn. With switchgrass you have a sod cover, and this protects the soil, but with crops like corn there is not a lot of cover when the biomass is removed. We need to understand the effects of such biomass on the soil and the processes that go on in the soil (microbial changes, leaching, nutrient supplying, etc.). Forest lands and lands upon which rapidly growing trees are produced are also a potential source of biomass fuel. We are very interested in submissions related to this topic that will help in understanding the effects of biomass removal and the effects on soil carbon.
Conveners: Ron Follett, USDA-ARS, Federal Building, Room 424 PO Box E , Fort Collins, CO 80525 USA, Tel: 9704908220, Fax: 9704908213, email: rfollett@lamar.colostate.edu, and John Kimble, USDA-NRCS, Fed. Bldg. Room 152, MS 34 100 Centennial Mall North , Lincoln, NE 68508-3866 USA, Tel: 402 437 5376, Fax: 402 437 5336, email: john.kimble@usda.gov

B03 The Relationship Between Biological Productivity and Terrestrial Carbon Storage
It is often assumed that there is a relationship between biological productivity and carbon storage, but high rates of sequestration can be documented in areas with widely different NPP. Inverse modeling results and eddy flux observations suggest that many terrestrial ecosystems are sequestering a surprisingly high proportion of their NPP, at levels expected for young or recently disturbed systems. Environmental controls over the proportion of NPP sequestered are diverse. For example, boreal wetlands may store a high proportion of generally low NPP, where grassland and cropland systems store a low fraction of often high NPP. Within forests, the relationship between NPP and sequestration depends critically on allocation to long-lived tissue (wood) and compounds resistant to microbial decay. Controls over plant and soil respiration also influence the proportion of photosynthate retained in the system. While there has been a great deal of research on plant physiological controls over gas exchange, physiological processes affecting the formation of potentially long residence time organic matter are much more difficult to address experimentally and are consequently less well understood. The purpose of this session is to explore the relationships between productivity and carbon storage across the range of spatial and temporal scales. Contributions are encouraged from scientists addressing this issue at the organism, stand, and global levels, and using experimental, flux measurement, and modeling approaches. Workers using lab, FACE, flux observations, and modeling approaches are all encouraged to contribute.
Conveners: David Schimel, NCAR, 1850 Table Mesa Drive , Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 3034971610, Fax: 3034971695, email: schimel@ucar.edu, and Chistopher Still, University of California, Santa Barbara, , Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA, Tel: 8058933663, Fax: 8058933146, email: still@icess.ucsb.edu

B04 An Ecohydrological Perspective on Woody Plant Encroachment in Semiarid Regions
Woody plant encroachment into semiarid and arid systems landscapes is a global phenomenon with important hydrological and biogeochemical consequences. Shrub/tree encroachment is often associated with ecosystem degradation: declines in biodiversity and socioeconomic value, as well as increased erosion. Numerous studies have examined independently the consequences of woody plant encroachment on the hydrological cycle and, recently, on the carbon cycle, but often the links between these cycles have been missed. For this session we encourage abstracts with results that examine the ecohydrological implications of woody plant encroachment/increase in dryland ecosystems (e.g., grasslands, savannahs, shrublands, riparian) at the plot to watershed scale. Some relevant questions might be the following: What are the changes in the water balance as a result of woody plant encroachment (WPE), and how might these changes alter biogeochemical cycling? How does WPE change evapotranspiration pathways? Does WPE result in increased biomass, and how might this alter soil nutrient cycling and trace gases? Do deeper-rooted trees/shrubs access additional sources of moisture? We hope that these studies will bridge disciplinary understanding by examining the linkages between hydrology and ecology.
Conveners: Russell L. Scott, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 2000 E. Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA, Tel: 520.670.6380, Fax: 520.670.5550, email: rscott@tucson.ars.ag.gov, and Bradford P Wilcox, Dept. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 225 Animal Industries Building 2126 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2126 USA, Tel: 979-458-1899, Fax: 979-845-6430, email: bwilcox@tamu.edu, and David Breshears, Env Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory MS J-495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel: 505/665-2803, Fax: 505/665-3866, email: daveb@lanl.gov

B05 Biogeochemistry and Detection of Reduced Sulfur Species in Oxic Environments
As methods for detection become more advanced, researchers have begun to discover evidence of a number of reduced sulfur (RS) compounds in oxygenated waters. Even when found at subnanomolar concentrations, the importance of RS compounds to metal speciation, primarily for soft (B-type) metals, cannot be underestimated. Despite the importance of metal-RS complexation, there has been almost no data published describing the characteristics of these complexes in natural aquatic systems. In the absence of such data, traditional methods of calculating trace metal speciation miss a potentially strong class of metal-complexing species, and therefore may overestimate the importance of other available ligands such as natural organic matter. This session will focus on the biogeochemistry, metal complexation characteristics, and detection of reduced sulfur species in oxygenated freshwaters, estuaries, and marine systems.
Conveners: Steven Mylon, Yale University: Environment School, Environmental Science Center PO Box 208105 , New Haven, CT 06520 USA, Tel: 203 432 9229, Fax: 203 432 5023, email: steven.mylon@yale.edu, and Gaboury Benoit, Yale University: Environment School, Environmental Science Center PO Box 208105 , New Haven, CT 06520 USA, Tel: 203 432 5139, Fax: 203 432 5023, email: gaboury.benoit@yale.edu, and Benjamin Twining, Yale University: Environment School, Environmental Science Center PO Box 208105, New Haven, CT 06511 USA, Tel: 203-432-7407, Fax: 203-432-5023, email: btwining@ic.sunysb.edu

B06 The Utilization of Compound Specific Analysis in Biogeochemistry
This session will examine the use of compound specific analysis in biogeochemistry. The focus will be on how chemical characteristics (e.g., isotopic composition, chirality, and sequence information) of specific biologically formed macromolecules (e.g., amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides) are (1) being resolved in the laboratory and (2) consequently exploited to provide a range of unique biogeochemical and ecological insights.
Conveners: James Henry Scott, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch RD, NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA, Tel: 2024788908, Fax: 2024788901, email: j.scott@gl.ciw.edu

B07 The Effects of Forest Disturbance on Watershed Processes: Hydrology, Soils, Biota, and Water Chemistry
Forest disturbance can cause changes in soil nutrient cycling, hydrological processes, forest type, and water chemistry. Some of these changes can adversely affect watershed biota. Forest disturbance can be caused by natural forces such as insect infestation, landslides, fire, large storms, and volcanic activity or by human activity such as logging, suburbanization, clearing for agriculture, and global change. Different types of forest disturbance can sometimes result in a similar watershed response. Natural forest disturbance has typically been studied in relation to its effects on plant ecology, while hydrological and biogeochemical watershed-scale investigations have frequently focused on the effects of forest harvesting. This session seeks to bring together researchers from around the world who are examining the effects of forest disturbance. We would like to provide a forum to compare the effects from different types of forest disturbance in many environments in the hope that some common responses can be identified. We encourage studies that examine the effect of natural (including long-term global change) or anthropogenic forest disturbance on watershed soil and water chemistry, hydrology, and/or the influence of those effects on watershed biota. Studies that incorporate new methods for examining forest disturbance are also encouraged.
Conveners: Michael R. McHale, U.S. Geological Survey, 425 Jordan Road, Troy, NY 12180 USA, Tel: 518-285-5675, Fax: 518-285-5601, email: mmchale@usgs.gov, and Nobuhito Ohte, Kyoto University, , Kyoto, 606-8502 JPN, Tel: 650-329-4649, Fax: 650-329-5590, email: nobuohte@usgs.gov

B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
The ability to produce biogenic minerals is an invention common to nearly all kingdoms of life. Organisms can construct single crystals or composite assemblages of mineral grains in sizes ranging from nanometers to meters, often with finely controlled shapes that serve specific functions and sometimes under conditions of metastability. Despite our long-standing knowledge that biomineralization is a fascinating phenomenon with implications for geochemical cycling and evolutionary forces, we have only recently made rapid progress in observing and understanding in detail the mechanisms that make such impressive and exquisite mineralization possible. Because of advances in nanotechnology, molecular biology, and geochemistry, scientists across many disciplines are now discovering and quantifying the factors that control nucleation, concentration of constituent ions, regulation of growth, chemical composition, and shaping of complex morphologies. We encourage abstracts that address processes and mechanisms of biomineralization, including, for example, the roles of organic molecules in generating crystalline materials, the properties and origins of mixed organic-inorganic materials, physical and chemical controls on mineral growth and composition, and signatures for unambiguously recognizing minerals of biological origin.
Conveners: Patricia Dove, Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences 4044 Derring Hall Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2444, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: dove@vt.edu, and Laura Wasylenki, Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences 4044 Derring Hall Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2403, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: lew@vt.edu, and Steve Weiner, Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science P.O. Box 26 , Rehovot, 76100 ISR, Tel: 972-8-9342552, Fax: 972-8-9344136, email: steve.weiner@weizmann.ac.il

B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
For much of Earth history, organisms and their environments have been inextricably linked in profound and complex ways that have influenced the evolutionary courses of both on many scales. For example, organisms that fix CO^2 from the atmosphere or oceans play a key role in global carbon cycling and climate fluctuations. At the same time, organisms respond to environmental changes through population shifts and biological evolution. The sophisticated intricacies of the relationships between biota and environment have proven difficult to decipher, but with new technologies and methodology from molecular biology, paleontology, geochemistry, and materials science, among others, we are on the brink of solving some of the most important and fascinating problems in Earth science. This session will explore interactions between organisms that produce minerals as part of their life cycles and their environments. We seek abstracts concerning any aspect of the intertwined roles of biomineralization and environment, such as global carbon balance, geochemical signals from the fossil record that constrain the nature of past environments, and specific changes in biomineralization processes induced by physical or chemical changes in the growth environment. Submissions that cross disciplinary boundaries are welcome.
Conveners: Laura Wasylenki, Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences 4044 Derring Hall Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2403, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: lew@vt.edu, and Patricia Dove, Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences 4044 Derring Hall Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2444, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: dove@vt.edu, and Philippe van Cappellen, Utrecht University, Department of Geochemistry Faculty of Earth Sciences Utrecht University P.O. Box 80021, Utrecht, 3508 TA NLD, Tel: 31-30-253-6220, Fax: 31-30-253-5302, email: pvc@geo.uu.nl

B10 Molecular Biogeochemical Processes of Terrestrial Environments
The proposed session will bring together experts working on biogeochemistry of terrestrial environments to discuss the speciation, distribution, and transport of nutrients and environmental contaminants. We encourage abstracts on spectroscopic and microscopic studies, as well as new modeling approaches that aim to elucidate (physico)chemical processes that result from interactions between microorganisms or microbial metabolites/exudates and mineral surfaces. Topics of interest include the effects of biological catalysis on dissolution, precipitation, sorption, or redox processes that are critical to trace metal cycling, mineral weathering, and crystal growth. Conveners also welcome contributions devoted to how surface chemical phenomena at the nanoscale (reactions at colloidal interfaces, agglomeration of colloidal material in natural waters, etc.) influence chemical fate and transport in natural and contaminated porous media, with implications for nutrient cycling, pump and treat, in situ bioremediation, and natural attenuation.
Conveners: Javiera Cervini-Silva, University of California at Berkeley, Department of Earth and Planetary Science 151 Hilgard Hall #3110, Berkeley, CA 94605 USA, Tel: (510) 642-9690, Fax: (510) 643-5098, email: javiera@eps.berkeley.edu, and Jon Chorover, University of Arizona, Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science Shantz 429, Building #38 , Tucson, AZ 85721-0038 USA, Tel: (520) 626-5635, Fax: (520) 621-1647, email: Chorover@cals.arizona.edu

B11 Environmental Assessment From the Width, Anatomy, and Chemical Composition of Tree Rings
Trees that form annual rings permit an exact year to be assigned to each ring. The width and anatomy of rings are in part determined by environmental factors, and thus trees often are "recorders" of events and processes when historical records are incomplete or lacking. Tree-growth responses sometimes can be used to determine the frequency and magnitude of flooding, glaciation, mass wasting, saline intrusion, earthquakes, and volcanism. Progress in the chemical analysis of stem wood (dendrochemistry), including the determination of the concentrations of nutrients, trace metals, stable isotopes, and organic contaminants, offers the possibility of examining historical changes in environmental quality and may provide a tool for monitoring ecosystem health. Significant advances in dendrochemistry have been made over the past few decades. However, uncertainties remain in terms of analytical techniques, quality assurance, and interpretation of elemental/chemical signatures revealed in tree rings. More recent strides in analytical instrumentation have lowered detection limits and allowed for the analysis of multiple elements, stable isotopes, and organic contaminants in stem wood tissue at finer spatial resolution, and hence finer temporal resolution. Dendrochemical analysis is being applied to the fields hydrology, geochemical cycling, ecological risk assessments, and other environmental studies. This session will present some of the latest applications of dendrochronology and dendrochemistry to environmental assessment.
Conveners: Timothy E. Lewis, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Mailcode B-243-01, RTP, NC 27711 USA, Tel: 919-541-0673, Fax: 919-541-1818, email: lewis.timothy@epa.gov, and Tommy Yanosky, USGS, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive , Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703-648-5206, email: tyanosky@usgs.gov

B12 From Mantle to Microbe: Ridge2000 Research and Progress
The Ridge2000 (R2K) program targets an understanding of the linkages between the processes of planetary renewal and the origin and evolution of life in the absence of sunlight at the world's deep-sea spreading centers. Ridge2000 activities can be broadly divided into two overlapping groups: multidisciplinary integrated studies focused within a few select "type" areas, and time critical studies focused in the NE Pacific that are designed to enhance detection of volcanic and tectonic events at spreading centers and facilitate rapid-response missions to observe these transient events as they occur. The sites chosen for multidisciplinary integrated studies include the Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, the East Pacific Rise 8°-11°N, and the Lau Basin. Although research funded by the R2K program has just begun, there is a significant body of ongoing work within these study sites that bears directly on the broader research objectives of the R2K program. This session will highlight recent research at the Endeavour, EPR, and Lau Basin integrated study sites as well as work related to the time critical studies component and other objectives of the R2K program. We encourage abstracts from the broad range of geophysical, geochemical, hydrological, and biological studies currently ongoing at these sites. Research which explores and illuminates linkages between different components of the integrated biological-geological system is of particular interest.
Conveners: Charles Fisher, Pennsylvania State University, Dept. of Biology 208 Mueller Laboratory Penn State , State College, PA 16802 USA, Tel: 814 865-3365, Fax: 814 865-9131, email: cfisher@psu.edu, and Deborah K Smith, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS 22, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA, Tel: 508 289-2472, Fax: 508 457-2187, email: dsmith@whoi.edu

B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
From the depths of Earth's oceans to the surface of Mars, a wide variety of analytical techniques are being used to probe mineral-microbe interactions on microscales and macroscales. Microorganisms play an important role in a wide range of geological processes. They may directly affect geological formations and processes through enzyme-based or respiration-based processes. Microbiota may also indirectly affect geological processes by altering the chemical conditions of the environment or by serving as heterogeneous nucleation sites for mineral precipitation. For some geological systems, the roles played by microorganisms remain equivocal; therefore it is important to understand the various techniques available to study the complex interactions of microbes with minerals as they occur on various geological scales. The goal of this session is to provide a forum to discuss not only widely used, but also newly developing methodologies for gaining insight into the complex interactions of microbes with minerals. We wish to highlight techniques ranging from the use of synchrotron sources at the microscopic scale to remote spectral imaging at the field scale. Additionally, we encourage submissions that include discussions of the promises and pitfalls of the various methods for investigating microbe-mineral interactions. The presentations will give microbiologists and geologists an opportunity to become familiar with the diverse array of instrumentation and methodologies that are available to answer complex biogeoscience questions.
Conveners: Daphne Stoner, Biotechnology Department, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, 2525 N. Fremont Ave., P. O. Box 1625, MS 2203, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2203 USA, Tel: (208) 526-8786, Fax: (208) 526-0828, email: dstoner@inel.gov, and Jill R Scott, Chemistry Department, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, 2525 N. Fremont Ave., P. O. Box 1625, MS 2208 , Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2208 USA, Tel: (208) 526-0429, Fax: (208) 526-8541, email: scotjr@inel.gov

B14 Estimating Terrestrial Carbon, Water, and Energy Fluxes From Site to Region
The focus of this session will be on innovative approaches to quantifying mass and energy plant-atmosphere exchange from site to region in the context of understanding the global carbon cycle. A broad question to be addressed within this theme is, How have measurements improved our models, and what have our models taught us about the processes we measure? We encourage submissions utilizing inventive modelling and measurement approaches. For example, these may include data assimilation, multiple constraints, inverse analyses, neural networks, cross-scale and interdisciplinary investigations, and application of high-resolution multilayer canopy models. Especially encouraged are reports of studies coupling various biogeochemical components (e.g., water, carbon, nitrogen, isotopes), biological, pedological, and atmospheric processes and feedbacks, combining or comparing different kinds of measurements including eddy covariance fluxes, plant physiological parameters, biometry, soil properties and composition, atmospheric concentrations at various scales, and satellite or airborne remote sensing data and derived products.
Conveners: Julie Styles, Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 541-737-9293, Fax: 541-737-1393, email: julie.styles@oregonstate.edu, and Matthias Falk, University of California, Berkeley, ESPM 105 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-642-9048, Fax: 510-643-5098, email: mfalk@nature.berkeley.edu, and Bev Law, Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science 328 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 541-737-6111, Fax: 541-737-1393, email: bev.law@oregonstate.edu, and Dennis Baldocchi, University of California, Berkeley, Ecosystem Science Division, ESPM 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-642-2874, Fax: 510-643-5098, email: baldocchi@nature.berkeley.edu

B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic Composition of the Atmosphere
This session will explore the physiological, ecological, and microbial processes that influence the isotopic composition of CO^2, water vapor, and other atmospheric trace gases. Relevant topics include, but are not limited to, the isotopic composition of aboveground and belowground organic matter, fractionation effects in the synthesis of organic compounds and respiration, and measured or modeled estimates of photosynthetic and ecosystem discrimination at the ecosystem, regional, or global scale. Abstracts on the application of isotopic methods to investigations of ecosystem physiology, such as partitioning ecosystem fluxes into their component parts, are also encouraged.
Conveners: Diane Pataki, Dept. of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA, Tel: 801-581-3545, Fax: 801-581-4665, email: pataki@biology.utah.edu, and James Ehleringer, University of Utah, USA, email: ehleringer@biology.utah.edu

B16 Astrobiology as a Unifying Theme for Solar System Exploration
Astrobiology is the multidisciplinary study of life in the universe. Many of the current efforts in astrobiology are directed toward understanding the origin and history of life on Earth while beginning the exploration of possibly habitable environments in our solar system. This session is designed to highlight the potential of life on the planets and to explore some of the opportunities for astrobiology in solar system exploration. In proposing this session, we take advantage of several of the "focus groups" that have been formed under the auspices of the NASA Astrobiology Institute to bring together experts from many fields to address specific scientific problems or mission opportunities in astrobiology. The session is intended to examine the habitability of the planets in our solar system, to summarize our expectations about life (past or present) on other planets in this early stage of study, and to develop strategies and instruments to be used in flight missions that will advance our understanding of life beyond the Earth.
Conveners: David Morrison, NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames 240-1 , Mt View, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650 604 5094, Fax: 650 604 4251, email: david.morrison@nasa.gov, and Bruce Runnegar, University of California, Los Angeles, 3845 Slichter Hall UCLA , Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 USA, Tel: 310-206-1738, Fax: 310-206-3051, email: runnegar@ucla.edu

B17 Carbon Cycling in Northern Soils and Surface Waters
Vast quantities of organic carbon are preserved in northern latitude soils due to cold climate. Documented increases in temperature and growing season in northern latitudes create the potential for the release of this stored carbon to the atmosphere and hydrosphere and for change in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon across northern landscapes. This session will focus on the cycling of carbon in northern latitude soils, wetlands, and surface waters, and on the terrestrial-aquatic linkages that control the flux of carbon across the landscape. Our goal is to provide a forum that will bring together both applied and basic research on terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycling and to foster communication among these groups in the interest of improving understanding of the complex nature of the carbon cycle in northern latitudes under a changing climate.
Conveners: Jon J Carrasco, USGS, MS 980 Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303.236.7808, Fax: 303.236.5349, email: jcarrasco@usgs.gov, and Robert G Striegl, USGS, Box 25046 MS 413 Denver Federal Center , Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303 236-4993, Fax: 303 236-5034, email: rstriegl@usgs.gov, and Kimberly P Wickland, USGS, 3215 Marine St., Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-541-3072, Fax: 303-447-2505, email: kpwick@usgs.gov

B18 Ecosystem Interactions With Land-Use Change
Human conversion and modification of ecosystems to produce food and fiber, extract natural resources, and expand urban areas is one of the key modes of global change. Land use change, while essential for satisfying human needs, involves trade-offs with other ecosystem services and functions such as watershed protection, biogeochemical cycling, soil degradation, and habitats for other species. This session will consider studies addressing various aspects of ecosystem responses to land use change and the feedbacks to sustainable land use. Presentations can address the responses and feedbacks of ecosystems at a range of scales, from local to regional to global. The session will also provide opportunities for researchers working on different aspects of land use/land cover to share information on methodological approaches, observational strategies, and feedbacks among ecosystem processes.
Conveners: Gregory P. Asner, Carnegie Institution, Stanford University 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Tel: 650-325-1521, Fax: 650-325-6857, email: gpa@stanford.edu, and Ruth DeFries, University of Maryland, Department of Geography and Earth System Science, College Park, MD 20742 USA, Tel: 301-314-9299, email: rd63@umail.umd.edu

B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of Ecosystem Change
Climate change, deterioration of air and water quality, and recent changes in land use have threatened the health and function of many ecosystems. These trends are likely to continue into the future. Isotopes have proven to be a powerful tool for detecting changes in ecosystem function over a variety of timescales. For example, isotopic fluxes from ecosystems have been shown to vary in response to short-term climate fluctuations within days, while isotopic records in tree rings, ice cores, and lake sediments can indicate changes in ecosystem function over decades to millennia. Isotopic shifts in carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, strontium, and iron each provide unique indicators of biogeochemical processes at scales spanning from microbial to regional, and are particularly powerful when used in combination. For example, the ecosystem functions associated with carbon accumulation and storage have received much attention recently because of the Kyoto Protocol and the global need to reduce CO^2 accumulation in the atmosphere. Isotopes are providing new and interesting insights into the complexity of processes controlling carbon storage within ecosystems, and how land use and land use change can alter these processes. Further, isotopic tools can help elucidate recent and historic ecosystem changes, and potentially can help separate natural variance from anthropogenic effects. This session will focus on isotopic indicators of ecosystem processes with particular emphasis on ecosystem change and stability. We especially encourage submissions that highlight the use of multiple isotopes or multiple timescales to understand ecosystem changes or ecosystem processes.
Conveners: J. Renee Brooks, U.S. EPA/NHEERL Western Ecology Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333 USA, Tel: (541) 754-4684, Fax: (541) 754-4799, email: Brooks.ReneeJ@epa.gov, and Elizabeth Sulzman, Oregon State University, 3017 ALS Building Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: (541) 737-8936, email: elizabeth.sulzman@oregonstate.edu

B20 Modeling Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles in Natural and Contaminated Systems: Linking Hydrogeological, Microbiological, and Geochemical Processes
This session will feature both conceptual and numerical models that describe factors controlling biogeochemical cycling over time and space. In aqueous environments, chemical fate and transport are controlled by microbial growth and decay, organic and inorganic geochemical reactions, and hydrologic processes including fluid flow and sorption/desorption reactions. These processes can be described in terms of thermodynamic and kinetic arguments. Recent advances in computational power and the availability of codes capable of simulating mixed kinetic-thermodynamic reaction systems provide an unprecedented opportunity for development of quantitative descriptions of coupled hydrobiogeochemical systems. This session will provide a venue for presentation of kinetic/thermodynamic models of in situ and laboratory "batch" studies and new applications of conceptual biogeochemical models to understand a variety of environmental processes. Topics will include (but are not limited to) organic contaminant and trace element cycling; chemical diagenesis and contaminant transformations in aquatic sediments; mineral precipitation-dissolution reactions; and redox reactions in surface/subsurface aqueous environments.
Conveners: Jennifer Therese McGuire, Texas A&M University, Department of Geology & Geophysics 3115 TAMU , College Station, TX 77843-3115 USA, Tel: 979-845-4520, Fax: 979-845-6162, email: mcguire@geo.tamu.edu, and Eric Roden, The University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0206 USA, email: eroden@bsc.as.ua.edu

B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
The growing interest in recent years in biogeochemical cycles, including those of the four life-essential elements (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur), has generated a number of research programs, funding initiatives, and curricular foci, nationally and internationally. While there has been a great deal of activity and development of the ecological and general biological aspects of these biogeochemical cycles, the geologic aspects have been explored to a lesser extent. This session is designed to help close that gap by focusing on geologic aspects specifically. These include, but are not limited, to geologic processes involved in biogeochemical cycles, their geological environment, and geologic proxies and modeling with which to document past biogeochemical conditions and processes. Abstracts are solicited from the broadest geologic community so that the session will span the range of disciplines relevant to the geologic aspects of biogeochemical cycles, and will bring together those engaged in observational and theoretical studies.
Conveners: Enriqueta Barrera, National Science Foundation, USA, email: ebarrera@nsf.gov, and Dork Sahagian, University of New Hampshire, USA, email: dork.sahagian@unh.edu

B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North America
This session will focus on the role of human activity in the carbon cycle over North America. Study of the carbon cycle has emphasized the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, ocean, and land reservoirs by natural processes. Yet it is human activity that is altering the carbon cycle to the point where shifts in local weather patterns and even global climate change are becoming a concern. The carbon cycle of the 21st century will be dominated by human influences, although natural feedbacks remain a significant concern. Land use change, energy consumption patterns, development, and population growth have all played significant roles in altering the carbon cycle. As society attempts to manage the carbon cycle in the future, it will become increasingly important to understand these human drivers, both to understand the future patterns of carbon in the Earth system and to understand possible deliberate strategies to mitigate future atmospheric carbon dioxide growth. This session will consider papers on how human activity has altered the carbon cycle over time in the North American region and how human drivers might be expected to change in the future. Abstracts are encouraged that link research on human activities such as land use change, development, or energy use patterns to the spatial or temporal distribution of carbon in the Earth system, as well as studies of deliberate management of the carbon system, such as carbon sequestration, carbon trading, or the role of energy decarbonization. Empirical, theoretical, case study, and modeling research are all encouraged.
Conveners: Lisa Dilling, ESIG/NCAR, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA, Tel: 303-497-2885, Fax: 303-497-8125, email: ldilling@ucar.edu, and Gregg Marland, Env. Sciences Div./Oak Ridge National Laboratory, , Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6335 USA, Tel: 865-241-4850, Fax: 865-574-2232, email: gum@ornl.gov

B23 Very High Resolution Land Cover Mapping Applications to Resource Management
With the advent of very high resolution satellite imagery (IKONOS, QUICKBIRD) it is now possible to achieve mapping accuracies from space that are comparable, in many cases, to aerial photographic interpretation. This allows for a range of land cover and land use mapping and monitoring applications over large areas in support of decision making for resource management. For example, maps of tree cover and built surfaces can be used to target restoration or mitigation activities to protect stream water quality. A very wide range of other applications are possible, building on work that has traditionally been done with aerial photographs. The use of very high resolution imagery brings with it, however, a number of issues that must be properly addressed, such that assessments of land use change and effectiveness of land use planning are based on accurate and repeatable methodologies. These new data sets also require addressing a series of technical issues related to radiometric measurements of mixtures of scene elements, shadowing between components, and the like. We encourage abstracts that examine the range of research and applications of high-resolution imagery, with particular emphasis on assessments of the capabilities as well as constraints and limitations of the data sets and mapping technologies. Relevant abstracts might address interpretation and quantification of imagery in urbanizing areas, studies aimed at determining the effectiveness of land use planning, and projects focused on management of land and water resources.
Conveners: Scott J Goetz, Woods Hole Research Center, P.O. Box 296, Woods Hole, MA 02543-0296 USA, Tel: 508-548-9375, Fax: 508-540-9700, email: sgoetz@whrc.org, and Tom Stone, Woods Hole Research Center, P.O. Box 296, Woods Hole, MA 02543-0296 USA, Tel: 508-540-9900, Fax: 508-540-9700, email: tstone@whrc.org

B24 Validation and Application of Land Surface Products From the MODIS Sensor
With more than three years of data available from the MODIS sensor, there has been progress in both the validation and application of the various global land products including land cover, forest cover, land surface temperature, snow and ice cover, spectral vegetation indices, leaf area index, fPAR, gross primary production, net primary production, and fire detection. Validation activities are continuing at multiple scales from field measurement campaigns and measurements at eddy covariance towers to regional and global comparisons with other satellite sensors and models. The session will focus on not only those products which may be considered validated, but also those which are still being tested, in which case problems and potential solutions will be discussed. We encourage also the submission of abstracts presenting the application of these products for improved understanding of biospheric processes. Applications which integrate multiple MODIS land products or various remote sensing techniques are particularly welcome.
Conveners: Faith Ann Heinsch, University of Montana, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group School of Forestry 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812 USA, Tel: 406-243-6218, Fax: 406-243-4510, email: faithann@ntsg.umt.edu, and Steven W Running, University of Montana, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group School of Forestry 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59802 USA, Tel: 406-243-6311, Fax: 406-243-4510, email: swr@ntsg.umt.edu, and Jeff Privette, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, MODIS Land Team Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-6630, Fax: 301-614-6695, email: jeff.privette@nasa.gov

B25 Aqueous Microbial Geochemistry
Links between aqueous geochemical processes and microbial metabolic activity, reaction mechanisms, and/or energetics are the focus of this session. Field, laboratory, and theoretical investigations are welcomed. Suggested topics include any aspect of the microbial geochemical linkages involved in processes such as biomineralization, metals cycling, mineral dissolution, contaminant sequestration or mobilization, fossilization, diagenesis, organic compound transformation, and weathering. Abstracts reflecting a combined multidisciplinary approach, e.g., molecular geomicrobiology, biomolecular geochemistry, microbial ecology, and surface biogeochemistry, are particularly encouraged.
Conveners: Everett Shock , Dept. of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, USA, email: eshock@asu.edu, and Lesley A Warren, School of Geography & Geology, McMaster University, GSB 309, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 CAN, Tel: 905 525 9140 x 27347, Fax: 905 546 0463, email: warrenl@mcmaster.ca

B26 Land Use Impacts on Trace Gas Exchanges: BATREX Contribution to New Global Change Science Agenda
In recent years significant changes in the way land areas are used have occurred, affecting biogeochemical cycles, especially trace gas fluxes. These changes, conversion of forests to other uses, conversion of agricultural lands to urban development, conversion of range lands to crop lands, and conversion from one type of agricultural system to another, have a significant impact on human society through changes in air quality, water quality, and food production. In addition, farming practices are changing, which affect societal as well as a variety of environmental concerns. One such concern is related to changes in agricultural field management and the impact on atmospheric trace gas concentrations. Water management in rice production can directly impact both methane (CH^4) and nitrous oxide (N^2O) fluxes, and changes from animal waste based fertilization practices to synthetic fertilization can greatly influence N^2O, NH^3, and NO^x emissions. In this proposal we combine the aspects of land management and land use into one "land use" term for simplicity's sake, but keep in mind that both types of change need to be addressed. This session will present abstracts dealing with land use management changes on trace gas fluxes and highlight research needed for defining a research agenda for understanding global environmental change.
Conveners: Arvin Mosier, USDA-ARS, , Fort Collins, CO USA, email: amosier@lamar.colostate.edu, and Dennis Ojima, CSU-NREL, , Fort Collins, CO USA, email: dennis@nrel.colostate.edu

B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
Aeolian processes (wind erosion, dust emission, particle transport, and deposition) are basic elements of the Earth system with local, regional, and global impacts. For example, dust emission affects ecosystems by removing nutrients and changing soil surface texture as well as through other mechanisms. Dust deposition can provide an important long-term source of nutrients to ecosystems but also introduce pathogens. The purpose of this session is to explore the various roles of dust emission and deposition in biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Potential topics include (1) the impact of desert dust inputs on ocean cycles of Fe and P, (2) the consequences of dust-borne pathogens on human and ecosystem health, (3) the impact of wind erosion and dust emission on nutrient cycling in deserts, (4) the impact of dust deposition on soil formation processes, (5) the impact of dust deposition on the maintenance of long-term ecosystem productivity, (6) the importance of dust relative to other atmospheric gain/loss pathways (i.e., fire), and (7) linking ecosystem modeling with physical transport by wind.
Conveners: Gregory S Okin, University of Virginia, Dept. of Environmental Sciences 921 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123 USA, Tel: 434 924-3324, Fax: 434 924-3324, email: okin@virginia.edu, and Natalie Mahowald, National Center for Atmospheric Research, , Boulder, CO USA, Tel: 303-497-1719, email: mahowald@ucar.edu

B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions, Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
Biogenic and anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr) are transported and chemically transformed in the atmosphere and deposited on terrestrial ecosystems, and alter the structure and function of those systems. Estimating atmospheric N exchange, including emissions and deposition, and evaluating ecosystem responses require a diverse array of measurements and models that link the processes at multiple scales. We seek abstracts on physical, chemical, biological, and anthropogenic processes that drive local, regional, and global nitrogen exchange, resultant impacts on terrestrial ecosystem structure, function, carbon uptake, nitrogen export, and biodiversity, the ultimate fate of deposited Nr, and policy implications and responses.
Conveners: Stuart B. Weiss, Creekside Center for Earth Observations, 27 Bishop Lane, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: (650) 854-9732, email: stubweiss@netscape.net, and Elisabeth Holland, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305-3000 USA, Tel: 303-497-1433, Fax: 303-497-1477, email: eholland@ucar.edu

B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
With the advent of FluxNet we now have continuous sampling of biosphere-atmosphere flux at many discrete points, but with limited spatial coverage. Remote sensing provides spatially extensive information regarding ecosystem states, but may not be continuous in time. The contrasting temporal and spatial domains of these two complementary methods present formidable challenges when trying to gain an integrated understanding of Earth system processes. This session will examine emerging efforts to integrate remote sensing with flux sampling to provide an improved understanding of ecosystem function. A particular focus will be on SpecNet (Spectral Network), which is designed to explore the challenges of integrating disparate temporal and spatial data sets.
Conveners: John A Gamon, California State University, Los Angeles, Department of Biological Sciences 5151 State University Drive , Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA, Tel: 323-343-2066, Fax: 323-343-6451, email: jgamon@calstatela.edu, and Abdullah Faiz Rahman, Ball State University, Department of Geography CL425, Ball State University , Muncie, IN 47306 USA, Tel: 765-285-1172, Fax: 765-285-2351, email: faiz@bsu.edu

Biogeosciences also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
H22 Environmental Vadose Zone Hydrology (POSTER)
H28 Observations and Modeling of Land Surface Hydrological Processes
A02 Biogenic Reactive Trace Compounds and Their Role in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
A03 Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Critical Estuary Habitats: The Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE)
A10 Effects of Biomass Burning Plumes on the Troposphere and Stratosphere
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of Atmospheric Gases
H41 The Effects of Best Management Practices on Water Quality, Runoff Processes, and Sediment Transport
H06 Natural Attenuation at the Fringe: Reactive Zones in Biodegrading Groundwater Pollution Plumes (POSTER)
H24 Assessing the Impacts of Vegetation on the Water Balance
H26 Variable Saturation Zones: Landscape Attributes and Sustainability of Watershed Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological Functions
H30 Ecohydrological and Geochemical Processes at the Hillslope and Watershed Scales
H36 Water Quality of Hydrologic Systems (POSTER)
H39 Nitrogen Sources and Cycling in Aquatic Systems
H40 Environmental Impacts of Coal-Bed Methane Development
H32 Catchment Processes in the Tropics
OS04 Late Pleistocene and Holocene Paleoceanographic Variability Along the Pacific Margin of North America
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas Hydrate From Around the Globe
OS08 Geological and Biogeochemical Processes in a Wet Tropical Setting: New Guinea, Source to Sink
P02 Life in the Martian Regolith, Present and Past
PP08 Old World Social Responses to Holocene Abrupt Climate Change Events
PP09 Effects of Sediment Dynamics on Marine Paleorecords
T13 Drilling at the Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O)
V06 Volcanic Emissions to the Troposphere: Fluxes, Feedbacks, Impacts
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive, Translator, and Facilitator
C03 Planetary Permafrost
C05 Snow Cover and Biogeochemical Cycling
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
H37 Designing a Network of Hydrologic Observatories (INVITED ONLY)
H34 Use of Remotely Sensed Boundary Conditions in Land Surface Modeling
PP06 Paleoproductivity, Proxies, and Preservation: Records of Neogene Evolution of the Oceans
NG04 Fractals, Chaos, and SOC in Natural and Human-Induced Hazards
OS10 Recent Advances in Understanding Submarine Environments and the Future of Submergence Research and Facilities

Geodesy

G00 General Geodesy Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Geodesy may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Geodesy sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. Geodesy is concerned with the study and measurement of the external shape of the Earth and its gravity field, including its temporal variations; crustal motion, loading and deformation; Earth rotation; the tidal and rotational motion and deformation of the Earth; the establishment and maintenance of a stable terrestrial reference frame; the dynamics of the Earth including its core and mantle; the construction of and internal dynamics of the Earth; and the flux and exchange of mass and momentum between and within the solid Earth, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere and the atmosphere. Geodetic measurements are crucial to the study of climate change, including the advance and retreat of ice sheets and glaciers, sea level rise, and charting the motion of the Earth's crust through time. Abstracts in these disciplines that do not necessarily fit into the approved sessions are welcome.
Conveners: Jeffrey T. Freymueller, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute PO Box 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 USA, Tel: 907-474-7286, Fax: 907-474-7290, email: jeff@giseis.alaska.edu

G01 Advanced Tropospheric Sensing Methods and Accuracy of Tropospheric Information Determined by Space Geodetic Techniques
We are soliciting abstracts describing advances in tropospheric sensing methods (i.e., the neutral part of the atmosphere) with space geodetic techniques such as GPS, VLBI, WVR, and InSAR. The potential for tropospheric sensing with these techniques has improved considerably over the last few years as a result of technological advances and algorithmic developments. Abstracts are also sought on the accuracy of tropospheric information based on these techniques. We are now at an exciting threshold at which accurate tropospheric estimates and retrievals from these techniques may significantly improve our understanding of the physical and dynamic behavior of weather and climate at various scales. The markedly different spatial and temporal capabilities for sensing the troposphere of the different space-geodetic methods also pose great challenges to tropospheric validation studies. Theoretical studies that assess the requirements for the accuracy of tropospheric information are also encouraged.
Conveners: Pedro Elosegui, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA, email: pelosegui@cfa.harvard.edu, and Yoaz Bar-Sever, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA, email: Yoaz.Bar-Sever@jpl.nasa.gov, and Harald Schuh, Vienna University of Technology, AUT, email: hschuh@luna.tuwien.ac.at

G02 Satellite Measurements of Temporal Gravity Variations
There have been important new developments in the use of satellite data to measure temporal variations of the Earth's gravitational field. Satellite laser ranging has been used to detect a large interannual change in the Earth's oblateness. Modeling results and in situ measurements are being employed to better understand these observed variations. Importantly, GRACE observations of time variations will be acquired during the Cal/Val phase in 2003. The CHAMP satellite, launched in 2000, has now reached the level of developing a multiyear series of time variations in the low-degree gravity coefficients. In addition, new satellite missions are being developed to measure temporal gravity variations to even greater accuracy. This session seeks contributions on all aspects of satellite measurements of temporal gravity variations: data analysis, geophysical interpretation, modeling results, and contributions on new and future missions.
Conveners: Michael M. Watkins, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive M/S: 301-125L , Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 USA, Tel: 818 354-7514, Fax: 818 393-6388, email: michael.m.watkins@jpl.nasa.gov, and R. Steven Nerem, University of Colorado, Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research UCB431, Boulder, CO 80309-0431 USA, Tel: 303-492-6721, Fax: 303-492-2825, email: nerem@colorado.edu

G03 High-Rate GPS: Infrastructure and Applications
The number of continuous GPS sites that are being upgraded to high data rates (1 Hz or more) from the traditional 30 s rate is growing. Often many of these data sets are being made available with very low latency (~1 s). This session solicits contributions on the development of high-rate GPS infrastructure, at all spatial scales, and applications of these data to a variety of geophysical problems, for example, seismology, ionospheric studies, weather near-casting, and volcanology. Contributions related to both real-time and retrospective (postprocessing) applications are encouraged.
Conveners: Yehuda Bock, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA, Tel: 8585345292, Fax: 8585349873, email: ybock@ucsd.edu, and Mark Caissy, NRCAN, CAN, email: caissy@nrcan.gc.ca, and Georg Weber, BKG, DEU, email: georg.weber@bkg.bund.de

G04 Geodesy of Terrestrial Planets
Geodesy experiments are part of many planetary missions. This session will address geodesy of terrestrial planets and large satellites of Jupiter and Saturn. Topics of interest include the shape and gravity field, rotation and orientation variations, and tidal phenomena of these solar system bodies. Geodetic measurements are of crucial importance for a better understanding of the interior structure and dynamics of these "planets" and also provide information on their atmospheres and ionospheres. The session will cover results of new measurements as well as descriptions and simulations of upcoming geodesy experiments.
Conveners: David E. Smith, Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics Goddard Space Flight Center Code 920 , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, email: David.E.Smith@nasa.gov, and T. Van Hoolst, Royal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, Brussels, B-1180 BEL, Tel: 32-2-3730668, Fax: 32-2-3749822, email: tim.vanhoolst@oma.be

G05 Before PBO: What Do We Know?
The Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) promises to revolutionize our understanding of continental plate boundary deformation processes by providing an unprecedented quantity of geodetic data, densely sampled in both space and time. The PBO design is premised upon insights derived from the culmination of decades of geodetic measurement and research from a multitude of different projects conducted throughout the western North American continent. What have we learned so far about the kinematics and dynamics of continental plate boundary deformation (tectonic processes, rheology of and forces acting upon the lithosphere, transient deformations) from these past measurements? What advances have we made in the science of high-precision tectonic geodesy? What specifically do we hope to learn from new PBO instrumentation? This session encourages contributions describing our present state of understanding of continental deformation processes in western North America, and the state of the art in crustal deformation measurement and modeling techniques, particularly the primary methods proposed for implementing PBO (e.g., continuous GPS, borehole or laser strain, and survey-mode GPS), with an eye toward new first-order scientific advances that we can expect to achieve with the PBO. The hope is that by identifying and describing the present state of knowledge more clearly, we may collectively make the most of PBO in terms of observations and resulting science. For example, this review could result directly in better informed decisions about the details of PBO instrument deployment, so as to best address our many questions as we go forward.
Conveners: Richard A. Bennett, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St, MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516 USA, Tel: 617-495-7453, Fax: 617-495-7345, email: rbennett@cfa.harvard.edu, and Kenneth W. Hudnut, U.S. Geological Survey, 525 S. Wilson Ave., Pasadena, CA 91106 USA, Tel: 626-583-7232, Fax: 626-583-7827, email: hudnut@usgs.gov

G06 Core Dynamics: From Geomagnetism to Geodesy
The Earth's outer core is the largest fluid system in the Earth. It is in vigorous convection in much of the history, driven by gravitational energy in the secular cooling of the Earth. Apart from the essential roles in generation of the core magnetic field (geodynamo), the core convection affects and is affected by core-mantle interactions on various time cales, from decades to millions of years. In particular, the core-mantle interactions have important implications in geodetic, geomagnetic, and geodynamo studies. An excellent example is the variation of the Earth's rotation that can be measured by geodetic observations. On the other hand, surface geomagnetic observations can be used to derive core angular momentum variation. Comparison between the two sets of observations not only identifies contributions of the core to Earth's rotation variation, but also provides constraints on core-mantle interactions. Recent results on time variable gravity at the Earth's surface could also include information on core dynamics, as the core convection results in large-scale mass redistribution in the core and dynamic pressure loading on the CMB. The physics behind all these processes can be best investigated via numerical geodynamo modeling. Equally important, the observations can be used for better numerical models. It is in the Earth’s core that geodesy, geomagnetism, and geodynamo interlock with each other, and the consequences reach far beyond the core and the core dynamics. In this session we propose to discuss the large-scale dynamics of the Earth’s core through its effects on surface geodynamic observables, e.g., Earth’s rotation, time-variable gravity, and geomagnetic field.
Conveners: Weijia Kuang, Goddard Space Flight Center, NAS/NRC Research Associate Space Geodesy Branch, Code 926 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301)614-6108, Fax: (301)614-6099, email: kuang@bowie.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Olivier de Viron, Royal Observatory of Belgium, , Brussels, 1160 BEL, Tel: +32 2 373 03 12, Fax: +32 2 374 98 22, email: o.deviron@oma.be

G07 Geocenter: Reference Frame Definition and Influence of Geophysical Fluids
There exists a center of the mass of the Earth system (including fluid envelopes) often referred to as the geocenter. The motion of this point around the Sun and the motions of satellites around this point are determined by the laws of celestial mechanics. There is also an origin for all terrestrial reference frames. As the accuracy of geodetic systems improves and the questions being asked in the context of these references frames, such as the average rate of sea level rise, become more subtle, there is need to address the relationship between physical quantities such as the center of mass and the conceptual notions of the origin of a reference frame. On a rigid Earth, motion of the fluids will change the position of the center of mass relative to, in this case, a well-defined terrestrial origin. Tectonic and loading motions of surface geodetic sites will further complicate the realization of the origin of the terrestrial frame, thus leading to apparent center of mass position changes. As we advance into increasingly higher precisions, this geocenter motion, if not accounted for, induces ambiguities and inconsistencies in all geodetic and altimetric measurements. This session solicits abstracts addressing all fronts of the geocenter issues, including observations, solutions and modeling of reference frames, and geophysical interpretation and modeling of the causes in terms of mass redistributions in the global geophysical fluids.
Conveners: Benjamin F Chao, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 926, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-6104, Fax: 301-614-6099, email: benjamin.f.chao@nasa.gov, and Thomas A Herring, MIT, Room 54-618, MIT 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Tel: (617) 253-5941, Fax: (617) 253-1699, email: tah@mit.edu, and Ron Noomen, Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft , Delft, NLD, Tel: 31-15-2785377, Fax: 31-15-2783444, email: ron.noomen@deos.tudelft.nl

G08 Use of Observations and Models of the Atmosphere and Oceans in Geodesy and Geodynamics
With the aid of modern atmospheric and oceanic observations (both in situ and remotely sensed), including their treatment in sophisticated data assimilation schemes, and by the use of modeling, researchers have gained new insights into the internal workings of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans that previously were not possible. These data sets and tools have also allowed those addressing problems in geodesy and geodynamics to make great strides particularly in studying the dynamical and mass-balance effects of these geophysical fluids on the Earth's rotation, gravitational field, and surface loading. Such phenomena may interact with the solid Earth on periods from under a day to interannual and even climate timescales. The impact of these geophysical fluids on Earth rotation, which assumes fluctuations with timescales related to signatures of the atmosphere and ocean, has been particularly evident. Contributions that examine these topics and the use of atmospheric and oceanic data sets and models in addressing geodetic and geodynamical problems are encouraged.
Conveners: Richard Gross, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mail Stop 238-332 4800 Oak Grove Drive , Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 USA, Tel: 818-354-4010, Fax: 818-393-6890, email: Richard.Gross@jpl.nasa.gov, and David A Salstein, Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., 131 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421-3126 USA, Tel: 781-761-2288, Fax: 781-761-2299, email: salstein@aer.com, and Thomas Johnson, U.S. Naval Observatory, Earth Orientation Department 3450 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20392-5420 USA, Tel: 202-762-1518, Fax: 202-762-1563, email: tj@CasA.usno.navy.mil

G09 Progress in Imaging and Understanding the Surface Deformation Field Above Reservoirs
Withdrawal of fluids from subsurface reservoirs is known to produce compaction of the host formations, and often subsidence at the surface. Typically, subsidence may be induced through groundwater extraction, exploitation of oil and gas fields, or hot water/hot steam geothermal energy production. Techniques to image the surface deformation field include leveling, tilt, differential synthetic aperture radar, and, indirectly, gravity surveys. Inversion of the surface deformation field provides useful information about the specific hydromechanical reservoir conditions at depth, but a complete understanding is often missing. In view of the remarkable progress that has been achieved on this topic in recent years, both with observational and theoretical approaches, we solicit contributions that cover all innovative aspects of imaging, modeling, and inverting the surface deformation fields above reservoirs. We also encourage case studies focusing on the transient nature of induced subsidence or demonstrating both the potential and the limitations of using the surface deformation field to assess relevant reservoir parameters.
Conveners: Hans-Joachim Kuempel, Leibniz Institute for Applied Geosciences (GGA), Stilleweg 2, Hannover, D-30655 DEU, Tel: +49 (0)511 643 3496, Fax: +49 (0)511 643 3665, email: kuempel@gga-hannover.de, and Donald W. Vasco, Berkeley Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division/Building 90 University of California 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-486-5206, Fax: 510-486-5686, email: dwvasco@lbl.gov

G10 Signal Versus Noise in GPS Height Time Series
Observed signals in GPS data are the sum of environmental noise, electromagnetic signal distortion, and real crustal motions. Interpretation of the data depends on our ability to extract a real deformation from this total signal, i.e., what part of the signal is really signal, and what part is really noise? This session will highlight the difficulties associated with extracting geodynamic signals such as postglacial rebound, vertical plate tectonics, or loading from GPS height data. Contributions focusing on extracting the geodetic signal from the noise, the limitations of data processing models and software, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the geodetic signal and noise, improved characterization of errors and noise, and the effect of frame and coordinate realization methods on geodetic time series and velocities are solicited.
Conveners: Tonie van Dam, European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology, 19 Rue Josy Welter, Walferdange, L-7256 LUX, Tel: 35-2-33-14-87-31, Fax: 35-2-33-14-87-88, email: tonie@ecgs.lu, and Geoff Blewitt, Nevada Bureau of Mines & Geology and Seismological Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno Mail Stop 178 , Reno, NV 89557-0088 USA, Tel: 775-784-6691 x171, Fax: 775-784-1709, email: gblewitt@unr.edu

G11 Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (ALSM): Technology, Applications and Results
Airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) is rapidly becoming the primary method for obtaining high-resolution topographic models for a wide variety of Earth science applications, including research in structural geology, surface deformation in active tectonic regions, the development of geomorphic transport laws for hillslopes, alluvial fans and channels to predict landscape evolution, floodplain formation, glacial dynamics, soil moisture distribution, and landslide hazard modeling. The National Science Foundation (NSF) support for research of geosurficial processes using ALSM is expected to increase dramatically in the next few years, for both small-scale projects conducted by individual researchers and large multiresearcher projects such as GeoPBO and CUAHSI (Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrological Sciences). It is important for those developing and advancing the technology, the current user community, and those considering the use of the technology to improve their research, to exchange information on recent progress, and to share their views of the immediate and longer-term challenges and opportunities. A recent NSF sponsored workshop hosted by the University of Florida drew 50 scientists and students from across the nation, who presented more than 30 talks and 10 poster papers.
Conveners: Bill Carter, University of Florida, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA, email: bcarter@ce.ufl.edu, and Michael Bevis, University of Hawaii, 2525 Correa Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, email: bevis@hawaii.edu, and Bill Dietrich, University of California, Berkeley, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, email: bill@eps.berkeley.edu, and Robert Schutz, University of Texas, Center for Space Research 3925 West Braker Lane, Austin, TX USA, email: schutz@csr.texas.edu

G12 Insights Into the Earthquake Cycle
Most studies of the relationship between crustal deformation and active faults have used very simple models of the earthquake cycle. Although these models have been quite successful, they are understood to be crude approximations of reality; more complex models have been proposed but can be difficult to test because they require a long series of measurements made over decades. Observations over the past few decades, while of greater precision, relate to only a small part of one cycle and are critical to the development of seismological models. Recent developments in geological methods and the continuing maturity of geodesy make it timely to consider the present state of knowledge of the earthquake cycle from both data-oriented and model-oriented perspectives. This session is not restricted to any one type of fault, and we welcome abstracts that discuss thrust, strike-slip, and normal faulting. We aim to bring together a broad range of scientific communities (e.g., geology, geodesy, modeling, seismology, sea level) in order to gain a better understanding of the spatial and temporal components of crustal motions during different phases of the earthquake cycle. From a model-oriented perspective, we are particularly interested in abstracts that synthesize recent observations and present the state of the art of our theoretical knowledge of the earthquake cycle. From a data-oriented perspective, we are particularly interested in abstracts that integrate the long-term geological or geodetic record of past earthquakes or fault-related crustal motions with the recent observational record of modern space geodesy. For example, at subduction zones where substantial vertical motions occur, the application of numerical techniques to geologic evidence enables the reconstruction of quantitative estimates of relative land/sea-level changes through multiple earthquake deformation cycles over the last 5000 years. These illustrate distinct interseismic, preseismic and coseismic phases that can be incorporated into comparable seismological models.
Conveners: Ian Shennan, University of Durham, Department of Geography South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE GBR, Tel: +44-191-334-1934, Fax: +44-191-334-1801, email: ian.shennan@durham.ac.uk, and Sarah L. Hamilton, University of Durham, Department of Geography South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE GBR, Tel: +44-191-334-1934, Fax: +44-191-334-1801, email: s.l.hamilton@durham.ac.uk, and Jeffrey T. Freymueller, University of Alaska, Geophysical Institute, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA, Tel: 1-907-474-7286, Fax: 1-907-474-5618, email: jeff@giseis.alaska.edu, and Wayne Thatcher, U.S. Geological Survey, Mailstop 977 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 1-650-329-4810, Fax: 1-650-329-5163, email: thatcher@usgs.gov

G13 Seasonal Signals in Space Geodetic Solutions
Seasonal signals are a universal characteristic of all types of space geodetic solution, including station coordinate time series, polar motion, length of day, Earth's geometric and gravitational shapes, atmospheric delay, GPS signal multipathing, and satellite orbit parameters. This session solicits contributions on seasonal signals in any type of geodetic solution to seek relationships between different types of solution that may be explained physically. For example, a physical model might predict a relationship between seasonal variation in gravity field coefficients and station coordinates. Abstracts that compare seasonal signals in different types of solution are especially welcome, as are those that develop models predicting relationships between different solutions types. We also welcome the presentation of observed seasonal signals that cannot be easily explained and presentations that discuss the anelastic component of the Earth's mechanical response at annual frequency.
Conveners: Geoff Blewitt, University of Nevada, Reno, 1667 N. Virginia St., Mail Stop 178, Reno, NV 89557 USA, Tel: 775 354 6691 x171, Fax: 775 354 1709, email: gblewitt@unr.edu, and Danan Dong, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA USA, Tel: 818 393 1827, Fax: 818 393 6890, email: danan.dong@jpl.nasa.gov

G14 The Next Generation of Models and Observations of Earth Rotation
The understanding of Earth rotation made giant steps in recent years in several directions: (1) in space geodetic techniques for observing the Earth rotation variations, i.e., precession-nutation, polar motion and length of day, (2) in the observation and modeling of the fluid layers, and (3) in the theory and modeling of the Earth rotation parameters. New concepts were introduced for the definition of these parameters, such as those involving the Celestial Intermediate Pole (CIP). The session will cover the future synergy between theory and observation, with special interest in reassessment of approximations used. It will address new challenges in terms of observations, theory, and concepts. It aims also at fostering the necessary dialog between all the facets involved.
Conveners: Martine Feissel-Vernier, Institute Geographique National, FRA, email: feissel@ensg.ign.fr, and Veronique Dehant, Royal Observatory of Belgium, 3, avenue Circulaire , Bruxelles, B-1180 BEL, Tel: 32-2-3730266, Fax: 32-2-3749822, email: v.dehant@oma.be

Geodesy also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
S16 Seismic Hazards in the Great Basin
T02 Seismotectonics of the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental, and Observational Constraints
P06 Science Rationale for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter Mission
P08 Applications of Planetary Radars
S03 Earthquake Hazards of Greater Tokyo: Eighty Years After Kanto
S05 Stress Transfer, Triggered Earthquakes, and Time-Dependent Seismic Hazard
S06 New Views of Seismic Hazard in Cascadia
S08 Subduction and Lithospheric Deformation in South America
S10 The Energy Budget of the “Earthquake Machine”
S18 The 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake: Observations and Implications
T01 Role of Large Strike-Slip Faults in Tectonics of the Tibetan Plateau
T07 Analysis of Plate Boundary Deformation Using Stress and Strain Rate Data in Tandem
T08 Taking the Measure of Deforming Landscapes
T11 At the Seismogenic Front: Dynamic Processes at Convergent Margins
T15 Late Cenozoic Tectonics, Climate, and Topography in the Central and Southern Andes
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C02 Advances in Glacier Geophysics
C08 Glaciers and Ice Sheets

Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism

GP00 General Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. The Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism section represents a variety of scientific fields, including applied mathematics, physics, and geology, linked by a common interest in the Earth's magnetic field and how its characteristics can be used to understand Earth's structure, dynamics, and history. The GP section welcomes abstracts focused on properties of the present geomagnetic field and its behavior in the historical and geological past, studies of magnetic anomalies to understand the structure of the oceanic and continental crust, the study the physics and chemistry of magnetic minerals, with particular emphasis on how they are formed and become magnetized, and electromagnetic methods used to study variations in composition, temperature, and other properties of Earth's crust and mantle.
Conveners: Ozden Ozdemir, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Department of Physics, Erindale College 3359 Mississauga Rd. N., Mississauga, ONT L5L 1C6 CAN, Tel: 905-828-3829, Fax: 905-828-3717, email: ozdemir@physics.utoronto.ca

GP01 Magnetic Interpretation: Continental to Planetary Scales
The recently completed aeromagnetic compilation of North America, the ongoing CHAMP (Earth) and MGS (Mars) satellite magnetometers at 400 km altitude, and missions in preparation (Swarm, ARES, and HAMM) are providing the magnetic interpreter with an abundance of high-quality scalar and vector magnetic observations and the promise of even better observations. Swarm, a satellite magnetic field constellation to fly in 2008, will allow for a separation of temporal and spatial variations of the Earth's magnetic field. ARES has as its goal an aeromagnetic survey over some of the largest Martian magnetic anomalies. HAMM is a high-altitude magnetic survey of the United States which will help to define the long-wavelength lithospheric field and improve the stitching together of individual low-altitude surveys. Abstracts are solicited on either magnetic interpretation or mission-related activities.
Conveners: Michael E Purucker, Raytheon ITSS at Geodynamics Branch, Code 921, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: +1 301 614 6473, Fax: +1 301 614 6522, email: purucker@geomag.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Jeffrey D Phillips, US Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center Box 25046 MS 964, Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: +1 303 236 1206, Fax: +1 303 236 1425, email: jeff@usgs.gov

GP02 Magnetic Anisotropy and Its Applications
The anisotropy of magnetic properties of rocks has become a standard tool in investigations of rock fabric and strain. Anisotropies of susceptibility, magnetic hysteresis, and isothermal remanence among others have become targets of increasing research interest. Comparisons of magnetic anisotropies have been made to infer flow lines and flow directions, foliation planes of diverse types, strain patterns, fidelity of geomagnetic field records of sediments, sources of materials, shapes and origins of rock bodies, and many other geologically relevant aspects. This session encourages contributions exploring all aspects of magnetic anisotropy and their applications to geologic materials.
Conveners: William D MacDonald, State University of New York at Binghamton, Dept. Geological Sciences, Science I, Vestal Parkway E., Binghamton, NY 13902-6000 USA, Tel: 607-777-2863, Fax: 607-777-2288, email: wdmacdon@binghamton.edu, and Bernie Housen, Western Washington University, Dept. Geology, 516 High St., Bellingham, WA 98225-9080 USA, Tel: 360-650-3582, Fax: 360-650-7302, email: bernieh@cc.wwu.edu

GP03 Fundamental and Applied Rock Magnetism
Fine-particle magnetism provides significant information on past geomagnetic field behavior and on a wide variety of depositional, deformational, geochemical, geothermal, and other geological processes and events. Extracting this information requires understanding the complex behavior of magnetic mineral assemblages in response to changing magnetic, thermal, and chemical environments. For this session we seek abstracts highlighting recent theoretical and experimental advances in rock/mineral magnetism, including (but not limited to) the following lines of research: (1) micromagnetic modeling (e.g., improved computational methods, simulation of experiments with varying field, temperature, interactions, etc.); (2) low-temperature magnetometry and transition-related phenomena (e.g., inverse thermoremanence, granulometric and compositional dependence of transitional behavior, low-temperature demagnetization); (3) partial thermoremanences and paleointensity methods (e.g., theoretical and phenomenological models, anhysteretic remanence analog studies, self-reversal); (4) micro- and nano-scale structures and phenomena and macroscopic observables (e.g., antiphase domains, exsolution, oxidation rims); and (5) instruments and analytical techniques (e.g., calibration and database issues, unmixing methods, FORC analysis, etc.).
Conveners: Subir K Banerjee, University of Minnesota, 310 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, Tel: 612-624-5722, Fax: 612-625-7502, email: banerjee@umn.edu, and Mike Jackson, University of Minnesota, 291 Shepherd Labs 100 Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, Tel: 612-624-5274, Fax: 612-625-7502, email: irm@umn.edu

GP04 New Approaches in Rock Magnetism and Paleomagnetism: Merging Magnetic Methods With Analytical Techniques
In recent years, considerable progress has been made in rock magnetism, paleomagnetism, and biomagnetism due to the development of more comprehensive approaches combining traditional magnetic methods with novel low-temperature rock magnetic techniques and analytical methods from other scientific disciplines. This type of approach has been particularly useful in cases where detailed mineralogical work was necessary to validate, calibrate, or sometimes explain observed magnetic properties. Such analytical techniques include, but are not limited to, Mössbauer spectroscopy, microscale to nano-scale magnetic imaging, analytical electron microscopy (e.g., SEM or TEM equipped with EDX, EBSP, EELs, electron holography), and synchrotron radiation techniques (e.g., EXAFS, XRF, diffraction). This session will be devoted to interdisciplinary studies of this character with application to rock magnetism and paleomagnetism, mineralogy, and iron (bio)-geochemistry in the environment.
Conveners: Yohan Guyodo, University of Minnesota, Department of Geology and Geophysics 108, Pillsbury Hall 310, Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, Tel: (612) 624-5274, Fax: (612) 625-7502, email: guyodo@umn.edu, and Suzanne A. McEnroe, CSIRO Exploration and Mining, Advanced Magnetics Group PO Box 136 , North Ryde NSW, 1670 AUS, Tel: 61-2-9490-8873, Fax: 61-2-9490-8874, email: Suzanne.McEnroe@csiro.au

GP05 Environmental Magnetism
Magnetic techniques can provide detailed information concerning natural and anthropogenic fine-grained iron-bearing particles in the environment. Magnetic particles are often sensitive indicators of environmental processes since their occurrence and concentration can respond to orbitally forced paleoclimatic variations or to other paleoenvironmental changes. In addition, magnetic particles can serve as tracers of anthropogenic pollution or of environmental conditions in archeological sites. We welcome contributions to a wide-ranging environmental magnetism session, including recent advances from studies of the various natural archives (soils, lacustrine, marine and terrestrial sediments) representing all applications of the subject including, but not limited to, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, pollution monitoring, and archeology.
Conveners: Ted Evans, University of Alberta, , Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1 CAN, Tel: (780) 492-5517, Fax: (780) 492-4256, email: evans@phys.ualberta.ca, and Andrew Roberts, University of Southampton, Southampton Oceanography Centre European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH GBR, Tel: 44+23 80593786, Fax: 44+23 80593059, email: arob@soc.soton.ac.uk

GP06 Geomagnetic Variations: From Secular Variation to Superchrons
Geomagnetic variations with an internal origin occur at a wide range of timescales, from those typical of outer and inner core processes (~102-103 years) to those of mantle processes (~107-108 Myr). The short term variations (secular variation, (reversal) excursions, or "tiny wiggles," polarity reversals) are sometimes viewed as a continuum that is inherent to core processes. But are they? The longer-term processes (changes in reversal frequency, superchrons) must be related to mantle processes, and thus to plate tectonics. We encourage contributions that consider (records of) all timescales of geomagnetic field variations and that play a role in our understanding of the workings of the geodynamo.
Conveners: Cor G. Langereis, Paleomagnetic Laboratory Fort Hoofddijk, , Utrecht, NLD, Tel: +31.30.253.1668, email: langer@geo.uu.nl, and Lisa Tauxe, Scripps Oceanographic Institution, , San Diego, USA, email: ltauxe@ucsd.edu

GP07 High-resolution Description of the Earth's Magnetic Field Time Variations Using Paleomagnetism and Archeomagnetism
We encourage contributions dealing with paleomagnetism and archeomagnetism (direction+intensity) to provide a high-resolution full-vector description of time variations of the Earth's magnetic field, both at regional and global scales. We especially welcome new results that help to constrain the secular variation at century and millennium scales. We further seek contributions that bridge the gap between observations and geomagnetic modeling or that illustrate the need to combine, or confront, different approaches for converging toward a more reliable secular variation description. Contributions addressing the dating problem in this respect are appreciated. Finally, we call for abstracts presenting methodological advances that allow us to increase the accuracy of the paleo archeomagnetic data, in particular intensity.
Conveners: Yves Gallet, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, 75005 FRA, Tel: 33 1 44 27 24 32, Fax: 33 1 44 27 74 63, email: gallet@ipgp.jussieu.fr, and Monika Korte, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, Postdam, 14473 DEU, Tel: 49 331 288 1268, Fax: 49 331 288 1235, email: monika@gfz-potsdam.de

GP08 Extraterrestrial Paleomagnetism: Role of Impact Related Shock
With the discovery of the extraordinary Martian crustal magnetic anomalies, interest in their origin has stimulated research in extraterrestrial paleomagnetism. The most intense crustal fields on Mars exhibit coherence over ~1000-km scales and stand in stark contrast to the much weaker and far less coherent remanent fields on the Moon. Yet impact processes appear to play an important role in both objects. A particular feature of the Martian field is the apparent demagnetization brought about by the Hellas and Argyre impacts, which has implications on the planet's thermal and magnetic histories. Many craters and basins on the Moon show clear evidence for impact demagnetization, with signatures that highlight the importance of shock effects. In this session we will encourage discussions of the magnetism of meteorites, the Moon, Mars, and of asteroids, with emphasis upon the possible role of shock and on experimental investigations of shock on the laboratory scale.
Conveners: Mike Fuller, University of Hawaii, 2525 Correa RD, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, Tel: 808 956 4938, Fax: 808 956 3188, email: mfuller@soest.hawaii.edu, and Bob Lin, U.C. Berkeley, , Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510 642 1149, Fax: 510 643 8302, email: rlin@ssl.berkeley.edu, and Dave Mitchell, U.C. Berkeley, , Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510 643 1561, Fax: 510 643 8302, email: mitchell@ssl.berkeley.edu

GP09 Tectonic and Geochronologic Applications of Sedimentary Paleomagnetism
This session highlights the use of sedimentary paleomagnetism for studying tectonics as well as for stratigraphic correlation. Contributions documenting the use of sedimentary paleomagnetism to correlate and date geologic and tectonic events are welcome. The session will focus on the versatility of sedimentary paleomagnetism for studying a wide range of geologic events. Studies based on methodologies beyond basic remanence measurements (e.g., magnetic fabrics, rock magnetic properties) are also solicited.
Conveners: Kenneth P Kodama, Lehigh University, Dept of Earth and Environmental Sciences 31 Williams Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA, Tel: 610-758-3663, Fax: 610-758-3677, email: kpk0@lehigh.edu, and Bradford M Clement, Florida International University, SW 8th St & 107th Ave, Miami, FL 33199 USA, Tel: 305.348.3085, Fax: 305.358.3877, email: clementb@fiu.edu

GP10 Magnetic Petrology and its Applications to Tectonics, Remote Sensing, and the Martian Climate
Between the theoretical precepts and experiments of rock magnetism and the field endeavors and remanence stability tests of paleomagnetism, lies an area of investigation where petrological and mineralogical analyses of paleomagnetic samples are combined with the principles of rock magnetism to explain the origin, reliability, and geological significance of remanent magnetism. Rob Hargraves was one of the leading practitioners and advocates for this interdisciplinary field of research, magnetic petrology. In appreciation of his influence and enthusiasm this session will cover some of the recent developments in this field including lamellar magnetism, Martian dust, and the implications for tectonics and magnetic field anomalies.
Conveners: Tullis C Onstott, Princeton University, Dept. of Geosciences, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA, Tel: 609-258-7678, Fax: 609-258-1274, email: tullis@princeton.edu, and Robert A. Duncan, Oregon State University, College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences 104 Ocean Admin Bldg , Corvallis, OR 97331-5503 USA, Tel: 541-737-5206, Fax: 541-737-2064, email: rduncan@coas.oregonstate.edu

GP11 Conductivity From Crust to Core
This session solicits submissions on all aspects of electrical conductivity studies of Earth and planets. Electrical conductivity, one of the few physical parameters that can be sensed remotely, provides important constraints on porosity, melt content, temperature, and mineralogy of the crust and mantle. We welcome submissions on field projects, laboratory work, and numerical/theoretical studies. We encourage work presenting new results pertaining to deep Earth structure, but also environmental and hydrological applications of electromagnetism.
Conveners: Steven Constable, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, MC 0225, La Jolla, CA USA, Tel: 858 5342409, Fax: 858 5348090, email: sconstable@ucsd.edu, and John Booker, University of Washington, 63 Johnson Hall, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, Tel: 206 5439492, Fax: 206 5430489, email: booker@ess.washington.edu

Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental, and Observational Constraints
G06 Core Dynamics: From Geomagnetism to Geodesy
T12 Ground and Space Methods for Monitoring EM Preearthquake Phenomena
V10 Crustal and Mantle Processes in Ophiolites and Ocean Crust Generation
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
T14 New Views of the Structure and Composition of the Deep Earth
T16 Heat Sources in the Core
V17 New Frontiers in High-Pressure Research

Hydrology

H00 General Hydrology Contributions
This session solicits contributions related to the scientific, engineering, management or policy aspects of hydrology. Hydrology is the study of the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of water as a solid, liquid, and vapor, as it cycles through surface waters, the atmosphere, and the surface layers of the Earth; and its utilization in social and economic endeavors, including impacts from this use. Potential contributors should first consider submitting to one of the specific hydrology sessions listed below, and only if the contribution falls outside these sessions, then contribute to this general session. These general contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and either assigned to a session or have sessions formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
Conveners: Eric Wood, Princeton University, Department of Civil Engineering, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003 USA, Tel: 609-258-4675, Fax: 609-258-2799, email: efwood@princeton.edu

H01 Quantifying Rates of Geomorphic Processes
Significant advancement in quantifying rates of surface processes is now possible through the application of a variety of new tools. This session will explore how methods such as cosmogenic nuclides, apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometry, U-series geochemistry, luminescence, and chemical mass balances quantify relationships between climate, tectonics, and surface processes. We welcome geochemical, field, and modeling studies that tackle processes related to erosion and sedimentation on short, intermediate, or long timescales. We hope to attract studies examining active mountain belts as well as controlled experiments. This interdisciplinary session welcomes studies that focus on advancements made using individual techniques or studies that integrate several techniques.
Conveners: Arjun M. Heimsath, Dartmouth College, 6105 Fairchild Hall, Department of Earth Sciences, Hanover, NH 03755 USA, Tel: 603-646-2374, Fax: 603-646-3922, email: Arjun.Heimsath@Dartmouth.edu, and Todd Ehlers, University of Michigan, 2534 C.C. Little Bldg. 425 East University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063 USA, Tel: 734-763-5112, Fax: 734-763-4690, email: tehlers@umich.edu

H02 Earth Surface: Processes and Landscapes (POSTER)
This is a general poster session on processes that affect the form and function of the surface of Earth. These processes, in which physics, chemistry, and biology have roles, occur over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, and include fluvial, aeolian, and coastal sediment transport and the resulting erosion and sedimentation; hillslope mass movements; glacial and periglacial activity; weathering and pedogenesis; surface manifestations of volcanism and tectonism; and human activities that modify the surface of Earth. We welcome contributions on field or lab experiments, field monitoring, theoretical or numerical modeling, application of surface dating techniques, and development of new methods.
Conveners: Elizabeth B. Safran, Lewis & Clark College, Environmental Studies, MSC 55 0615 SW Palatine Hill Road, Portland, OR 97219 USA, Tel: (503) 768-7690, Fax: (503) 768-7369, email: safran@lclark.edu, and Ellen Wohl, Colorado State University, Department of Geosciences, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA, Tel: (970) 492-5298, Fax: (970) 491-6307, email: ellenw@cnr.colostate.edu

H03 Extreme Event Geomorphology
Extreme events occur in many landscapes, but are particularly common to mountainous environments, and span the range from extreme precipitation events associated with large storms to dam-break floods (landslide, moraine, or ice dams), glacial outburst floods, volcano-ice interactions, and massive landslides/debris avalanches. These extreme events can accomplish considerable amounts of erosion, landscape modification, and sediment transfer in a matter of hours, but are relatively rare occurrences. The trade-off between the magnitude, frequency, and duration of events is a classic problem in geomorphology, and depends on the magnitude of any intrinsic thresholds and the nonlinearity of erosion and transport processes. We encourage field, laboratory, statistical, and theoretical studies of the role of extreme events in geomorphology and the processes that cause them. We encourage presentation of evidence both for and against a significant role of extreme events.
Conveners: Kelin X Whipple, MIT, Department of EAPS, Rm 54-1016 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Tel: 617 253 2578, Fax: 617-252-1800, email: kxw@mit.edu, and David R Montgomery, University of Washington, Department of Geological Sciences Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, Tel: 206-685-2560, Fax: 206-543-3836, email: dave@ess.washington.edu

H04 Watershed Processes and Linkages to Regional and Watershed Patterns in Stream Channel Morphology
Channel morphology, habitat structure, and disturbance regimes vary with local and regional differences in topography, geology, and climate. Human activities that alter runoff (magnitude, timing, and/or routing) and the supply and transport of sediment and/or wood can alter small- and large-scale spatial patterns in channel morphology. Recent advances in remote sensing and GIS technologies enhance our ability to characterize land surface conditions and model physical and ecological processes at regional scales. This session will explore problems in (1) predicting reach- or site-scale channel characteristics using map-based and remotely sensed data and (2) assessing channel characteristics and temporal trends at the regional scale using reach-scale field data.
Conveners: John M Faustini, Oregon State University, c/o U.S. EPA 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA, Tel: (541) 754-4581, Fax: (541) 754-4716, email: faustini.john@epa.gov, and Philip R Kaufmann, US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR , 97333 USA, Tel: (541) 754-4451, Fax: (541) 754-4716, email: Kaufmann.Phil@epa.gov, and Brian P Bledsoe, Colorado State University, Department of Civil Engineering, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372 USA, Tel: 970-491-8410, Fax: 970-491-8671, email: bbledsoe@engr.colostate.edu

H05 Form, Process and Climate in Landscape Evolution
Coupled models of landform evolution in headwater watersheds, which combine geomorphic, hydrologic, and geochemical processes, have become increasingly sophisticated and realistic. This session is devoted to surveying the state of the art in such modeling in recognition of the pioneering research and lasting impact of Michael J. Kirkby upon his retirement. The session will combine invited and contributed contributions spanning the wide range of his research activities, which include hillslope geomorphology and hydrology, soil chemistry and profile development, erosion and sedimentation processes, landscape evolution modeling, and geomorphic responses to climate and environmental change.
Conveners: William E Dietrich, UC Berkeley, Earth and Planetary Science, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-642-2633, Fax: 510-643=9980, email: bill@eps.berkeley.edu, and David J Furbish, Florida State, Department of Geological Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA, Tel: (850)644-7494, Fax: (850)644-7493, email: furbish@fsu.edu, and Alan D Howard, University of Virginia, Department of Environmental Sciences, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123 USA, Tel: (434) 924-0563, Fax: : (434) 982-2137, email: alanh@virginia.edu, and Keith Beven, University of Lancaster, Environmental Science Department, Lancaster, LA1 4YB GBR, Tel: +44-1524-593892, email: k.beven@lancaster.ac.uk

H06 Natural Attenuation at the Fringe: Reactive Zones in Biodegrading Groundwater Pollution Plumes (POSTER)
Many naturally attenuating pollution plumes have zones of much higher biodegradative activity, where optimal concentrations of electron acceptors and donors coincide with the necessary redox conditions, mineralogy, and microbial populations. These zones are often associated with the plume fringe where transverse mixing and degradation create countergradients of concentrations, but can also occur in the plume's interior. This sesssion will explore the issues associated with locating, observing, modeling, and predicting these zones, and hence developing preformance models for predicting NA. The preference will be for field-based research to be presented, but supporting laboratory studies and modeling activities will be welcome. A feature of the session will be the European CORONA research project, in which fringe and other reactive zones are being researched at six field sites.
Conveners: David N Lerner, University of Sheffield, Civil & Structural Engineering Mappin St, Sheffield So Yorks, S1 3JD GBR, Tel: 44 113 222 5743, Fax: 44 113 222 5701, email: d.n.lerner@shef.ac.uk, and Thomas Ptak, University of Tuebingen, Center for Applied Geoscience Sigwartstraße 10, Tuebingen, D-72076 DEU, Tel: 49 7071 29 7 52 38, Fax: 49 7071 5059, email: thomas.ptak@uni-tuebingen.de, and Poul L Bjerg, University of Denmark, Environment and Resources Bygningstorvet, Building 115, Lyngby, Kongens, DK-2800 DNK, Tel: 45 45 4525 1615, Fax: 45 45932850, email: plb@imt.dtu.dk

H07 Recent Advances in Groundwater Hydrology (POSTER)
This session will highlight recent advances in the field of groundwater hydrology. Poster presentations are encouraged on all aspects of groundwater hydrology. Possible topics include advances in field measurement and site characterization, new strategies for modeling flow or transport in porous and fractured media, interpretation of microscale and macroscale laboratory experiments, and field case studies highlighting advances in theory or practice.
Conveners: Claire Welty, Drexel University, Dept. of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA, Tel: 215-895-2281, Fax: 215-895-1363, email: weltyc@drexel.edu, and James J Butler, The University of Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey, 1930 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047-3726 USA, Tel: 785-864-2116, Fax: 785-864-5317, email: jbutler@kgs.ukans.edu

H08 Geohydrological Modeling in Support of Litigation
Groundwater models have been and continue to be used in support of litigation. In general, they provide insight into historical events that form the basis upon which damages can be assessed or remediation costs allocated. Every trial is unique in the way that models have been employed in the evaluation of a legal theory. By their nature, models used for litigation are seldom published in the professional literature and are therefore not exposed to peer review and evaluation. Nevertheless, many, if not most, notorious groundwater cases have used models by both the defense and the prosecution. The strategy behind their utilization is of enormous scientific as well as societal interest.
Conveners: George F Pinder, University of Vermont, 371 Votey Building, Burlington, VT 05405 USA, Tel: 802 656 8697, Fax: 802-656-8446, email: pinder@uvm.edu, and Jon F Sykes, University of Waterloo, Department of Civil Engineering, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1 CAN, Tel: 519-888-4567, Fax: 519-888-6197, email: sykesj@uwaterloo.ca

H09 Geocentrifuge Advances in Studying Subsurface Environmental Processes
The application of geocentrifuge techniques to the field of geotechnical engineering is well established; however, recent work has also demonstrated the application of geocentrifuge techniques for studying subsurface environmental processes. During geocentrifuge testing, physical models are loaded onto a geocentrifuge and subjected to centrifugal accelerations that are many times that of the Earth’s gravitational acceleration. This increased acceleration field is used to enhance advective transport of fluids and chemicals through geologic media. Recent studies have covered a wide variety of applications including the unsaturated hydraulic characterization of soils and rock, chemical transport through unsaturated media, multiphase liquid transport, convective heat transport, subsurface colloid behavior, and in situ air sparging. The advancement of miniaturized tools, measurement devices, and optical visualization has allowed researchers to better analyze these experiments. Mathematical descriptions of these processes are used to scale observations from the centrifuge to the real world. This session highlights recent advances in use of the geocentrifuge as a tool to examine subsurface processes in saturated and unsaturated media. It is open to physical studies that address hydrological flow and chemical transport in the subsurface, as well as mathematical descriptions of these physical processes in a centrifugal field.
Conveners: Earl D Mattson, , Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, PO Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2107 USA, Tel: 208 526-4084, Fax: 208 526-0875, email: matted@inel.gov, and Patricia J Culligan, MIT, Room 1-370 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Tel: 617 258-7093, Fax: 617 253-6044, email: trishch@mit.edu

H10 Moving Beyond the Model Development Stage: Groundwater Model Validation, Postaudits, and Long-Term Monitoring (POSTER)
Numerical groundwater models are commonly used to make quantitative predictions for many purposes including risk assessment, remediation and/or monitoring design, and resource evaluation. To reduce uncertainty associated with such predictions, model development typically follows an iterative process of characterization, calibration, prediction, and then updated characterization. However, no matter how often this iterative process is repeated, there remains some uncertainty associated with model predictions. While many methods have been developed to estimate the degree of uncertainty in model predictions, such uncertainty is often not assessed subsequent to the model development stage. Moving beyond the model development process to a stage where model predictions are evaluated using results from a well-designed long-term monitoring program may provide new insights and help highlight those aspects that are most crucial to the entire modeling process. This session seeks abstracts that deal with this postdevelopment stage of the modeling process. In particular, studies focusing on model evaluation, model validation, long-term monitoring strategies for evaluating and refining model predictions, and model postaudits are encouraged for this session.
Conveners: Timothy D Scheibe, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 MS K9-36, Richland, WA 99352 USA, Tel: 509 372 6065, Fax: 509-372-6089, email: tim.scheibe@pnl.gov, and Ahmed E Hassan, Desert Research Institute, 755 E. Flamingo Road, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA, Tel: 702-895-0465, Fax: 702-895-0427, email: hassan@dri.edu, and Barbara S Minsker, University of Illinois, 3230 Newmark Lab, MC-250 205 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 USA, Tel: 217-333-9017, Fax: 217-333-6968, email: minsker@uiuc.edu

H11 Optimization for Model Calibration and Management in Water Resources
This session will focus on the application of optimization methods in surface and groundwater analysis. One important use of optimization methods is for automatic calibration of models describing the movement of water and its impact on the transport of nutrients or contaminants. Such models have a large number of parameters, and calibrating the models to observed data is very time consuming. Automatic calibration uses an optimization method to do a computer search for the combination of parameter values that best fits the data. It is possible for the modeler to interact with the automatic calibration to guide the search by specifying the output and other characteristics that are important in finding the calibration parameter set that is most reasonable. In management, optimization methods can be used to select the decisions for designing and operating a water resource system. In the case of groundwater remediation, for example, this includes location of wells for extraction or injection of water and possible additives, and rates of pumping. Operation of reservoirs under variable weather conditions can be analyzed by optimization methods. For watershed, optimization objectives can include determining the location and type of decision (e.g., installation of erosion control measures) that would best achieve goals of hydrologic or pollution control. Optimization analysis can also be used to assist in quantifying the uncertainty associated with either calibration of water resources model or pollution control. Abstracts on this interaction between optimization and uncertainty analysis would also be welcome.
Conveners: Christine A Shoemaker, Cornell University, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA, Tel: 607 255 9233, Fax: 607 255 9004, email: cas12@cornell.edu, and Soroosh Sorooshian, University of Arizona, Harshbarger Bldg, Room 172, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA, Tel: 520 621 1661, Fax: 520 6 248826, email: corrie@hwr.arizona.edu

H12 Dealing With Hydrogeologic Uncertainty in Practice: Data Collection, Models, Predictions, and Regulatory Guidelines
This session provides a forum to discuss the present state and continued challenges of coping with uncertainty in groundwater flow and transport model predictions. Over the last 30 years, stochastic methods have evolved one set of tools for quantifying uncertainty. Other methods involve inferential statistics and random sampling through Monte Carlo methods. We would like to explore the following questions: How has our growing understanding of the role of system complexities, such as heterogeneity, impacted the collection of data, the design of models and their application, the assessment of model predictions, and the development of regulatory guidelines? What are the most glaring problems that arise when ignoring heterogeneity and uncertainty in site-specific applications? What regulatory or professional guidelines for site assessment have been developed or changed as a result of our understanding of hydrogeologic heterogeneity and limitations of commonly available data? What are the practical advantages/disadvantages of various tools that take into account hydrogeologic heterogeneity and uncertainty? We seek illumination of difficulties as well as proposed solutions.
Conveners: Thomas Harter, University of California, Davis, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, 113 Veihmeyer Hall , Davis, CA 95616-8628 USA, Tel: 530-752-2709, email: thharter@uckac.edu, and Mary C Hill, US Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-541-3014, email: mchill@usgs.gov

H13 Interactions Between Fluids and Fractures
Interactions between fluids and fractures are fundamental to Earth processes ranging from the flows of groundwater, petroleum, or natural gas to the formation of joints or faults or the emplacement of igneous intrusions. Likewise, these interactions are critical to effectively designing the propagation of hydraulic fractures, the control of injected carbon dioxide, the containment of radioactive waste, or other subsurface engineering projects. The purpose of this session is to bring together investigators from hydrogeology, geomechanics, structural geology, rock mechanics, and other relevant disciplines to review in a single forum the varied perspectives on fluids and fractures. We encourage abstracts on field, laboratory, and theoretical aspects of how fluids affect fracture dilation and growth, how fractures control fluid storage and migration, and how these processes are coupled to one another or to other thermal, chemical, or biological processes.
Conveners: Lawrence C Murdoch, Clemson University, 340 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA, Tel: 864 656 2597, Fax: 864-656-1041, email: lmurdoc@clemson.edu, and Leonid Germanovich, Georgia Tech, 790 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA, Tel: 404 894 2284, Fax: 404 894 2281, email: leonid@ce.gatech.edu

H14 Recent Advances in GIS and Data Visualization in Regional-Scale Groundwater Modeling
Rapid development in computer hardware and software technology has resulted in new and improved tools, which could drastically change the way groundwater modeling is done today. One of these tools is the GIS technology, which allows for swift organization, quantification, and interpretation of large quantities of hydrogeological data and can serve as an integrated environment in which field data are analyzed and checked and the conceptual model formulated and updated. The GIS and advanced data visualization tools are particularly valuable for regional, large-scale groundwater modeling studies where an enormous amount of geological, hydrogeological, and geochemical data may need to be processed, organized, and displayed. This session is intended to bring together researchers and practitioners interested in the development and application of the state-of-the-art GIS and data visualization technology in regional groundwater flow and transport modeling. Presentations dealing with innovative case studies are especially encouraged.
Conveners: Chunmiao Zheng, University of Alabama, Department of Geological Sciences 202 Bevill Building, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA, Tel: 205 348 0579, Fax: 205-348-0818, email: czheng@ua.edu, and Paul Hsieh, US Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road Mail Stop 496, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650 329 4580, Fax: 650-329-4463, email: pahsieh@usgs.gov

H15 The Influence of Scale on Characterization of Fractured-Rock Aquifers
Rapid urbanization in many parts of the world is creating a greater dependence upon groundwater as a source of industrial, public, and private water supplies. Fractured-rock aquifers are increasingly being relied upon for these new sources, but understanding the capacities of and flow pathways within such aquifers can present daunting scientific challenges. Studies of water availability in fractured-rock aquifers are conducted over a range of scales, from individual wells and well fields to entire watersheds and geologic provinces. Bedrock geologic structures and fractures can have a considerable effect on the groundwater flow regime; how much geologic data is necessary to describe the salient features of a fractured-rock aquifer, however, will vary with scale of the investigation and its geologic setting, and is not well understood or agreed upon. This session will address the influence of scale on hydrogeologic investigations by bringing together hydrologists and geologists involved in fractured-rock studies at a variety of scales, in order to better understand the relationship between size of investigation and the amount and nature of geologic information that is needed to adequately characterize a given groundwater flow regime. Geophysical, geochemical, and groundwater modeling investigations that indicate the degree to which geologic structure and fracture data are needed to infer hydraulic properties and define aquifer heterogeneity over various physical dimensions and different geologic terrains are of interest, as is the relation between local and regional stress distributions and aquifer hydraulic properties.
Conveners: William C Burton, US Geological Survey, 926A National Center, Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703 648 6904, Fax: 703 648-6953, email: bburton@usgs.gov, and Allen M Shapiro, US Geological Survey, 431 National Center, Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703 648 5884, Fax: 703-648-5274, email: ashapiro@usgs.gov

H16 Numerical Simulations of Flow and Transport in Heterogeneous Subsurface Systems (POSTER)
In recent years, numerical simulation has been adopted more frequently to study fluid flow and solute transport in subsurface environments, especially in heterogeneous soils and aquifers. The purpose of this session is to highlight recent achievements of such numerical studies, which may include newer applications in saturated and unsaturated or multiphase systems or that include chemical reactions and other coupled nonlinear phenomena. Abstracts that address analyses of particular numerical techniques and grid design, the role of Monte Carlo studies and geostatistical methods, the importance of experimental design, and links to field-scale experiments or larger-scale models are also welcome.
Conveners: You-Kuan Zhang, The University of Iowa, 121 TH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA, Tel: 319-335-1806, Fax: 319-335-1821, email: you-kuan-zhang@uiowa.edu

H17 Hydrogeophysics: Characterization and Monitoring of Subsurface Parameters and Processes
As safe and effective use of the subsurface environment becomes increasingly important to our society, there is a growing need to improve our understanding of flow and transport processes in the shallow subsurface. A new discipline of hydrogeophysics has evolved to meet this need. By combining measurements made with standard hydrologic tools with geophysical methods that are designed specifically for shallow applications, accurate subsurface characterization and monitoring can be achieved with high temporal and spatial resolution and over a range of spatial scales. Research in this discipline is aimed at continuing development and improvement of geophysical methods for shallow investigations, and improved simultaneous use of geophysical and hydrogeological measurements. The purpose of this session is to discuss recent research advances within the emerging discipline of hydrogeophysics. We seek contributions that focus on improved geophysical theory, instrument development, and geophysical and joint hydrogeophysical inversion approaches (data fusion). We also solicit hydrogeophysical case studies that illustrate the potential benefits, or limitations, of hydrogeophysical investigations. This session will be of interest both to hydrogeophysicists and to hydrologists, whose investigations may benefit from the inclusion of emerging geophysical methods. Specific areas of application include water resources, contaminant transport, ecohydrology, precision agriculture, and climate change. A companion session entitled "Hydrogeophysics: Characterization and monitoring of soil properties and processes in the laboratory" will complement this session by discussing laboratory-scale hydrogeophysical measurement methods, data analysis, and modeling.
Conveners: Susan S Hubbard, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-486-5266, Fax: 510-486-5686, email: sshubbard@lbl.gov, and Andrew Binley, Lancaster University, Department of Environmental Science, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ GBR, Tel: 44 (0)1524 593927, Fax: 44 (0)1524 593985, email: a.binley@lancaster.ac.uk, and Ty P A Ferre, University of Arizona, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources 1133 E . North Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011 USA, Tel: 520 621 2952, Fax: 520-621-1422, email: ty@hwr.arizona.edu

H18 Hydrogeophysics: Characterization and Monitoring of Soil Properties and Processes in the Laboratory
As safe and effective use of the subsurface environment becomes increasingly important to our society, there is a growing need to improve our understanding of flow and transport processes in the shallow subsurface. Subsurface characterization and monitoring can be made more accurate when they are coupled with knowledge about geophysical properties of soil at controlled in situ conditions. Important advances have been made in the laboratory to understand the interactions between the geochemical, geological, geophysical, and microbial properties of soils. The main thrust in this field has been in the development of measurement methods relevant to soils in the top few hundred meters of the subsurface and to consider the specific biogeochemistry of the soil ecosystem. The purpose of this session is to discuss recent research advances in experimental data and models of soil properties with applications to hydrogeophysics. We seek contributions that focus on laboratory measurement methods, laboratory data, and/or modeling properties of soil. These contributions could focus on (1) Development of laboratory measurement methods specially adapted to the shallow environment, (2) laboratory data that can help characterize and understand the relationships between geophysical attributes and hydrogeological and biogeochemical parameters, and (3) theoretical and empirical models for geophysical mapping, for example, of biogeochemical variations in the soil or contaminant transport. The session would benefit from participation of experimentalists and theoreticians from various fields in soil and rock physics and would provide a basis for fruitful discussions on different aspects of soil contamination, characterization, monitoring, and remediation. A companion session entitled "Hydrogeophysics: Characterization and monitoring of subsurface parameters and processes" will complement this session by focusing on subsurface characterization and monitoring using geophysical methods for shallow investigations, and improved simultaneous use of geophysical and hydrogeological measurements.
Conveners: Manika Prasad, Stanford University, Geophysics Department 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Tel: 650 723 8547, Fax: 650-723-1188, email: manika.prasad@stanford.edu, and David Lesmes, The George Washington University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA, Tel: 202 994 6190, Fax: 202 994-0450, email: lesmes@gwu.edu, and Lee Slater, Rutgers University, Department of Earth and Environmental Science 195 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102 USA, Tel: 973-353-5109, Fax: 973-353-1965, email: lslater@andromeda.rutgers.edu, and Estella Atekwana, University of Missouri-Rolla, Department Geology & Geophysics, 1870 Miner Circle, 125 Mcnutt Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA, Tel: 573 341 6104, email: atekwana@umr.edu

H19 Observations and Theoretical and Numerical Studies of Land Surface Heterogeneities on Land-Atmosphere Modeling (POSTER)
The improvement of understanding and parameterization of the land surface has advanced the modeling capacity in hydrology, meteorology, climatology, ecology, agronomy, and related environmental fields, in both coupled and uncoupled settings. However, heterogeneities of topography, land cover/use, and other land surface characteristics complicate the ability to represent the important exchanges of energy and water across the land surface in models. To highlight the difficulty and importance of the issues related to incorporating land surface heterogeneities in near-surface land-atmosphere modeling, we propose this session to solicit abstracts of research dealing with observations and theoretical and numerical studies of the effects of spatial heterogeneities on land-atmosphere interactions. Specifically, this session will focus on topics related to (1) analyzing and studying the field measurements of land-surface fluxes, such as sensible heat and latent heat; (2) theoretical and numerical studies of the sensitivity of properties affected by spatial heterogeneities such as aerodynamic resistance and roughness; and (3) exploring the effects of the heterogeneities and scale properties of the land surface on the parameterization in numerical models.
Conveners: Ji Chen, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Dept 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, Tel: 858 534 4157, Fax: 858-534-8561, email: jichen@ecpc3.ucsd.edu, and Edwin Maurer, University of Washington, Seattle, Box 351640 425B ATG Building, Seattle, WA 98195-1640 USA, Tel: 206 685 3793, Fax: 206-543-0308, email: edm@atmos.washington.edu

H20 Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP)
The Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) is a coordinated international activity of the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) to develop in situ, satellite, and model data focused on hydrometeorological processes in the atmosphere and land surface, and to use these data sets to develop improved process understanding and climate models. The observation and data collection phase extends from 1 July 2001 to 31 December 2004, with a special focus on 36 international in situ reference sites. Abstracts are solicited for this session that give an overview of the scientific aspects of the CEOP initiative and its links with climate programs and prediction issues. In particular, we are interested in contributions describing how CEOP data are helping to describe water and energy processes and improving their representation in various atmosphere and land surface hydrometeorological models. This session will be of interest to people concerned with global and regional data sets for model development and land process and monsoon studies.
Conveners: John O Roads, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD 0224 8605 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92039-0224 USA, Tel: 858 534 2099, Fax: : 858-534-8561, email: jroads@ucsd.edu, and Rick Lawford, NOAA, Office of Global Programs Suite 1210 1100 Wayne Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA, Tel: 301-427-2089 X 146, Fax: 301-427-2073, email: Richard.Lawford@noaa.gov

H21 Use of Artificial Intelligence Methods in Geosciences (POSTER)
The development and availability of new "soft" computing methods is revolutionizing data analysis procedures. These new data analysis tools, comprising neural networks and fuzzy logic, genetic programming and algorithms, and most recently, support vector machines, all have one thing in common that sets them apart from classical data analysis methodologies: their lack of a requirement for a priori assumptions about the underlying functional relationships among the data. Another attractive aspect emerging from the theory behind several of these techniques is the optimization of the bias-variance (over fitting versus error minimization) or generalization capability of these methods. The primary theoretical foundation of support vector machines, i.e., statistical learning theory (Vapnik, 1995), has been shown to apply to other soft computing methods as well. This is in spite of the fact that many of these methods were developed independently in different disciplines. These soft computing data analysis methods are inherently interdisciplinary and increasingly applied in the fields of engineering, business, and medical, and genetic research, just to name a few. They are starting to emerge also in the geosciences. There is thus a strong need to assess the utility and potential applications within the geosciences and to overcome the hurdle of unfamiliar (and potentially redundant) vocabulary that may have created a reluctance among scientists to explore the usefulness of such methods in their particular fields of research. This session is concerned with the use of soft computing methods in the geosciences. Contributions are solicited that focus particularly on the soft computing aspects of data analyses and demonstrate how the new technique compares to more classical approaches.
Conveners: Mark Morissey, Oklahoma University, School of Meteorology, Environmental Verification and Analysis Center 3200 Marshall Avenue Suite 110 , Norman, OK 73072 USA, Tel: 405 447 8412, Fax: 405-447-8455, email: mmorriss@ou.edu

H22 Environmental Vadose Zone Hydrology (POSTER)
The vadose zone serves many important environmental roles and is an important link as well as a buffer between the land surface-atmosphere and groundwater. Poster presentations are encouraged on a broad range of topics in environmental vadose zone hydrology including field investigations, laboratory studies, and modeling analyses. Topics may include unsaturated and multiphase flow and transport processes, plant-soil interaction, evaluation and modeling of heterogeneous systems, assessment of prediction uncertainty, biogeochemical and colloidal matter processes, measurement techniques, and monitoring of vadose zone systems.
Conveners: Michael H Young, Desert Research Institute, Division of Hydrologic Sciences 755 East Flamingo Road, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA, Tel: 702 895 0489, Fax: 702-895-0427, email: michael@dri.edu, and Thomas Harter, UC Davis, Department of Land, Air & Water Resources One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8628 USA, Tel: 530 752 2709, Fax: (530) 752-1552, email: thharter@ucdavis.edu

H23 Model Calibration, Parameter Nonuniqueness, and Predictive Uncertainty Associated With Flow and Transport in Variably Saturated Media
Reliance on variably saturated groundwater models by hydrologists to manage the quantity and quality of water resources is increasing. Some applications of variably saturated groundwater models include quantifying infiltration and groundwater recharge in arid and semiarid regions, understanding processes controlling agricultural chemical transport to shallow water tables, and predicting transport of radionuclides from waste storage sites. In these and other variably saturated flow and transport studies, the model conceptualization often includes equivalent porous media, dual porosity/permeable media (such as macropores, preferential, or bypass flow), or fingering (due to heterogeneity, focused depressions, or hysteresis). Whereas the interaction of various subsurface potentials under these model conceptual scenarios can be studied numerically, the success of these models to provide reliable flux estimates depends on adequacy of the model calibration process. A related issue to that of model calibration, and one that is not often reported in the literature, is quantifying the uncertainty associated with predictions made by a model once it is calibrated. Quantification of predictive uncertainty is particularly important because most calibrated model parameter sets are nonunique despite their optimality. The purpose of this session is to review objective approaches for model calibration, identify parameter nonuniqueness, and quantify predictive uncertainty.
Conveners: James A Tindall, USGS, PO Box 25046 MS 413 Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046 USA, Tel: 303 236 5005, Fax: 303.236.5034, email: jtindall@usgs.gov, and Michael J Friedel, USGS, PO Box 25046 MS 415 Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046 USA, Tel: 303.236.4882 x288, Fax: 303.236.4912, email: mfriedel@usgs.gov

H24 Assessing the Impacts of Vegetation on the Water Balance
Vegetation plays a critical role in controlling the partitioning of precipitation between evapotranspiration (ET), runoff, and infiltration. This session will focus on demonstrations of the role of vegetation on the water balance, based on field monitoring results, experimental studies, and modeling analyses. Abstracts on various approaches for monitoring vegetative impacts ranging from remote sensing to ground-based techniques are encouraged. We also encourage abstracts that describe different methods for modeling the impacts of vegetation on the hydrologic cycle at various scales ranging from land surface climate models, watershed models, and unsaturated zone models. Finally, abstracts that quantify the role of vegetation in groundwater recharge, waste containment (ET covers), regional water balance, contaminant remediation, and system response to climate change are particularly encouraged.
Conveners: Bridget R Scanlon, University of Texas at Austin, Pickle Res. Campus, Bldg. 130 10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA, Tel: 512 471 8241, Fax: 512 471 0140, email: bridget.scanlon@beg.utexas.edu, and Michelle A Walvoord, USGS, Denver Fed. Center Box 25046, MS 413, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303 236 4998, Fax: (303) 236-5034, email: walvoord@usgs.gov

H25 Hydrologic Flow Near the Earth's Surface
Over the last 30 years, Jean-Yves Parlange's contributions to hydrologic science have been remarkable in both breadth and depth. From infiltration theory to wetting front instability, and from groundwater flow to surface runoff, his insights, mathematical models, and predictions have provided the fundamental basis to major current areas of hydrologic science. In addition, his generous spirit in sharing research ideas and recognizing the contributions of coworkers is renowned. We encourage abstracts in this session that demonstrate the continuing influence of his work in both unsaturated flow processes (preferential flow, infiltration theory, hysteresis) and free surface flows (unconfined aquifers, runoff and overland flows, and soil erosion).
Conveners: David A DiCarlo, USDA-ARS, National Sedimentation Laboratory 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MI 38655 USA, Tel: 662-281-5705, Fax: 662-232-2915, email: ddicarlo@ars.usda.gov, and D Andrew Barry, University of Edinburgh, Institute for Infrastructure & Environment School of Engineering & Electronics, Crew Building, King''s Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL GBR, Tel: 44 (0)131 6507204, Fax: 44 (0)131 6507276, email: D.A.Barry@ed.ac.uk, and Tammo S Steenhuis, Cornell University, Dept of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA, Tel: 607 255 2489, Fax: 607-255-4080, email: tss1@cornell.edu

H26 Variable Saturation Zones: Landscape Attributes and Sustainability of Watershed Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological Functions
Variable saturation zones are areas of the watershed subject to seasonal inundation by rising water levels. These water saturated zones shrink in the dry season and gradually expand through the wet season, creating a cycle of surface inundation that drives watershed biogeochemical cycling and transport processes. The temporal/spatial dynamic of these saturated zones is fundamental in sustaining certain ecological functions (e.g., maintaining a healthy hydroperiod for natural and constructed wetlands, sustaining fish and wading bird habitat, and providing sediments and saturation excess runoff). We encourage contributions in the hydrology of variable saturation zones that answer key questions like, How do changes in landscape attributes impact the hydroperiod of variable saturation zones? What biogeochemical activities are stimulated in these zones? What ecological functions can be impaired/enhanced by altering their hydroperiod? We expect this interdisciplinary session to blend presentations in soil and surface hydrology, geochemistry, biology, and ecology.
Conveners: Mahmood H Nachabe, University of South Florida, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 4202 E. Fowler Ave, ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA, Tel: (813) 974-5837, Fax: (813) 974-2957, email: nachabe@eng.usf.edu, and Michel C Boufadel, Temple University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA, Tel: 215 204 7871, Fax: (215) 204-6936, email: boufadel@temple.edu

H27 Surface Water Hydrology and Water Resources (POSTER)
The study of surface water hydrology focuses on partitioning of water fluxes and reservoirs at the Earth's surface. Research in this field is generally applied to a range of subjects including water resources management, flood forecasting, geomorphology, ecological interactions, water quality, and atmospheric interactions. Concerns at a range of scales from individual hillslopes to local influences on global teleconnections and from individual thunderstorm events to persistent droughts make spatial and temporal scaling issues in surface water hydrology a lively subject. Similarly, debates on fundamental modeling issues such as calibration, predictability, and model structure seldom want for lack of discussion. The ever-increasing range of methods to measure the movement of water through various reservoirs, including classical hydrometric and more recent tracer methods, provide fuel for the discussions. Unfortunately, there are seldom enough sessions to fully cover such a range of topics at any given meeting, and we encourage submission of abstracts for posters on surface water subjects not covered by other Fall Meeting sessions.
Conveners: Jennifer M Jacobs, University of Florida, Civil and Coastal Engineering 345 Weil Hall , Gainesville, FL 32611-6580 USA, Tel: 352 846 0606, Fax: (352) 392-3394, email: jjaco@ce.ufl.edu, and Charles H Luce, USDA Forest Service, Boise Aquatic Sciences Lab 316 E. Myrtle St, Boise, ID 83702 USA, Tel: 208 373 4382, Fax: 208-373-4391, email: cluce@rmci.net

H28 Observations and Modeling of Land Surface Hydrological Processes
Numerous studies have resulted in observations from field experiments to study the dynamics of land surface behavior; numerical modeling of the evolution of land surface response to solar heating and precipitation; the comparison of simulations to observed quantities from field experiments; and the use of satellite remote sensing data to both drive and validate hydrological models. It is widely believed that the combination of field observations and satellite data with hydrological models through data assimilation or other procedures will produce improved estimates of hydrologic fluxes and energy budgets, soil moisture, runoff, streamflow, surface temperature, and latent, sensible ground heat, and net radiation fluxes. Abstracts on the above topics are encouraged.
Conveners: Venkat Lakshmi, University of South Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia, SC 29208 USA, Tel: 803 777 3552, Fax: 803-777-6684, email: venkat-lakshmi@sc.edu, and Anthony Cahill, Texas A & M, 3136 TAMU Department of Civil Engineering, College Station, TX 77843-3136 USA, Tel: 979-862-3858, Fax: : 979-862-1542, email: tcahill@civilmail.tamu.edu

H29 Hydrologic Predictions in Ungauged Basins: PUB
The important test in understanding of hydrological processes and our capability to model them lies in the prediction of the hydrological response of ungauged basins. Currently, hydrologic predictions in ungauged basins are still highly uncertain. The International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) has recently launched a new 10-year initiative, called the IAHS Decade for Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB), to address this problem. Several meetings and workshops this year have been used to define the science agenda for PUB and the elements such an agenda should contain. The questions being addressed in this session are as follows: (1) What are the problems, and associated uncertainties, in current prediction methods for ungauged basins? (2) How can we estimate and compare the performance of these uncertain methods? (3) How can the prediction in ungauged basins be improved through the use of new data sources such as remote sensing, experimental field research, or the transfer of information from gauged surrogate basins to ungauged basins? (4) What role does basin scale play in the prediction, and prediction uncertainty, of ungauged basins, especially those related to precipitation and runoff? This session solicits research that addresses all aspects of the ungauged prediction problem. It is particularly hoped that contributions address the above listed questions through the discussion of (1) theories and/or frameworks that show potential strengths for reducing the uncertainties across scales and for improving model transferability and scalability; (2) insights from past model intercomparison projects and new scientific frameworks for evaluating the performance of existing hydrological models; (3) illustrations of new data sources and data utilizations such as data assimilation; and (4) case studies in various hydroclimatic zones. The implementation of the PUB Science Plan will be also discussed with respect to these fundamentals questions.
Conveners: Thorsten Wagener, University of Arizona, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Harshbarger Building, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA, Tel: (520) 626 8799, Fax: (520) 626 7770, email: thorsten@sahra.arizona.edu, and John C Schaake, NOAA National Weather Service, Office of Hydrology W23, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA, Fax: (301)713-0963, email: john.schaake@noaa.gov, and Xu Liang, University of California, Civil and Environmental Engineering 537 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710 USA, Tel: (510) 642-2648, Fax: (510) 642-7483, email: liang@ce.berkeley.edu, and Venkat Lakshmi, University of South Carolina, Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia, SC 29208 USA, Tel: (803)-777-3552, Fax: (803)-777-6610, email: vlakshmi@geol.sc.edu, and Daniel Schertzer, LMM, Universite P.& M. Curie, case 162, 4 Place Jussieu , Paris, F-75005 FRA, Tel: +33 1 4427 4963, Fax: +33 1 4427 5259, email: schertze@ccr.jussieu.fr

H30 Ecohydrological and Geochemical Processes at the Hillslope and Watershed Scales
Surface and near-surface ecohydrological and geochemical (biogeochemical or inorganic) processes are intimately coupled at both the hillslope and watershed scales. Such processes can either be physical, biological, or a combination of the two. Because of these coupled systems, interdisciplinary approaches that embrace both the physical and biological aspects of complex environmental problems are sought. Abstracts are solicited on the general topic of terrestrial ecohydrology, but we also seek to highlight measurement and modeling studies investigating the links between ecohydrology and geochemistry at the hillslope or watershed scales. Example topics include the influence of landscape change on runoff, erosion, or succession; links between processes and spatial patterns of soil water content, chemical constituents, or vegetation; ecohydrologic controls on contaminant transport (including degradation) or vice versa; coupled ecohydrologic processes and nutrient cycling; improved assessments of water balance and/or plant water use (including evaporation versus transpiration); and studies on upscaling of ecohydrologic and/or geochemical processes from the hillslope to the watershed scale.
Conveners: Brent D Newman, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Earth & Environmental Sciences Division, MS J495 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel: 505 667 3021, Fax: 505 665 3866, email: bnewman@lanl.gov, and D Scott Mackay, State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Geography, 105 Wilkeson Quad, Buffalo, NY 14261 USA, Tel: 716 645 2722, email: dsmackay@buffalo.edu

H31 Hillslope Hydrologic Processes: New Directions in Monitoring and Modeling
This session will emphasize the physical and biological mechanisms governing the supply and movement of water and solutes through hillslopes. Emphasis will be given to exploring and reconciling the set of experimental observations and modeling approaches to characterize water flux into, through, and out of hillslope systems, spatial patterns of soil water at the hillslope scale, and scaling behavior of soil water stores and flux from pedon to catchment scales. These can include consideration of matric and macropore processes, infiltration and exfiltration, and saturated/unsaturated zone interactions. Abstracts discussing requirements and development of new instrumentation and monitoring strategies to quantify and track flux of water and solutes through hillslopes are solicited, as are abstracts exploring redevelopment of modeling paradigms at the hillslope scale.
Conveners: Lawrence E Band, University of North Carolina, CB#3220 University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA, Tel: 919-962-3921, Fax: 919-962-1537, email: lband@email.unc.edu, and Jeffrey McDonnell, Oregon State University, Dept. of Forest Engineering, Corvallis, OR 97331-5706 USA, Tel: 541-737-8720, Fax: 541-737-4316, email: Jeff.McDonnell@orst.edu, and Markus Weiller, Oregon State University, Dept. of Forest Engineering, Corvallis, OR 97331-5706 USA, Tel: 541-737-8719, Fax: 541-737-4316, email: markus@2hydros.de

H32 Catchment Processes in the Tropics
Much of the potable water in the tropics emanates from managed forest and agricultural lands. The quality, quantity, and timing of water from headwater catchments is strongly influenced by land use, yet land use interactions are poorly understood. Relative anthropogenic impacts may be strongly associated with the spatial and temporal attributes of land uses; however, without understanding the controls on materials transported through and stored in headwaters, it is difficult to develop prudent long-term management plans for larger catchments. Land use activities pose additional environmental concerns in headwaters because they affect the occurrence of floods and sediment hazards. Understanding the linkages among hydrologic, sedimentation, and biogeochemical processes in tropical catchments is necessary for the optimal management of these water supply systems as well as for reducing the impacts caused by flooding, landslides, and debris flows in developing countries. Abstracts related to hydrologic, biogeochemical, and sedimentation processes in tropical catchments are encouraged, with an emphasis on land use interactions.
Conveners: Roy C Sidle, Kyoto University, Geohazards Division, Gokasho, Uji, , Kyoto, 611-0011 JPN, Tel: +81-774-38-4116, Fax: +81-774-38-4118, email: sidle@slope.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp, and Alan Ziegler, National University of Singapore, Department of Geography, 1 Arts Link, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117570 SGP, email: thaihawk@hotmail.com

H33 Linking Lateral Hydrologic and Geomorphic Processes to Space-time Scaling Behavior in the Near-Surface Environment (POSTER)
Space-time variabilities in soils, soil water, chemical constituents, and vegetation have been observed and documented, and their patterns have been quantified using various methods. Although the methods for measurement and data analysis have continued to improve, progress toward developing useful, universal scaling relationships has been limited. A lack of knowledge remains concerning causal relationships between hydrologic/geomorphic/meteorologic processes acting over a range of timescales across interacting land areas and the resulting scaling behaviors of landscape variables, particularly in the near surface. Landscape topography affects and interacts with these physical processes, such that surface topographic attributes are cross correlated with the properties and state variables of interest. In fact, these properties and variables may display scaling behavior similar to certain topographic indices, but our understanding of the mechanisms remains interpretive and uncertain. Topics of interest include processes such as interactive infiltration and runoff-runon over surfaces with microtopography; coupled overland and subsurface variably saturated flow at hillslope scales; hydrologic and geomorphic interactions over watershed areas and soil development timescales; and event to seasonal timescale spatial variability in rainfall-runoff and transport processes over a range of spatial domains. Field experiments, numerical simulations, and their joint methods of investigation are welcome.
Conveners: Timothy Richard Green, USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Research Unit PO Box E, Fort Collins, CO 80525 USA, Tel: 970-490-8335, Fax: : 970-490-8310, email: Tim.Green@ars.usda.gov, and Jorge A Ramirez, Colorado State University, Dept. of Civil Engineering B119 Engineering, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372 USA, Tel: 970-491-7621, Fax: 970-491-7727, email: ramirez@engr.colostate.edu

H34 Use of Remotely Sensed Boundary Conditions in Land Surface Modeling
NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua satellite platforms, USGS’s Landsat, NOAA’s AVHRR and GOES satellite programs, as well as satellites available through private enterprises (e.g., IKONOS) can provide land surface modelers with a wide variety of remote sensing-based information on land use/land cover, fractional vegetation cover and snow cover, leaf area, surface temperature, and surface moisture. Whether using a predictive model with forecasted surface states or part of an operational system using measured state variables, the availability of remotely sensed surface data at high and low temporal and spatial resolutions provide unique capabilities for land-atmosphere flux modeling and monitoring. In particular, major efforts are now under way exploring the utility of integrating remotely sensed surface states using data assimilation techniques in atmospheric and hydrologic models. This session will provide a forum for presenting efforts to merge remotely sensed boundary conditions with land surface models in order to compute spatially distributed fluxes at large scales and potentially improve the reliability of model computations either diagnostically or in a prognostic/predictive mode using data assimilation techniques. We are also soliciting work on integrating remote sensing-based information with large eddy simulation (LES). The LES technique has emerged as a useful tool for exploring impacts of land surface heterogeneity on the atmospheric boundary layer. However, the fluxes have not traditionally been allowed to develop dynamically with surface and overlying air states until recently in the implementation of a framework for merging remotely sensed land surface data into an LES model. A Frontiers in Hydrological Sciences Lecture to be given by Dr. John Albertson on new opportunities in understanding surface-atmosphere coupling using an LES-remote sensing-based framework is being proposed. This lecture should have wide appeal in the Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeosciences, and Hydrology Sections.
Conveners: William P Kustas, USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab 10300 Baltimore Avenue Bldg. 007 BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 USA, Tel: 301-504-8498, Fax: 301-504-8931, email: bkustas@hydrolab.arsusda.gov, and Wade Crow, USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab 10300 Baltimore Avenue Bldg. 007 BARC-West , Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 USA, Tel: 301-504-6847, Fax: 301-504-8931, email: wcrow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov

H35 Early Results From NASA's EOS Aqua Spacecraft Mission
NASA's Aqua satellite was launched on 4 May, 2002, carrying on board six distinct Earth observing instruments: an Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and two Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments, all provided by the United States, plus an Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), provided by the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), and a Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB), provided by the Brazilian Institute for Space Research. All six instruments have returned high-quality data, and scientists from around the world have been analyzing these data for information about the global water cycle and other elements of the Earth's climate system. This Aqua session is an opportunity for scientists who are using the Aqua data to present their results and for AGU attendees to hear and see a variety of what is being done with the Aqua data.
Conveners: Claire L Parkinson, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 971,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-5715, Fax: 301-614-5644, email: Claire.L.Parkinson@nasa.gov, and Steven M Graham, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 900, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-5561, Fax: 301-614-6530, email: steven.m.graham.2@gsfc.nasa.gov

H36 Water Quality of Hydrologic Systems (POSTER)
Water quality is determined by complex interactions of hydrological, geochemical, and biological processes. Poster presentations are encouraged on all aspects of water quality, ranging from field and laboratory studies to modeling approaches. Possible topics include behavior of naturally occurring chemical species or contaminants, geochemical reactions and processes, tracers of water movement or solute transport, and novel techniques of analysis or investigation. Presentations may focus on surface or groundwater systems at any spatial or temporal scale.
Conveners: Elizabeth W Boyer, State University of New York - ESF, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA, Tel: 315 470 4818, Fax: 208-246-2106, email: ewboyer@syr.edu, and Michael Gooseff, Utah State University, Department of Aquatic, Watershed, & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA, Tel: 435 797 1871, Fax: 208-246-2106, email: michael.gooseff@usu.edu

H37 Designing a Network of Hydrologic Observatories (INVITED ONLY)
The Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI), has received funding from the National Science Foundation to develop a design for a network of hydrologic observatories, among other activities. (Further information is available at http://www.cuahsi.org.) The observatories will be much larger (of the order of 10,000 km^2) than traditional experimental watersheds, will be oriented around hypothesis testing as well as characterization, and will be professionally staffed. Routine data will be available to everyone after it is quality assured via an observatory Web site. Such data are expected to include not only traditional measurements such as streamflow and chemistry, but also data such as NEXRAD radar and remotely sensed data such as NVDI. This invited oral presentations-only quarter-day session will cover the recent prototyping exercise conducted on the Neuse River watershed. This exercise provides the first estimates of the financial cost and the scientific benefit of attempting to answer a broad range of questions in the same basin. The session will provide information on an upcoming competition for site assessment grants to be awarded in early 2004.
Conveners: Richard P Hooper, CUAHSI, 2000 Florida Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009 USA, Tel: 202 777 7302, Fax: 202 328-0566, email: rhooper@cuahsi.org, and Kenneth Reckhow, North Carolina State University Campus, NC Water Resource Research Institute Box 7912, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA, Tel: 919-515-2815, email: reckhow@duke.edu

H38 Influence of Hydrologic and Geomorphic Processes on Surface Water Quality
A variety of hydrologic and geomorphic processes influence surface water quality by controlling the transport of waterborne constituents and constraining the rates of biogeochemical processes. Often bulk water quality is of interest in studies of surface water bodies, but the hydrologic and geomorphic processes controlling this water quality can occur at a wide variety of spatial scales up to and including the catchment scale. Example processes include the effect of climate and geology on establishing fluxes at the watershed scale, the role of groundwater residence times in controlling weathering rates, the effect of specific hillslope flow pathways on chemical transformations, controls on water quality expressed by watershed drainage structure, and the role of interactions between stream and subsurface flows in controlling redox conditions and nutrient dynamics. Contributions are sought that utilize observational, experimental, or computational methods to examine the effects of hydrologic and geomorphic processes on water quality at spatial scales ranging from the microscale to the whole-watershed scale.
Conveners: Thomas Meixner, University of California Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences Room 2217 Geology , Riverside, CA 92521 USA, Tel: 909 787 2356, Fax: 909.787.3993, email: tmeixner@mail.ucr.edu, and Aaron I Packman, Northwestern University, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering A314 Technological Institute 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston, IL 60208 USA, Tel: 847.491.9902, Fax: 847.491.4011, email: a-packman@northwestern.edu

H39 Nitrogen Sources and Cycling in Aquatic Systems
Globally, the cycling of nitrogen (N) is changing more rapidly than that of any other element cycle, with significant environmental consequences. We seek presentations for a general session focusing on N sources, hydrologic transport, and biogeochemical transformations at small to large watershed scales. Specific topics include, but are not limited to, pollution of surface waters and groundwater; atmospheric deposition of nitrogenous compounds and its effects; agricultural N transfers; impact on coastal waters; water quality standards; and policy developments. Further, we seek abstracts for a topical subtheme that focuses on in-stream processes, especially denitrification and uptake by primary producers, and their effects on transport to downstream ecosystems. We encourage abstracts such as biotic and abiotic factors controlling N transport; techniques for quantifying in-stream N retention; and modeling N cycling processes from low- to high-order streams.
Conveners: Carol Kendall, US Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd. MS 434, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-4576, Fax: 650-329-5590, email: ckendall@usgs.gov, and Richard B Alexander, US Geological Survey, 413 National Center 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703 648 6869, Fax: 703-648-6693, email: ralex@usgs.gov, and Elizabeth W Boyer, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science & Forestry 1 Forestry Drive , Syracuse, NY 13210 USA, Tel: 315 470 4818, Fax: 208-246-2106, email: ewboyer@syr.edu

H40 Environmental Impacts of Coal-Bed Methane Development
Rising energy prices and demands have led to the rapid expansion of coal-bed methane (CBM) development in many parts of the United States. In the Powder River Basin alone, it is anticipated that 40,000 new CBM wells will be installed in the near future. Associated with each well are roads, pipelines, and compressors. Development has far outpaced research on environmental impacts. Thus there is a paucity of data with which to predict future effects. Extraction of CBM involves the coproduction of coal-bed water. Options for disposition of this water include reinjection into the subsurface, storage in constructed impoundments, discharge to streams, and land application. These options give rise to environmental questions related to hydrology, ecology, biogeochemistry, geomorphology, and climate change. The purpose of this session is to bring together scientists from a variety of fields to examine and discuss environmental issues related to CBM development. Abstracts are solicited on, but not limited to, the following topics: attenuation of surfacewater and groundwater quality, depletion of groundwater resources, habitat changes, introduction of invasive species, erosion, sediment transport, land subsidence, gas migration, air quality, and noise pollution.
Conveners: Richard W Healy, US Geological Survey, MS 413 Box 25046 Denver Federal Center, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303-236-5392, Fax: 303-236-5034, email: rwhealy@usgs.gov, and Richard L Smith, US Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street Rm E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-541-3032, Fax: 303-447-2505, email: rlsmith@usgs.gov

H41 The Effects of Best Management Practices on Water Quality, Runoff Processes, and Sediment Transport
Best management practices (BMPs) are widely used to minimize the impact of human activities on nearby water bodies. BMPs are commonly implemented as part of agricultural, forestry, mining, construction/development activities, and postfire land rehabilitation. BMPs range from large-scale features such as riparian buffers, constructed wetlands, and sediment basins to small-scale features such as drainage ditches, water bars, and culverts. State and federal laws typically require that multiple BMPs be used at a given site, and so it is often difficult to know the effectiveness of an individual BMP. In recent years, however, an increasing number of studies have examined the effectiveness of BMPs in an attempt to provide feedback that can be used to improve BMP practices. In this session we seek contributions from studies that have examined the effectiveness of BMPs in minimizing perturbations to water quality, runoff processes, and sediment transport. We welcome contributions from a range of impacts including agricultural, forestry, mining, and construction activities. Contributions from studies of postfire BMPs and rehabilitation are particularly welcome. We also welcome contributions from studies that have explored how scientific information has informed or can inform BMP policy.
Conveners: Douglas A. Burns, U.S. Geological Survey, 425 Jordan Rd., Troy, NY 12180 USA, Tel: 518-285-5662, Fax: 518-285-5601, email: daburns@usgs.gov, and Brian McGlynn, Montana State University, Dept. of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences 334 Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA, Tel: 406-994-7690, Fax: 406-994-3933, email: bmcglynn@montana.edu

Hydrology also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of Atmospheric Gases
B03 The Relationship Between Biological Productivity and Terrestrial Carbon Storage
B05 Biogeochemistry and Detection of Reduced Sulfur Species in Oxic Environments
B06 The Utilization of Compound Specific Analysis in Biogeochemistry
B07 The Effects of Forest Disturbance on Watershed Processes: Hydrology, Soils, Biota, and Water Chemistry
B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
B10 Molecular Biogeochemical Processes of Terrestrial Environments
B11 Environmental Assessment From the Width, Anatomy, and Chemical Composition of Tree Rings
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B14 Estimating Terrestrial Carbon, Water, and Energy Fluxes From Site to Region
B20 Modeling Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles in Natural and Contaminated Systems: Linking Hydrogeological, Microbiological, and Geochemical Processes
B23 Very High Resolution Land Cover Mapping Applications to Resource Management
B24 Validation and Application of Land Surface Products From the MODIS Sensor
B25 Aqueous Microbial Geochemistry
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions, Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
B18 Ecosystem Interactions With Land-Use Change
B04 An Ecohydrological Perspective on Woody Plant Encroachment in Semiarid Regions
G07 Geocenter: Reference Frame Definition and Influence of Geophysical Fluids
G09 Progress in Imaging and Understanding the Surface Deformation Field Above Reservoirs
G11 Airborne Laser Swath Mapping (ALSM): Technology, Applications and Results
OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Past, Present, and Future
OS08 Geological and Biogeochemical Processes in a Wet Tropical Setting: New Guinea, Source to Sink
B17 Carbon Cycling in Northern Soils and Surface Waters
PP11 Global, Hemispheric and Regional Climate Signals During the Last Millennium
T08 Taking the Measure of Deforming Landscapes
T15 Late Cenozoic Tectonics, Climate, and Topography in the Central and Southern Andes
V13 U-series in Continental Environments: Soils, River, and Ground Waters
AE03 Lightning, Meteorology and Climate
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive, Translator, and Facilitator
C02 Advances in Glacier Geophysics
C05 Snow Cover and Biogeochemical Cycling
C07 CLPX: Cold Lands Processes Field Experiment
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
C06 Monitoring, Measuring, and Modeling Snow Processes (POSTER)
GC01 Reconstructing Hydroclimatic Variability in North America: Progress, Methods, and Uncertainties
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
NG03 Geomorphologic Organization and Its Physical Basis
B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic Composition of the Atmosphere
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of Ecosystem Change
B26 Land Use Impacts on Trace Gas Exchanges: BATREX Contribution to New Global Change Science Agenda
OS02 Changes in the Fresh Water Budget of the Ocean From Decades to Centuries
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North America
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates
C08 Glaciers and Ice Sheets

Ocean Sciences

OS00 General Ocean Sciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Ocean Sciences, including the science, engineering, administration or policy aspects, may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Ocean Sciences sessions. The Ocean Sciences section includes a diverse collection of marine related topics, from a broad range of disciplines including but not limited to biological oceanography, marine geochemistry, marine geology and geophysics and physical oceanography. Areas studied vary from coastal regions to the deep sea, using techniques ranging from remote sensors to autonomous instruments to instrumentation on ships to numerical modeling. These contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and either assigned to an existing session or formed into new sessions based on the content of the abstracts received.
Conveners: Molly O. Baringer, NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA, Tel: 305-361-4345, email: molly.baringer@noaa.gov

OS01 Progress in Tsunami Research and Mitigation
During the decade of 1990-2000, eighty-two tsunamis were reported, including 11 destructive ones that killed 4600 people. Extensive survey data from these events have led to better understanding of the effects of tsunami forces. These data have also been used to improve models of tsunami generation, propagation, and run-up which in turn have led to the development of new technologies to estimate tsunami flooding for coastal areas and to measure tsunamis in the deep ocean, a prerequisite for tsunami forecasting. These technologies have aided mitigation efforts by identifying hazard areas from which evacuation plans can be developed and by applying novel ways to warn coastal residents to evacuate the coast.
Conveners: Eddie N. Bernard, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA, Tel: 2065266800, Fax: 2065264576, email: eddie.n.bernard@noaa.gov, and Costas Synolakis, University of Southern California, 3620 St. Vermont Ave., Room 220, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA, Tel: 2137400613, Fax: 2137441426, email: costas@usc.edu

OS02 Changes in the Fresh Water Budget of the Ocean From Decades to Centuries
The recent analyses of hydrographic data revealed dramatic changes in heat and fresh water content during the past 5 decades through the entire water column in the major ocean basins. Particularly, the volumetric census of the subpolar North Atlantic suggests an average addition of 4 m of fresh water to the water column between the 1960s and 1990s (with up to 6 m in the central region of the Labrador Sea where intense winter convection occurs). Observations and models also show that the fresh water content in the Arctic Ocean has decreased by about 20,000 km^3 during last 50 years. This surplus of fresh water was partially imported to the North Atlantic, serving as a major source of the subpolar freshening. Contrasting with the subpolar regions, the upper water column at the low latitudes became saltier and warmer over the past few decades. Similar patterns of the long-term change are seen in the Indo-Pacific and Southern Oceans. The observed changes of the heat and fresh water content could be caused partially by the redistribution of heat and salt in the ocean alone due to changes in the circulation. However, the similarity in the patterns of the long-term change in different oceans suggests that there was a common cause to the global redistribution of fresh water and also implies the intensification in the hydrological cycle over the recent decades. We encourage abstracts revealing the sources and nature of the changes in the ocean from decades to centuries, looking in the magnitude, prediction, environmental implications, and possible consequences of the changes (including the impacts on sea level and circulation). The session will cover other components of the hydrological cycle (e.g., atmosphere, rivers, ice, etc.) and span from regional studies to global summaries. The session will also provide a forum for comparisons of regional and global models with observations.
Conveners: Igor Yashayaev, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, P.O.Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2 CAN, Tel: (902) 426-9963, Fax: (902) 426-3711, email: yashayaevi@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca, and Andrey Proshutinsky, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS#29, 360 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: 508-289-2796, Fax: 508-457-2181, email: aproshutinsky@whoi.edu, and Bob Dickson, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft Suffolk, NR33 OHT GBR, Tel: (44) 1502-524282, Fax: (44) 1502 513865, email: r.r.dickson@cefas.co.uk, and Raymond W. Schmitt, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS#29, 360 Woods Hole Road,, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: (508) 289-2426, Fax: (508) 457-2181, email: rschmitt@whoi.edu

OS03 Oceanography of the Tropical Atlantic
THIS SESSION HAS BEEN CANCELED.

OS04 Late Pleistocene and Holocene Paleoceanographic Variability Along the Pacific Margin of North America
In recent years, several high-resolution cores have been retrieved from the western margin of North America. These are allowing new insights about climate history to be developed. In particular, about 24 Giant Piston cores were collected in June 2002 during the IMAGES VIII cruise, between Vancouver Island and Panama Basin. They are allowing climatic and oceanographic changes to be deciphered on decadal to millennial timescales over periods ranging from 10,000 to about 200,000 years. Recent research has shown that the accumulation rate of organic matter in the upper-and lower-slope sediments of the western margins of the Americas has changed dramatically on timescales ranging from decades to tens of millennia. In conjunction with records of numerous associated or independent proxies, such observations are important on many levels. They permit links to be drawn between climate variations and ecosystem shifts; they illustrate variability in water mass distribution and structure in the ocean; they contribute to the construction of global-scale climate records and the understanding of the relationships between climate forcing and effects; and they yield insight into the magnitude and direction of exchange of climatically important gases between ocean and atmosphere. We anticipate that abstracts will be submitted to the proposed session that present high-resolution reconstructions of geologically recent changes of the California Current, California Undercurrent, and associated upwelling systems between the Panama Basin and the Gulf of Alaska. The session will deal with specific aspects of the paleoceanography of the eastern Pacific such as denitrification, anoxia, laminated sediments, primary production, upwelling dynmics, and past variability of El Niño.
Conveners: Luc Beaufort, CEREGE/CNRS, Europole de l'Árbois BP 80, Aix-en-Provence, 13545 c04 FRA, Tel: (33) 442 97 15 71, Fax: (33) 442 97 15 95, email: beaufort@cerege.fr, and T. F. Pedersen, University of Victoria, Petch 168 P.O. Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, V8W 306 CAN, Tel: (250) 721-6120, Fax: (250)721-6200, email: tfp@uvic.ca, and Maria-Luisa Machin-Castillo, UNAM, , Mexico, MEX, email: machain@icmyl.unam.mx

OS05 Sedimentation on European Margins
EuroSTRATAFORM is a joint European and North American initiative to explore the fate of sediment particles in shallow deltas, continental shelves, and deeper margin settings. Importance is placed on scaling short-term dynamical processes across longer time and space scales. The project consists of applying concentrated observations of oceanographic events and their impact on sediment transport and accumulation, coring and drilling key locales to calibrate and understand three-dimensional acoustic and seismic structures, and the modeling of these processes and stratigraphy at varied time and space scales. This session will bring together international scientists contributing to the effort and others whose comparative studies complement the initiative.
Conveners: James P. Syvitski, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado 1560 30th Street , Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel: 303-492-7909, Fax: 303-492-3287, email: James.Syvitski@Colorado.edu, and Charles A. Nittrouer, School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, Tel: 206-543-5099, Fax: 206-543-6073, email: nittroue@ocean.washington.edu

OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Past, Present, and Future
The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations are highly correlated and known to have an impact on climate variability from America to Europe through both atmospheric and oceanic processes. There is considerable interest in the paleoclimatic evidence for these oscillations. Despite recent modeling efforts and attempts to reconstruct this phenomenon over the last millennium, we still do not understand its cause or have a firm grip on its periodicity over more than the last century. The purpose of this session is to bring together atmospheric scientists, oceanographers, and paleoceanographers to discuss what is known and where the directions of future research lie regarding this important climate phenomenon. Abstracts on all aspects of the Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, and their past, present, or future guises and ramifications are encouraged.
Conveners: Dennis A. Darby, Old Dominion University, Dept. of Ocean, Earth, & Atmospheric Sciences, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA, Tel: 757-683-4701, Fax: 757-683-5303, email: ddarby@odu.edu, and Lawrence Mysak, Dept. of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2K6 CAN, Tel: 514-398-3768, email: mysak@zephyr.meteo.mcgill.ca

OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas Hydrate From Around the Globe
Methane and related natural gases have been identified in marine, inland sea, and permafrost settings around the globe, both as free gas and within natural gas hydrates. From continental margin settings to the deepest ocean basins, methane is evidenced by the presence of bottom simulating seismic reflectors, velocity anomalies, thermal anomalies, geochemical signatures, and thriving biological communities. This methane system is of direct societal significance, as it plays a role in global climate change and geologic hazards and also represents a potential energy resource. This broadly inclusive AGU session solicits contributions that address the generation, detection, characterization, quantification, and/or implications of natural gas hydrate deposits. Studies of methane hydrate in deep water settings are particularly encouraged. Modeling and laboratory studies aimed at the quantitative interpretation of field observations are also particularly welcomed. The aim of this session is to bring together the many disciplines involved in hydrate studies, thereby providing a meeting focus for the natural gas and gas hydrates research community. This session will be coordinated with the more site-focused one on Gas Hydrates in Accretionary Complexes (convener: A. Trehu). Conveners will be happy to guide relevant contributions to their most appropriate session.
Conveners: Ginger A. Barth, U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd MS 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-5329, Fax: 650-329-5190, email: gbarth@usgs.gov, and David W. Scholl, U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd. Ms 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-4762, Fax: 650-329-5190, email: dscholl@usgs.gov

OS08 Geological and Biogeochemical Processes in a Wet Tropical Setting: New Guinea, Source to Sink
The dominant transfer of particulate and dissolved components on the Earth's surface occurs in wet tropical settings. Among these settings, the islands of the Indo-Pacific Archipelago are very important. Intense research has started in association with the largest island, New Guinea. This session represents an opportunity for international scientists working in both the source areas on land and the sink areas of the ocean to present and integrate their research. This will include studies of hydrology, geomorphology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, and organic/inorganic geochemistry that define the processes extending from fluvial environments to the continental margin.
Conveners: Robert C. Aller, Stony Brook University, Marine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA, Tel: 631-632-8746, Fax: 631-632-8820, email: raller@notes.cc.sunysb.edu, and Charles A. Nittrouer, University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, Tel: 206-543-5099, Fax: 206-543-6073, email: nittroue@ocean.washington.edu

OS09 Gas Hydrates in Accretionary Complexes
The year 2002 was marked by several cruises focused on studying gas hyrates in accretionary complexes, including ODP Leg 204 to Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon. In this session we seek to bring together researchers from a broad range of disciplines to further our understanding of the processes that control formation and dissociation of gas hydrates in this environment. We encourage presentations of new data and of modeling efforts that incorporate constraints from the new data. This session will be coordinated with a related session on the global occurrence of gas hydrates to provide a forum for furthering research on naturally occurring gas hydrates.
Conveners: Anne M. Trehu, Oregon State University, USA, email: trehu@coas.oregonstate.edu, and Joel E. Johnson, Oregon State University, USA, email: jjohnson@coas.oregonstate.edu

OS10 Recent Advances in Understanding Submarine Environments and the Future of Submergence Research and Facilities
The use of occupied submersibles and remotely operated vehicles provides a mechanism by which marine geologists, biologists, and geochemists can perform field work in extreme environments, collect samples, run experiments, and establish observatories on the seafloor and in the water column. This session will highlight recent advances in marine studies as pertains to systems investigated with submergence assets including ridge crest studies, convergent and passive margin studies, and research in the water column. Presentations on upgrades to existing vehicles and projected uses for the future will provide attendees with up-to-date information on the state of the art in submergence vehicles and systems. There will also be an opportunity for scientists to exchange feedback with other users of these vehicles and systems and with facility operators.
Conveners: Patricia Fryer, University of Hawaii, SOEST/Planetary Geosciences 2525 Correa Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, Tel: 808-956-3146, Fax: 808-956-6322, email: pfryer@hawaii.edu, and Daniel Fornari, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Geology & Geophysics Dept. MS #22 , Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: (508) 289-2857, Fax: (508) 457-2187, email: dfornari@whoi.edu

OS11 Identifying Submarine Landslide Time of Failure
Submarine landslides are now recognized as significant mass movement and tsunami hazards. While marine geology techniques for identifying submarine landslides are well established, there remains considerable uncertainty with regard to the time of failure. Given the general absence of submarine landslide detection instruments, the only way to assess the involvement of a submarine landslide in a given natural disaster is to identify the time of failure with reasonable accuracy. We consider a wide range of interdisciplinary techniques that can assist in determining the time of failure. These methods/approaches include: morphological or depositional, biological, geothermal, radioisotope, geotechnical, fluid expulsion, seismic and acoustic, and water wave observation. We attempt to demonstrate the specific roles for different types of sampling, instrumentation, and observation.
Conveners: David R Tappin, British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG GBR, Tel: 44 (0)115 9363449, Fax: 44 (0)115 9363200, email: drta@bgs.ac.uk, and Philip Watts, Applied Fluids Engineering, Inc., Private Mail Box #237 5710 E. 7th Street, Long Beach, CA 90803 USA, Tel: 562-498-9407, Fax: 562-498-9407, email: phil.watts@appliedfluids.com

Ocean Sciences also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
PP13 Rapid Climate Change during the Holocene and Last Glacial
U02 The Contributions of 20 Years of Scientific Ocean Drilling
A15 Ocean/Atmospheric Modeling
A02 Biogenic Reactive Trace Compounds and Their Role in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
A03 Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Critical Estuary Habitats: The Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE)
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of Atmospheric Gases
B05 Biogeochemistry and Detection of Reduced Sulfur Species in Oxic Environments
B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
B12 From Mantle to Microbe: Ridge2000 Research and Progress
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B20 Modeling Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles in Natural and Contaminated Systems: Linking Hydrogeological, Microbiological, and Geochemical Processes
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
B25 Aqueous Microbial Geochemistry
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions, Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
G07 Geocenter: Reference Frame Definition and Influence of Geophysical Fluids
G08 Use of Observations and Models of the Atmosphere and Oceans in Geodesy and Geodynamics
G12 Insights Into the Earthquake Cycle
GP01 Magnetic Interpretation: Continental to Planetary Scales
H20 Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP)
H35 Early Results From NASA's EOS Aqua Spacecraft Mission
H39 Nitrogen Sources and Cycling in Aquatic Systems
PP04 Nature and Causes of Cyclicity in Mesozoic and Paleogene Paleoclimate Records
PP07 Evolution of the Antarctic Climate System: Modeling and Observation
PP09 Effects of Sediment Dynamics on Marine Paleorecords
PP10 The Last Interglacial
A11 Integrating Aerosol Measurements and Models
T10 Structure and Dynamics of Oceanic Upper Mantle
V02 The Growth and Collapse of Hawaiian Volcanoes
V10 Crustal and Mantle Processes in Ophiolites and Ocean Crust Generation
V03 Melting of the Mantle and Formation of Basalt Magmas: Experiments, Field Studies, and Models
V12 The Origins of Hot Spots, LIPS, Seamount Chains and Volcanic Ridges
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C02 Advances in Glacier Geophysics
C04 Ice-Ocean Interactions and the Cryosphere
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
C10 Fracture Processes in Glacier Ice
C11 International Polar Year 2007-2008
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
PA01 Oceanographic Research and Marine Mammals
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic Composition of the Atmosphere
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of Ecosystem Change
PP06 Paleoproductivity, Proxies, and Preservation: Records of Neogene Evolution of the Oceans
A14 A Quarter Century of Satellite Measurements by TOMS
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North America
NG01 Visualization, Analysis, and Distributed Computing in Nonlinear Geosciences
NG04 Fractals, Chaos, and SOC in Natural and Human-Induced Hazards
PP03 Mezosoic Black Shales: Fresh Looks at an Old Problem
ED03 Enhancing K-12 Earth Science Education Through Partnership
ED06 Education and Outreach Efforts of Major Research Facilities and Organizations
ED07 The GLOBE Program: What Has and Has Not Worked Well in the Past and Where Should It Go in the Future?
ED09 Building Strong Geoscience Departments: Examples That Work
ED12 Fixing the Holes in the Leaky Pipeline (POSTER)
ED16 The Benefits and Challenges of Education and Public Outreach Efforts Associated With Scientific Research Programs
ED18 Exploiting the Electronic Media to Communicate Science (POSTER)
ED24 Scholarly Journals in the Digital Age
PP02 Southern Ocean Climatic Evolution: The Marine Geologic Record
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates
C08 Glaciers and Ice Sheets

Planetary Sciences

P00 General Planetary Sciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Planetary Sciences may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Planetary Sciences sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. Planetary Sciences encompasses both basic research into how planets work as well as the planning and implementation of space missions for exploration and discovery. Those interested in characterizing the current properties of the known planets and developing an understanding of the formation and diverse evolution of planetary systems (core, mantle, crust, surface, hydrosphere, atmosphere, exosphere, rings, and satellites) should submit an abstract. The varied manifestation of planetary processes (volcanism, tectonics, impact cratering, geochemical evolution) continues to challenge our formulation of geophysical principles.
Conveners: Martha S. Gilmore, Wesleyan University, Department of Earth and Environmental Science 265 Church Street, Middletown, CT 06459 USA, Tel: 860-685-3129, Fax: 860-685-3651, email: mgilmore@wesleyan.edu

P01 Geological Evidence for Recent Climate Change on Mars
New spacecraft data have revealed both high-resolution and synoptic views of the geology of Mars at a scale at which evidence for recent climate change can be detected, documented, and compared to general circulation and climate models. At the same time, general circulation models of the atmosphere of Mars are maturing so that atmospheric water vapor mobility and longer-term orbital parameter changes can be assessed. In this session, abstracts treating the geological evidence for recent climate change on Mars will be highlighted together with atmosphere and climate models that make predictions as to their geological consequences.
Conveners: James W. Head, Brown University, Dept. of Geological Sciences 324 Brook Street Box 1846 , Providence, RI 02912 USA, Tel: 401-863-2526, Fax: 401-863-3978, email: James_Head_III@brown.edu, and John F. Mustard, Brown University, Dept. of Geological Sciences 324 Brook Street Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912 USA, Tel: 401-863-1264, Fax: 401-863-3978, email: John_Mustard@brown.edu, and Robert Haberle, NASA Ames Research Center, Space Sciences Division MS 245-3 , Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650-604-5491, email: Robert.M.Haberle@nasa.gov

P02 Life in the Martian Regolith, Present and Past
Observational evidence from spacecraft, laboratory studies, and numerical models suggest the possible periodic occurrence of unfrozen water in the Martian regolith. The 10^5 year periodicity of obliquity-driven insolation variations, and possible occurrence of unfrozen water on that time scale raise the question whether under these conditions dormant, or even active life is possible, and if so, where to search for it. This session will address the state and history of unfrozen water in the Martian regolith, the biology of terrestrial extremophiles, survival of bacteria in ancient salt deposits, and permafrost ecology, as well as the alternate question: what kind of fossil signatures of a more abundant life on early Mars could have been preserved, and how should a search for them be conducted?
Conveners: Aaron P. Zent, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94062 USA, Tel: 650-604-5517, Fax: 650-604-6779, email: Aaron.P.Zent@nasa.gov, and Imre Friedmann, Florida State University, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94062 USA, email: ifriedmann@mail.arc.nasa.gov

P03 The Asteroid Impact Hazard: Moving Beyond Spaceguard
This session reviews a decade of progress and highlights current challenges of the asteroid impact hazard. The most important impact hazard, that associated with asteroids 1 km or larger, is currently being addressed by the highly successful Spaceguard Survey; one purpose of this session is to review these survey programs and assess progress toward meeting the Spaceguard Goal of 90% completeness by the end of 2008. We are now looking toward the next step, which could include extending the survey to smaller asteroids. The National Research Council has recommended the construction of a large synoptic survey telescope (LSST) in part to accomplish this goal. One key issue in assessing the value of such an extended survey is the danger from tsunami caused by the impact of subkilometer asteroids. Also under consideration are a variety of technologies that could be used to deflect asteroids on a collision course with Earth. This session examines the rationale for surveying smaller asteroids and the technologies available for this purpose. We also consider the scientific issues for defense mitigation techniques. This is the appropriate moment to asses where we are and plan for the next steps in addressing the impact hazard.
Conveners: David Morrison, NASA Ames, M/S 240-1, Mt View, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650 604 5094, Fax: 650 604 4251, email: david.morrison@nasa.gov, and Alan W Harris, Space Science Institute, 4603 Orange Knoll Ave., La Canada, CA 91011 USA, Tel: 818 790 8291, email: harrisaw@colorado.edu

P04 Faulting and Fault-Related Processes on Planetary Surfaces
Faulting and fault-related deformation, including tilted fault blocks and grabens, folds, strike-slip, and thrust structures, and dilatant fractures, are recognized on many planets and satellites. Faulting is known or suspected to influence processes such as subsidence, surface collapse, and the formation of pit craters, dike injection, movement and accumulation of water and ice, seismicity, heat flow, mineralization, hydrothermal alteration, and magnetization. This session seeks to explore the relationships between faulting and these processes. Abstracts are solicited on analyses and implications of fault systems on solar system bodies.
Conveners: David A. Ferrill, CNWRA, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd., San Antonio, TX 78238-5166 USA, Tel: (210) 522-6082, Fax: (210) 522-5155, email: dferrill@swri.edu, and Richard A. Schultz, University of Nevada, Reno, Mackay School of Mines/172 , Reno, NV 89557-0138 USA, Tel: (775) 784-4318, Fax: (775) 784-1833, email: schultz@mines.unr.edu, and Robert T. Pappalardo, University of Colorado, Boulder, Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences Department & Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Campus Box 392 (Duane, Room D-137), Boulder, CO 80309-0392 USA, Tel: (303) 492-6423, Fax: (801) 382-3986, email: robert.pappalardo@colorado.edu

P05 Latest Results From Mars Odyssey
Mars Odyssey has been collecting science data at Mars since February 2002. Instruments are returning visible and thermal images and measurements of gamma ray and neutron planetary fluxes and are detecting charged particles for human health risk. Abstracts in this session will provide the latest results from this newest Mars observatory.
Conveners: Jeffrey Plaut, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel: 818-393-3799, Fax: 818-354-0966, email: Jeffrey.J.Plaut@jpl.nasa.gov, and David Senske, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel: 818-393-7775, Fax: 818-393-3035, email: dsenske@jpl.nasa.gov

P06 Science Rationale for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter Mission
NASA is developing plans for an ambitious mission to orbit three planet-sized moons of Jupiter—Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa—which may harbor vast oceans beneath their icy surfaces. The mission, called the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO), would orbit each of these moons for extensive investigations of their makeup, their history, and their potential for sustaining life. This session will examine surface and interior processes of the Galilean satellites, the Jupiter environment and the Jovian atmosphere with emphasis on our current state of knowledge, and investigations that should be targeted by JIMO.
Conveners: Ronald Greeley, Arizona State University, Department of Geological Sciences Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 USA, Tel: 480-965-7045, Fax: 480-965-8102, email: greeley@asu.edu, and Torrence Johnson, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel: 818 393 7957, Fax: 818 393 3035, email: Torrence.V.Johnson@jpl.nasa.gov, and David Senske, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel: 818-393-7775, Fax: 818-393-3035, email: dsenske@jpl.nasa.gov, and Colleen Hartman, NASA Headquarters, USA, email: colleen.hartman@hq.nasa.gov, and Curt Neibur, NASA Headquarters, , , USA, email: Curt.Niebur@nasa.gov

P07 The Surface Composition of Mars: An Integrated Picture From Orbital, Telescopic, and in Situ Observations
Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey continue to provide a steady stream of data on the nature of Martian surface materials that complement data from past orbital missions, telescopic observations, in situ analyses, and the Martian meteorites. Only by combining these data sets will it be possible to create an integrated picture of the Martian surface and its history. Because these data sets examine Mars at different spatial scales and with different penetration depths, they provide complementary, but not always apparently consistent, information. The scientific community is now in a good position to integrate the results from these data sets and address the implications of the similarities and differences that exist between them, taking into consideration the differences in the measurements. Abstracts involving research that utilizes multiple data sets from past and present orbital instruments, telescopic observations, in situ analyses, and the Martian meteorites are welcome.
Conveners: Victoria E. Hamilton, University of Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, Tel: 808-956-3152, Fax: 808-956-6322, email: hamilton@higp.hawaii.edu, and Michelle E. Minitti, Arizona State University, Department of Geological Sciences Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 USA, Tel: 480-727-6664, email: michelle.minitti@asu.edu

P08 Applications of Planetary Radars
Radar has become an important tool in the investigation of planetary surfaces and subsurfaces. From early studies of the Earth with airborne and spaceborne radars to the mapping of Venus by Magellan and the planned sounding of Mars by MARSIS and Sharad, radar data have provided a vision complementary to other remote sensing techniques. This session will combine descriptions and definitions of opportunities on upcoming missions (e.g., Jupiter Icy Moon Orbiter (JIMO) and future Mars missions) with results from radar studies of the Earth and other planets.
Conveners: Tom G Farr, Jet Propulsion Lab, MS 300-233, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel: 818-354-9057, Fax: 818-354-9476, email: tom.farr@jpl.nasa.gov, and Jeff J Plaut, Jet Propulsion Lab, MS 183-501, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, Tel: 818 393-3799, Fax: 818 354-0966, email: Jeffrey.J.Plaut@jpl.nasa.gov

Planetary Sciences also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
U03 Recent Infrasound Studies, Phenomena, and Development
A06 Comparative Photochemical Modeling of Earth and Planetary Atmospheres
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B16 Astrobiology as a Unifying Theme for Solar System Exploration
G04 Geodesy of Terrestrial Planets
GP01 Magnetic Interpretation: Continental to Planetary Scales
GP08 Extraterrestrial Paleomagnetism: Role of Impact Related Shock
GP10 Magnetic Petrology and its Applications to Tectonics, Remote Sensing, and the Martian Climate
SA04 Meteors and the Mesopause
SM05 Jovian Magnetospheric Environment Science for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO)
C03 Planetary Permafrost
ED11 Earth and Space Science Materials for Students With Special Needs (POSTER)
ED19 Teacher Professional Development Programs Promoting Authentic Scientific Research in the Classroom

Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology

PP00 General Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. The Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology Focus Group deals with past changes in the earth system, including the atmosphere, oceans and sea ice, cryosphere, and terrestrial biosphere and hydrology, from basin-scale to global, and from the Holocene to early Earth.
Conveners: Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate Change Research 1850 Table Mesa Drive P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA, Tel: 303-497-1723, Fax: 303-497-1348, email: ottobli@ncar.ucar.edu

PP01 Ordovician Climate Evolution
THIS SESSION HAS BEEN CANCELED.

PP02 Southern Ocean Climatic Evolution: The Marine Geologic Record
The last few years have seen several expeditions to the Southern Ocean (here broadly defined as the ocean between the Southern Capes and Antarctica) that are now yielding remarkable results. ODP Legs 177, 178, 181, 182, 188, and 189, the Cape Roberts Project, the Italian-Australian WEGA Cruise 2000, and various Palmer and Polarstern cruises, etc., all provided high-quality sedimentary records of Antarctic cryospheric evolution. We propose to schedule a session (or several sessions, depending on number of submissions) that deals with this evolution as reflected in Southern Ocean and continental-margin sediments, and on million-year to centennial timescales. Abstracts dealing with all aspects of this research, and including all methodologies, such as geochemical, geophysical, paleomagnetic, stable-isotopic, paleontologic, and sedimentologic methods, are welcome. We aim to provide a venue for the exchange of ideas and opinions for researchers engaged in Southern Ocean studies. Abstracts resulting from dissertation or thesis research are particularly welcome.
Conveners: Detlef (Dietz) A. Warnke, Dept. of Geological Sciences,, California State University, Hayward, CA 94542 USA, Tel: 510-885-4716, Fax: 510-885-2526, email: dwarnke@csuhayward.edu, and Gabe Filippelli, Dept. of Geology, Indiana University-Purdue University 723 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5132 USA, email: gfilippe@iupui.edu, and Neville Exon, Geoscience Australia, PO Box 378, Canberra, 2601 AUS, email: Neville.Exon@ga.gov.au

PP03 Mezosoic Black Shales: Fresh Looks at an Old Problem
Mesozoic "black shales" are typically dark in color, usually rich in organic carbon, and often laminated. They represent burial of extraordinary amounts of organic matter in the floors of the world's oceans and seas. These interesting strata dominated marine sedimentation during lengthy parts of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, yet they have had no equivalents for the past 80 million years. Explanations for their formation remain controversial and differ in the importance of elevated marine productivity, high fluxes of continental organic matter, and basin stagnation. This session is intended to showcase advances that have been made in understanding the Cretaceous world and the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic processes that created the black shales. Recent evidence indicates a remarkably warm and wet global climate and important differences in the mode of marine productivity during parts of the Cretaceous. In addition, black shale sequences have recently been recovered from parts of the seafloor that should yield important new insights into how they formed. Novel information of these kinds will be combined with new interpretations of older information in this session.
Conveners: Philip A Meyers, University of Michigan, Department of Geological Sciences 425 East University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063 USA, Tel: 734-764-0597, Fax: 734-763-4690, email: pameyers@umich.edu, and Kenneth G MacLeod, University of Missouri, Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211-1380 USA, Tel: 573-884-3118, Fax: 573-882-5458, email: MacLeodk@missouri.edu

PP04 Nature and Causes of Cyclicity in Mesozoic and Paleogene Paleoclimate Records
This session will serve as a forum for recent results that advance our understanding of periodic changes in Triassic through Eocene climate, with emphasis on the mechanisms by which these changes are translated into marine and terrestrial sedimentary records. These changes include processes that affected carbon burial, ocean chemistry, water mass structure, productivity, sediment and population distributions, and diagenetic alteration. We encourage submissions that elucidate the processes through which relatively small variations in insolation result in comparably large contrasts in geological records. We especially welcome studies that combine data records with numerical and theoretical models, novel data and statistical approaches, and new high-resolution marine and terrestrial records.
Conveners: Karen L. Bice, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Mail Stop #23 Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: 508-289-3320, Fax: 508-457-2187, email: kbice@whoi.edu, and Thomas Wagner, University Bremen - Geosciences, Klagenfurter Strasse, Bremen, 28334 DEU, Tel: +49-421-218-8950, Fax: +49-421-218-7431, email: twagner@uni-bremen.de

PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is manifested in the present climate as a circumglobal atmospheric belt where the Southern and Northern Hemisphere trade winds converge to produce intense moist convection and rainfall. In response to the annual solar cycle the ITCZ undergoes a regular seasonal migration toward the summer hemisphere, but maintains a nearly permanent Northern Hemisphere bias, especially in the Atlantic and eastern-central Pacific Oceans. It interacts closely with the equatorial ocean circulation, notably with the seasonal development of the upwelling cold tongues of the Atlantic and Pacific, and regulates the hydrologic cycle over the terrestrial tropics. It is furthermore linked to hemispheric-scale processes controlling latitudinal temperature gradients and the relative strength of northeast versus southeast trades. For these reasons, long-term variations in ITCZ systematics are of first-order significance for the understanding of tropical paleoclimates. Recent evidence suggests that systematic variations in the mean latitudinal position and intensity of the ITCZ have occurred over glacial-interglacial transitions, Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, Heinrich events, the Holocene climate progression, and possibly over shorter, centennial-to-decadal climate shifts. This session seeks contributions that attempt to reconstruct, characterize, and constrain key elements in past ITCZ behavior over these timescales, including its latitudinal position and range, its intensity of convection and rainfall, and its response to tropical and extratropical forcing mechanisms such as insolation, tropical sea surface temperatures, high-latitude glaciation, deep ocean circulation, and atmospheric greenhouse potential. Proxy-based reconstructions of local, regional, or global scope from land and oceans are welcome, as are modeling studies aiming to elucidate the relative importance of these influences on past ITCZ variability.
Conveners: Athanasios Koutavas, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., E34-209, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Tel: 617-324-6106/845-365-8411, Fax: 617-253-8630, email: koutavas@mit.edu, and Gerald Haug, Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, D-14473 DEU, Tel: +49-(0)331-288 1330, Fax: +49-(0)331-288 1302, email: haug@gfz-potsdam.de

PP06 Paleoproductivity, Proxies, and Preservation: Records of Neogene Evolution of the Oceans
Major changes occurred in the ocean-continent climate system during the Neogene. Antarctic ice sheets expanded, Northern Hemisphere ice developed, sea level fluctuated, surface and deep water masses cooled, intermediate and deep water circulation changed with onset of northern component water flow, equator-pole temperature gradients steepened, the sill depth of the Isthmus of Panama decreased, silica deposition shifted from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, C4 plants expanded, and the Himalayas uplifted. These factors individually and collectively may have stimulated marine productivity, impacting withdrawal of CO^2 from the atmosphere and influencing the rate of Neogene climatic deterioration. Numerous micropaleontological, geochemical, and isotopic proxies have been applied to reconstruct the history of Quaternary paleoproductivity from the deep-sea sedimentary resord. This session will be a forum for evaluating the applicability of these proxies to Neogene paleoproductivity reconstructions given possible effects of water depth, water chemistry, and temperature, as well as diagenesis on the preservation of deep-sea sediments. We encourage contributions dealing with (1) preservation of paleoproductivity proxies in Neogene oceanic sediments and (2) evolution of paleoproductivity in response to Neogene paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes.
Conveners: Liselotte Diester-Haass, Universitaet des Saarlandes, Zentrum fuer Umweltforschung, Am MArkt, Zeile 2, Saarbruecken, 66041 DEU, Tel: +681-30264145, Fax: +6841-171774, email: a.l.haass@t-online.de, and Katharina Billups, College of Marine Studies University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Road, Lewes, DE 19958 USA, Tel: 302 645-4249, email: kbillups@UDEL.edu, and Philip A. Meyers, University of Michigan, Dept. of Geological Sciences, 3514 CC Little Building, 425 East University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063 USA, Tel: 734-764-0597, Fax: 734-763-4690, email: pameyers@umich.edu

PP07 Evolution of the Antarctic Climate System: Modeling and Observation
The aim of this session is to provide a forum for the comparison of modeling results with the observational record of the evolution of the Antarctic climate system (ACS). It will be open to contributions focusing on a range of timescales from the events of the last deglaciation (approximately 21,000 years before present onward) to the long-term evolution of the continent since the inception of continental-scale ice sheets in the Oligocene (approximately 35 million years). We hope to include contributions on all of the major components of the ACS, from both the modeling and observational perspectives. We will therefore aim to include recent results on the evolution of the region's ice sheets and shelves; oceans and sea ice; atmosphere; lithosphere; and marine and terrestrial biosphere. The session will also provide a focus for discussions on the proposed Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) research program on Antarctic Climate Evolution.
Conveners: Antony J Payne, University of Bristol, School of Geographical Sciences University Road , Bristol, BS8 1SS GBR, Tel: +44 117 954 5972, Fax: +44 117 928 7878, email: A.J.Payne@bristol.ac.uk, and Robert M DeConto, University of Massachusetts, Department of Geosciences 233 Morrill Science Center , Amherst, MA 01003 USA, Tel: +1 413 545 3426, Fax: +1 413 545 1200, email: deconto@geo.umass.edu

PP08 Old World Social Responses to Holocene Abrupt Climate Change Events
The 8.2, 5.2, and 4.2 ka BP global climate changes were abrupt, century-scale, and high-magnitude. Each event displaced the developmental course of the agriculture-based societies of Europe and Asia. The high-resolution paleoclimate and archaeological records for these abrupt climate changes and their social responses will be analyzed in Greece and SE Europe, Syro-Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley. The climate events forced a variety of adaptive strategies (collapse, habitat tracking, and agro technology innovation) which refracted societies' evolutionary trajectories.
Conveners: Harvey Weiss, Yale University, , New Haven, CT 06520-8236 USA, Tel: 203-432-4080, email: harvey.weiss@yale.edu, and Richard Meadow, Harvard University, Peabody Museum, Cambrdige, MA 02138 USA, email: meadow@fas.harvard.edu, and Andrew Sheratt, Oxford University, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, OX1 2PH GBR, email: andrew.sherratt@ashmolean-museum.oxford.ac.uk, and Lauren Ristvet, Cambridge University, Department of Archaeology, Cambridge, CB@ 1S GBR, email: lmr26@hermes.cam.ac.uk

PP09 Effects of Sediment Dynamics on Marine Paleorecords
Recent work provides evidence that differential supply and sorting of fine- and coarse-grained sediments in response to climate-driven variations in continental erosion and ocean bottom currents can both affect the interpretation of paleoceanographic records and provide insights into past ocean circulation. Here we solicit abstracts about three related themes: (1) the geochemical and sedimentological expression of past variations in sediment supply and the vigor and trajectory of bottom currents; (2) the influence of differential sediment supply and transport on the relative fluxes of terrestrial and marine-derived material from continental margins; and (3) implications of sediment redistribution on interpretation of sedimentary records. The primary focus of this session is to develop a greater understanding of marine sedimentary processes and their effects on the global carbon cycle and the land-ocean linkages, as well as to evaluate our ability to obtain accurate records about past oceans.
Conveners: Ann Pearson, Harvard University, Hoffman 302, 20 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, Tel: 617-384-8392, Fax: 617-496-4387, email: pearson@eps.harvard.edu, and Timothy I. Eglinton, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI, MS #4 360 Woods Hole Rd. , Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: 508-289-2627, Fax: 508-457-2164, email: teglinton@whoi.edu, and Tom Wagner, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI, MS #4 360 Woods Hole Rd., Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: 508-289-2740, email: twagner@whoi.edu, and Liviu Giosan, Woods Hole Oceanographic Insitution, WHOI, MS #22 360 Woods Hole Rd., Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, Tel: 508-289-2257, email: lgiosan@whoi.edu

PP10 The Last Interglacial
The last interglacial, defined by marine isotope stage 5e, is an interval when at least some of the Earth was warmer than present. The proxy record suggests a substantially warmer climate in the Arctic and high northern latitudes with a rapid and early warming of terrestrial sites and melting of Arctic glaciers. We encourage contributions dealing with proxy evidence of the climate of the last interglacial for all regions of the Earth, as well as the abrupt climate change going into 5e. We equally encourage submissions dealing with theoretical and modeling studies aiming to understand the forcings and feedbacks describing the climate system of the last interglacial and its preceding deglaciation.
Conveners: Gifford H. Miller, University of Colorado, Department of Geological Sciences 2200 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel: 303-492-6962, Fax: 303-492-2606, email: gmiller@colorado.edu, and Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 303-497-1723, Fax: 303-497-1348, email: ottobli@ucar.edu, and Jonathan T. Overpeck, University of Arizona, Institute for the Study of Planet Earth 715 N. Park Ave, 2nd Floor, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA, Tel: 520-622-9065, Fax: 520-792-8795, email: jto@u.arizona.edu

PP11 Global, Hemispheric and Regional Climate Signals During the Last Millennium
Signals from anthropogenic climate change are superposed on a wide spatiotemporal array of natural climate variability. While a significant component of this variability is internally generated by the complex interaction of climate system processes, a nontrivial part is forced and stimulated by external forcings. Signal separation of forced variations and identification of interactions between them and the general modes of climate are crucial for our understanding of the climate system facing a rapid increase in greenhouse gases. This session offers a platform to discuss recent developments in analysis of proxy networks and climate modeling studies focusing on the detection and separation of signals from the important factors responsible for climate variations during the past millennium or so. Particular emphasis is given to the identification of spatiotemporal characteristics from individual and combinations of natural forcing factors. This includes questions regarding modifications of internal modes of climate by external forcing factors across different timescales. Additionally, contributions addressing the importance of significant regional anomalies on hemispheric and global scale climate are welcome. Examples include the different spatial and temporal scales of the so-called "Medieval Warm Period" and Little Ice Age episodes, how they are expressed in proxy and model data, the temporal coherence with spatial forcing fingerprints as well as additivity characteristics of individual forcing components, and identification of previously underestimated factors.
Conveners: Caspar Michael Ammann, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics Division 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80307-3000 USA, Tel: 303-497-1705, Fax: 303-497-1348, email: ammann@ucar.edu, and Philippe Naveau, University of Colorado, Department of Applied Mathematics ECOT 231, Boulder, CO 80309-0526 USA, Tel: 303-492-4152, email: naveau@colorado.edu

PP12 Evolution of Earth's Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect is a measure of how efficiently Earth's atmosphere traps longwave radiation escaping to space. The efficiency of the greenhouse effect is essential to understanding Earth's climate. The strength of the greenhouse effect depends on the amount and distribution of effective greenhouse gases, the temperature of the planet, and clouds. Thus this effect is an excellent way to summarize a number of key climate variables. The magnitude of the present-day greenhouse effect has been determined through a combination of surface and satellite observations. An important question for understanding past climates is how Earth's greenhouse effect has evolved over geologic time. This session will focus on key factors that determine the magnitude and evolution of Earth's greenhouse effect. Abstracts on estimates of levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor for past conditions are solicited. Climate model simulations of the magnitude and evolution of Earth's greenhouse effect are encouraged. Comparison of these past greenhouse effects to projected future effects will also be considered.
Conveners: Jeffrey T. Kiehl, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 303-497-1350, Fax: 303-497-1348, email: jtkon@ucar.edu, and Lisa C. Sloan, University of California Santa Cruz, Department of Earth Sciences 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA, Tel: 831-459-3693, Fax: 831-459-3074, email: lcsloan@emerald.ucsc.edu

PP13 Rapid Climate Change during the Holocene and Last Glacial
During rapid climate changes, components of the climate system switch from one distinct mode to another, often over a period of decades or less. This session will focus on evidence for these transitions during the last glacial period and the Holocene and their possible causes. We solicit contributions that document the spatial and temporal patterns of these events, either in paleoclimate proxy records or instrumental records. Model simulations that investigate thresholds in the climate system or possible feedbacks are also encouraged.
Conveners: Carrie Morrill, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P. O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA, Tel: 303-497-1375, email: morrill@ucar.edu, and John Chiang, University of California - Berkeley, USA, email: jchiang@atmos.berkeley.edu

Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
U02 The Contributions of 20 Years of Scientific Ocean Drilling
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of Atmospheric Gases
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
OS04 Late Pleistocene and Holocene Paleoceanographic Variability Along the Pacific Margin of North America
OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Past, Present, and Future
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas Hydrate From Around the Globe
T15 Late Cenozoic Tectonics, Climate, and Topography in the Central and Southern Andes
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive, Translator, and Facilitator
C02 Advances in Glacier Geophysics
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
GC01 Reconstructing Hydroclimatic Variability in North America: Progress, Methods, and Uncertainties
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
C08 Glaciers and Ice Sheets

Seismology

S00 General Seismology Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Seismology may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Seismology sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. The Seismology Section is concerned with the study of Earth's internal structure and dynamics, and the physical phenomena that cause earthquakes and other sources of vibration in Earth. Seismologists use seismic waves to probe Earth's internal structure, applying fundamentals of wave propagation in complex media. Exciting topics at the forefront of seismological research include the structure and dynamics of the Earth's inner core, the seismic structure of the lithosphere, and the nucleation process of large earthquakes. Seismology attracts considerable public interest and support because of its contributions to society in mitigating earthquake hazards, monitoring nuclear explosions both for military intelligence and arms control, and finding oil.
Conveners: Jeffrey Park, Yale University, Department of Geology and Geophysics PO Box 208109 210 Whitney Ave, New Haven, CT 06520-8109 USA, Tel: 203-432-3172, Fax: 203-432-3134, email: jeffrey.park@yale.edu, and David Wald, U.S. Geological Survey, , Golden, CO 80226 USA, Tel: 303-273-8441, email: wald@usgs.gov

S01 Novel Ways for Analyzing the Seismic Coda
Traditionally, coda waves have been used to estimate the statistical properties of the small-scale heterogeneity of the crust and mantle. Recently, new ways to analyze multiply scattered waves have become available through a cross-fertilization of geophysics, ultrasonics, mathematics, and experimental and theoretical physics. These new techniques include the extraction of the coherent wave from the coda, the partitioning of energy among P and S waves, superresolution in imaging, and monitoring temporal change with coda wave interferometry. This session aims at providing a platform for sharing new methods in the analysis of coda waves and their application to the geosciences. Contributions from other fields are encouraged in order to create a multidisciplinary session.
Conveners: Roel Snieder, Center for Wave Phenomena/Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Str., Golden, CO 80401 USA, Tel: 303.273.3456, Fax: 303.273.3478, email: rsnieder@mines.edu, and Michel Campillo, Universite Joseph Fourier, FRA, email: michel.campillo@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr, and Fehler Michael, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, email: fehler@lanl.gov

S02 The Fate of Seismic Waves: Measurement and Interpretation of Q of the Earth
Seismic Q is a parameter that is important both in our inference of the temperature, composition, and fluid content of the Earth's interior and in the practice of hazard mitigation and seismic source inversion/discrimination. Measurement of depth and lateral variations of seismic Q has been a relatively slowly evolving subject owing to the difficulties caused by effects of the fine-scale velocity structure on seismic amplitudes. Additionally, Q is a function of frequency, and laboratory measurements of it are often conducted at nonseismic frequencies. Abstracts that report seismic and laboratory measurements of Q in the Earth's interior at all depths are welcome, as are numerical/theoretical modelings. The emphasis of the session in on the the current measurement uncertainties and, given these uncertainties, how the measured Q values may be used in basic and applied geophysics.
Conveners: Jiakang Xie, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia Univ., 61 Route 9W , Palisades, NY 10964 USA, Tel: (845)365-8553, Fax: (845)365-8150, email: xie@ldeo.columbia.edu, and Linda Warren, University of California, San Diego, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics 0225 Scripps Institution of Oceanography 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA, Tel: 858-534-8119, Fax: 858-534-5332, email: lwarren@ucsd.edu

S03 Earthquake Hazards of Greater Tokyo: Eighty Years After Kanto
Tokyo and its outlying cities are home to almost one quarter of Japan's 127 million people. In the fall of 1923, the region suffered one of the world's most terrible earthquakes, which destroyed two thirds of Tokyo and all of Yokohama, caused $68 billion in property damage, and killed 143,000 people. Today, the population of greater Tokyo is 6 times larger than it was in 1923. How likely is a repeat of the Kanto earthquake, or are other types and locations of destructive earthquakes more probable today? New seismic reflection, continuous GeoNet GPS, broadband network, historical earthquake relocations, paleoseismic, and stress-triggering investigations encourage a reassessment of the hazards faced by this great city. What makes Tokyo's earthquake threat uniquely challenging is the occurrence of great earthquakes (such as the 1703 M=8.2 and 1923 M=7.9 events) at the junction of two subduction zones, as well as large earthquakes within the subducting slab and in the upper crust. What makes it a rich source of research, however, is the quality of the modern observations and the longevity of its historical seismic and geodetic records. Presentation of all research bearing on earthquake hazards near Tokyo is welcomed.
Conveners: Ross S. Stein, U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650 329 4840, Fax: 650 329 5143, email: rstein@usgs.gov, and Shinji Toda, Active Fault Research Center (AIST), Site C7 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8567 JPN, Tel: 81-29-861-3743, Fax: 81-29-852-3461, email: s-toda@aist.go.jp, and Yoshimitsu Okada, Nat. Research Inst. for Earth Sci. & Disaster Prevention (NIED), Tennnodai 3-1, Tsukuba, 305-0006 JPN, Tel: 81-298-51-1611, Fax: 81-298-51-5658, email: okada@bosai.go.jp

S04 Earthquake Location: Applications and Developments of New Techniques
Earthquake locations traditionally have been estimated from linearized inversion of individual arrival time picks, using layered seismic velocity models. Routine catalogs relied upon single hypocenter locations or, at best, joint hypocenter determination using raw picks. Uncertainty information was limited to estimates based on RMS minimization with ad hoc weighting of arrival time errors. Recent advances in computing power, developments of new, nonlinear techniques, increasing implementation of three-dimensional velocity models, and flexible approaches to station corrections, though, have pushed earthquake location beyond traditional hypocenter estimation. Today, earthquake location may involve cross-correlation time measurements, complex three-dimensional velocity models, determination of high-precision, relative earthquake locations, array processing and semblance techniques, and the definition of multidimensional uncertainty volumes using a variety of functional minimization approaches. In this session we encourage abstracts dealing with application and/or development of new techniques in earthquake location on all scales. We also welcome abstracts on the development of complex, three-dimensional velocity models and adaptive station correction approaches for earthquake location. We strongly encourage abstracts that apply new location methods to provide more reliable routine hypocenter locations, thus increasing the quality of routine earthquake reporting, particularly for nonoptimal network configurations, to improve delineation of seismogenic source volumes, and to provide more robust ground-truth locations.
Conveners: Stephan Husen, Swiss Seismological Service, ETH-Hoenggerberg, Zurich, 8093 CHE, Tel: +41-1-633-2622, Fax: +41-1-633-1065, email: shusen@mines.utah.edu, and Charlotte A. Rowe, Los Alamos National Laboratory, EES-11, M.S. D-408, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel: (505)665-6404, Fax: (505)667-8487, email: char@lanl.gov

S05 Stress Transfer, Triggered Earthquakes, and Time-Dependent Seismic Hazard
Over the past 10 years, it has become clear that very small stress perturbations can trigger earthquakes. Research in the field has progressed to the consideration of how estimated stress changes can be used to assess time-dependent seismic hazard, with techniques for the latter ranging from qualitative identification of areas of enhanced or diminished likelihood of large aftershocks or mainshocks to computing probability changes on major frictional faults subjected to sudden stress changes. From a nonlinear perspective, however, triggered events are a natural outcome of a system's sensitivity to small perturbations, and hence quantification of any relation between stress change and seismic hazard may be very difficult. The aim of this session is to bring together researchers from different perspectives, as well as end users and experts in seismic hazard, to discuss the physics of earthquake triggering and to explore the confidence with which we can estimate time-dependent seismic hazard.
Conveners: Sandy Steacy, University of Ulster, Geophysics Research Group Cromore Road , Coleraine, BT52 1SA IRL, Tel: 44 (0)28 7032 4242, Fax: 44 (0)28 7032 4911, email: s.steacy@ulster.ac.uk, and Joan Gomberg, US Geological Survey, 3876 Central Ave Ste 2, Memphis, TN 38152-3050 USA, Tel: 901-678-4858, email: gomberg@ceri.memphis.edu

S06 New Views of Seismic Hazard in Cascadia
This session will focus into new insights on seismic hazards along the Cascadia margin. We encourage presentations focusing on new results that address hazards posed by large crustal, in-slab, and megathrust earthquakes, and that reveal their interactions. These abstracts might include those describing the detailed distribution of crustal strain as well as those describing silent or "slow" earthquakes along the subduction zone as revealed by continuous GPS measurements and nonvolcanic tremor, studies of the hydrated forearc upper mantle and its implication for dehydration metamorphism of the subducting oceanic slab, studies of the Nisqually earthquake and other large historic intraslab earthquakes, new views of the upper crustal structure in actively deforming fold and thrust belts, studies of seismicity patterns and the state of stress in the underthrust and overriding plates, and studies which provide estimates of coseismic displacements for past (and future) megathrust earthquakes. Likewise we encourage presentations that merge the turbidite and onshore records of past large megathrust earthquakes, summaries of paleoseismic studies of crustal faults, and papers discussing the interactions of these crustal faults with intraslab and megathrust ruptures.
Conveners: Thomas Mark Brocher, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 977 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-4737, Fax: 650-329-5163, email: brocher@usgs.gov, and Andrew J. Calvert, Simon Fraser University, Dept. of Earth Sciences 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 CAN, Tel: 604-291-5511, Fax: 604-291-5511, email: acalvert@sfu.ca

S07 Crustal Seismic Anisotropy as a Measure of Tectonic Deformation
The presence of shear or metamorphic foliations in fault zones and metamorphic terranes can serve as indicators of intracrustal deformation in a manner analogous to lattice preferred orientation of olivine produced by mantle shear. As a result, mapping the lateral and vertical extent of terranes exhibiting seismic anisotropy ("anisotropic terranes") may define the breadth and magnitude of crustal tectonic processes. However, the crust is internally heterogeneous with structures that have a broad range of geometries and orientations. This session will examine the detection, resolution, and quantification of anisotropy within the crust using seismological data from teleseismic Ps converted phases, intracrustal earthquakes, and active sources. Topics include material anisotropy of crustal rocks, deformational processes which create fabrics, scale and regionality of these fabrics, fracture fields associated with deformation, theoretical considerations for propagation in heterogeneous or complex anisotropic earth, examples of observation in diverse types of data, and future targets and experiment designs (using facilities such as PASSCAL or Earthscope).
Conveners: David Okaya, Univ. Southern California, Dept. Earth Sciences USC , Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740 USA, Tel: 1-(213)740-7452, Fax: 1-(213)740-0011, email: okaya@usc.edu, and Nik Christensen, Univ. Wisconsin, Dept. Geological Sciences Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA, Tel: 1-(608)265-4469, Fax: 1-(608)263-0693, email: chris@geology.wisc.edu

S08 Subduction and Lithospheric Deformation in South America
The study of subduction and crustal deformation in South America has been advanced in recent years by the acquisition of new data and the application of new techniques. The interplay between the subducting slab and the South American lithosphere is intriguing not only for its implications in the Andean Cordillera but also for its potential as a modern analog to the western United States. This session aims to synthesize research from a wide variety of disciplines that address subduction related processes and lithospheric deformation in South America. We seek abstracts from a wide variety of fields including geology, geophysics, geodesy, geochemistry, structural geology, and remote sensing. Contributions from new methodologies such as INSAR or new data sets are particularly encouraged.
Conveners: Susan L. Beck, University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences Gould Simpson Building, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA, Tel: 520 621-4827, Fax: 520 621-2672, email: beck@geo.arizona.edu, and James N. Kellogg, University of South Carolina, Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia, SC 29208 USA, Tel: 803 777-4501, Fax: 803 777-9233, email: kellogg@sc.edu, and Lara Wagner, University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences Gould Simpson Building, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA, Fax: 520 621-2672, email: lwagner@geo.arizona.edu

S09 Strong Ground Motion Prediction
Many highly populated urban regions around the world are also located in areas of high seismic potential (e.g., Taiwan, Japan, western United States, and Mexico). The hazard in these regions spans all types of earthquake rupture, including crustal (shallow and buried), interplate (subduction), and intraplate (Benioff) events. Given the high statistical probability of earthquake occurrence in these seismically active regions, it is likely that a major earthquake will occur near one or more of these dense population centers within the next few decades. Minimizing the damaging effects of these future earthquakes will rely heavily on our ability to accurately and reliably estimate the ground shaking expected during these events. A key component of this process is the development and validation of strong ground motion prediction methodologies. This session will cover the following aspects of strong ground motion prediction: (1) characterization of source rupture processes based on earthquake source dynamics, observational evidence and geological information; (2) characterization of subsurface geologic structure and seismic velocity models for the purpose of strong ground motion prediction; (3) validation of prediction methodologies through the modeling of strong ground motions from past earthquakes; and (4) estimation of strong ground motions for various types of scenario earthquakes.
Conveners: Robert Graves, URS Corporation, 566 El Dorado Street, 2nd Floor, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA, Tel: 626-449-7650, Fax: 626-449-3536, email: robert_graves@urscorp.com, and Tomotaka Iwata, DPRI, Kyoto University, JPN, email: iwata@egmdpri01.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp, and Hiroshi Kawase, Kyushu University, JPN, email: kawase@arch.kyushu-u.ac.jp

S10 The Energy Budget of the “Earthquake Machine”
Earthquakes result from the release of elastic strain energy, but to date, there is no consensus on how this energy is consumed during rupture. Energy is required to extend the rupture surface, overcome frictional resistance to fault slip, and radiate seismic waves. Debates concerning the relative magnitudes of these energy components often range over an order of magnitude or more, despite continual improvements in observational capability. Of these four energies, only the radiated energy can be measured directly using seismic data, and even for this component there is considerable measurement uncertainty. For the other three energy components, estimates are unavoidably much less direct, often involving controversial assumptions. Arguably, the least understood of these components is the surface energy associated with extending the rupture, often referred to as the fracture energy. Progress in our understanding of the earthquake energy budget requires multidisciplinary research efforts to resolve these components. We encourage contributions from various fields including laboratory rock mechanics, geological and geochemical investigations of exhumed fault zones, borehole investigations, and seismology.
Conveners: Rachel E. Abercrombie, Department of Earth Sciences, Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 USA, Tel: 617 358 2571, Fax: 617 353 3290, email: rea@bu.edu, and Art McGarr, US Geological Survey, MS 977, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650 329 5645, Fax: 650 329 5163, email: mcgarr@usgs.gov

S11 The African Superswell Province: From Core to Crust
The structure, evolution, and dynamics of southern and eastern Africa continue to be topics of great interest to a broad spectrum of geoscientists. Recent results suggest that deep-seated processes play a key role in the tectonic development of this region of the world. At the same time, rift structures in the East African lithosphere are the standard to which all other rifts are compared. The aim of this session is to investigate interactions between mantle flow and continental lithosphere and their implications for the distribution of strain, uplift, and magmatism across the African Superswell. This session will bring together a wide range of researchers and foster the integrated analysis of complementary data sets required to understand this complex and intriguing region.
Conveners: Cindy Ebinger, Royal Holloway University of London, Department of Geology, Egham, TW20 0EX GBR, Tel: 44 (0) 1784 443890, Fax: 44 (0) 1784 471 780, email: c.ebinger@gl.rhul.ac.uk, and Tanya Furman, Penn State University, Department of Geosciences 403 Deike Building , University Park, PA 16802 USA, Tel: 814-865-5782, Fax: 814-863-7823, email: furman@geosc.psu.edu, and Simon Klemperer, Stanford University, Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences Mitchell Building, Room 353 , Palo Alto, CA 94305-2215 USA, Tel: (650) 723-8214, Fax: (650) 725-7344, email: sklemp@stanford.edu, and G. Randy Keller, University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Geological Sciences 500 W. University , El Paso, TX 79968 USA, Tel: 915-747-5850, Fax: 915-747-5073, email: keller@geo.utep.edu, and Andrew Nyblade, Penn State University, Department of Geosciences 447 Deike Building , University Park, PA 16802 USA, Tel: (814) 863-8341, email: andy@geosc.psu.edu, and Peter Maguire, University of Leicester, Department of Geology , Leicester, LE1 7RH GBR, Tel: 44 (0)116-252-3810, email: pkm@le.ac.uk

S12 Three-Dimensional Computational Waveform Modeling and Applications
This session will focus on the current capabilities and applications of full numerical modeling of elastic and electromagnetic waves in arbitrarily complex three-dimensional media. The recent advances in computing power and in parallel computation have made three-dimensional finite difference and finite element computation accessible to a larger community of modelers addressing seismic and electromagnetic wave propagation on various scales. Areas of interest include parallel computation and model parameterization, including treatment of interfaces, model boundaries, grid design, pseudospectral, and incorporation of intrinsic attenuation.
Conveners: Thomas S Anderson, ERDC-CRREL USACE, 72 Lyme Rd , Hanover, NH 03755 USA, Tel: 603-646-4751, Fax: 603-646-4640, email: thomas.s.anderson@erdc.usace.army.mil, and Vernon F Cormier, University of Connecticut, 354 Mansfield rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA, Tel: 860-486-1391, Fax: 860-486-1383, email: cormier@uconn.edu

S13 Scale-Frequency Phenomena and Earth Structure
Our view of the Earth depends very much upon the frequencies and wavelengths used. The view is also dependent upon the type of wave motion being considered. Which view is correct? Resolving the issues of a single Earth model is the topic of this meeting. How can vertical reflection data be reconciled with wide-angle reflection data? They are different experiments and yield distinct views of the Earth. How can surface wave and body wave data be integrated with laboratory measurements on rock samples and data at other scales? How can velocity models based upon earthquake studies be integrated with higher-frequency measurements made in deep boreholes? All of the problems require an understanding of the basic physical mechanisms that affect wave propagation. A call for abstracts is made on the above topic of relating physical measurements at different frequencies and/or using different experiments or wave types. Abstracts reporting on the theoretical understanding (forward or inverse problems) or experimental observations related to this topic are encouraged. The goal is find the link between the different types of measurements that will lead to a consistent interpretation of the Earth's structure.
Conveners: Evgeni M Chesnokov, Sarkeys Energy Center, University of Oklahoma, 100 E.Boyd Avenue,Rm. 522, Norman, OK 73019 USA, Tel: (405)-325-7985, Fax: (405)325-3180, email: echesnok@ou.edu, and Jerry M Harris, Stanford University, 397 Panama Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA, Tel: (650)-723-0496, Fax: (650)213-9493, email: harris@pangea.Stanford.EDU, and Raymon L Brown, Oklahoma Geological Survey, 100 E. Boyd, Rm N114, Norman, OK 73019 USA, Tel: (405)325-3031, Fax: (405)325-3180, email: raybrown@ou.edu

S14 Earthquake Alerting Systems: From Rapid Hazard Determination to Societal Response
Short-term seismic hazard mitigation is provided by earthquake early warning systems which offer seconds to tens of seconds of warning of pending ground motion. Various approaches to hazard determination have been developed for different earthquake prone regions including Mexico, Japan, Taiwan, and the United States. Effective warning systems also require integrated alerting, response, and educational programs to ensure the warning is received and understood. In this session we will bring together researchers interested in all aspects of earthquake early warning. We encourage abstracts on topics including, but not limited to, earthquake nucleation processes, event detection, ground motion prediction, hazard communication, earthquake engineering, and control engineering. We aim to compare strategies from different regions and broaden interdisciplinary understanding.
Conveners: Richard M Allen, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. Geology and Geophysics 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA, Tel: 608-262-7513, Fax: 608-262-0693, email: rallen@geology.wisc.edu, and Yih-Min Wu, Central Weather Bureau, Taiwan, Seismological Center 64 Kung Yuan Road, Taipei, 100 TWN, Tel: +886-2-2349-1166, Fax: +886-2-2349-1178, email: ym.wu@socmail.cwb.gov.tw

S15 Mechanical Strength of the Continental Lithosphere
How mechanical strength of the continental lithosphere varies with depth is an issue central to a wide range of interdisciplinary topics. For instance, the concept that a weak, ductile lower crust overlies a strong lithospheric mantle has led to diverse ideas such as linking climate changes to posttectonic magmatism, hydration of the mantle during continental breakup, and mechanisms for wholesale uplift of plateaus. Consequently, there are renewed interests in examining the basic tenets of continental rheology, and this session will provide a forum of wide perspective, bringing together latest findings such as intracontinental earthquakes, rheological effects of volatiles and partial melts, and geodynamic modeling of relevant data sets. We welcome abstracts that constrain the mechanical strength of the deep lithosphere under continental landmasses using in situ geophysical observations (such as surface deformation, lithospheric bending, earthquakes and seismic imaging, gravity, and heat flow), experimental rock mechanics, and petrographic and structural studies of naturally deformed rocks. We are particularly interested in comparing results, implications, and inferences drawn from different methods to identify key issues. Our goal is to promote interdisciplinary integration of results that will lead to the next generation of rheological models for the continental lithosphere.
Conveners: Wang-Ping Chen, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1301 W. Green St., 245 NHB Department of Geology, MC-102, Urbana, IL 61801 USA, Tel: 217 333-2744, Fax: 217 244-4996, email: wpchen@uiuc.edu, and Brian Evans, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bldg. 54-718 Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, Tel: 617 253-2856, email: brievans@mit.edu

S16 Seismic Hazards in the Great Basin
With the rapid population growth in areas along the margins of the Great Basin (e.g., Reno-Carson City, Las Vegas, and Wasatch Front), and development of the nation's first repository for nuclear waste, the importance of understanding earthquake hazards and associated risks in the Great Basin has grown substantially in the past decade. The existence of hundreds of active faults distributed throughout the region with recurrence intervals ranging from more than 100,000 thousand years to thousands of years poses significant challenges in terms of their characterization for hazard assessment, but also the societal response to large infrequent earthquakes. The fact that most of the major urban centers in the Great Basin are located in sedimentary basins also requires special attention to characterizing these basins and their site response to strong ground shaking. This session will highlight the multidisciplinary nature of recent seismic hazard studies in the Great Basin as well as related studies in seismotectonics, paleoseismology, structural geology, seismology, and geophysics.
Conveners: Catherine M. Snelson, Geoscience Department, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, MS 4010, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4010 USA, Tel: 702-895-2916, Fax: 702-895-4064, email: csnelson@unlv.edu, and Ivan G. Wong, Seismic Hazards Group, URS Corporation, 500 12th St., Suite 200, Oakland, CA 94607 USA, Tel: 510-874-3014, email: Ivan_Wong@urscorp.com

S17 Theories of Earth's Interior
Seismologists and allied geoscientists attempt to formulate a comprehensive theory of whole-Earth dynamics by linking disparate evidence from seismic tomography, thermal convection calculations, the geoid, mineral physics, mantle petrology, and geochemistry. Throughout his long, illustrious career, Don Anderson has embraced holistic Earth science in innovative and iconoclastic ways. From the geologic back-story of PREM to the importance of seismic anisotropy, his ideas have stimulated the growth of many geophysical pearls. On the occasion of Don Anderson's 70th birthday, this session encourages contributions that offer fresh perspectives on the workings of Earth's interior.
Conveners: Raymond Jeanloz, University of California, Berkeley, 307 McCone Hall Department of Geology , Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: (510)642-2639, Fax: (510)643-9980, email: jeanloz@uclink.berkeley.edu, and Miaki Ishii, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street Dept of Earth and Planetary Science, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, email: ishii@seismology.harvard.edu

S18 The 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake: Observations and Implications
The Denali fault is perhaps the most significant crustal fault in Alaska. It is seismically active, has a record of Holocene offset, and arcs through Alaska, slicing the rugged Alaska Range and bounding the precipitous north face of Mount McKinley, the highest peak in North America. The Mw 7.9 2002 Denali fault earthquake was the largest on-land strike slip earthquake in the United States since 1857. It ruptured three related faults of the Denali fault system, with a total of 340 km of surface rupture. The earthquake began on the Susitna Glacier thrust fault, then ruptured a long stretch of the central Denali fault before jumping to the Totschunda fault. It was preceded by an Mw 6.7 earthquake on the Denali fault, and was followed by an aftershock sequence with the largest aftershock being an Mw 5.8 event 20 minutes after the main shock. This sessions solicits abstracts documenting observations of the earthquake and the faults involved, and discussing the implications of this earthquake for the tectonics of Alaska, and for similar faults elsewhere.
Conveners: Peter J Haeussler, U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508 USA, Tel: +1-907-786-7447, Fax: +1-907-786-7401, email: pheuslr@usgs.gov, and Roger Hansen, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute 903 Koyukuk Drive, P.O. Box 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 USA, Tel: +1-907-474-5533, Fax: +1-907-474-5618, email: roger@giseis.alaska.edu, and Doug Christensen, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute 903 Koyukuk Drive, P.O. Box 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 USA, email: doug@giseis.alaska.edu

Seismology also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
T02 Seismotectonics of the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area
U03 Recent Infrasound Studies, Phenomena, and Development
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental, and Observational Constraints
G03 High-Rate GPS: Infrastructure and Applications
G05 Before PBO: What Do We Know?
G12 Insights Into the Earthquake Cycle
T03 Earthquake Geology and Hazards of East Asia
T07 Analysis of Plate Boundary Deformation Using Stress and Strain Rate Data in Tandem
T10 Structure and Dynamics of Oceanic Upper Mantle
T11 At the Seismogenic Front: Dynamic Processes at Convergent Margins
T12 Ground and Space Methods for Monitoring EM Preearthquake Phenomena
T05 Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Processes and Progress
T13 Drilling at the Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O)
V11 Rift Zones on Volcanic Islands: Structure, Evolution, and Magmatic Processes
NG05 Space-Time Pattern Discovery and Forecasting in Complex Fault Networks
NG06 From Microscale to Macroscale: Models for Material Damage Mechanics and Earth System Dynamics, and Their Relation to Seismicity and Earthquakes
NG07 Critical Point Theory of Earthquake Precursors
T04 Causes and Consequences of Lateral Heterogeneity in the Earth's Mantle
T14 New Views of the Structure and Composition of the Deep Earth

SPA-Aeronomy

SA00 General SPA-Aeronomy Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to SPA-Aeronomy may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized SPA-Aeronomy sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
Conveners: Stanley C. Solomon, National Center for Atmospheric Research, High Altitude Observatory 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301 USA, Tel: 303-497-2179, Fax: 303-497-1589, email: stans@ucar.edu

SA01 Energy and Momentum Balance in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: Results From the TIMED Mission
The Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite and its ground-based partners have been performing measurements of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere since January 2002, including the density, temperature, winds, and composition of this region, as well as simultaneous measurements of solar and auroral energy inputs and atmospheric cooling rates. These data enable full characterization of the MLT basic structure and its temporal and spatial variability in response to changing energy inputs. This session presents scientific results from the TIMED mission, including measurement validation and collaborative studies with other satellite and ground-based data sets. Studies that address the energy balance between solar/auroral inputs and atmospheric heating and cooling rates, and modeling and measurement of dynamical effects, are particularly solicited.
Conveners: Sam Yee, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA, Tel: (301)953-6206, Fax: (301)953-6670, email: sam.yee@jhuapl.edu, and Jeffrey Forbes, University of Colorado, USA, email: forbes@zeke.colorado.edu, and Martin G. Mlynczak, NASA Langley Research Center, USA, email: m.g.mlynczak@larc.nasa.gov, and Geoff Crowley, SouthWest Research Institute, USA, email: crowley@picard.space.swri.edu

SA02 Phenomena of the Summer Mesosphere
The extratropical summer mesosphere is a complex atmospheric region, with exotic phenomena (polar mesospheric clouds/noctilucent clouds, polar mesospheric summertime echoes) and extreme temperatures (the coldest of the planet), and is possibly a harbinger of global change. This session encourages abstracts on observations (lidar, radar, satellite) and modeling of mesospheric ice layers and their thermal, chemical, dynamical, and electrical environment. Long-term trend studies are also welcome. The session is dedicated to the memory of Michael Gadsden, who contributed so much to the field.
Conveners: Jeff Thayer, SRI International, Center for Geospace Studies 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-859-3557, Fax: 650-322-2318, email: thayer@sri.com, and Gary Thomas, University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics 1234 Innovation Drive UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel: 303-492-7022, Fax: 303-492-6946, email: gary.thomas@lasp.colorado.edu

SA03 Observations and Modeling of Small-Scale Processes in the High-Latitude E Region
This session will examine modification of Earth's high-latitude E region by processes occurring over small spatial scales, especially those associated with the aurora. There is mounting evidence that processes occurring in the lower thermosphere over spatial scales much smaller than a typical general circulation model's grid size can nevertheless have large-scale consequences. Examples of such processes include Joule heating, gravity waves, and vertical wind events. We encourage contributions describing both observational and modeling studies. The session is partly motivated by the recent launches of the HEX and JOULE sounding rocket missions from Poker Flat, Alaska, in March 2003. These missions returned high-resolution measurements of vertical winds and Joule heating.
Conveners: Mark Conde, University of Alaska, Geophysical Institute 903 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA, Tel: +1-907-474-7347, Fax: +1-907-474-7290, email: Mark.Conde@gi.alaska.edu, and Miguel Larsen, Clemson University, Department of Physics Clemson University , Clemson, SC 29634 USA, Tel: +1.864.656.5309, Fax: +1.864.656.0805, email: mlarsen@clemson.edu

SA04 Meteors and the Mesopause
An incessant but variable influx of meteors impinges on the atmosphere. Most of these are in the form of microscopic particles that disintegrate in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Their constituents are the basis for the now well-known, though poorly understood metal, layer that envelopes the mesopause. The purpose of this session is to investigate the present state of knowledge of the atmospheric meteor metal layer. This includes the seasonal variability of meteor input and its possible influences on layer structure, including the meteor ablation process; how meteoric materials affect the chemistry of the MLT; and what effects, if any, the meteor consituents themselves have on the climate of the MLT.
Conveners: Jonathan Friedman, NAIC, Arecibo Observatory HC-03 Box 53995, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA, email: jonathan@naic.edu, and Diego Janches, Penn State University and NAIC, Arecibo Observatory HC-03 Box 53995, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA, Tel: (787) 878-2612, Fax: (787) 878-1861, email: djanches@naic.edu

SPA-Aeronomy also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
A01 Chemistry and Dynamics of the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere
A06 Comparative Photochemical Modeling of Earth and Planetary Atmospheres
A07 Contributions to Middle Atmosphere Science by Solar Occultation Instrumentation
A09 Tropical Cirrus Anvils: Properties and Processes
SH04 Space Science Research With Societal Consequences
SH05 Abundance Variations in the Solar Corona, Solar Wind, and Solar Energetic Particles
SM01 Is a New Lexicon Required for High-Latitude Field-Aligned Current Systems?
SM03 The Electrodynamics of the Cusp and the Open/Closed Field Line Boundary Region, and the Cusp Ionosphere
SM04 Sun-to-Earth Elements and Linkages That Drive Geoeffectiveness
SM05 Jovian Magnetospheric Environment Science for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO)
SM06 Sun-Earth Connections: Linked Models
SM08 Exploring the Digital Geospace: Modern Methods of Spatial Data Analysis
T12 Ground and Space Methods for Monitoring EM Preearthquake Phenomena
AE04 Electrical Effects of Thunderstorms on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate

SPA-Solar and Heliospheric Physics

SH00 General SPA-Solar and Heliospheric Physics Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to SPA-Solar and Heliospheric Physics may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized SPA-Solar and Heliospheric Physics sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
Conveners: Gary P. Zank, University of California, Institute of Geophysical Planetary Physics Department, Riverside, CA 92521 USA, Tel: 909-787-3436, Fax: 909-787-4324, email: zank@ucrac1.ucr.edu

SH01 Total Solar Irradiance Monitoring: Results and Strategies
Total solar irradiance (TSI) observations spanning 25 years will have occurred by the AGU's Fall 2003 meeting. The methods of relating the series of satellite TSI monitoring experiments' results is the subject of intense interest and debate among solar physicists and climatologists because of an apparent luminosity trend during solar cycles 21-23 and its implications for solar variability and climate forcing. The traceability of the various TSI experiments to each other and the composite TSI are at the forefront of present research. The observational strategies and analytical methods required to sustain the TSI database into the future are of crucial importance to this research and very much the subject of current debate. Abstacts are solicited on these topics in order to continue the active exchange of ideas begun during previous AGU fall meetings.
Conveners: Richard Clayton Willson, Columbia University, 1001 B Ave. Ste 200, Coronado, CA 92118 USA, Tel: 619-522-2945, email: rwillson@acrim.com

SH02 The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) and Related Remote-Sensing Heliospheric Observations
The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) was launched into a Sun-synchronous 830 km orbit on the Coriolis Mission spacecraft on 6 January, 2003 and began returning images on 1 February. SMEI, designed to measure heliospheric Thomson scattering brightness over the whole sky, is a joint effort between UCSD, the University of Birmingham (UK), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and Boston College, with funding from the AF, NASA, and the University of Birmingham. The SMEI data are being refined to provide photometric-quality all-sky maps of heliospheric brightness. For the purpose of providing input for space weather forecasting, these data will be made available to the scientific community and the public in near real time. Early quick-look, subtraction sky maps from SMEI's cameras demonstrate that SMEI can detect CMEs and image their structure as they move outward from the Sun to elongations previously viewed only crudely from the Helios spacecraft photometers. The SMEI team will present its most recent SMEI results. We solicit related contributed abstracts from the community on present and future remote-sensing heliospheric observations.
Conveners: Bernard Vernon Jackson, CASS/UCSD-0424, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0424 USA, Tel: (858) 534-3358, Fax: (858) 534-0177, email: bvjackson@ucsd.edu, and David F. Webb, Boston College, AFRL/VSBS 29 Randolph Rd. , Hanscom AFB, MA 01731-3010 USA, Tel: (781) 377-3086, Fax: (781) 377-3160, email: webb@plh.af.mil, and George M. Simnett, The University of Birmingham, Astrophysics and Space Research Group Watson Building School of Physics and Astronomy The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT GBR, Tel: 44 121 414 6469, Fax: 44 121 414 3722, email: gms@star.sr.bham.ac.uk

SH03 The Termination Shock, Heliosheath, and Heliopause
Observations from spacecraft in the distant heliosphere are revealing new and puzzling phenomena. Some, or all, of these are probably associated with the proximity of the spacecraft to the solar wind termination shock, heliosheath, or heliopause. We encourage contributed abstracts dealing with the above mentioned topics.
Conveners: Joe Giacalone, University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA, Tel: (520) 621-4396, Fax: (520) 626-8250, email: giacalon@lpl.arizona.edu, and J. R. (Randy) Jokipii, University of Arizona, Department of Planetary Sciences, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA, Tel: (520) 621-4256, Fax: (520) 626-8250, email: jokipii@lpl.arizona.edu

SH04 Space Science Research With Societal Consequences
Emerging technologies are more sensitive to conditions in the space environment than ever before. These technical systems will increasingly depend on basic space science research to effectively mitigate against potential hazards in the space environment. This session will focus on recent theoretical, numerical, and observational studies that enhance our understanding of the connected Sun-Earth system with an emphasis on those results that will directly improve the ability to specify and forecast conditions in space. Topics include predicting solar flares and energetic particle events, characterizing of geomagnetic storms and the radiation belts, and determining ionospheric and thermospheric structure and variability.
Conveners: David Gary Sibeck, NASA/HQ, Code S, Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel: 1-202-358-0727, Fax: 1-202-358-3987, email: dsibeck@hq.nasa.gov, and Robert Robinson, NSF, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22230 USA, Tel: 1-703-292-8529, Fax: 1-703-292-9022, email: rmrobins@nsf.gov, and Vic Pizzo, NOAA, 325 Broadway , Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 1-303-497-6608, Fax: 1-303-497-3645, email: vpizzo@sec.noaa.gov

SH05 Abundance Variations in the Solar Corona, Solar Wind, and Solar Energetic Particles
The Sun contains the bulk of solar system material, and spacecraft can directly sample this material with optical observations of the corona and in situ measurements of solar energetic particles and the solar wind. Understanding the variability of the elemental, isotopic, and charge-state composition of the corona, solar wind, and solar energetic particles is crucial for determining how these samples originate from the Sun's reservoir of largely unfractionated material, the outer convective zone. High-resolution measurements of the composition of coronal, solar wind, and energetic particles are increasingly highlighting their variability. The abstracts in this session will not only focus on our increased capabilities to observe and characterize these variations with the instrumentation on spacecraft such as Ulysses, Wind, SOHO, ACE, and RHESSI, but will also present theoretical interpretations and consequences of this variability.
Conveners: Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, IEAP, University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 11, Kiel, 24118 DEU, Tel: + 49 431 880 3964, Fax: + 49 431 880 3968, email: wimmer@physik.uni-kiel.de, and Joseph Mazur, The Aerospace Corporation, M2/259 2350 El Segundo Blvd., El Segundo, CA 90245-4691 USA, Tel: 310-336-2389, Fax: 310-563-3165, email: joseph.mazur@aero.org, and Rick Leske, California Institute of Technology, M/C 220-47, Downs Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA, Tel: 626-395-8400, Fax: 626-449-8676, email: ral@citsrl.srl.caltech.edu, and John Raymond, Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., MS 15, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, Tel: 617-495-7416, Fax: 617-495-7049, email: jraymond@cfa.harvard.edu

SH06 Physics of Eruptions in the Low Solar Atmosphere
Modern instruments (TRACE, RHESSI, MK4, SOHO, Yohkoh, BBSO, MICA) are providing better observations of solar eruptions on or near the disk. As new details are revealed, theorists are challenged to provide quantitative explanations of the observed structures and their evolution. Phenomena of interest include preeruption structures (loops, filaments, active regions), initiation and acceleration of CMEs in the near-Sun regime (1.0-6 R_Sun), and other observational signatures of solar eruptive events. The purpose of this session is to see what conclusions can be drawn from these new data. For example, do the new data test or constrain previous theoretical ideas about flares and CMEs? Do studies of the data suggest new avenues of theoretical investigation? We solicit contributions that present new observational results, new theoretical ideas and predictions, or quantitative theoretical modeling of the data.
Conveners: Jonathan Krall, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6794 4555 Overlook Ave, SW, Washington, DC 20375-5346 USA, Tel: 202 404 7719, Fax: 202 767 0631, email: krall@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil, and Gareth R. Lawrence, NASA Goddard SFC, MC 682 3 Bldg 26/Rm 001 , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301) 286 2941, Fax: (301) 286 0264, email: grl@kreutz.nascom.nasa.gov, and Peter Gallagher, NASA GSFC, Lab Astronomy & Solar Physics Code 682, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301) 309 1274, Fax: (301) 286 1617, email: peter.t.gallagher@gsfc.nasa.gov

SH07 Roles of Electromagnetic Waves in Reconnecting Space and Laboratory Plasmas
Magnetic reconnection is one of the long-outstanding physics phenomena, which plays important roles in dynamics of both space and laboratory plasmas. The physics mechanisms behind the observed fast reconnection have been a subject of extensive research over the past several decades. Recently, there has been growing interest in instabilities of the reconnecting current sheet. At the same time, both electrostatic and electromagnetic waves have been successfully detected in laboratory plasmas and space plasmas during the process of fast reconnection. Therefore it is timely to host a session on this topic at the AGU Fall Meeting. Objectives of the proposed session are to provide a focused platform for scientific exchange among scientists from both space and laboratory communities. Theories and numerical simulations will play an important role in bridging two communities together by provide a unifying physics understanding. We expect an enthusiastic response to the call of this session.
Conveners: Hantao Ji, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, PO Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543-0451 USA, Tel: 609-243-2162, Fax: 609-243-2160, email: hji@pppl.gov, and William Daughton, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel: 505-665-4111, email: daughton@lanl.gov, and Giovanni Lapenta, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS K717, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel: 505-667-4394, email: lapenta@lanl.gov, and Tony Lui, Applied Physics Laboratory, John Hopkins, USA, email: Tony.Lui@jhuapl.edu

SH08 Coronal Magnetic Fields: From Models to Measurements
Recent progress in physical modeling of the corona and in measuring coronal magnetic fields have created the potential for major breakthroughs in solar physics. New measurements of coronal magnetic fields will first be reviewed. Predictions of the coronal magnetic field from numerical models will then be examined. Furthermore, constraints on the coronal magnetic field from heliospheric observations will be discussed. The purpose of this session is to combine these inputs and to discuss requirements for future routine measurements of the solar corona and its magnetic field.
Conveners: Thomas H Zurbuchen, University of Michigan, Department of AO&SS Space Research Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Tel: 734-647-6835, email: thomasz@umich.edu, and Joan Burkpile, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, USA, email: iguana@hao.ucar.edu, and Roberto Casini, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, USA, email: casini@ucar.edu, and George Fisher, University of California Berkeley, USA, email: fisher@ssl.berkeley.edu, and Jeff Kuhn, University of Hawaii, USA, email: kuhn@ifa.hawaii.edu

SH09 The Sun's Spectrum and Life on Earth
Earth receives its primary energy from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation that spans a wide range of wavelengths, from the ultraviolet to the infrared. The atmosphere, surface, and oceans transmit, absorb, reflect, and scatter this radiation in different ways depending on wavelength. Changes in the Sun's radiation spectrum, whose integral defines the total solar irradiance, are potential causes of climate and global change via radiative and dynamical processes that may include direct surface heating, altered circulation patterns and cloud formation, modulation of ozone, and the North Atlantic Oscillation. As a result, understanding and modeling a multitude of terrestrial processes and their temporal variations depend upon reliable knowledge of the Sun's spectrum and its variability. A new generation of instrumentation that includes, for the first time, the capability to measure the entire solar spectral irradiance simultaneously with total irradiance, was launched recently on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE). NPOESS will continue operational measurements of TSI including the new spectral capability, but not before 2012. One aim of this session is to convey the new solar spectrum and variability results emerging from SORCE, in the context of lessons learned from past and ongoing solar monitoring and future needs. Equally important, the session aims to bring together research from a wide variety of disciplines, which require precise solar spectrum measurements. This session is dedicated to the memory of Mikhail I. Budyko, author of "Climate and Life" and many other works, who died recently at age 81, in St Petersburg, Russia, where he directed the Division for Climate Change Research at the State Hydrological Institute.
Conveners: Gary Rottman, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Campus Box 590, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel: 303 492 8324, Fax: 303 492 6444, email: gary.rottman@lasp.colorado.edu, and Robert Cahalan, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/913, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301 614 5390, Fax: 301 614 5493, email: Robert.F.Cahalan@nasa.gov, and Judith Lean, Naval Research Laboratory, MC 7673L, , Washington, DC 20375 USA, Tel: 202 767 5116, Fax: 202 404 7997, email: jlean@ssd5.nrl.navy.mil

SH10 Radio Remote-Sensing of the Corona and Heliosphere
The seven to eight decades of the radio window (300 GHz to 3 kHz) essentially correspond to the plasma frequencies starting from the solar chromosphere to the far reaches of the interplanetary medium. Only at these wavelengths does the "photosphere" extend into the heliosphere. Thus, radio remote sensing is a unique way of probing the heliosphere as well as the disturbances propagating through it. Radio waves produced by shocks and electron beams during solar eruptions can be tracked throughout the Sun-Earth connected space providing physical information on the disturbances and the interplanetary space. Free-free emission from prominences in the microwave frequencies allow us to track them to several solar radii from the Sun. The interplanetary density inhomogeneities scatter radio waves from natural and man-made radio sources and the scattered radiation provides valuable information on the turbulence spectrum of the interplanetary medium. The radio technique, perfected over half a century, continues to be a unique way of probing those regions of space where in situ observations can be made only in the distant future. This special session attempts to bring together observers and theorists to evaluate the current status of the field. Papers that discuss radio investigations of the coronal/interplanetary medium and the disturbances propagating through it are requested.
Conveners: N. Gopalswamy, NASA, Code 695.0 Bldg 21 Room 260 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001 USA, Tel: 301-286-5885, Fax: 301-286-1433, email: gopals@fugee.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Hugh Hudson, UC Berkeley, Space Sciences Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450 USA, Tel: 510-643-0333, Fax: 510-643-8302, email: hhudson@ssl.berkeley.edu

SPA-Solar and Heliospheric Physics also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
SM04 Sun-to-Earth Elements and Linkages That Drive Geoeffectiveness
SM06 Sun-Earth Connections: Linked Models
SM08 Exploring the Digital Geospace: Modern Methods of Spatial Data Analysis

SPA-Magnetospheric Physics

SM00 General SPA-Magnetospheric Physics Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to SPA-Magnetospheric Physics may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized SPA-Magnetospheric Physics sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
Conveners: Robert Strangeway, UCLA IGPP, 2712 Geology Bldg. 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA, Tel: 310-206-6247, Fax: 310-206-3051, email: strange@igpp.ucla.edu

SM01 Is a New Lexicon Required for High-Latitude Field-Aligned Current Systems?
Ever since the pioneering work on field-aligned currents (FAC) by Iijima and Potemra in the mid-1970s, the terms Region 1 (R1) and Region 2 (R2) have been in common use to describe the basic configuration of the FAC systems linking the inner and outer magnetosphere with the polar ionosphere. Later on, the terms Region 0 (R0) and NBZ were added to the lexicon describing other features that had been observed by satellites or reconstructed from ground-based data. These terms have been sufficient in describing various components of the global, three-dimensional FAC system, as seen in single-satellite passes through one MLT sector. Works that are more recent have used magnetic field measurements made by multiple satellite passes for deriving global (but mainly polar) maps of the upward and downward current patterns as a function of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength and direction. These maps show a more complex structure and evolution in the FAC systems as the IMF vector rotates. Although the basic R1/R2 and R0/NBZ patterns that were observed before can be still seen, their definitions now appear to be more ambiguous. For example, what might be considered as a R1 current footprint often wraps around, through noon or midnight, connecting with either R2 or R0 currents, without any obvious boundary line. Furthermore, the R0 currents can be seen to evolve into the NBZ system, again without an obvious dividing line. Thus the space physics community is now challenged by the question of if the old terminology is still adequate, or if new definitions and lexicon are required in describing the morphology and evolution of various high-latitude field-aligned current systems. Abstracts addressing this topic are encouraged.
Conveners: Daniel Weimer, Mission Research Corporation, 589 West Hollis Street, Suite 201 , Nashua, NH 03062-1323 USA, Tel: 603-886-8860 x211, Fax: 603-886-8861, email: dweimer@mrcnh.com, and Vladimir Papitashvili, Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward Street , Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel: 703-292-7417, Fax: 703-292-9079, email: papita@umich.edu

SM02 Dynamic Aurora: The Role of Alfvén Waves in I-M Coupling
Study of large-scale inverted V potential structures in auroral physics has produced a mature understanding of their development and role in I-M coupling. On the other hand, an appreciation for the development of Alfvén-dominated aurora, their large associated energy fluxes into the ITM system, and their role in I-M coupling has only recently emerged, based on new in situ observations conducted with state-of-the-art particle and field sensors. Alfvén-dominated auroras can carry relatively large kinetic and electromagnetic energy flux into the ITM system, yet they seem to be highly localized and dynamic. Some Alfvén-dominated aurora may be connected to magnetospheric reconnection sites and are associated with ion outflow. Most recently, several studies have combined simultaneous in situ and optical techniques to associate optical auroral forms with their particle and field signatures. This session will focus on the current state of knowledge of Alfvén waves in auroral physics and I-M coupling. Abstracts that focus on either observations (in situ and remote) or modeling of auroral Alfvén waves and their role in energy transfer, particle acceleration, and I-M coupling are solicited.
Conveners: Jim Spann, NASA/MSFC, , Huntsville, AL 35812 USA, Tel: (256) 961-7512, email: jim.spann@nasa.gov, and Craig Pollock, SwRI, , San Antonio, TX 78228 USA, Tel: (210)522-3978, email: cpollock@swri.edu

SM03 The Electrodynamics of the Cusp and the Open/Closed Field Line Boundary Region, and the Cusp Ionosphere
The Earth's cusps constitute critical coupling links in space between the ionosphere, the magnetosphere, and the magnetosheath and solar wind. The cusp ionosphere is both a sink and a source region for energy and particles that couple to other regions of the magnetosphere. Further, the cusp ionosphere provides experimental signatures of these processes, via ground measurements from radar and optical instruments, as well in situ measurements on rockets launched from Spitzbergen, Norway. Satellite measurements, such as those on DMSP, FAST, Polar, and Cluster, add to the wealth of new experimental data, and are particularly effective when combined with the ground-based observations. Such experimental data provide new evidence of how the plasma and electrodynamics change across the open/closed field line boundary. This session focuses on both experimental and theoretical advances in the cusp that address in particular magnetospheric-ionospheric coupling and the electrodynamics of the open/closed field line boundary region in the ionosphere.
Conveners: Robert Pfaff, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 696, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-286-6328, Fax: 301-286-1648, email: rob.pfaff@gsfc.nasa.gov, and Per Even Sandholt, University of Oslo, , , NOR, email: p.e.sandholt@fys.uio.no, and Tim Yeoman, Univ. of Leicester, GBR, email: yxo@ion.le.ac.uk

SM04 Sun-to-Earth Elements and Linkages That Drive Geoeffectiveness
The capability now exists to observe the full radiative, chemical, and dynamical consequences of solar events throughout the upper atmosphere and identify processes that allow penetration of these effects to lower altitudes. These observations provide the basis for an improved view of atmospheric geoeffectiveness. Combining observations from various satellite and ground-based instruments distributed at vantage points throughout the Sun-Earth system and from data-driven models, we can identify elements (some of them previously unappreciated) that contribute to or enhance the geoeffectiveness of solar events at Earth. We are only now beginning to understand the importance of juxtaposed conditions (i.e., low solar wind density and an intense solar wind superhalo; southward IMF and high solar wind dynamic pressure; CMEs that lift off with high speed, etc.) and the complex response of the coupled regions in geospace (moderate B_z south in CMEs, sawtooth oscillations, and recurrent substorms; extreme excursions of B_z south and saturation of the polar cap potential, etc.) that make this geoeffectiveness difficult to predict. An enhanced understanding of geoeffectiveness is critical to move beyond predictions that just involve occurrence probability and overall storm intensity to details of the range of upper atmospheric effects that are expected to result from particular types of events at the Sun. The ongoing community analysis of the 14-24 April 2002 events is based on these concepts, and model/data comparisons that explain features of the events are one focus of this session. We encourage abstracts that identify geoeffective elements in portions of or over the entire Sun-Earth chain through event/modeling studies, statistical analysis, or empirical predictions.
Conveners: Janet U. Kozyra, University of Michigan, Space Physics Research Lab 2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel: 734-647-3550, Fax: 734-647-3083, email: jukozyra@engin.umich.edu, and Nicola J. Fox, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Space Department (SRA) 11100 Johns Hopkins Road , Laurel, MD 20723 USA, Tel: 240-228-3529, Fax: 240-228-1641, email: nicola.fox@jhuapl.edu, and Elsayed R. Talaat, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd., Laurel, MD 20723-6099 USA, Tel: 240-228-3971, Fax: 240-228-6670, email: elsayed.talaat@jhuapl.edu, and David F. Webb, ISR, Boston College, , , MA 01731-3030 USA, Tel: 781-377-3086, Fax: 781-377-3160, email: david.webb@hanscom.af.mil

SM05 Jovian Magnetospheric Environment Science for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO)
The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) will provide unprecedented opportunities for investigation of the Jovian magnetosphere and its interactions with icy surfaces of Galilean moons, putative subsurface oceans of these moons, Jupiter's upper atmosphere and rings, and the interplanetary solar wind. Greatly increased power and telemetry will enable new kinds of in situ and remote-sensing measurements. Many months in orbit around each moon, and around Jupiter, will allow long-term surveys of magnetic field, plasma, energetic particle, neutral gas, dust, and electromagnetic components of local moon environments and the large-scale magnetosphere. Abstracts are solicited on magnetospheric science, instrumentation, and techniques for JIMO.
Conveners: John F Cooper, Raytheon Technical Services Company, LLC, Space Physics Data Facility, Code 632 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301) 286-1193, Fax: (301) 286-1771, email: jfcooper@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Krishan K Khurana, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California at Los Angeles 405 Hilgard Ave. , Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA, Tel: (310) 825-8240, Fax: (310) 206-8042, email: kkhurana@igpp.ucla.edu

SM06 Sun-Earth Connections: Linked Models
In the era of Living With a Star (LWS), it is becoming increasingly clear that our understanding of the Sun-Earth connections requires the development of coupled models that provide linkage from the Sun to the Earth’s atmosphere. Such models can be empirical, semiempirical, or physics-based. Of particular interest for this session is the development of "end-to-end" models, but contributions that discuss models and approaches that treat just portions of the complete system are also encouraged. Contributions that deal with the challenges of coupling codes and data assimilation in the context of linked models also are welcome.
Conveners: Daniel Baker, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA, Tel: 303-492-4509, Fax: 303-492-6444, email: Daniel.Baker@lasp.colorado.edu, and Robert Clauer, University of Michigan, 1024 Space Research Lab 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel: 734 763-6248, Fax: 734 763-0437, email: rclauer@umich.edu

SM07 The Role of the Plasmasphere in Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Dynamics
The outer plasmasphere plays an important role in a variety of ionospheric and magnetospheric processes both directly (in the form of Coulomb scattering) and indirectly (as the site of ELF and ULF wave generation). Recent observations have shown the direct connection of the outer plasmasphere to midlatitude ionospheric density enhancements and ring current loss during storms. In addition, several radiation belt models invoke ULF/ELF waves generated at or near the plasmapause to scatter and energize radiation belt particles. This session seeks contributions of recent studies that demonstrate and clarify the role of the plasmasphere in ionospheric and magnetospheric processes.
Conveners: Mark Moldwin, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 USA, Tel: 310-825-5556, email: mmoldwin@ucla.edu, and John Foster, Millstone Hill Observatory, MIT Haystack Observatory Route 40 , Westford, MA 01886 USA, Tel: 781-981-5621, email: jcf@haystack.mit.edu

SM08 Exploring the Digital Geospace: Modern Methods of Spatial Data Analysis
Synoptic, long-term data sets from ongoing missions provide us with continuous coverage of the dynamic events in the near-Earth space environment, rather than the brief glimpses of the recent past. The fusion between observational and numerical data is rapidly becoming more comprehensive. Often the question is posed, What are the optimal analysis methods to use for a given geospace plasma environment, and which physics issues do they resolve? This session focuses on cutting-edge techniques and ensuing important results that were practically inconceivable a few years ago: (1) spatial and temporal filtering; (2) data assimilation; (3) ensemble forecasting and numerical perturbation analysis; (4) data mining; and (5) visualization, including virtual reality tools. These nonlinear methodologies produce qualitatively different information from traditional techniques. They allow for a more complete coverage of the four-dimensional configuration of plasma structures; insights into their formation, composition, and decay; and ways to distinguish and quantify the effects of simultaneous drivers in the same environment. Such methods are expected to be highly significant as interdisciplinary chains of models are developed for research and space weather forecasting.
Conveners: Dimitris Vassiliadis, USRA, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-286-9060, Fax: 301-286-1433, email: vassi@electra.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Robert W Schunk, Utah State University, 4405 Old Main Hill SER 246, Logan, UT 84322-4405 USA, Tel: 435-797-2978, email: schunk@cc.usu.edu, and Ludger Scherliess, Utah State University, 4405 Old Main Hill SER 246, Logan, UT 84322-4405 USA, Tel: 435-797-7189, Fax: 435-797-2992, email: ludger@gaim.cass.usu.edu, and Shing F Fung, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, MC 632, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-286-6301, Fax: 301-286-1771, email: fung@mail630.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Robert S Weigel, CISM/KT, LASP, U. Colorado 1234 Innovation Dr., Boulder, CO 80303-7814 USA, Tel: 303-492-1259, Fax: 303-492-6444, email: robert.weigel@lasp.colorado.edu

SPA-Magnetospheric Physics also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
P06 Science Rationale for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter Mission
SA03 Observations and Modeling of Small-Scale Processes in the High-Latitude E Region
SH04 Space Science Research With Societal Consequences
SH07 Roles of Electromagnetic Waves in Reconnecting Space and Laboratory Plasmas
AE04 Electrical Effects of Thunderstorms on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere

Tectonophysics

T00 General Tectonophysics Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Tectonophysics may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Tectonophysics sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. The Tectonophysics Section is truly interdisciplinary, with ties to seismology, geodesy, planetology, geomagnetism/paleomagnetism, and volcanology. Its members cultivate an interest in geodynamical processes and deformation from the scale of individual crystals to mantle convection and plate tectonics through the study of rock mechanics, mineral physics, seafloor geology and morphology, continental and marine tectonics and structural geology, and the thermal regime and mass balance of the Earth. An enduring challenge facing tectonophysicists is to relate processes and measurements at Earth's surface to their origins at depths that can't be directly observed. Better measurements, whether in the laboratory, at sea, in deep drill holes, or from satellites, are revealing unexpected complexity that often challenges simplified descriptions and standing models. This is nowhere better illustrated than in the continents, where basic issues like the strength of the lithosphere, strength of major plate boundary faults, the origins of the mountain belts, and the mechanics of intraplate seismicity remain unresolved.
Conveners: Adrian Lenardic, Department of Geology and Geophysics, MS-126, Houston, TX 77251-1892 USA, Tel: 713-348-4883, Fax: 713-348-5214, email: adrian@esci.rice.edu, and Yuri Fialko, University of California, San Diego, IGPP 225, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, Tel: 858-822-5028, Fax: 858-534-5332, email: fialko@radar.ucsd.edu

T01 Role of Large Strike-Slip Faults in Tectonics of the Tibetan Plateau
The history and tectonic significance of strike-slip faulting in the Cenozoic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen has been the subject of much debate, and currently many competing models for the role of strike-slip faulting within the Tibetan Plateau exist. Views on the significance of unquestionably large, but poorly understood, strike-slip fault systems such as the Karakoram, Kunlun, Altyn Tagh, and Haiyuan faults range widely. Extrusion models consider these faults to have large magnitude offsets and high slip rates that accommodate plate-like motion of lithosphere. In contrast, other models regard the faults as structures that accommodate differential shortening and link fold-thrust belts; these models predict lower slip magnitudes and rates. Better constraints on the slip rate, slip magnitude, and slip history of the major strike-slip faults on the Tibetan Plateau promise a key test of the relative importance of plate-like and distributed deformation throughout the evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen.
Conveners: Bradley Ritts, Utah State University, Department of Geology 4505 Old Main Hill , Logan, UT 84322-4505 USA, Tel: 435-797-7096, Fax: 435-797-1588, email: ritts@cc.usu.edu, and Yongjun Yue, Stanford University, Dept. of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305-2115 USA, Tel: 650-724-2627, Fax: 650-723-0979, email: yongjun@pangea.stanford.edu, and Steve Graham, Stanford University, Dept. of Geological and Environmental Sciences Bldg. 320, Stanford, CA 94305-2115 USA, Tel: 650-723-0507, Fax: 650-723-0979, email: graham@pangea.stanford.edu

T02 Seismotectonics of the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area
Eastern San Francisco Bay Area faults, part of the large-scale San Andreas Fault System, juxtapose rocks with very different rheologic properties, properties that may influence earthquake processes and have implications for earthquake hazards, earthquake potential, and long-term fault evolution. Some faults creep at the ground surface yet have potential for large earthquakes; for example, the creeping Hayward fault is thought to be the most likely location of the next damaging Bay Area earthquake. Efforts utilizing a combination of geologic, geophysical, and seismological techniques will be required to understand the structure, physical properties, and dynamics of the faults in this highly urbanized area. We welcome contributions from any of these fields that address topics such as segmentation, structural and geologic controls on seismicity, the surface and depth distribution of creep, recurrence intervals, and fault interactions at depth in the eastern San Francisco Bay Area.
Conveners: Diane E Moore, U. S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road MS/977 , Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-4825, Fax: 650-329-5143, email: dmoore@usgs.gov, and David A Ponce, U. S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road MS/989, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-5314, email: ponce@usgs.gov

T03 Earthquake Geology and Hazards of East Asia
The 1995 Kobe and 1999 Chi-Chi earthquakes have accelerated the study of active faulting and folding in east Asia. Recent geologic studies along active faults and folds have yielded new results on cumulative coseismic displacements, earthquake recurrence and structural styles. This session seeks to bring together scientists who are exploring the neotectonics and paleoseismology of east Asia. We welcome contributions that aid the understanding of earthquake processes and hazards in east Asia.
Conveners: Charles Martin Rubin, Central Washington University, Department of Geological Sciences, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA, Tel: 509-963-2827, Fax: 509-963-1109, email: charlier@geology.cwu.edu, and Yue-Gau Chen, National Taiwan University, Department of Geosciences, Taipei 106, TWN, Tel: 886-2369-7648, Fax: 886-2363-6095, email: ygchen@ccms.ntu.edu.tw, and Karl Mueller, University of Colorado, Dept. Geological Sciences, Boulder, CO 80309-0399 USA, Tel: 303-492-7336, Fax: 303-492-2606, email: Karl.Mueller@colorado.edu, and Yuichi Sugiyama, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Active Fault Research Center Site 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567 JPN, Tel: 81-29-861-3694, Fax: 81-29-852-3461, email: sugiyama-y@aist.go.jp

T04 Causes and Consequences of Lateral Heterogeneity in the Earth's Mantle
With recent advances in our ability to image the three-dimensional structure of the mantle, and in our knowledge of phase equilibria and material properties at high pressures, we are in a position to assess the consequences for our understanding of the thermal and chemical evolution of the planet. Recent years have seen a renewed interest in understanding the origin and dynamical consequences of the three-dimensional structure of the mantle in terms of spatial variations in composition, temperature, and phase. We encourage contributions that seek to integrate seismology, mineral physics, and/or geodynamics toward a better understanding of geophysical observations from the surface to the core-mantle boundary.
Conveners: Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni, University of Michigan, Department of Geological Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Tel: 734 647-9938, Fax: 734 763-4690, email: crlb@umich.edu, and Lars Stixrude, University of Michigan, , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, Tel: 734 647-9071, Fax: 734 763-4690, email: stixrude@umich.edu

T05 Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Processes and Progress
Much work has been conducted since the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) Workshop in Hawaii, 2002 (see Eos volo 84, p. 3). This session is an opportunity to share recent results and for newcomers to learn about this study site of the NSF MARGINS and Japanese Subduction Factory programs. Contributions are encouraged from anyone currently working on the geology, geophysics, or geochemistry of the subducting plate, forearc, volcanic arc, or backarc of the entire IBM system, the history of the Philippine Sea Plate as it affects IBM, or other forcing functions applicable to the arc.
Conveners: Jim Gill, UCSC, Earth Sciences, Santa Cruz, CA 96064 USA, Tel: 831-459-3842, Fax: 831-459-3074, email: jgill@es.ucsc.edu, and Simon Klemperer, Stanford, USA, email: sklemp@pangea.stanford.edu, and Yoshi Tamura, IFREE/JAMSTEC, JPN, email: tamuray@jamstec.go.jp

T06 Structure and Evolution of Nonvolcanic Rifted Margins
Continental rifting leading to seafloor spreading is a fundamental component of the plate-tectonic cycle that still is poorly understood. The processes that attend continental separation (crustal thinning, volcanism, faulting, uplift, and eventual thermal subsidence) profoundly modify continental edges and leave behind important geological records of their operation. To understand these processes, we need detailed information on lithospheric structure and the stratigraphic record, both from continental edges in submarine settings and from fossil margins now exposed on land. In addition, data from conjugate margins are important for determining the degree to which rifting processes and development of the sedimentary record are symmetrical on opposing margins. This session focuses on nonvolcanic rifted margins. Data acquired in recent years show these margins to be structurally complex, manifesting such varied features as differential thinning of continental crustal layers, multiple generations of normal faulting, development of metamorphic core complexes, extensive exhumation and serpentinization of mantle, association with early ultraslow seafloor spreading, and contrasting thermal and subsidence histories between margin conjugates. This session is intended to foster new insights into the evolution of nonvolcanic margins from recently acquired geological, geophysical, and drilling data, as well as from synthesis of existing data. We particularly encourage abstracts that compare and contrast conjugate margins and that provide new perspectives from subaerial as well as submarine environments.
Conveners: Brian E. Tucholke, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Clark 241, MS 22, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1541 USA, Tel: 508-289-2494, Fax: 508-457-2187, email: btucholke@whoi.edu, and Jean-Claude Sibuet, Ifremer Centre de Brest, B.P. 70, 29280 Plouzane Cedex FRANCE, , FRA, Tel: (33) 2.98.22.42.33, Fax: (33) 2.98.22.45.49, email: jcsibuet@ifremer.fr, and Dale S. Sawyer, Rice University, Department of Earth Science, MS 126, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77001 USA, Tel: 713-348-5106, Fax: 713-348-5214, email: dale@rice.edu

T07 Analysis of Plate Boundary Deformation Using Stress and Strain Rate Data in Tandem
The observed patterns and modes of plate boundary deformation represent a superposition of separate geomechanical processes operating at different temporal and spatial scales. This session will focus on (1) geodetic, seismologic, and geologic methods of distinguishing different components of the crustal deformation field, (2) identifying the corresponding tectonic processes (e.g., interseismic locking effects and secular plate motions), and (3) jointly interpreting tectonic stress and strain rate fields in terms of a superposition of these processes. We particularly welcome contributions that address methods of reconciling short- and long-term observations of plate boundary deformation, or the constraints on lithospheric rheology imposed by the joint interpretation of those observations.
Conveners: John Townend, Victoria University of Wellington, School of Earth Sciences P.O. Box 600, Wellington, NZL, Tel: 64 4 463 5411, Fax: 64 4 463 5186, email: john.townend@vuw.ac.nz, and Stephane Mazzotti, Geological Survey of Canada, National Earthquake Hazards Program 7 Observatory Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1A OY3 CAN, Tel: 613 992 0240, Fax: 613 992 8836, email: smazzotti@nrcan.gc.ca, and Shin'ichi Miyazaki, Stanford University, Department of Geophysics, Stanford, CA 94305-2215 USA, Tel: 650 725 5472, Fax: 650 725 7344, email: miyagsi@pangea.stanford.edu, and Kelin Wang, Geological Survey of Canada, Pacific Geoscience Centre 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2 CAN, Tel: 250 363 6429, Fax: 250 363 6565, email: wang@pgc.nrcan.gc.ca

T08 Taking the Measure of Deforming Landscapes
Digital topography of active mountain belts represents one of the most significant and relatively untapped data sources for studies of the interaction of tectonic and surface processes. These data are becoming increasingly available to the Earth science community, as are ever more sophisticated models that couple tectonic and surface processes in the prediction of mountainous topography. One of the important challenges for the community remains the ability to extract from both real and simulated landscape geomorphic fingerprints that characterize tectonic or climatic forcings. Is there a unique signature of tectonic displacement or base level fall? Can climatic forcing be recognized and distinguished from tectonics? Are there measures of the landscape that our community has yet to exploit? For example, can we learn from investigators of interfaces and surface growth? This session aims to bring together investigators who measure the landscape with a view to addressing active tectonic and climatic forcings and over length scales ranging from individual structures to mountain belts.
Conveners: Michael Alexander Ellis, Ctr. Earthquake Research and Info., University of Memphis, 3876 Central Avenue, Suite 1, Memphis, TN 38152 USA, Tel: 901 678 4980, Fax: 901 678 4734, email: ellis@ceri.memphis.edu, and Alexander L. Densmore, Institute of Geology, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH, ETH Zentrum, CH-8092, Zurich, CHE, Tel: 41 1 632 0418, Fax: 41 1 632 1080, email: densmore@erdw.ethz.ch

T09 Development of Fault Systems Through Time: Process and Rates.
We encourage abstracts that investigate the evolution of fault systems on timescales from millions of years to years. We welcome both field-based observations and modeling studies, particularly those which constrain fault growth rates and those which provide insights into fault mechanics from the evolution of faulting.
Conveners: Jonathan Mark Bull, Southampton Oceanography Centre, SOES European Way , Southampton, S014 3ZH GBR, Tel: 44 (0)2380 593078, Fax: 44 (0)2380 593052, email: bull@soton.ac.uk, and Patience Cowie, Edinburgh University, Department of Geology and Geophysics Kings Buildings West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW GBR, Tel: 44 (0)131 650 5886, Fax: 44 (0) 131 668 3184, email: Patience.Cowie@glg.ed.ac.uk, and Nancye Dawers, Tulane University, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences 120 Dinwiddie Hall 6823 St Charles Ave , New Orleans, LA 70118 USA, Tel: 504-862-3200, Fax: 504-865-5199, email: ndawers@tulane.edu

T10 Structure and Dynamics of Oceanic Upper Mantle
The oceanic upper mantle holds the key to understanding the dynamics of plate tectonics and mantle convection. In recent years, models have been developed to describe a number of important dynamic processes beneath the oceans, including melt generation and transport, boundary layer instabilities, and development of flow-induced anisotropic fabric. A new generation of seismic instrumentation and imaging, geodynamic theory and modeling, and geochemical and petrological techniques are being used to constrain and evaluate these models. In this session we want to bring together observational studies on the structure of oceanic upper mantle and crust and modeling studies (both computational and experimental) on the rheology and dynamics of the oceanic mantle.
Conveners: Jim Gaherty, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA, Tel: 404-894-1992, email: gaherty@eas.gatech.edu, and Jun Korenaga, Yale University, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, New Haven, CT 06520 USA, Tel: 203-432-7381, email: jun.korenaga@yale.edu, and Shijie Zhong, University of Colorado, Dept. of Physics, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, Tel: 303-735-5095, email: szhong@anquetil.colorado.edu

T11 At the Seismogenic Front: Dynamic Processes at Convergent Margins
Current multidisciplinary research is rapidly changing our view of the shallow subduction zone processes governing strain accumulation and release, fault mechanics, fault hydrogeology, tsunamigenesis, and earthquake dynamics. This session will provide a forum for new results in geophysical imaging, experimental fault mechanics, seismic source processes, geodetics, structural geology, in situ studies, and other topics related to the shallow subduction zone environment. We welcome submissions on any topic related to forearc dynamics and the seismogenic zone at any convergent margin, especially those highlighting the Nankai Trough of southwestern Japan and the Middle America Trench, the two focus sites of the MARGINS SEIZE program.
Conveners: Harold Tobin, New Mexico Tech, Earth and Environmental Science Dept. 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801 USA, Tel: 505-835-5920, Fax: 505-835-6436, email: tobin@nmt.edu, and Kohtaro Ujiie, IFREE/JAMSTEC, Institute for Frontier Research on Earth Evolution Japan Marine Science and Technology Center 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0001 JPN, Tel: +81-45-778-5467, Fax: +81-45-778-5439, email: ujiiek@jamstec.go.jp, and Susan Bilek, New Mexico Tech, Earth and Environmental Science Dept. 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801 USA, Tel: 831-459-4426, Fax: 831-457-3076, email: sbilek@ees.nmt.edu, and Demian Saffer, University of Wyoming, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics P.O. Box 3006, Laramie, WY 82071 USA, Tel: 307-766-2981, Fax: 307-766-6679, email: dsaffer@uwyo.edu

T12 Ground and Space Methods for Monitoring EM Preearthquake Phenomena
This session will consider the existence and cause of the electromagnetic (EM) phenomena related to the occurrence of earthquakes. We encourage abstracts describing EM signals caused by changes in the state of stress in the Earth's crust prior to earthquakes with main focus on electrical, electromagnetic, and infrared (IR) phenomena and methods for their monitoring. EM signals related to the strong earthquake are still widely debated in the science community. Several reasons contribute to the cautious assessment, among them a lack of understanding the link between the seismo-mechanical processes on the ground and the ionospheric and electromagnetic events. Contributions are solicited on all potential EM earthquake related phenomena and their precursors in different frequency ranges observed and documented by lab measurements, ground-based and remote sounding methods, and satellite probes.
Conveners: Dimitar Ouzounov, NASA/Goddard, SSAI/MS 902, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301)614-6523, Fax: (301)614-5268, email: ouzounov@eosdata.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Friedemann Freund, San Jose State University, Ames Research Ctr MS 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 USA, Tel: (415)604-5183, email: ffreund@mail.arc.nasa.gov, and Patrick Taylor, NASA/Goddard, NASA Goddard SFC MC 921, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001 USA, Tel: (301)614-6454, Fax: (301)614-6522, email: ptaylor@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Stephen Park, University of California, Riverside, Dept Earth Science, Riverside, CA 92521 USA, Tel: (909)787-4501, Fax: (909)787-4324, email: steve.park@ucr.edu, and Carol Raymond, JPL/NASA, 4800 Oak Grove Dr MS 183-501, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 USA, Tel: (818)354-8690x490, Fax: (818)393-5059, email: carol.a.raymond@jpl.nasa.gov

T13 Drilling at the Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O)
This session will focus on the scientific results from ODP Leg 200 which drilled at the Hawaii-2 Observatory halfway between Oahu and California (Site 1224) and which also drilled Nuuanu Landslide deposits about 300 km northeast of Honolulu (Site 1223). Two boreholes were drilled near the Hawaii-2 Observatory which have access to the Hawaii-2 junction box and submarine cable. These boreholes can be used for continuous real-time monitoring of geophysical, microbiological, and geochemical instrumentation in the igneous ocean crust. Microbial structures were identified in basalts cored in Hole 1224F. At the Nuuanu Landslide site, deposits were recovered which indicate that two pyroclastic events, similar to the 1980 Mount St. Helens' eruption, but an order of magnitude larger, occurred on the Koolau volcano (Oahu) about 2 million years ago.
Conveners: Ralph A Stephen, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 360 Woods Hole Road (MS24), Woods Hole, MA 02543-1552 USA, Tel: 508-289-2583, Fax: 508-457-2150, email: rstephen@whoi.edu, and Junzo Kasahara, Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032 JPN, Tel: +81-3-5841-8272, Fax: +81-3-5689-7234, email: kasa2@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp

T14 New Views of the Structure and Composition of the Deep Earth
The aim of this session is to present the latest developments and findings in the field of high-pressure experimental mineral physics, as well as work aimed at constraining or modeling the composition and structure of the Earth based on experimental data. Mineral physics is the key to providing critical data (with an input from geodynamics) for constraining Earth models derived from seismological and geochemical studies. Indeed, only through high quality experiments can we fine-tune our knowledge of the composition and structure of the planet, whether on the global scale (bulk composition, transport properties) or on the local scale (chemical heterogeneities, phase separation, silicate—liquid interaction). Recently, with the advent of new high resolution seismic imaging techniques and accurate three-dimensional geodynamical modeling, profound questions about the structure and dynamics of the lower mantle and the chemistry and nature of the D" layer have been raised; how can high-pressure mineralogy directly address these observations? How can it address the problem of light elements and seismic anisotropy in Earth’s core? We solicit contributions related to these issues from high-pressure mineralogists working in the field of deep Earth mineral physics. We also solicit contributions from a broader range of disciplines dedicated to the study of the deep Earth, such as seismology, geochemistry, and geodynamics.
Conveners: Daniel L Farber, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-201 4000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA, Tel: 925-424-2256, Fax: 925-423-1057, email: farber2@llnl.gov, and James Badro, Université Paris VI - Institut de Physique du Globe, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Paris, FRA, email: james.badro@ens-lyon.fr

T15 Late Cenozoic Tectonics, Climate, and Topography in the Central and Southern Andes
The Central and Southern Andes are perpendicular to two major but opposite atmospheric circulation regimes that have prevailed since Miocene time. Tectonically controlled surface uplift and construction of topography by volcanism have resulted in drastic changes of the amount, spatial distribution, and seasonality of precipitation controlling erosion sedimentation and landscape development, and possibly influencing along-strike development of tectonic styles. The availability of space-based geodesy and high-resolution DEMs, combined with increasingly accurate dating of deformation at the million year timescale, as well as emerging techniques for paleoenvironment and paleoclimate studies make this noncollisional mountain belt an exceptional laboratory for studying the temporal and spatial relations among tectonics, climate, and mountain building.
Conveners: Rick Allmendinger, Cornell University, Dept. of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences Snee Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1504 USA, Tel: (607) 255-3376, Fax: (607) 254-4780, email: rwa1@cornell.edu, and Benjamin Brooks, University of Hawaii, , , USA, email: bbrooks@soest.hawaii.edu, and Manfred Strecker, University of Potsdam, DEU, email: strecker@geo.uni-potsdam.de

T16 Heat Sources in the Core
Secular cooling and the decay of radioctive elements in the Earth's interior power the thermal and chemical evolution of our planet. The relative importance of these heat sources in the core is established by processes that occur during Earth's formation and early evolution, primarly the segregation into metallic core and silicate Earth. While the presence of a significant amount of long-lived radioactive elements in the core has been controversial for many decades, there is recent evidence from geochemistry and mineral physics that support the partitioning of a significant amount of radioactive elements, primarily potassium, into the core. The resulting heat production in the core has important implications for the thermal evolution of the Earth and the dynamic processes powering the Earth's dynamo and mantle convection, both at present and through geologic history. This session will bring together researchers from many fields of the deep Earth science, integrating current research from geochemistry and mineral physics with the geodynamic implications for radioactive heat production in the core.
Conveners: Gerd Steinle-Neumann, University Bayreuth, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University Bayreuth, Bayreuth, DEU, Tel: +49-921-553702, Fax: +49-921-553769, email: g.steinle-neumann@uni-bayreuth.de, and Bruce Buffett, University of Chicago, Geophysical Sciences, Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Tel: 773-702-8107, Fax: 773-702-9505, email: buffett@geosci.uchicago.edu

T17 The Structure and Physical Properties of Grain Boundaries in Rocks
Grain boundaries and phase boundaries are important structural defects in rocks. In polycrystalline, multiphase materials, grain interfaces are present in many different configurations forming extended three-dimensional networks very much like the networks of liquid films that constitute foams. Even though grain boundary structures are measured on the nanometer scale, large-scale properties of rocks such as elasticity, strength, electrical conductivity, and diffusive mass transport depend on the physical and chemical properties of grain boundaries. Consequently, geodynamic processes involving rock deformation, fluid transport, metamorphic reactions, melting, and melt segregation all depend critically on the properties of grain boundaries. Our conceptual view of the grain boundary structure stems largely from observations on metals and ceramics. However, since the mineralogical properties and chemical composition of rocks are significantly more complex, we simply do not know to what extent existing grain boundary models are representative for rocks. We need to understand the structure and transport properties of grain and phase boundaries present in Earth materials on the atomic scale. Recent implementation of new analytical techniques and significant advances in high-resolution microstructure analysis are about to fundamentally change our view of structure and physical properties of grain boundaries. With enhanced computational power and new software development, sophisticated atomic-scale models can now be tested against experimental observations. The session will cover four thematic topics from experimental, analytical, and modeling perspectives of grain boundaries: (1) high-resolution microstructure investigation of natural and synthetic grain and phase boundaries; (2) modeling of grain boundary structures and processes; (3) physical properties of grain boundaries such as conductivity and diffusivity; (4) strain localization in crust and mantle; and (5) interface diffusion controlled creep of crustal and mantle rocks.
Conveners: Georg H. Dresen, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg D425, Potsdam, 14473 DEU, Tel: 49-331-2881320, Fax: 49-331-2881328, email: dre@gfz-potsdam.de, and David L. Kohlstedt, University of Minnesota, Department of Geology and Geophysics Pillsbury Hall 310 Pillsbury Dr. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, Tel: 612-626-1544, Fax: 612-625-3819, email: dlkohl@umn.edu, and Wirth Richard, GeoforschungsZentrum Potsdam, C 120 Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473 DEU, Tel: 49-3312881319, email: wirth@gfz-potsdam.de

Tectonophysics also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
S07 Crustal Seismic Anisotropy as a Measure of Tectonic Deformation
S16 Seismic Hazards in the Great Basin
U02 The Contributions of 20 Years of Scientific Ocean Drilling
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical, Experimental, and Observational Constraints
B12 From Mantle to Microbe: Ridge2000 Research and Progress
G05 Before PBO: What Do We Know?
G12 Insights Into the Earthquake Cycle
GP02 Magnetic Anisotropy and Its Applications
GP09 Tectonic and Geochronologic Applications of Sedimentary Paleomagnetism
GP10 Magnetic Petrology and its Applications to Tectonics, Remote Sensing, and the Martian Climate
GP11 Conductivity From Crust to Core
H01 Quantifying Rates of Geomorphic Processes
H02 Earth Surface: Processes and Landscapes (POSTER)
H03 Extreme Event Geomorphology
H13 Interactions Between Fluids and Fractures
H15 The Influence of Scale on Characterization of Fractured-Rock Aquifers
H38 Influence of Hydrologic and Geomorphic Processes on Surface Water Quality
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas Hydrate From Around the Globe
OS09 Gas Hydrates in Accretionary Complexes
P04 Faulting and Fault-Related Processes on Planetary Surfaces
S03 Earthquake Hazards of Greater Tokyo: Eighty Years After Kanto
S05 Stress Transfer, Triggered Earthquakes, and Time-Dependent Seismic Hazard
S06 New Views of Seismic Hazard in Cascadia
S08 Subduction and Lithospheric Deformation in South America
S10 The Energy Budget of the “Earthquake Machine”
S11 The African Superswell Province: From Core to Crust
S15 Mechanical Strength of the Continental Lithosphere
S17 Theories of Earth's Interior
V02 The Growth and Collapse of Hawaiian Volcanoes
V04 Modeling Metamorphism
V05 Many Facets of Garnet: Recorders of Crust and Mantle Dynamics
V09 Birth, Growth, and Death of Magmatic Arcs: Comparisons Among Arcs in Different Settings
V10 Crustal and Mantle Processes in Ophiolites and Ocean Crust Generation
V11 Rift Zones on Volcanic Islands: Structure, Evolution, and Magmatic Processes
V15 The First Historical Eruption of Anatahan Volcano, Mariana Islands
V12 The Origins of Hot Spots, LIPS, Seamount Chains and Volcanic Ridges
NG05 Space-Time Pattern Discovery and Forecasting in Complex Fault Networks
NG06 From Microscale to Macroscale: Models for Material Damage Mechanics and Earth System Dynamics, and Their Relation to Seismicity and Earthquakes
ED06 Education and Outreach Efforts of Major Research Facilities and Organizations

Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology

V00 General Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Volcanology, Geochemistry, and petrology sessions. General contributions will be Peviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. The chemical and physical evolution of rocks and minerals falls under the purview of the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section. Significant research topics include (but are not limited to) isotope geochemistry and geochronology, geochemical and petrologic evolution of the crust, mantle, and core of the Earth, physical and chemical dynamics of magma formation, migration, storage, and eruption, physical volcanology and volcanic hazards, chemical evolution of the solid Earth, interactions between the solid Earth and its fluid envelopes, applications of geochemistry to study of the history of those fluid envelopes, including paleooceanographic and paleoclimate studies, and biogeochemistry. Development of new methods of geochemical analysis, experimental investigations, and physical and geochemical modeling are also of considerable interest. VGP overlaps strongly with other Sections, such as Planetary Sciences, Tectonophysics, Seismology, Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, Hydrology, and Biogeosciences.
Conveners: Marc M. Hirschmann, University of Minnesota, Department of Geology 108 Pillsbury Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA, Tel: 612-625-6698, Fax: 612-625-3819, email: marc.m.hirschmann-1@umn.edu, and Thomas W. Sisson, Volcano Hazards Team, MS-910 U.S. Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: 650-329-5247, Fax: 650-329-5203, email: tsisson@usgs.gov

V01 Centennial Celebration of Radioisotopic Geochronology: Dates, Rates, and New Debates
In the 100 years since the discovery of radioactive transformation of elements, radioisotopic dating has changed Earth and planetary science in profound ways, as it itself has also changed dramatically. The originally straightforward objective of measuring the age of the Earth has evolved into a wide range of innovative and sophisticated methods for constraining rates and dynamics of a wide range of processes. Decay systems once thought useless or prohibitively difficult now provide exciting insights into new problems, and geochronometric results regularly open entirely new areas of exploration. This session will focus on new developments and innovations in geochronology and thermochronology, and will provide a forum for highlighting new results and interpretations arising from radioisotopic dating that challenge existing ideas or motivate new research directions. The goal is to emphasize the dynamic and versatile face of geochronology, while assessing progress and changing perspectives in the last century. We encourage abstracts from researchers addressing both methodology and innovative applications in geochronology, from the panoply of subdisciplines spanning the earth and planetary sciences, including early solar system evolution to Quaternary surficial processes.
Conveners: Peter W Reiners, Yale Univeristy, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics , New Haven, CT 06520 USA, email: peter.reiners@yale.edu, and Paul R Renne, Berkeley Geochronology Center, USA, email: prenne@bgc.org

V02 The Growth and Collapse of Hawaiian Volcanoes
The Hawaiian Islands are the most studied hot spot-related ocean island chain on Earth, and recent work on the submarine flanks of the islands has revealed much about their internal structure and development. Giant submarine landslides off island flanks, as well as less catastrophic volcano spreading and slumping processes, are now recognized as integral to the life cycles of the islands. Volcaniclastic sedimentation during island building, interplay between volcano growth and subsidence, and the formation of rift zones play important roles as well. James Moore has led the way in pinpointing many of the critical processes outlined above. In this session we solicit abstracts that present new results on all aspects of volcano growth, structure, and deformation that build on his fundamental contributions to our understanding of the development of the Hawaiian Islands, as well as other ocean island volcanoes.
Conveners: Michelle L Coombs, USGS Menlo Park, USA, email: mcoombs@usgs.gov, and Barry Eakins, USGS Menlo Park, USA, email: beakins@usgs.gov, and Eiichi Takahashi, Tokyo Institute of Technology, JPN, email: etakahas@geo.titech.ac.jp

V03 Melting of the Mantle and Formation of Basalt Magmas: Experiments, Field Studies, and Models
Lherzolite and eclogite constitute the Earth’s upper mantle. Experimental petrologic studies of melting of these rocks provide fundamental constraints on the origin of basalts that form the bulk of the crust of the Earth. Experimental and analytical techniques have greatly improved over the past decade and many new experimental studies have been conducted in various laboratories. These new generation experiments, field studies, marine geophysical experiments, and vast amounts of high-quality geochemical analyses of rocks have given us the much needed tools to decipher how the Earth works. The system CaO-MgO-Al^2O^3-SiO^2 system serves as a foundation to our quantitative understanding of the phase equilibrium controls on magma generation and lithosphere formation. Dean Presnall and his students and postdocs have meticulously studied this complicated system over the past three decades and contributed significantly to our understanding of the phase equilibrium constraints of basalt magma generation at mid-oceanic ridges and in hot spot environments. This session will honor him by presenting new results from melting of mantle lithologies, including peridotite and eclogite, field studies, and models of oceanic lithosphere generation.
Conveners: Gautam Sen, Florida International University, Dept Geology, Miami, FL 33199 USA, Tel: (305)348-2299, Fax: (305)348-3877, email: seng@fiu.edu, and Michael Walter, Institute for Study of the Earth''s Interior , Okayama University, Yamada 827, Misasa Tottori, 682-0193 JPN, Tel: 81858433732, Fax: 81858433450, email: walter@misasa.okayama-u.ac.jp, and Gudmundur Gudfinnsson, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015-1305 USA, email: g.gudfinnsson@gl.ciw.edu, and Shantanu Keshav, Florida International University, Dept Geology, Miami, FL 33199 USA, Tel: (305)348-2365, Fax: (305)348-3147, email: skesha01@fiu.edu

V04 Modeling Metamorphism
Modeling in metamorphic studies provides insight into understanding those fundamental processes by which metamorphism occurs, from the submicron to the kilometer scale. Modeling helps direct acquisition of new experimental data and guides us to new observations in the laboratory and the field, and it enables a better understanding of metamorphic processes as they relate to lithospheric evolution. Contributions are encouraged from a wide array of subdisciplines that use modeling to understand metamorphic processes and lithospheric evolution. Examples include, but are not limited to, spatial and temporal evolution of burial, orogenesis, and exhumation; mechanisms of geochemical differentiation of the crust and mantle; transport of heat and mass; nucleation and growth of crystals, and microstructural and textural development; fluid flow and melting, from ore deposits to global chemical cycles; and quantification of extensive variables to understanding metamorphic belts.
Conveners: Michael Brown, University of Maryland, Dept Geology, College Park, MD 20742-4211 USA, Tel: (301)405-4080, Fax: (301)314-9661, email: mbrown@geol.umd.edu, and Barb Dutrow, Louisiana State University, Dept Geology & Geophysics E235 Howe Russell Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-4101 USA, Tel: (225)578-2525, Fax: (225)578-2302, email: dutrow@geol.lsu.edu

V05 Many Facets of Garnet: Recorders of Crust and Mantle Dynamics
The chemical and physical properties of garnets have long been central to petrologic and structural studies of the continental crust and mantle because garnets may record the pressure, temperature, strain, and fluid histories of rocks through time. In recent years, new techniques have improved our ability to probe the chemical composition, isotopic systematics, and microstructures of garnets and therefore to better understand metamorphic and magmatic processes. Methods and applications include (1)chemical studies of major, trace, and volatile elements in garnets and inclusions in garnets to understand the evolution of the crust and mantle, the rates and mechanisms of high-T geologic processes (heating, burial/decompression, mineral growth, deformation), and the record of fluid-rock interactions in the Earth through time; and(2) microstructural studies to document brittle and ductile processes in the continental crust and mantle. We welcome contributions that use garnet-based studies to understand petrologic and tectonic processes. In particular, we encourage abstracts from investigators using high-resolution methods to characterize and interpret the composition and microstructures of garnets in a petrologic or structural context.
Conveners: Donna L Whitney, University of Minnesota, USA, email: dwhitney@umn.edu, and Derek Vance, University of London, Dept Geology Royal Holloway-Egham, Surrey, TW20 OEX GBR, Tel: 44-908-858509, Fax: 44-908-655151, email: d.vance@gl.rhul.ac.uk, and David Hirsch, Western Washington University, USA, email: hirschd@cc.wwu.edu, and Richard Spiess, Universita'' di Padova, ITA, email: richard.spiess@unipd.it

V06 Volcanic Emissions to the Troposphere: Fluxes, Feedbacks, Impacts
Erupting and degassing volcanoes are responsible for the release of prodigious quantities of gases and particles to the atmosphere. While the volcanic contribution of certain species (such as SO^2) to the stratosphere during short-lived explosive eruptions is well established, continuous emissions to the tropospheric complement of sulphur and, in particular, nonsulphur species (including halogen-bearing gases and aerosols; metals and metalloids; halocarbons and other organic compounds) is much less well developed. Consequently, little is known about the role of volcanoes in the biogeochemical cycles of key trace species, whether toxins or nutrients, (e.g., Hg, Se, As, Cd, Fe..); the impact, whether positive or negative, of environmentally significant emissions on local, regional, and global scales; or indeed the effects on biosystems, and the human health implications, of these unexceptional but considerable 'background' emissions. We encourage contributions that address any of the following topics, whether from a volcanological, atmospheric, biogeochemical, or human or animal health perspective; and we solicit contributions that consider these topics on any temporal or spatial scale (whether local, regional, or global): (1) emission rates of gases or particles from volcanoes to the troposphere whether by direct emission from hot magma; as by-products of reactions following plume-atmosphere interactions; or by release from volcanic soils and hydrothermal systems; (2) the contribution of volcanic emissions to the tropospheric 'background' of trace gas species, including volatile heavy metals (e.g., mercury) and metalloids; (3) the contribution of volcanoes to the tropospheric aerosol burden of, for example, mineral dust, sulphate, halide, nitrate and trace metals; (4) modeling of tropospheric aerosol or tropospheric chemistry and the sensitivity to potential volcanic inputs; (5) examples of interaction between volcanic emissions and the biosphere on all scales: direct and indirect feedbacks; animal and human health impacts; impacts on vegetation; (6) volcano-atmosphere interactions, from the free troposphere to urban atmospheres; and (7) new techniques for quantifying the release, transport, or deposition of volcanic emissions
Conveners: David Pyle, Cambridge University, Dept Earth Sciences Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ GBR, Tel: 44-1223-333400, Fax: 44-1223-333450, email: dmp11@cam.ac.uk, and Clive Oppenheimer, Cambridge University, Dept Geography Downing Plac, Cambridge, CB2 3EN GBR, Tel: 44-223333386, Fax: 44-223333392, email: co200@cam.ac.uk, and Michael Herzog, University of Michigan, 1541A Space Research Bldg 2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA, Tel: (734)936-0491, Fax: (734)764-5137, email: herzogm@umich.edu

V07 Isotopic Constraints on Rates of Building Active Volcanoes
Understanding rates of volcanic evolution is critical for distilling geologic histories, developing physical and chemical models, and assessing volcanic hazards. High-precision geochronology using a variety of isotopic tools (U-Th-Pb, U-Th-He, K/Ar, 40Ar/39Ar, 14C, etc.) have sufficient resolution to constrain these rates. In concert with geologic mapping, geochemistry, and paleomagnetic constraints, geochronology generates rich data sets on the physical and chemical evolution of volcanic systems. This session solicits contributions dedicated to the high-precision chronology of active volcanic centers.
Conveners: Andrew Calvert, USGS Menlo Park, MS 910 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: (650)329-5276, Fax: (650)329-4664, email: acalvert@usgs.gov, and Brad Singer, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept Geology & Geophysics 1215 West Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706-1692 USA, Tel: (608)265-8650, Fax: (608)262-0693, email: bsinger@geology.wisc.edu

V08 Light Element Geochemistry: Insights Into High-Temperature Processes
New insights into high-temperature processes are being realized because of recent analytical advances in the analyses of trace light elements and their isotopes. Several nontraditional light isotope systems are beginning to mature (e.g., Li, B, Mg, Cl), providing novel data and information about processes as diverse as magmatism, high-T metamorphism, and crust-mantle recycling. In addition, new data for light element partitioning and diffusion provide experimental constraints on the mechanisms and rates of processes affecting the geochemistry of these elements. This symposium will bring together scientists from diverse backgrounds who are examining high-temperature processes using constraints provided by light element studies. We welcome a range of experimental, petrological, chemical, and isotopic investigations of these elements related to high-temperature Earth processes. We also welcome contributions detailing technical advances in isotopic and abundance measurement of light elements in geological materials.
Conveners: Bill McDonough, University of Maryland, USA, email: mcdonoug@geol.umd.edu, and Craig Lundstrom, Univ. of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, USA, email: lundstro@uiuc.edu, and Adam J.R. Kent, Oregon State University, USA, email: adam.kent@geo.orst.edu

V09 Birth, Growth, and Death of Magmatic Arcs: Comparisons Among Arcs in Different Settings
Subduction initiation, convergence, and melt generation, migration, and emplacement are among the major processes that combine in a myriad of different ways at arcs. When arcs, both modern and ancient, are compared and contrasted, several themes emerge as important controls on arc evolution. These include (1) melt volume; overall amount and processes of internal differentiation; (2) effects of crustal composition on lithospheric strength and deformation partitioning; (3) the role of hydrous phases and fluids in melt generation and composition; (4) vertical displacements and the role of magmatic versus tectonic “loading” during different stages of arc growth; (5) variations in initial crustal architecture; (6) the degree of vertical coupling/decoupling between different crustal levels and what controls this process; and finally (7) What can the magmatic products of volcanoes tell us about the internal workings of arcs? To address arc evolution from different viewpoints, such as the spectrum from petrology to tectonics and from geochonrology to geophysics, we strongly encourage contributions from a wide variety of studies. The session will emphasize the use of different approaches, from field-based research, experiments, and modeling, to help elucidate the variations and similarities between modern and ancient arc systems.
Conveners: Tracy Rushmer, University of Vermont, USA, email: trushmer@zoo.uvm.edu , and Keith Klepeis, University of Vermont, USA, email: kklepeis@zoo.uvm.edu, and Jon P Davidson, University of Durham, GBR, email: J.P.Davidson@durham.ac.uk

V10 Crustal and Mantle Processes in Ophiolites and Ocean Crust Generation
Although the paleotectonic niche occupied by ophiolites is not identical to that of modern ridges, there are clear similarities in terms of processes that encourage cross-fertilization between these two fields. Considerable advances have been made in our understanding of how flour-dimensional observations from ophiolites can be applied to ocean ridge processes. Conversely, structural, petrological, and geochemical data derived from deep drilling and seafloor observations of oceanic crust provide significant constraints on the mode and nature of crustal and mantle processes, resulting in a better understanding of ophiolites. Abstracts that focus on igneous, structural, and metamorphic aspects of this first-order petrogenetic problem are solicited. We encourage researchers from both the ophiolite and marine geology/geophysics communities to contribute to this forum. Possible themes for the mantle aspects include the following: (1) deformation mechanisms and fabric development in the mantle, and links to melt segregation; (2) mechanisms of melt transfer and reaction in the mantle; are melt inclusions faithful records of preaggregation melts? (3) generation of intramantle dunite-chromitite dykes; are they cumulates in open channels, results of percolative reaction, or gas streaming? (4) the role of the Moho and other rheological and density hererogeneities in inhibiting (underplating) or focusing (lateral injection) melt transfer from the mantle. For the plutonic crustal aspects, possible themes include (5) the nature of the ophiolite pseudo-stratigraphy (fractionation or successive underplating and intra-plating?); (6) how deformation is partitioned between crust and mantle, and within the crust; (7) the role of melt in controlling intracrustal deformation; (8) how residual melt aggregates and is transferred within the crust; (9) how the normal faults that dissect the upper, brittle layer, are rooted in the ductile lower crust; and (10) how the nature, geometry, and distribution (i.e., scale, spacing, depth) of faulting differ from slow to fast spreading crust and how these parameters affect hydrothermal processes and the deep biosphere in oceanic lithosphere.
Conveners: Jean Bédard, Natural Resources Canada-Geological Survey of Canada, CAN, email: jbedard@nrcan.gc.ca, and Yildrim Dilek, Miami University, USA, email: dileky@muohio.edu, and Henry J.B. Dick, Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., USA, email: hdick@whoi.edu

V11 Rift Zones on Volcanic Islands: Structure, Evolution, and Magmatic Processes
The objective of this session is to highlight studies about intrusive growth and the origin and evolution of rift zones on large volcanoes. The accumulation of intrusions and eruptive centers along active volcanic rifts may (1) cause deformation at the surface, (2) interact with gravitational spreading, flank instability, and giant landslides, (3) result in hydrothermal and structural barriers, (4) promote lateral migration, accumulation and geochemical diversification of magmas, and (5) be responsible for the shape of volcanoes. Dynamics of magma reservoirs at rift zones may also change and interact with other volcanic, tectonic, and extrinsic processes, while prevolcanic structures and basement constitution may likewise play an important role. Studies about the dynamic and structural significance of rift zones and associated stress and strain, as well as studies about the influence on petrological and geochemical processes, are welcome. Of particular interest are comparisons of new findings to existing models of Hawaii and Iceland. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of this topic, we encourage contributions on all aspects of intrusion and rift zone studies, with particular emphasis on dynamic processes, feedback mechanisms, and petrology.
Conveners: Thomas R. Walter, RSMAS - University of Miami, USA, email: twalter@rsmas.miami.edu, and Andreas KLüGEL, Universität Bremen, DEU, email: akluegel@uni-bremen.de, and Juan Carlos Carracedo, Estación Volcanológica de Canarias IPNA-CSIC, ESP, email: jcarracedo@ipna.csic.es

V12 The Origins of Hot Spots, LIPS, Seamount Chains and Volcanic Ridges
Melt anomalies take many forms, including nearly stationary hot spots such as Hawaii, large igneous provinces (LIPs) such as the Ontong-Java plateau, and small seamount chains or volcanic ridges that migrate rapidly and may have no clear age-progression. Theories for their origins are proliferating, with the traditional plume model now being joined by models involving shallow depths of origin, low temperatures, lithospheric extension, crack propagation, variable mantle fertility, tectonic complexities, gravitational instabilities, and small-scale convection of the upper mantle. Abstracts presented in this cross-disciplinary session will include observations, theory, and models that bear on the structures, processes, causes, and origins of melt anomalies of all types. Case histories of individual volcanic provinces, general theories, and multidisciplinary studies including geophysics, tectonics, petrology, geochemistry, and mantle dynamics are all encouraged.
Conveners: Gillian R Foulger, University of Durham, GBR, email: g.r.foulger@durham.ac.uk, and Dean C Presnall, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, USA, email: presnall@utdallas.edu, and James H Natland, RSMAS Univ. Miami,, USA, email: jnatland@rsmas.miami.edu, and Donald Forsyth, Brown University, USA, email: Donald_Forsyth@BROWN.EDU, and Kathleen E Donnelly, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, USA, email: donnelly@ldeo.columbia.edu, and David Naar, University of South Florida, USA, email: naar@marine.usf.edu

V13 U-series in Continental Environments: Soils, River, and Ground Waters
Over the past few years, there has been considerable interest in understanding the behavior of U-series nuclides in the continental environment including soils, aquifers, rivers, or hydrothermal systems, because these natural radioactive tracers can provide estimates of timescale of weathering and transport. This renewed focus stems in part from the considerable improvement of sensitivity of recent instruments for measuring of low-level nuclides in water samples. This session solicits contributions regarding sampling, data collection, and modeling of U-series nuclides in crustal environments. We hope to improve our understanding of the factors controlling the transport and relative fractionation of U-series as well as to refine geochemical models.
Conveners: Bernard Bourdon, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, FRA, email: bourdon@ipgp.jussieu.fr, and François Chabaux, Université de Strasbourg, FRA, email: fchabaux@illite.u-strasbg.fr, and Don Porcelli, University of Oxford, GBR, email: Don.Porcelli@earth.ox.ac.uk

V14 Modern Trends in Petrography: Textural and Microanalysis of Igneous Rocks
Crystal populations in volcanic and plutonic rocks are complex and often recycled, shedding doubt over many whole rock isotopic geochemical data. The answers to this potential problem lay in detailed petrographic analysis of crystal populations. This session aims to bring together the textural analysis and microanalysis communities in order to share ideas and techniques which are driving the modern trends in petrography. Workers whose interests include textural analysis and quantification of igneous rocks, applications of laser and microdrilling to crystal populations, and modeling of growth and chemical exchange during crystal population evolution are encouraged to submit a contribution. People developing new or applying and refining existing techniques are particularly welcome.
Conveners: Dougal A Jerram, University of Durham, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham, DH1 3LE GBR, email: D.A.Jerram@dur.ac.uk, and Bruce D Marsh, Johns Hopkins University, M. K. Blaustein Dept. Earth & Planetary Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA, email: bmarsh@jhu.edu, and Jon P Davidson, University of Durham, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham, DH1 3LE GBR, email: J.P.Davidson@dur.ac.uk

V15 The First Historical Eruption of Anatahan Volcano, Mariana Islands
The first historical eruption of Anatahan volcano in the Mariana Islands began on 10 May 2003. The eruption has been well documented by satellite observations, several sampling trips, and seismological instrumentation fortuitously installed 4 days prior to the eruption. We encourage the submission of abstracts that discuss the geophysical and volcanological observations of the eruption as well as the geochemistry and petrology of the recently erupted materials. In addition, we welcome abstracts that discuss the implications of these observations for our understanding of geochemical and geodynamical processes associated with Mariana arc volcanism.
Conveners: Doug Wiens, Washington University, Dept of Earth and Planetary Sci., St. Louis, MO 63130 USA, email: doug@seismo.wustl.edu, and Tobias Fischer, University of New Mexico, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Northrop Hall , Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA, email: Fischer@unm.edu, and David Hilton, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Geosciences Research Division, La Jolla, CA USA, email: drhilton@ucsd.edu, and Juan T Camacho, Emergency Management Office, Capital Hill , Saipan, UMI, email: juantcamacho@hotmail.com

V16 Medical Mineralogy
Environmental health problems have traditionally been dealt by medical doctors. However, medical doctors have not been trained to quantitatively characterize toxic minerals. Traditional geoscience, however, is changing its current curriculum. Recently, the American Geological Institute reported that mineralogy is one of the most crucial subjects to solving problems in many scientific fields and to linking geology and medicine, and thus medical mineralogy has come into being. The World Health Organization classified erionite (a zeolite group mineral), chrysotile (a serpentine type asbestos) and tremolite, actinolite, grunerite, riebeckite, and anthophyllite (amphibole type asbestos), and cristobalite (silica group mineral) as human carcinogens. These minerals, when inhaled, taken orally, or on dermatological contact, play major roles in a range of human health problems. To assess the potential toxicity of any of these minerals, quantitative parameters including size, shape, composition, crystal structure, surface structure, surface reactivity, surface area, solubility, durability, tensile strength, porosity, and permeability are important considerations. Together with the quantitative characterization of minerals, exposure data are required before any mineral-induced pathogenesis can be determined. Understanding the possible mechanisms that may induce, or could preclude, unwanted biological responses, and suggesting and evaluating prevention, cure, or remediation from mineral-induced diseases are active areas in medical mineralogy. This session aims to bring together interdisciplinary scientists including mineralogists, biologists, biochemists, medical doctors, pathologists, pharmacists, epidemiologists, and lawyers and will provide an excellent platform to present their results.
Conveners: Ahmet Umran Dogan, University of Iowa, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA, email: umran-dogan@uiowa.edu, and Catherine Skinner, Yale University, , , USA, email: catherine-skinner@yale.edu, and Meral Dogan, Hacettepe University, Department of Geological Engineering, Beytepe, Ankara, TUR, email: medogan@hacettepe.edu.tr, and Haim Kutiel, Haifa University, Department of Geography, Haifa, ISR, email: kutiel@geo.haifa.ac.il

V17 New Frontiers in High-Pressure Research
High-pressure research provides essential data for modeling Earth’s interior and other planetary interiors. It is a fast advancing field with many new techniques developed in the last few years. For example, high-pressure Brillouin scattering, ultrasonic techniques, and nuclear resonant inelastic scattering have enabled new ways, as well as higher precision and accuracy, in measuring elastic properties of Earth materials, especially shear properties that were poorly constrained before. New deformation apparatus have been developed to allow rheology studies to higher and higher pressures and temperatures. New developments have been made in studying properties of liquids at deep Earth conditions, from microscopic (e.g., structure) to macroscopic properties (e.g., density and viscosity). Theoretical simulations are providing increasingly deep insights into understanding and applications of experimental data. These and many other new developments have opened new frontiers in mineral and rock physics. On the other hand, recent developments in seismology, geodynamics, and geomagnetism have pointed out needs of certain high-pressure studies for better understanding of Earth’s interior and other planetary interiors. This session aims at new developments in high-pressure research to important Earth-related problems. We solicit abstracts that report new findings and apply the new data to earth sciences. We especially encourage papers that introduce new techniques, and abstracts from seismology, geodynamics, and geomagnetism that may point to needs for further development and collaboration among various fields.
Conveners: Yanbin Wang, GSECARS, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Tel: 630-252-0425, Fax: 630-252-0436, email: wang@cars.uchicago.edu, and Guoyin Shen, GSECARS, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Tel: 630-252-0429, Fax: 630-252-0436, email: shen@cars.uchicago.edu

V18 State of the Art in Theory of Materials: Methods and Applications
First-principles theory of materials has advanced to address many aspects of all types of materials, including growth, stability, mechanical, electrical, and thermodynamic properties of crystals, composites, ceramics, solid solutions and liquids of metals, semiconductors, insulators, polymers, and their interfaces. A variety of methods have been developed that range in accuracy and speed, making them applicable to the diverse problems stated above. The goal of computational materials research is to develop new understanding of materials in conjunction with experiments, and to develop new tools that will lead to design of materials using theory. The same methods are applicable to materials problems in geophysics and geochemistry, will help to make predictions about the Earth and planets, provide estimates of properties that have not yet been measured in the laboratory, and help us understand mineral and rock behavior. This session will provide insight into current work and development in material physics, and show the use of computational material research in the Earth sciences. We solicit contributions from mineralogy and all fields of geochemistry that use molecular modeling in their work, as a stand-alone tool or in the interpretation or understanding of experimental data.
Conveners: Ronald Cohen, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Rd., N.W., Washington, DC 20015 USA, Tel: 2024788937, Fax: 253-322-2539, email: cohen@gl.ciw.edu, and Gerd Steinle-Neumann, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University Bayreuth, , Bayreuth, 95440 DEU, Tel: 49(0)921-55-3702, Fax: 49(0)921-55-3769, email: G.Steinle-Neumann@uni-bayreuth.de, and Bjoern Winkler, Institut fuer Mineralogie, Abt. Kristallographie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitaet, Senckenberganlage 30, D Frankfurt a. M., 60054 DEU, Tel: +49 69 798 28291, Fax: +49 69 798 22101, email: B.Winkler@kristall.uni-frankfurt.de

Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology also presents jointly with the following Special Sessions:
S07 Crustal Seismic Anisotropy as a Measure of Tectonic Deformation
U03 Recent Infrasound Studies, Phenomena, and Development
B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
B12 From Mantle to Microbe: Ridge2000 Research and Progress
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B25 Aqueous Microbial Geochemistry
GP02 Magnetic Anisotropy and Its Applications
GP10 Magnetic Petrology and its Applications to Tectonics, Remote Sensing, and the Martian Climate
H01 Quantifying Rates of Geomorphic Processes
H13 Interactions Between Fluids and Fractures
P07 The Surface Composition of Mars: An Integrated Picture From Orbital, Telescopic, and in Situ Observations
S06 New Views of Seismic Hazard in Cascadia
S11 The African Superswell Province: From Core to Crust
S15 Mechanical Strength of the Continental Lithosphere
S17 Theories of Earth's Interior
T10 Structure and Dynamics of Oceanic Upper Mantle
T05 Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Processes and Progress
T13 Drilling at the Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O)
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
T17 The Structure and Physical Properties of Grain Boundaries in Rocks
A14 A Quarter Century of Satellite Measurements by TOMS
NG01 Visualization, Analysis, and Distributed Computing in Nonlinear Geosciences
T14 New Views of the Structure and Composition of the Deep Earth
T16 Heat Sources in the Core

Atmospheric and Space Electricity

AE00 General Atmospheric and Space Electricity Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Atmospheric and Space Electricity may be submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of the approved, preorganized Atmospheric and Space Electricity sessions. General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received. Atmospheric and Space Electricity plays a central role in attracting plasma physicists, space scientists, and middle-atmosphere experts as well as traditional atmospheric electricity researchers. Topics covered by the area of atmospheric and space electricity include (but are not limited to) all aspects of the lightning discharge (naturally occurring or artificially initiated), the spatial and temporal distributions of lightning activity, the electrical properties of storms, the mechanisms by which storms become electrified (including laboratory and numerical simulations), lightning effects on the chemistry of the atmosphere, the global circuit of atmospheric electricity, and all aspects of the electrical, mechanical, and chemical effects of thunderstorm activity on middle and upper atmosphere. Any contributions relevant in any area over the full spectrum of the Atmospheric and Space Electricity may be submitted to this series of the sessions. Accepted contributions will be organized into appropriate topical sessions.
Conveners: Dennis J. Boccippio, NASA MSFC, 804 Wells Ave., Huntsville, AL 35801 USA, Tel: 256-539-8406, email: Dennis.Boccippio@nasa.gov

AE01 Advances in Lightning and Atmospheric Electricity Remote Sensing Systems and Algorithms
The capabilities of lightning remote sensing systems and algorithms have arguably undergone a "sea change" in recent years, spurred by advances in technology, computer processing power, numerical model fidelity, and the availability of systematic concurrent ground-and satellite-based measurements. Examples of technological advances include, but are not limited to, real-time VHF time of arrival and interferometric networks, serial sounding capabilities, integrated long-range detection systems, orbital optical and RF lightning detection sensors, and thunderstorm numerical models with explicit electrification. Abstracts in this session are solicited which demonstrate or describe new remote sensing or modeling capabilities, present or validate new retrieval or solution algorithms, or demonstrate validation or calibration of remote sensing systems. Abstracts are also solicited which demonstrate applications enabled by newly available data sets, integrated data set applications (e.g., radar/lightning or satellite/lightning), or operational algorithms of societal interest (e.g., weather forecasting) enabled by new lightning remote sensing systems.
Conveners: Dennis J Boccippio, NASA / MSFC, SD-60, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA, Tel: 256 961-7909, Fax: 256 961-7979, email: Dennis.Boccippio@nasa.gov, and Martin Murphy, Vaisala, Inc., 2705 E. Medina Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706 USA, Tel: 520-806-7458, Fax: 520-741-2848, email: Martin.Murphy@vaisala.com

AE02 The Physics of Lightning and Storm Electrification
The processes which underlie thunderstorm electrification and lightning formation, occurrence, and physical characteristics continue to be an area of active research and vigorous debate. Detailed understanding of the microphysical and storm-scale process physics which lead to lightning are critical to many applications in modeling, forecasting, and atmospheric chemistry. Abstracts in this session are solicited which focus on laboratory, observational, or modeling studies of storm electrification and light