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Full Detail Approved Session Listing
Designators for approved sessions belong to the lead section or
focus group abbreviation (i.e., A01 denotes Atmospheric Sciences, P01
denotes Planetary Sciences, etc.) Additionally, approved sessions are
listed under all sections or focus groups who have agreed to cosponsor
particular sessions. These sessions are listed after the section and
focus group primary listing but with the lead section designation. Some
technical committees have elected to only cosponsor sessions.
Union
U01 Health, Air Pollution, and Climate
Air pollution contributes to mortality and respiratory disease
worldwide, with developing countries often at highest risk. The World
Health Organization estimates that between 1.4 and 6 million people die
each year from air pollution, and in some populations up to 30% of all
respiratory disease may be linked to air pollution. As the climate
changes, increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are
expected to yield new health challenges and may worsen existing risks.
This session will address health impacts of air pollution and linkages
between public health and climate change. Increasingly, health-driven
projects are employing state-of-the-art modeling and measurement
methodologies. We aim to bring together researchers engaged in applying
atmospheric science to health issues, engaging a broad cross section of
researchers from both developed and developing countries. Abstracts are
solicited that address quantitative assessment methodologies for
understanding the connections between health, air pollution, and
climate. We intend for presentations to reflect research from the areas
of atmospheric chemistry, climate change, public health, and public
policy, especially where these fields overlap to address health impacts.
Conveners: Tracey Holloway, Gaylord Nelson Institute for
Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Earth Institute,
Columbia University 2960 Broadway Hogan Hall, B-16, New York, NY 10027
USA, Tel: 212 854 9934, Fax: 212 854 6309, email: th2024@columbia.edu,
and Galen McKinley, Instituto Nacional de Ecología, Periferico
5000, piso 4 Colonia Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Mexico, DF 04530 MEX, Tel:
(5255) 5424 5402, Fax: (5255) 5424 5404, email: galen@alum.mit.edu
U02 The Contributions of 20 Years of Scientific
Ocean Drilling
The year 2003 marks 20 years of scientific ocean drilling through the
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), which has been widely hailed as perhaps
the most successful example of international cooperation in all of
geosciences and has resulted in important scientific advances in nearly
all subfields of marine geology and geophysics. This year also heralds
the formal beginning of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), an
even more ambitious international program that will utilize a range of
drilling platforms for scientific ocean drilling throughout the world's
ocean basins. This session will celebrate the scientific contributions
of scientific ocean drilling through the full range of geoscience
themes. We particularly solicit abstracts that (1) synthesize
interdisciplinary, thematic, or regional results over multiple
expeditions, or (2) present historical perspectives on contributions of
scientific ocean drilling from DSDP through ODP with an eye to the
future contributions of IODP. We also encourage submission of abstracts
that relate to the major findings of scientific ocean drilling,
including (but not limited to) the evidence for climate change, both
abrupt and long-term; the record of sea-level change; microbial
presence and processes in the ocean sediments and crust; the nature of
oceanic crust; subduction processes; and fluid flow in oceanic crust
and sediments and in subduction settings.
Conveners: Keir Becker, University of Miami - RSMAS, 4600
Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA, Tel: 1-305-361-4661, Fax:
1-305-361-4632, email: kbecker@rsmas.miami.edu, and Nicklas Pisias,
COAS, Oregon State University, , Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel:
1-541-737-5213, Fax: 1-541-737-2064, email: npisias@coas.oregonstate.edu
U03 Recent Infrasound Studies, Phenomena, and
Development
Volcanologists, seismologists, and atmospheric physicists all have used
infrasound (<20 Hz atmospheric acoustic waves) to infer
characteristics of significant phenomena. Instrumenting, acquiring, and
interpreting infrasound signals from natural and man-made activity
requires an understanding of how significant phenomena generate
long-period sound waves, how these waves propagate through the turbulent
atmosphere, and how they can be clearly recorded despite high levels of
wind and turbulent noise. The objective of this session is to discuss
and present recent advances in the study of these sound waves for the
purposes of better understanding source phenomenology and the structure
of Earth's atmosphere.
Conveners: Chris Hayward, Department of Geological Sciences,
Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750395, Dallas, TX 75275-0395 USA,
Tel: 1 214 768-3031, Fax: 1 214 768-4291, email: hayward@smu.edu, and
Michael Andrew Huvud Hedlin, Laboratory for Atmospheric Acoustics,
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive,
La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA, Tel: 1 858 534-8773, Fax: 1 858 534-6354,
email: hedlin@ucsd.edu
U04 New Advances in Data and Service Access for
Support of Science Research and Decision Support (POSTER)
This session focuses on new advances related to making diverse data
usable and available to space and Earth science researchers and decision
makers. It includes all aspects of the end-to-end data and service flow,
from data organization to decision support systems. Topics also include
standards, modeling, metadata, interoperability, and tool reuse.
Conveners: Robin Pfister, Mail Code 423, NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301 614 5171, Fax: 301
614 5267, email: robin.g.pfister@nasa.gov, and Richard Ullman, Mail
Code 423, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA,
Tel: 301 614 5228, Fax: 301 614 5267, email: richard.ullman@nasa.gov
U05 Earth's Collapsing Dipole
Earth's dipole moment has been decreasing at a rate of approximately
10% in the last 150 years, continuing a downward trend that has
persisted over the last 4000 years. The trend has far-reaching
implications, ranging from the potential for continued and more
extensive satellite radiation damage, to the speculation that the field
is heading toward reversal. Large changes in Earth's field may generate
corresponding changes in structure of the magnetosphere and ionosphere.
Atmospheric changes are known to result from present-day and historical
variations in solar activity and might be responsible for accompanying
climate changes. The presence or absence of a magnetic field plays an
important role in planetary atmospheric conditions, with significant
geochemical consequences. The goal of this session is to draw together
observations and theoretical and computation studies from a range of
geophysical disciplines to understand the nature and implications of
this remarkable decrease in dipole intensity.
Conveners: John Tarduno, Department of Earth and Environmental
Sciences, University of Rochester, 227 Hutchison Hall, Rochester, NY
14627 USA, Tel: 585 275 5713, Fax: 585 244 5689, email:
john@earth.rochester.edu, and Catherine Constable, Institute of
Geophysics and Planetary Physics, SIO, University of California San
Diego, , La Jolla, CA 92093 USA, Tel: 858 534 3183, Fax: 858 534 8090,
email: cconstable@ucsd.edu, and Charles M. Jackman, NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center, MC 926, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001 USA, Tel: (301)614-6053,
Fax: (301)614-5903, email: jackman@assess.gsfc.nasa.gov, and Eigil
Friis-Christensen, Danish Space Research Institute, Juliane Maries Vej
30, Copenhagen, DK-2100 DNK, Tel: (+45) 3532 5707, email: efc@dsri.dk
U06 Virtual Observatories in Space and Earth
Sciences
Progress during the next era in Earth and space science will benefit
from an integrated data environment. That integrated data environment
should ideally offer easy and simultaneous access to multiple sources of
high-quality observations, long-term geophysical records, model output,
and data services across traditional discipline boundaries as well as
enable the use of tools that enable the use of those data. The ready
availability of cheap, powerful microprocessors means that we can
revisit the concept of a data "archive": We can form "virtual
observatories" that enable users, in principle, to meet many of their
data requirements through one interface. Within the AGU community, there
are many approaches to addressing all or part of the virtual observatory
concept. We solicit abstracts from science users, information
technologists, and current service providers to (1) highlight
achievements and lessons learned from current systems and services, (2)
identify the scientific, technical, and programmatic data challenges
facing the Earth and space science community, and (3) describe emerging
architectural and technical solutions.
Conveners: Larry Paxton, The Johns Hopkins University Applied
Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA, Tel:
240 228 6871, Fax: 240 228 6670, email: larry.paxton@jhuapl.edu, and
Peter C. Cornillon, Univ Rhode IslandGraduate School Oceanography, ,
Narragansett, RI 02882 USA, Tel: 401 874 6283, Fax: 401 874 6702, email:
pcornillon@gso.uri.edu, and Tim Ahern, IRIS Data Management Center,
1408 NE 45th Street #201, Seattle, WA 98105 USA, Tel: 206 547 0393 x
118, Fax: 206 547 1093, email: tim@iris.washington.edu
U07 Estimating the Consequences of Severe
Geophysical Events
Many geophysical phenomena lead to severe economic, social, and
political consequences. Estimating these consequences requires
understanding not only the geophysics involved, but also the economics,
sociology and politics influenced by the geophysical phenomenon.
Examples range from estimating the economic and social consequences of a
severe earthquake, weather, or climatic event, to assessing global
warming, to estimating the ultimate social and political consequences
resulting from the finiteness of petroleum resources. This session will
explore estimates of consequences as well as emerging estimation
methodologies. Of particular interest will be improving understanding of
what geophysical questions have the most significant influence on the
estimation of consequences. We hope to explore the consequences of
geophysical events and phenomena such as resource finiteness,
earthquakes, meteor impacts, volcanic eruptions, climate change,
hurricanes, severe storms, floods, groundwater contamination, and floods.
Conveners: Amos Nur, Department of Geophysics, Stanford
University, 317 Mitchell Bldg 397 Panama Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA,
Tel: 650 723 9526, Fax: 650 723 1188, email: amos.nur@stanford.edu, and
Robert L. Wesson, U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 966 Box 25046,
Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303 273 8524, Fax: 303 273 8600, email:
rwesson@usgs.gov
U08 The Core-Mantle Boundary: Theoretical,
Experimental, and Observational Constraints
Rapid progress is being made in understanding the state, history, and
dynamics of the core-mantle boundary (CMB)region. The purpose of this
session is to bring together researchers with different approaches to
discuss recent findings and promote interdisciplinary dialogue. Topics
to be discussed include the following: What is the nature of the
ultralow velocity zone at the base of the lower mantle? What causes
anisotropy in D''? How is angular momentum exchanged across the CMB?
How is matter transferred between the core and mantle, what geochemical
signatures would be expected, and what would this mean for the physical
state and dynamics of D''? Is radiogenic heat production in the core
significant? How do core-mantle fluxes influence mantle convection and
the geodynamo, and vice versa? We encourage contributions from all
relevant fields, including seismology, mineral physics, geochemistry,
geodynamics, geomagnetism, magnetohydrodynamics, and geodesy.
Conveners: James A. Van Orman, Case Western Reserve University,
USA, email: jav12@cwru.edu, and Abby Kavner, UCLA, USA, email:
akavner@igpp.ucla.edu, and Alan D Brandon, NASA/JSC, USA, email:
alan.d.brandon@nasa.gov, and Bruce Buffett, University of British
Columbia, CAN, email: buffett@geop.ubc.ca
U09 Evolution of Biogeochemical Cycles
In the absence of coupled biogeochemical cycles, life (as we know it)
can neither originate nor persist on any planet, yet we do not
understand how biogeochemical cycles develop and evolve. This session
will provide a forum for understanding how biogeochemical cycles evolved
on Earth and how to use that knowledge to search for evidence of past or
present life on other planets and to explore the future of life on
Earth. Although we have detailed knowledge of numerous physicochemical
and biochemical processes, we do not understand how many key metabolic
processes, such as nitrogen fixation, oxygenic photosynthesis, aerobic
respiration, and anaerobic metal and sulfate reduction, coevolved to
form interactive biogeochemical cycles on a planetary scale. At the
heart of this enigma is our ignorance of the rules of biochemical
evolution that govern how energy conversion between coupled chemical
processes evolved to become "living" organisms and of the mechanisms of
the major transformations in the history of both life and the biosphere.
Moreover, on Earth, several biogeochemical cycles have been markedly
altered by human activities over the past 200 years. As we drift
further away from the biogeochemical domain that characterized Earth
prior to human perturbation, we must understand how biogeochemical
cycles interact with each other and other planetary processes to
maintain a habitable planet. This session will encourage dialogue among
scientists with expertise in molecular evolution, microbial ecology,
biogeochemsitry, and planet formation.
Conveners: Paul Falkowski, Institute of Marine and Coastal
Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ
08901-8521 USA, Tel: (732) 932-6555 ext. 370, Fax: (732) 932-4083,
email: falko@imcs.rutgers.edu, and Michael New, NASA, 300 E St., SW,
Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel: (202) 358-1766, Fax: (202) 358-3097,
email: michael.h.new@nasa.gov
U10 Human-Induced Climate Variations Linked to
Urbanization: From Observations to Modeling
The goal of this session is to convene scientists from
interdisciplinary backgrounds to discuss the data, scientific
approaches, and recent results of urban impacts on climate. With the
intent of identifying our current stand and the future direction of
urban study, this session will highlight both remote sensing
observations and modeling capabilities for investigating the changes on
the climate system and its subcomponents induced by human activities in
urban areas, from regional to global scales. Urbanization is one of the
extreme cases of land use change. Currently, urban regions are a
relatively small portion of the land. However, most of the population
of the world is moving to urban areas. By 1995, more than 70% of the
populations of North America and Europe were living in cities. The
United Nations estimates that by 2025, 60% of the world's population
will live in cities. Therefore better understanding f how the
atmosphere-ocean-land-biosphere system responds to human activities in
urban zones is critical. Our understanding of urbanization effects on
climate is incomplete, partly because human activities alter or add
physical processes responsible for possible climate change besides
natural variations, and partly because limited data sets have been
available for studying urban effects globally. Urban construction
changes surface roughness, albedo, heat capacity, and vegetation
coverage. In addition, traffic and industry increase atmospheric
aerosols. It is suggested that urbanization may modify rainfall
processes through aerosol-cloud interactions or dynamic feedbacks.
Because the urbanization effect on climate is determined by many factors
including land cover, the city's microscale features, population
density, and human lifestyle patterns, it is necessary to study urban
areas regionally to globally in order to assess the general features and
extremities of the urban effect. Abstracts are solicited to establish
an interdisciplinary forum combining remote sensing, environmental
science, boundary layer microphysics, numerical modeling (global to
regional), and human dimensions to address questions including (but not
limited to) the following: (1) How does urbanization modify the
climate system, and how can nature respond to such disturbance? (2)
What would be the ranges and extremes of the urban effect? How do we
determine and measure such extremes? (3) How could we generalize or
represent urban modifications in global circulation, numerical weather
prediction, and regional land-atmosphere models? (4) How do urban
areas change local rainfall intensity, distribution, and frequency?
What could the downwind and upwind effects be? How are forcing and
response of urban effects on rainfall represented in numerical models?
(5) What are the changes to aerosol populations and clouds due to human
activities in the urban environment? (6) What are the socioeconomic
impacts of urban-induced climate changes?
Conveners: J. Marshall Shepherd, NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center, , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: (301) 614-6327, email:
Marshall.Shepherd@nasa.gov, and Menglin Jin, Department of
Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, , College Park, MD
20742 USA, Tel: (301)-405-8833, Fax: (301)-314-9482, email:
mjin@atmos.umd.edu
U11 Facilitating Geosciences Research in
Developing Countries (POSTER)
Although many developing countries have been increasing their
investment in scientific research in recent years, their participation
in international scientific activities (attendance at international
meetings, publications in international journals, participation in
international research programs, etc.) is much too low compared with
North America, Europe, Japan, and the Australian region. This session
aims to bring to the attention of the worldwide geosciences community,
key problems encountered by scientists in developing countries when
conducting their research (e.g., funding, access to international
literature, choice of research topics). Identifying the problems may
help mitigate some of them, at least inside the AGU, which includes
among its goals the development of a planet-wide network of members in
geophysical research and the increase in participation in AGU activities
from members traditionally little involved, in particular those from
developing countries. This session encourages the presentation of
current national programs conducted in developing countries, future
research plans in geosciences, as well as joint programs with developed
countries. Particular emphasis on specific problems encountered in these
regions would be of high interest. In addition, presentations dealing
with future plans for local/regional conferences, schools, and
workshops in geophysical sciences, in conjunction with the AGU, will be
also welcome. It is of primary interest that this session serve as a
forum for discussing and identifying, if possible, common problems
encountered in countries involved, for which appropriate practical
solutions may be suggested.
Conveners: Walter D. Gonzalez, Natl Inst Space Research, CP 515,
San Jose dos Campos, SP 12201-970 BRA, Tel: 55-123256793, Fax:
55-123224820, email: gonzalez@dge.inpe.br, and Anny Cazenave,
Laboratoire d'Études en Géophysique et
Océanographie Spatiale LEGOS - GRGS/CNES, Observatoire
Midi-Pyrénées 18 Av. E. Belin, Toulouse, 31400 FRA, Tel:
33 (0) 5 61 33 29 22, Fax: 33 (0) 5 61 25 32 05, email:
anny.cazenave@cnes.fr
U12 Union Tutorials (INVITED ONLY)
These presentations will provide introductory background on the
fundamental scientific concepts of selected topics, and aid in
understanding more technically-detailed papers on the subjects presented
elsewhere at the meeting.
Conveners: Robert Wesson, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 966
Denver Federal Center Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225-0046 USA, Tel:
303-273-8524, email: rwesson@usgs.gov
Atmospheric Sciences
A00 General Atmospheric Sciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Atmospheric Sciences may be
submitted to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit
into one of the approved, preorganized Atmospheric Sciences sessions.
General contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and
sessions will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
The Atmospheric Sciences Section (AS) studies the physics, chemistry,
and dynamics of the atmosphere, particularly in the two layers closest
to Earth's surface (the troposphere and stratosphere). These layers are
crucial to life on earth as they form the atmosphere in contact with the
planet surface; they regulate the planetary surface temperature; play an
integral role in the world's water cycle; and screen the planet from
high-energy radiation. The Section is organized into two subsections:
Atmospheric Chemistry (AC) and Atmospheric Physics and Climate (APC).
Research in AS covers topics such as: in situ homogenous and
heterogenous chemistry, atmospheric physics and dynamics, and modeling
of the lower atmosphere. Along with colleagues in other AGU sections, AS
members are studying global climate change. Much research is focused on
monitoring fluctuations in the ozone layer, aerosols, levels of gases,
and the effects of emissions from human activities such as fossil fuel
and biomass burning. The purpose of much of this research is to develop
a basic understanding of atmospheric processes, that can be used to
help design policies to respond to current or future changes in the
atmosphere and climate. The 1987 Montreal Protocol is one example of
how atmospheric scientists have successfully influenced government
policies for the protection of the environment. This international
agreement phased out the manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons throughout
most of the world.
Conveners: Paul Novelli, NOAA CMDL/R/E CG1, 325 Broadway,
Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-497-6974, Fax: 303-497-6290, email:
pnovelli@cmdl.noaa.gov
A01 Chemistry and Dynamics of the Upper
Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere
The upper troposphere/lower stratosphere is a relatively undersampled
region of the atmosphere where measurements can help resolve many
longstanding issues of Earth's chemistry and climate. This session will
examine some important problems in geosciences that measurements, such
as those from the NASA WB-57F aircraft, have helped to resolve.
Contributions are solicited in the areas of chemistry and dynamics of
the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, including the plumes of
aircraft and rockets; particle microphysics; radionuclides and stable
isotopes; radiative balance; mechanisms of dehydration; and remote
sensing.
Conveners: Daniel James Cziczo, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, 325
Broadway R/AL6 , Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 3034973755, Fax:
3034975373, email: djcziczo@al.noaa.gov, and Martin Ross, Aerospace
Corp., PO Box 929576 M5-615 , Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA, Tel:
3103360360, Fax: 3105368208, email: martin.n.ross@aero.org, and Darin
Toohey, PAOS, The University of Colorado, Stadium 255, Boulder, CO 80309
USA, Tel: 3037350002, Fax: 3037354515, email: toohey@colorado.edu
A02 Biogenic Reactive Trace Compounds and Their
Role in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
The biosphere acts as the largest source and a major sink of reactive
trace gases in the troposphere. Biogenic trace gases affect tropospheric
chemistry, air quality, and the formation of gaseous and particulate
secondary products and thus Earth's climate on a regional and global
scale. Quantitative understanding of the impacts of biogenic emissions
is confined mainly by our limited knowledge regarding the source
strengths of reactive trace gases and their chemical composition, and by
our limited knowledge of the interdependent biological, chemical, and
meteorological processes determining their biosphere-atmosphere
exchange. This session is open to all contributions related to field
studies of reactive trace gas exchange processes at various spatial and
temporal scales, to laboratory and simulation experiments investigating
the role of biogenic compounds in atmospheric chemistry and climate, and
to modeling activities of biosphere-atmosphere exchange and atmospheric
chemistry of biogenic compounds. Abstracts discussing results from
recent multidisciplinary research projects carried out in North America
(e.g., Blodgett Forest, PROPHET), in Amazonia (e.g., LBA) and in Europe
(e.g., ECHO, BEWA) are particularly encouraged. Topics to be addressed
in this session include the influence of environmental parameters on
biogenic emissions and deposition of reactive trace gases; emission
algorithms and their application in emission models;
biosphere-atmosphere exchange processes; upscaling of biogenic
emissions; photochemistry of biogenic VOC and secondary products;
formation of aerosols and organic nitrates from biogenic VOC and their
potential impact on tropospheric photochemistry; and the interdependence
of climate and atmospheric chemistry on biogenic trace gas emissions.
Conveners: Allen H. Goldstein, University of California,
Division of Ecosystem Sciences 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3110
USA, Tel: 510-643-2451, Fax: 510-643-5098, email:
ahg@nature.berkeley.edu, and Ralf Koppmann, Institut fuer Chemie und
Dynamik der Geosphaere, Institut II: Troposphaere Forschungszentrum
Juelich , Juelich, 52425 DEU, Tel: 49-2461-61-5118, Fax:
49-2461-61-8190, email: r.koppmann@fz-juelich.de
A03 Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to Critical
Estuary Habitats: The Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment
(BRACE)
The Bay Region Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE) was held during
May 2002 and was an interdisciplinary field measurement designed to
improve understanding of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to Tampa Bay.
BRACE researchers made a complete suite of chemical and meteorological
measurements from ground stations and an instrumented aircraft. Nutrient
increases can stimulate the growth of phytoplankton and change the
species composition of estuary ecosystems, resulting in poisonous algal
blooms, anoxia, increased turbidity, and the loss of important plant and
animal populations. Estuaries may receive from 20 to 60% of externally
supplied nitrogen from a combination of direct atmospheric deposition
and deposition to the watershed which supplies it. One of the most
important of the Gulf Coast estuaries is Tampa Bay. There has been a
reduction of 72% in the sea grass coverage in Tampa Bay over the last
70 years caused by anthropogenic nitrogen inputs. Twenty-nine percent
of this nitrogen input is estimated to come from direct atmospheric
deposition. The BRACE session will be a forum to present the results of
the field program and promote cooperation, collaboration, and
interdisciplinary connections between the various researchers and
institutions involved in the program. Interdisciplinary research will be
emphasized.
Conveners: Thomas B. Watson, NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, 1750
Foote Drive , Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA, Tel: (208) 526-9397, Fax: (208)
526-2549, email: tom.watson@noaa.gov, and Noreen Poor, University of
South Florida/College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd,
Tampa, FL 33612 USA, Tel: (813) 974-8144, email: npoor@hsc.usf.edu
A04 The Organic Aerosol Component: Impact on
Reactivity, Optical Properties, Hygroscopicity and Cloud-Condensation
Properties
Ambient aerosols can affect many aspects of the Earth’s climate and
chemistry. Particles scatter incident sunlight, are critical in
determining the properties of clouds, and provide surfaces facilitating
multiphase reactions. These effects depend, of course, on aerosol
composition, and much attention has been paid recently to the ubiquitous
and substantial organic fraction in particles. One of the vital
challenges facing researchers is to understand and assess the biogenic
and anthropogenic sources of organic species and their roles in the
formation, growth, and aging of particulate matter. In the atmosphere,
this organic component often exists in internally mixed particles,
sometimes with surface-active organic compounds surrounding aqueous or
inorganic cores. Such coated particles may have significant impacts on
the reactivity, hygroscopicity, and optical properties of the aerosol.
An emphasis will be placed on identifying future laboratory studies and
field measurements necessary to systematically address issues such as
these. Consequently, we would like this session to tell a story about
the role of organic constituents in aerosols by highlighting current
research in the following areas: oxidation of gas-phase and particulate
organics and subsequent particle formation and growth; aerosol
processing through heterogeneous chemistry and photochemistry; optical
properties of internally mixed aerosols; hygroscopicity of and phase
transitions in particles; surface properties, including surface-specific
chemistry and cloud condensation; and comprehensive field observations
of aerosols and cloud droplets.
Conveners: Geoffrey D Smith, University of Georgia, 1001 Cedar
St., Chemistry Building, Athens, GA 30602-2556 USA, Tel: 706-583-0478,
Fax: 706-542-9454, email: gsmith@chem.uga.edu, and Thomas Mentel,
Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre Juelich, ,
Juelich, DEU, Tel: + 49 (0)2461 61 6921, email: t.mentel@fz-juelich.de
A05 2002 New England Air Quality Study
The 2002 New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) was an intensive effort
to investigate the chemical and meteorological factors that contribute
to poor air quality in this region, especially in coastal areas. The
campaign combined efforts of numerous educational institutions as well
as federal, state, and local agencies. Data were collected from an
extensive network of ground sites, from the NOAA research vessel Ronald
H. Brown, and from the DOE G-1 aircraft. Intensive measurements were
taken from 12 July through 10 August, 2002, although many of the ground
stations routinely collect data year-round. This session will focus on
results from the mid-July to mid-August period of the 2002 NEAQS;
however, abstracts are solicited on all aspects of air quality in
coastal areas.
Conveners: Eric Williams, NOAA/Aeronomy Lab. & CIRES/Univ.
of Colorado, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 303/497-3226,
Fax: 303/497-5126, email: eric@al.noaa.gov, and Bob Talbot, Institute
for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Morse Hall University of New
Hampshire 39 College Road, Durham, NH 03824 USA, Tel: 603/862-0322, Fax:
603/862-1915, email: rwt@christa.unh.edu, and Tim Bates, NOAA/Pacific
Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA
98115 USA, Tel: 206/526-6248, Fax: 206/526-6744, email:
tim.bates@noaa.gov
A06 Comparative Photochemical Modeling of Earth
and Planetary Atmospheres
Atmospheric photochemistry on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Venus,
Earth, Mars, Io, Titan, Triton, and Pluto was reviewed in Yung and
DeMore's [1999] book “Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres.” The
authors summarized the chemical cycles that control the present
composition and past history of these atmospheres. This session focuses
on recent advances in photochemical modeling of planetary atmospheres.
This comparative approach may aid studies of planetary evolution and
astrobiological potential for planets in our solar and extrasolar
systems.
Conveners: Yuk L. Yung, California Institute of Technology,
Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences 1200 E. California Blvd.,
Pasadena, CA 91125 USA, Tel: 626-395-6940, Fax: 626-585-1917, email:
yly@mercu1.gps.caltech.edu, and G. Randall Gladstone, Southwest Research
Institute, Instrumentation and Space Research Division 6220 Culebra
Rd., San Antonio, TX 78238 USA, Tel: 210-522-3581, Fax: 210-543-0052,
email: rgladstone@swri.edu
A07 Contributions to Middle Atmosphere Science
by Solar Occultation Instrumentation
Since the late 1970s a series of international instruments have
employed solar occultation to measure profiles of aerosol extinction,
ozone, and other gases from the middle troposphere through the
mesosphere. These instruments include the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas
Experiment series (SAGE; 1979-present), the Halogen Occultation
Experiment (HALOE; 1991-present), the Polar Ozone and Aerosol
Measurement series (POAM; 1993-1996, 1998-present), and the Improved
Limb Atmospheric Sounder (ILAS; 1996-1997). These instruments have
provided insight to key climate change issues including long-term ozone
and water vapor trends in the stratosphere, the effect of volcanic
eruptions on climate, and processes in and around the Arctic and
Antarctic vortices. The prominent role of solar occultation instruments
in middle atmospheric science is assured by the new instruments that
have been recently launched or will be launched shortly. These include
SAGE III (2002), ILAS II (2002), Scanning Imaging Absorption
Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY; 2002), and
Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment/Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in
the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (ACE/MAESTRO;
summer 2003). In this session, we seek contributions that highlight the
scientific applications of data from solar occultation instruments and
ones that highlight the capabilities of newly launched instruments.
Conveners: Larry W Thomason, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail
Stop 475, Hampton, VA 23681 USA, Tel: 757 864 6842, Fax: 757 864 2671,
email: l.w.thomason@nasa.gov, and Philip L. DeCola, NASA Headquarters,
Code YS, Washington, DC 20546 USA, Tel: 202-358-0768, Fax: 202-358-2770,
email: pdecola@hq.nasa.gov, and Richard Bevilacqua, Naval Research
Laboratory, Code 7220, Washington, DC 20375-5320 USA, Tel:
202-767-0768, Fax: 202-767-7885, email: bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil
A08 Results From the SOLVE II/VINTERSOL Mission
The Sage III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment II (SOLVE II) took
place in January and Feburary 2003 in conjunction with the European
VINTERSOL campaign. This session highlights the results of these winter
campaigns to study the polar vortex and the polar ozone layer and to
help validate SAGE III data.
Conveners: Mark R Schoeberl, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,
Code 916 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: 301-614-6002, Fax:
301-614-5903, email: Mark.R.Schoeberl@nasa.gov, and Lamont R Poole,
NASA/Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 435 NASA Langley Research
Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA, Tel: 757-864-2689, Fax: 757-864-7775,
email: l.r.poole@larc.nasa.gov
A09 Tropical Cirrus Anvils: Properties and
Processes
This session will cover tropical anvil and in situ cirrus physical
properties (e.g., ice crystal sizes and shapes, cloud structure,
evolution), physical processes controlling cirrus formation and life
cycle (e.g., dynamics, droplet activation, and ice nucleation in deep
convection; and microphysical, dynamical, and radiative processes in the
anvils), and the effects of tropical cumulonimbus-anvil systems on
upper tropospheric water, lower stratospheric water, and radiative
fluxes. In particular, we solicit results from the recent Cirrus
Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area
Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE).
Conveners: Eric Jensen, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4 ,
Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650-604-4392, Fax: 650-604-3625,
email: ejensen@sky.arc.nasa.gov, and Donald E Anderson, NASA
Headquarters, Code YS NASA HQ, Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA, Tel:
202-358-1432, Fax: 202-358-2770, email: danders1@hq.nasa.gov
A10 Effects of Biomass Burning Plumes on the
Troposphere and Stratosphere
The injection of biomass burning plumes, especially from boreal forest
fires, into the troposphere and lower stratosphere poses many challenges
to atmospheric research. In this session we encourage abstracts of the
latest research on the following topics: (1) detection, frequency,
maximum altitude and geographic distribution of such events and their
importance for global budgets; (2) in situ and remote sensing
measurements of composition, and air quality aspects; (3) long-range
transport of the plumes, and radiative forcing and other implications;
(4) details of high altitude lofting and injection processes, what is
the role of the fires?, and what are the similarities/distinctions with
volcanic eruptive processes?; and (5) the impact of the plumes on
atmospheric chemistry.
Conveners: Hans-Jürg Jost, BAER Institute, NASA Ames
Research Center MS 245-5 , Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650 604
0697, Fax: 650 604 3625, email: hjost@mail.arc.nasa.gov, and Mike
Fromm, Computational Physics, Inc., 8001 Braddock Rd. Suite 210,
Springfield, VA 22151 USA, Tel: (202) 404 1389, email:
mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil, and Katja Drdla, NASA Ames Research Center,
MS 245-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA, email: katja@katja.arc.nasa.gov
A11 Integrating Aerosol Measurements and Models
Major uncertainties in chemistry and climate models concern the
representation of the source, composition, size, shape, and spatial
distribution of aerosols. Information on the size, chemical composition,
and optical properties of aerosols is critical to accurately assessing
their respective impact. New aerosol data that become available from
recent large international field studies (INDOEX, ACE-Asia) as well as
from new satellite sensors (MODIS, MISR) and recent advances in aerosol
measurements (e.g., single particle analysis, such as that carried out
with single particle mass spectrometers (e.g., ATOFMS, PALMS), aerosol
mass spectrometry (AMS), fast response PILS, etc.) are providing unique
and detailed information on the composition of aerosol. The purpose of
this session is to provide a forum for measurers and modelers to
discuss ways to bridge the newer state-of-the-art aerosol measurements
with models. The goal of this session is to present abstracts showing
the current state of measurements and models. We hope to address how
the measurements are fitting in with the models, and what the modelers
can do and need from the measurement side. It is critical to bring
these two groups together so they can begin bridging the gap between
measurements and modeling, and the combined strengths of the two can
yield a better fundamental knowledge of tropospheric aerosols.
Conveners: Kimberly A. Prather, U.C. San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr.
Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92024-0314 USA, Tel: 858-822-5312, email:
kprather@ucsd.edu, and Gregory R. Carmichael, University of Iowa, Karl
Kammermeyer Professor of Chemical Engineering Co-Director, Center for
Global and Regional Environmental Research Associate Dean for Research
and Graduate Studies 428 IATL, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA, Tel:
319/335-3332, Fax: 319/335-3337, email: gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu,
and Joyce Penner, University of Michigan, Dept. of Atmos., Ocean and
Space Studies University of Michigan 2455 hayward, Ann Arbor, MI
48109-2143 USA, Tel: 734-936-0519, Fax: 734-764-5137, email:
penner@umich.edu, and Stefan Kinne, Max-Planck Inst. for Meterology,
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology Bunderstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg,
DEU, Tel: 011-49-40-41173-383, Fax: 011-49-40-1173-298, email:
kinne@dkrz.de
A12 Isotopic Constraints on Global Budgets of
Atmospheric Gases
Isotopic ratio measurements help constrain the magnitudes and locations
of sources and sinks by adding additional tracers that are closely
linked by source and sink processes. This session is intended to be an
overview of the current state of the application of isotopic tracers to
global budgets of atmospheric gases. Atmospheric isotopic measurements
have been applied to a wide variety of molecules of interest to both the
atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycling communities. Although
the applications are diverse, there are many issues surrounding both
measurements and their interpretation that are common to all. We
encourage contributions dealing with measurements, measurement
techniques, and modeling of isotopic ratios of atmospheric species on
large spatial scales.
Conveners: John B Miller, University of Colorado, Boulder,
R/CMDL 1 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA, email:
john.b.miller@noaa.gov, and Thomas Roeckmann, Max Planck Institut fur
Kernphsyik, DEU, email: Thomas.Roeckmann@mpi-hd.mpg.de
A13 The Aura Mission to Study Chemistry and
Climate
The Aura spacecraft will be launched into orbit at the end of January
2004. This session will feature invited talks on the science goals,
measurements and validation activities associated with the the Aura
mission. Talks by the instrument PIs will set the stage for the
contributed abstracts on the algorithms, validation flight plans, and
opportunities for AGU scientists to participate in this mission
Conveners: Mark R. Schoeberl, NASA/GSFC, Code 916 NASA/GSFC,
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, email: Mark.R.Schoeberl@nasa.gov, and Anne
Douglass, NASA/GSFC, Code 916 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, email:
douglass@carioca.gsfc.nasa.gov
A14 A Quarter Century of Satellite Measurements
by TOMS
The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) was originally launched on
Nimbus 7 in 1978 to map the meteorological variability of the total
column content of ozone. The instrument lasted more than 14 years in
orbit, and its successors are still making measurements today. Analysis
of the solar ultraviolet radiation backscattered from the Earth has gone
well beyond the original measurements of ozone. We routinely derive
aerosol properties from TOMS that show desert dust and biomass burning
signatures over both land and ocean. The TOMS measurements are used to
derive a daily measure of surface ultraviolet radiation. TOMS
reflectivity measurements in the UV identify changes in cloud cover and
radiation reflected to space. After volcanic eruptions, TOMS measures
the signal of sulfur dioxide in the plume, allowing the identification
and quantification of the total release from volcanoes worldwide. For
all of these measurements we now have a 25-year record that serves as a
baseline for current and future studies of decadal climate variability.
Abstracts are solicited on the following topics: long-term ozone
measurements by TOMS, ozone mapping and variability using TOMS
measurements, aerosol measurements by TOMS, UV radiation measurements by
TOMS, volcanic SO^2 measurements by TOMS, use of TOMS measurements
combined with measurements by other satellites, derivation of
tropospheric ozone using TOMS, comparison of TOMS measurements to
ground-based measurements, and use of TOMS measurements to test
atmospheric models.
Conveners: Richard S Stolarski, NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center, Mail Code 916 Greenbelt Road , Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel:
301-614-5982, Fax: 301-614-5903, email: stolar@polska.gsfc.nasa.gov, and
Jack A Kaye, NASA Headquarters, Code YSM , Washington, DC 20546-0001
USA, Tel: 202-358-0757, Fax: 202-358-2770, email: Jack.A.Kaye@nasa.gov,
and Arlin Krueger, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 100
Hilltop Circle , Baltimore, MD 21250 USA, email: akrueger@umbc.edu
A15 Ocean/Atmospheric Modeling
The Department of Defense (DOD) High Performance Computing
Modernization Program supports several large DOD Challenge Projects in
the area of ocean and atmospheric modeling. DOD researchers model
global, regional, and littoral ocean environments to provide accurate
ocean forecasting methods for DOD operational units. In addition,
coupling between atmospheric, ocean, and sea ice models is being
actively investigated. This session will present works by DOD
computational scientists in these areas. Workers studying other aspects
of atmospheric and oceanic modeling are encouraged to submit abstracts
to this session.
Conveners: Larry Davis, DOD High Performance Modernization
Program, 101010 North Glebe Road, Suite 510, Arlington, VA 22201 USA,
Tel: 703-812-8205, Fax: 703-812-9701, email: larryd@hpcmo.hpc.mil, and
Alan Wallcraft, Naval Research Laboratory, (Code 7323), Stennis Space
Center, MS 39529 USA, Tel: 228-688-4813, Fax: 228-688-4759, email:
Alan.Wallcraft@nrlssc.navy.mil
A16 Use of Inverse Modeling for Constraining Global Budgets of
Atmospheric Trace Gases
Inverse modeling methods allow for the estimation of surface fluxes of
trace gases based on atmospheric measurements and other available
information. As such, inverse modeling can constrain the global and
regional budgets of radiatively or chemically important gases such as CO2,
CH4, CO, N2O, and SF6, which is critical to the design of effective
emissions management policies. A variety of optimization methods,
transport models, observation network configurations, and levels of spatial
and temporal resolution are currently being explored. The aim is to make
optimal use of limited network data and/or current and future satellite data.
This session explores the ability of existing approaches to estimate fluxes
at various scales, to deal with small- scale variability in available
measurements and to address unanswered questions outlined by the North
American Carbon Program (NACP) and the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) pertaining to atmospheric trace gas budgets.
Conveners:
Anna M. Michalak,
NOAA Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory,
Mailcode R/CMDL1,
325 Broadway,
Boulder, CO 80305-3328,
Tel: 303-497-4568,
Anna.Michalak@noaa.gov,
Wouter Peters,
NOAA Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory,
Mailcode R/CMDL1,
325 Broadway,
Boulder, CO 80305-3328,
Tel: 303-497-4556,
Wouter.Peters@noaa.gov, and
Pieter P. Tans,
NOAA Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory,
Mailcode R/CMDL1,
325 Broadway,
Boulder, CO 80305-3328,
Tel: 303-497-6678,
Pieter.Tans@noaa.gov
Atmospheric Sciences also presents jointly with the following
Special Sessions:
H28 Observations and Modeling of Land Surface
Hydrological Processes
P01 Geological Evidence for Recent Climate Change on Mars
PP13 Rapid Climate Change during the Holocene and Last
Glacial
B01 Disturbance, Climate, and Management Impacts on
Carbon Budgets of Forested Ecosystems
B02 Soil Carbon Changes With Biomass Removal
B03 The Relationship Between Biological Productivity and
Terrestrial Carbon Storage
B06 The Utilization of Compound Specific Analysis in
Biogeochemistry
B11 Environmental Assessment From the Width, Anatomy,
and Chemical Composition of Tree Rings
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes, Minerals, and
Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
B14 Estimating Terrestrial Carbon, Water, and Energy
Fluxes From Site to Region
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other Biogeochemical
Cycles
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition on
Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions,
Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With Flux
Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
G01 Advanced Tropospheric Sensing Methods and Accuracy
of Tropospheric Information Determined by Space Geodetic Techniques
G07 Geocenter: Reference Frame Definition and Influence
of Geophysical Fluids
G08 Use of Observations and Models of the Atmosphere and
Oceans in Geodesy and Geodynamics
H19 Observations and Theoretical and Numerical Studies
of Land Surface Heterogeneities on Land-Atmosphere Modeling (POSTER)
H20 Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP)
H21 Use of Artificial Intelligence Methods in
Geosciences (POSTER)
H35 Early Results From NASA's EOS Aqua Spacecraft Mission
OS06 The Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations, Past,
Present, and Future
OS07 Beyond Hydrate Ridge: Studies of Natural Gas
Hydrate From Around the Globe
P06 Science Rationale for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter
Mission
PP07 Evolution of the Antarctic Climate System:
Modeling and Observation
PP10 The Last Interglacial
PP11 Global, Hemispheric and Regional Climate Signals
During the Last Millennium
PP12 Evolution of Earth's Greenhouse Effect
SA01 Energy and Momentum Balance in the Mesosphere and
Lower Thermosphere: Results From the TIMED Mission
V06 Volcanic Emissions to the Troposphere: Fluxes,
Feedbacks, Impacts
AE01 Advances in Lightning and Atmospheric Electricity
Remote Sensing Systems and Algorithms
AE02 The Physics of Lightning and Storm Electrification
AE03 Lightning, Meteorology and Climate
AE04 Electrical Effects of Thunderstorms on the Middle
and Upper Atmosphere
C12 NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite
(ICESat) Mission: Scientific and Technological Achievements
C01 The Roles of Permafrost in Climate Change: Archive,
Translator, and Facilitator
C09 Glacier-Climate Interactions
GC02 Rates of Change in the Earth System
NG02 Scaling in Our Fluid Earth: Chaos and
Multifractals in the Atmosphere, Cceans, Hydrology, and Climate
H37 Designing a Network of Hydrologic Observatories
(INVITED ONLY)
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth Environments
B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic Composition of
the Atmosphere
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators of
Ecosystem Change
B26 Land Use Impacts on Trace Gas Exchanges: BATREX
Contribution to New Global Change Science Agenda
H34 Use of Remotely Sensed Boundary Conditions in Land
Surface Modeling
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in North
America
PP05 ITCZ Dynamics of Past Climates
Biogeosciences
B00 General Biogeosciences Contributions
Contributions on any topic related to Biogeosciences may be submitted
to this session, particularly if your abstract does not fit into one of
the approved, preorganized Biogeosciences sessions. General
contributions will be reviewed by the Program Committee and sessions
will be formed based on the content of the abstracts received.
Biogeosciences emphasizes linkages between biological sciences and
geophysical sciences fundamental to study of the Earth and other
planets. Research areas within the section include biogeochemistry,
biogeophysics, astrobiology, and planetary ecosystem science. Those
interested in advancing the understanding of coupled biological and
geophysical processes and phenomenon in emerging research areas in
biology, ecology and earth and planetary science should submit general
contributions. Some examples of such processes include, but are not
limited to: biosphere-atmosphere-climate interactions, nutrient cycles
and their interactions and feedbacks to abiotic processes, effects of
stream flow patterns on aquatic biodiversity, extinction events in Earth
history and existence of life under extreme conditions on Earth or other
planets.
Conveners: Mary Voytek, U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise
Valley Dr. MS 430, Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703-648-6894, Fax:
703-648-5484, email: mavoytek@usgs.gov
B01 Disturbance, Climate, and Management
Impacts on Carbon Budgets of Forested Ecosystems
The net exchange of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the
atmosphere is regulated by complex interactions between climate,
disturbance history (including land use), vegetation physiology, and
soil processes. The temporal scales of importance to these interactions
span at least 5 orders of magnitude: from the rapid response of
biochemical components, to seasonal dynamics of the water budget, to
interannual dynamics of allocation and growth, to decadal effects of
climate variability on species composition and disturbance regimes, to
the integrated effects of all these factors on centennial dynamics of
soil organic matter and woody biomass. Land use of woodland and
forested ecosystems include logging of large trees, overgrazing, and
fire suppression, and the variation among woody ecosystems is much too
great for a single treatment to be appropriate everywhere. The
integration of field observations, remote sensing, and ecosystem
modeling will be key to understanding the trajectories of change in
northern ecosystems over time. This session will focus on multiple
interacting factors that contribute to complex mosaics of woodland and
forested ecosystems including, but not limited to, climate variability,
land use and management practices, and disturbance regimes. We
encourage submissions that highlight the innovative and creative
integration of modeling, remote sensing, and field observations toward
understanding biogeochemical cycling in woody ecosystems across
climatic, disturbance, and management gradients.
Conveners: Kathy A Hibbard, Oregon State University, Department
of Forest Science , Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 541.737.8021, Fax:
541.737.1393, email: kathy.hibbard@oregonstate.edu, and Mike Apps,
Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre 506 West Burnside Road
, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5 CAN, Fax: 250.363.0775, email: mapps@nrcan.gc.ca
B02 Soil Carbon Changes With Biomass Removal
There is a drive to produce more bioenergy products (both as biofuels
and also direct burning of biomass). In many agriculture systems, there
is biomass left after removal of grains. In the past this was burned in
the fields and a great deal was left in the fields to help prevent
winds and water erosion. Even when fields were tilled, legislation
implemented by the U.S. Congress in Farm Bill programs requires that at
least 30 percent ground cover remain. There is also more minimum or
zero tillage now being practiced. Farmers and land mangers are always
looking for new ways to improve the bottom line, and one method is to
sell the aboveground biomass they produce. But to maintain soil quality
and agriculture stability, we need to leave some residue behind to
replenish the soil. ARS-DOE has a large project to look at biomass
removal with one of the crops such as switchgrass and corn. With
switchgrass you have a sod cover, and this protects the soil, but with
crops like corn there is not a lot of cover when the biomass is removed.
We need to understand the effects of such biomass on the soil and the
processes that go on in the soil (microbial changes, leaching, nutrient
supplying, etc.). Forest lands and lands upon which rapidly growing
trees are produced are also a potential source of biomass fuel. We are
very interested in submissions related to this topic that will help in
understanding the effects of biomass removal and the effects on soil
carbon.
Conveners: Ron Follett, USDA-ARS, Federal Building, Room 424
PO Box E , Fort Collins, CO 80525 USA, Tel: 9704908220, Fax: 9704908213,
email: rfollett@lamar.colostate.edu, and John Kimble, USDA-NRCS, Fed.
Bldg. Room 152, MS 34 100 Centennial Mall North , Lincoln, NE
68508-3866 USA, Tel: 402 437 5376, Fax: 402 437 5336, email:
john.kimble@usda.gov
B03 The Relationship Between Biological
Productivity and Terrestrial Carbon Storage
It is often assumed that there is a relationship between biological
productivity and carbon storage, but high rates of sequestration can be
documented in areas with widely different NPP. Inverse modeling results
and eddy flux observations suggest that many terrestrial ecosystems are
sequestering a surprisingly high proportion of their NPP, at levels
expected for young or recently disturbed systems. Environmental controls
over the proportion of NPP sequestered are diverse. For example, boreal
wetlands may store a high proportion of generally low NPP, where
grassland and cropland systems store a low fraction of often high NPP.
Within forests, the relationship between NPP and sequestration depends
critically on allocation to long-lived tissue (wood) and compounds
resistant to microbial decay. Controls over plant and soil respiration
also influence the proportion of photosynthate retained in the system.
While there has been a great deal of research on plant physiological
controls over gas exchange, physiological processes affecting the
formation of potentially long residence time organic matter are much
more difficult to address experimentally and are consequently less well
understood. The purpose of this session is to explore the relationships
between productivity and carbon storage across the range of spatial and
temporal scales. Contributions are encouraged from scientists
addressing this issue at the organism, stand, and global levels, and
using experimental, flux measurement, and modeling approaches. Workers
using lab, FACE, flux observations, and modeling approaches are all
encouraged to contribute.
Conveners: David Schimel, NCAR, 1850 Table Mesa Drive ,
Boulder, CO 80305 USA, Tel: 3034971610, Fax: 3034971695, email:
schimel@ucar.edu, and Chistopher Still, University of California,
Santa Barbara, , Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA, Tel: 8058933663, Fax:
8058933146, email: still@icess.ucsb.edu
B04 An Ecohydrological Perspective on Woody
Plant Encroachment in Semiarid Regions
Woody plant encroachment into semiarid and arid systems landscapes is a
global phenomenon with important hydrological and biogeochemical
consequences. Shrub/tree encroachment is often associated with ecosystem
degradation: declines in biodiversity and socioeconomic value, as well
as increased erosion. Numerous studies have examined independently the
consequences of woody plant encroachment on the hydrological cycle and,
recently, on the carbon cycle, but often the links between these cycles
have been missed. For this session we encourage abstracts with results
that examine the ecohydrological implications of woody plant
encroachment/increase in dryland ecosystems (e.g., grasslands,
savannahs, shrublands, riparian) at the plot to watershed scale. Some
relevant questions might be the following: What are the changes in the
water balance as a result of woody plant encroachment (WPE), and how
might these changes alter biogeochemical cycling? How does WPE change
evapotranspiration pathways? Does WPE result in increased biomass, and
how might this alter soil nutrient cycling and trace gases? Do
deeper-rooted trees/shrubs access additional sources of moisture? We
hope that these studies will bridge disciplinary understanding by
examining the linkages between hydrology and ecology.
Conveners: Russell L. Scott, USDA Agricultural Research Service,
2000 E. Allen Road, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA, Tel: 520.670.6380, Fax:
520.670.5550, email: rscott@tucson.ars.ag.gov, and Bradford P Wilcox,
Dept. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 225 Animal Industries Building
2126 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2126 USA, Tel: 979-458-1899, Fax:
979-845-6430, email: bwilcox@tamu.edu, and David Breshears, Env
Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory MS J-495, Los Alamos, NM
87545 USA, Tel: 505/665-2803, Fax: 505/665-3866, email: daveb@lanl.gov
B05 Biogeochemistry and Detection of Reduced
Sulfur Species in Oxic Environments
As methods for detection become more advanced, researchers have begun
to discover evidence of a number of reduced sulfur (RS) compounds in
oxygenated waters. Even when found at subnanomolar concentrations, the
importance of RS compounds to metal speciation, primarily for soft
(B-type) metals, cannot be underestimated. Despite the importance of
metal-RS complexation, there has been almost no data published
describing the characteristics of these complexes in natural aquatic
systems. In the absence of such data, traditional methods of calculating
trace metal speciation miss a potentially strong class of
metal-complexing species, and therefore may overestimate the importance
of other available ligands such as natural organic matter. This session
will focus on the biogeochemistry, metal complexation characteristics,
and detection of reduced sulfur species in oxygenated freshwaters,
estuaries, and marine systems.
Conveners: Steven Mylon, Yale University: Environment School,
Environmental Science Center PO Box 208105 , New Haven, CT 06520 USA,
Tel: 203 432 9229, Fax: 203 432 5023, email: steven.mylon@yale.edu, and
Gaboury Benoit, Yale University: Environment School, Environmental
Science Center PO Box 208105 , New Haven, CT 06520 USA, Tel: 203 432
5139, Fax: 203 432 5023, email: gaboury.benoit@yale.edu, and Benjamin
Twining, Yale University: Environment School, Environmental Science
Center PO Box 208105, New Haven, CT 06511 USA, Tel: 203-432-7407, Fax:
203-432-5023, email: btwining@ic.sunysb.edu
B06 The Utilization of Compound Specific
Analysis in Biogeochemistry
This session will examine the use of compound specific analysis in
biogeochemistry. The focus will be on how chemical characteristics
(e.g., isotopic composition, chirality, and sequence information) of
specific biologically formed macromolecules (e.g., amino acids, lipids,
and nucleotides) are (1) being resolved in the laboratory and (2)
consequently exploited to provide a range of unique biogeochemical and
ecological insights.
Conveners: James Henry Scott, Carnegie Institution of
Washington, 5251 Broad Branch RD, NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA, Tel:
2024788908, Fax: 2024788901, email: j.scott@gl.ciw.edu
B07 The Effects of Forest Disturbance on
Watershed Processes: Hydrology, Soils, Biota, and Water Chemistry
Forest disturbance can cause changes in soil nutrient cycling,
hydrological processes, forest type, and water chemistry. Some of these
changes can adversely affect watershed biota. Forest disturbance can be
caused by natural forces such as insect infestation, landslides, fire,
large storms, and volcanic activity or by human activity such as
logging, suburbanization, clearing for agriculture, and global change.
Different types of forest disturbance can sometimes result in a similar
watershed response. Natural forest disturbance has typically been
studied in relation to its effects on plant ecology, while hydrological
and biogeochemical watershed-scale investigations have frequently
focused on the effects of forest harvesting. This session seeks to
bring together researchers from around the world who are examining the
effects of forest disturbance. We would like to provide a forum to
compare the effects from different types of forest disturbance in many
environments in the hope that some common responses can be identified.
We encourage studies that examine the effect of natural (including
long-term global change) or anthropogenic forest disturbance on
watershed soil and water chemistry, hydrology, and/or the influence of
those effects on watershed biota. Studies that incorporate new methods
for examining forest disturbance are also encouraged.
Conveners: Michael R. McHale, U.S. Geological Survey, 425 Jordan
Road, Troy, NY 12180 USA, Tel: 518-285-5675, Fax: 518-285-5601, email:
mmchale@usgs.gov, and Nobuhito Ohte, Kyoto University, , Kyoto,
606-8502 JPN, Tel: 650-329-4649, Fax: 650-329-5590, email:
nobuohte@usgs.gov
B08 Biomineralization Processes and Mechanisms
The ability to produce biogenic minerals is an invention common to
nearly all kingdoms of life. Organisms can construct single crystals or
composite assemblages of mineral grains in sizes ranging from nanometers
to meters, often with finely controlled shapes that serve specific
functions and sometimes under conditions of metastability. Despite our
long-standing knowledge that biomineralization is a fascinating
phenomenon with implications for geochemical cycling and evolutionary
forces, we have only recently made rapid progress in observing and
understanding in detail the mechanisms that make such impressive and
exquisite mineralization possible. Because of advances in
nanotechnology, molecular biology, and geochemistry, scientists across
many disciplines are now discovering and quantifying the factors that
control nucleation, concentration of constituent ions, regulation of
growth, chemical composition, and shaping of complex morphologies. We
encourage abstracts that address processes and mechanisms of
biomineralization, including, for example, the roles of organic
molecules in generating crystalline materials, the properties and
origins of mixed organic-inorganic materials, physical and chemical
controls on mineral growth and composition, and signatures for
unambiguously recognizing minerals of biological origin.
Conveners: Patricia Dove, Virginia Tech, Department of
Geological Sciences 4044 Derring Hall Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA
24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2444, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: dove@vt.edu, and
Laura Wasylenki, Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences
4044 Derring Hall Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel:
540.231.2403, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: lew@vt.edu, and Steve Weiner,
Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science P.O.
Box 26 , Rehovot, 76100 ISR, Tel: 972-8-9342552, Fax: 972-8-9344136,
email: steve.weiner@weizmann.ac.il
B09 Impacts of Biomineralization on Earth
Environments
For much of Earth history, organisms and their environments have been
inextricably linked in profound and complex ways that have influenced
the evolutionary courses of both on many scales. For example, organisms
that fix CO^2 from the atmosphere or oceans play a key role in global
carbon cycling and climate fluctuations. At the same time, organisms
respond to environmental changes through population shifts and
biological evolution. The sophisticated intricacies of the
relationships between biota and environment have proven difficult to
decipher, but with new technologies and methodology from molecular
biology, paleontology, geochemistry, and materials science, among
others, we are on the brink of solving some of the most important and
fascinating problems in Earth science. This session will explore
interactions between organisms that produce minerals as part of their
life cycles and their environments. We seek abstracts concerning any
aspect of the intertwined roles of biomineralization and environment,
such as global carbon balance, geochemical signals from the fossil
record that constrain the nature of past environments, and specific
changes in biomineralization processes induced by physical or chemical
changes in the growth environment. Submissions that cross disciplinary
boundaries are welcome.
Conveners: Laura Wasylenki, Virginia Tech, Department of
Geological Sciences 4044 Derring Hall Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2403, Fax: 540.231.3386, email: lew@vt.edu, and
Patricia Dove, Virginia Tech, Department of Geological Sciences 4044
Derring Hall Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA, Tel: 540.231.2444,
Fax: 540.231.3386, email: dove@vt.edu, and Philippe van Cappellen,
Utrecht University, Department of Geochemistry Faculty of Earth
Sciences Utrecht University P.O. Box 80021, Utrecht, 3508 TA NLD, Tel:
31-30-253-6220, Fax: 31-30-253-5302, email: pvc@geo.uu.nl
B10 Molecular Biogeochemical Processes of
Terrestrial Environments
The proposed session will bring together experts working on
biogeochemistry of terrestrial environments to discuss the speciation,
distribution, and transport of nutrients and environmental contaminants.
We encourage abstracts on spectroscopic and microscopic studies, as well
as new modeling approaches that aim to elucidate (physico)chemical
processes that result from interactions between microorganisms or
microbial metabolites/exudates and mineral surfaces. Topics of interest
include the effects of biological catalysis on dissolution,
precipitation, sorption, or redox processes that are critical to trace
metal cycling, mineral weathering, and crystal growth. Conveners also
welcome contributions devoted to how surface chemical phenomena at the
nanoscale (reactions at colloidal interfaces, agglomeration of colloidal
material in natural waters, etc.) influence chemical fate and transport
in natural and contaminated porous media, with implications for
nutrient cycling, pump and treat, in situ bioremediation, and natural
attenuation.
Conveners: Javiera Cervini-Silva, University of California at
Berkeley, Department of Earth and Planetary Science 151 Hilgard Hall
#3110, Berkeley, CA 94605 USA, Tel: (510) 642-9690, Fax: (510) 643-5098,
email: javiera@eps.berkeley.edu, and Jon Chorover, University of
Arizona, Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science Shantz
429, Building #38 , Tucson, AZ 85721-0038 USA, Tel: (520) 626-5635,
Fax: (520) 621-1647, email: Chorover@cals.arizona.edu
B11 Environmental Assessment From the Width,
Anatomy, and Chemical Composition of Tree Rings
Trees that form annual rings permit an exact year to be assigned to
each ring. The width and anatomy of rings are in part determined by
environmental factors, and thus trees often are "recorders" of events
and processes when historical records are incomplete or lacking.
Tree-growth responses sometimes can be used to determine the frequency
and magnitude of flooding, glaciation, mass wasting, saline intrusion,
earthquakes, and volcanism. Progress in the chemical analysis of stem
wood (dendrochemistry), including the determination of the
concentrations of nutrients, trace metals, stable isotopes, and organic
contaminants, offers the possibility of examining historical changes in
environmental quality and may provide a tool for monitoring ecosystem
health. Significant advances in dendrochemistry have been made over the
past few decades. However, uncertainties remain in terms of analytical
techniques, quality assurance, and interpretation of elemental/chemical
signatures revealed in tree rings. More recent strides in analytical
instrumentation have lowered detection limits and allowed for the
analysis of multiple elements, stable isotopes, and organic contaminants
in stem wood tissue at finer spatial resolution, and hence finer
temporal resolution. Dendrochemical analysis is being applied to the
fields hydrology, geochemical cycling, ecological risk assessments, and
other environmental studies. This session will present some of the
latest applications of dendrochronology and dendrochemistry to
environmental assessment.
Conveners: Timothy E. Lewis, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, ORD, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Mailcode
B-243-01, RTP, NC 27711 USA, Tel: 919-541-0673, Fax: 919-541-1818,
email: lewis.timothy@epa.gov, and Tommy Yanosky, USGS, 12201 Sunrise
Valley Drive , Reston, VA 20192 USA, Tel: 703-648-5206, email:
tyanosky@usgs.gov
B12 From Mantle to Microbe: Ridge2000 Research
and Progress
The Ridge2000 (R2K) program targets an understanding of the linkages
between the processes of planetary renewal and the origin and evolution
of life in the absence of sunlight at the world's deep-sea spreading
centers. Ridge2000 activities can be broadly divided into two
overlapping groups: multidisciplinary integrated studies focused within
a few select "type" areas, and time critical studies focused in the NE
Pacific that are designed to enhance detection of volcanic and tectonic
events at spreading centers and facilitate rapid-response missions to
observe these transient events as they occur. The sites chosen for
multidisciplinary integrated studies include the Endeavour segment of
the Juan de Fuca Ridge, the East Pacific Rise 8°-11°N, and the
Lau Basin. Although research funded by the R2K program has just begun,
there is a significant body of ongoing work within these study sites
that bears directly on the broader research objectives of the R2K
program. This session will highlight recent research at the Endeavour,
EPR, and Lau Basin integrated study sites as well as work related to the
time critical studies component and other objectives of the R2K program.
We encourage abstracts from the broad range of geophysical,
geochemical, hydrological, and biological studies currently ongoing at
these sites. Research which explores and illuminates linkages between
different components of the integrated biological-geological system is
of particular interest.
Conveners: Charles Fisher, Pennsylvania State University,
Dept. of Biology 208 Mueller Laboratory Penn State , State College, PA
16802 USA, Tel: 814 865-3365, Fax: 814 865-9131, email: cfisher@psu.edu,
and Deborah K Smith, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS 22, Woods
Hole, MA 02540 USA, Tel: 508 289-2472, Fax: 508 457-2187, email:
dsmith@whoi.edu
B13 Methodologies for Analyzing Microbes,
Minerals, and Their Interactions: Techniques and Strategies
From the depths of Earth's oceans to the surface of Mars, a wide
variety of analytical techniques are being used to probe mineral-microbe
interactions on microscales and macroscales. Microorganisms play an
important role in a wide range of geological processes. They may
directly affect geological formations and processes through
enzyme-based or respiration-based processes. Microbiota may also
indirectly affect geological processes by altering the chemical
conditions of the environment or by serving as heterogeneous nucleation
sites for mineral precipitation. For some geological systems, the roles
played by microorganisms remain equivocal; therefore it is important to
understand the various techniques available to study the complex
interactions of microbes with minerals as they occur on various
geological scales. The goal of this session is to provide a forum to
discuss not only widely used, but also newly developing methodologies
for gaining insight into the complex interactions of microbes with
minerals. We wish to highlight techniques ranging from the use of
synchrotron sources at the microscopic scale to remote spectral imaging
at the field scale. Additionally, we encourage submissions that include
discussions of the promises and pitfalls of the various methods for
investigating microbe-mineral interactions. The presentations will give
microbiologists and geologists an opportunity to become familiar with
the diverse array of instrumentation and methodologies that are
available to answer complex biogeoscience questions.
Conveners: Daphne Stoner, Biotechnology Department, Idaho
National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, 2525 N. Fremont Ave.,
P. O. Box 1625, MS 2203, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2203 USA, Tel: (208)
526-8786, Fax: (208) 526-0828, email: dstoner@inel.gov, and Jill R
Scott, Chemistry Department, Idaho National Engineering and
Environmental Laboratory, 2525 N. Fremont Ave., P. O. Box 1625, MS 2208
, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2208 USA, Tel: (208) 526-0429, Fax: (208)
526-8541, email: scotjr@inel.gov
B14 Estimating Terrestrial Carbon, Water, and
Energy Fluxes From Site to Region
The focus of this session will be on innovative approaches to
quantifying mass and energy plant-atmosphere exchange from site to
region in the context of understanding the global carbon cycle. A broad
question to be addressed within this theme is, How have measurements
improved our models, and what have our models taught us about the
processes we measure? We encourage submissions utilizing inventive
modelling and measurement approaches. For example, these may include
data assimilation, multiple constraints, inverse analyses, neural
networks, cross-scale and interdisciplinary investigations, and
application of high-resolution multilayer canopy models. Especially
encouraged are reports of studies coupling various biogeochemical
components (e.g., water, carbon, nitrogen, isotopes), biological,
pedological, and atmospheric processes and feedbacks, combining or
comparing different kinds of measurements including eddy covariance
fluxes, plant physiological parameters, biometry, soil properties and
composition, atmospheric concentrations at various scales, and satellite
or airborne remote sensing data and derived products.
Conveners: Julie Styles, Oregon State University, Department
of Forest Science 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel:
541-737-9293, Fax: 541-737-1393, email: julie.styles@oregonstate.edu,
and Matthias Falk, University of California, Berkeley, ESPM 105
Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-642-9048, Fax:
510-643-5098, email: mfalk@nature.berkeley.edu, and Bev Law, Oregon
State University, Department of Forest Science 328 Richardson Hall,
Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, Tel: 541-737-6111, Fax: 541-737-1393, email:
bev.law@oregonstate.edu, and Dennis Baldocchi, University of
California, Berkeley, Ecosystem Science Division, ESPM 151 Hilgard Hall,
Berkeley, CA 94720 USA, Tel: 510-642-2874, Fax: 510-643-5098, email:
baldocchi@nature.berkeley.edu
B15 Biological Processes and the Isotopic
Composition of the Atmosphere
This session will explore the physiological, ecological, and microbial
processes that influence the isotopic composition of CO^2, water vapor,
and other atmospheric trace gases. Relevant topics include, but are not
limited to, the isotopic composition of aboveground and belowground
organic matter, fractionation effects in the synthesis of organic
compounds and respiration, and measured or modeled estimates of
photosynthetic and ecosystem discrimination at the ecosystem, regional,
or global scale. Abstracts on the application of isotopic methods to
investigations of ecosystem physiology, such as partitioning ecosystem
fluxes into their component parts, are also encouraged.
Conveners: Diane Pataki, Dept. of Biology, University of Utah,
257 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA, Tel: 801-581-3545,
Fax: 801-581-4665, email: pataki@biology.utah.edu, and James
Ehleringer, University of Utah, USA, email: ehleringer@biology.utah.edu
B16 Astrobiology as a Unifying Theme for Solar
System Exploration
Astrobiology is the multidisciplinary study of life in the universe.
Many of the current efforts in astrobiology are directed toward
understanding the origin and history of life on Earth while beginning
the exploration of possibly habitable environments in our solar system.
This session is designed to highlight the potential of life on the
planets and to explore some of the opportunities for astrobiology in
solar system exploration. In proposing this session, we take advantage
of several of the "focus groups" that have been formed under the
auspices of the NASA Astrobiology Institute to bring together experts
from many fields to address specific scientific problems or mission
opportunities in astrobiology. The session is intended to examine the
habitability of the planets in our solar system, to summarize our
expectations about life (past or present) on other planets in this early
stage of study, and to develop strategies and instruments to be used in
flight missions that will advance our understanding of life beyond the
Earth.
Conveners: David Morrison, NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA
Ames 240-1 , Mt View, CA 94035 USA, Tel: 650 604 5094, Fax: 650 604
4251, email: david.morrison@nasa.gov, and Bruce Runnegar, University
of California, Los Angeles, 3845 Slichter Hall UCLA , Los Angeles, CA
90095-1567 USA, Tel: 310-206-1738, Fax: 310-206-3051, email:
runnegar@ucla.edu
B17 Carbon Cycling in Northern Soils and
Surface Waters
Vast quantities of organic carbon are preserved in northern latitude
soils due to cold climate. Documented increases in temperature and
growing season in northern latitudes create the potential for the
release of this stored carbon to the atmosphere and hydrosphere and for
change in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon across northern
landscapes. This session will focus on the cycling of carbon in northern
latitude soils, wetlands, and surface waters, and on the
terrestrial-aquatic linkages that control the flux of carbon across the
landscape. Our goal is to provide a forum that will bring together both
applied and basic research on terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycling and
to foster communication among these groups in the interest of improving
understanding of the complex nature of the carbon cycle in northern
latitudes under a changing climate.
Conveners: Jon J Carrasco, USGS, MS 980 Denver Federal Center,
Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303.236.7808, Fax: 303.236.5349, email:
jcarrasco@usgs.gov, and Robert G Striegl, USGS, Box 25046 MS 413 Denver
Federal Center , Denver, CO 80225 USA, Tel: 303 236-4993, Fax: 303
236-5034, email: rstriegl@usgs.gov, and Kimberly P Wickland, USGS, 3215
Marine St., Suite E-127, Boulder, CO 80303 USA, Tel: 303-541-3072, Fax:
303-447-2505, email: kpwick@usgs.gov
B18 Ecosystem Interactions With Land-Use Change
Human conversion and modification of ecosystems to produce food and
fiber, extract natural resources, and expand urban areas is one of the
key modes of global change. Land use change, while essential for
satisfying human needs, involves trade-offs with other ecosystem
services and functions such as watershed protection, biogeochemical
cycling, soil degradation, and habitats for other species. This session
will consider studies addressing various aspects of ecosystem responses
to land use change and the feedbacks to sustainable land use.
Presentations can address the responses and feedbacks of ecosystems at a
range of scales, from local to regional to global. The session will also
provide opportunities for researchers working on different aspects of
land use/land cover to share information on methodological approaches,
observational strategies, and feedbacks among ecosystem processes.
Conveners: Gregory P. Asner, Carnegie Institution, Stanford
University 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305 USA, Tel: 650-325-1521,
Fax: 650-325-6857, email: gpa@stanford.edu, and Ruth DeFries,
University of Maryland, Department of Geography and Earth System
Science, College Park, MD 20742 USA, Tel: 301-314-9299, email:
rd63@umail.umd.edu
B19 Ecosystems in Flux: Isotopes as Indicators
of Ecosystem Change
Climate change, deterioration of air and water quality, and recent
changes in land use have threatened the health and function of many
ecosystems. These trends are likely to continue into the future.
Isotopes have proven to be a powerful tool for detecting changes in
ecosystem function over a variety of timescales. For example, isotopic
fluxes from ecosystems have been shown to vary in response to short-term
climate fluctuations within days, while isotopic records in tree rings,
ice cores, and lake sediments can indicate changes in ecosystem function
over decades to millennia. Isotopic shifts in carbon, oxygen,
nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, strontium, and iron each provide unique
indicators of biogeochemical processes at scales spanning from microbial
to regional, and are particularly powerful when used in combination.
For example, the ecosystem functions associated with carbon
accumulation and storage have received much attention recently because
of the Kyoto Protocol and the global need to reduce CO^2 accumulation
in the atmosphere. Isotopes are providing new and interesting insights
into the complexity of processes controlling carbon storage within
ecosystems, and how land use and land use change can alter these
processes. Further, isotopic tools can help elucidate recent and
historic ecosystem changes, and potentially can help separate natural
variance from anthropogenic effects. This session will focus on
isotopic indicators of ecosystem processes with particular emphasis on
ecosystem change and stability. We especially encourage submissions
that highlight the use of multiple isotopes or multiple timescales to
understand ecosystem changes or ecosystem processes.
Conveners: J. Renee Brooks, U.S. EPA/NHEERL Western Ecology
Division, 200 SW 35th St., Corvallis, OR 97333 USA, Tel: (541) 754-4684,
Fax: (541) 754-4799, email: Brooks.ReneeJ@epa.gov, and Elizabeth
Sulzman, Oregon State University, 3017 ALS Building Department of Crop
and Soil Science Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97331 USA,
Tel: (541) 737-8936, email: elizabeth.sulzman@oregonstate.edu
B20 Modeling Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles in
Natural and Contaminated Systems: Linking Hydrogeological,
Microbiological, and Geochemical Processes
This session will feature both conceptual and numerical models that
describe factors controlling biogeochemical cycling over time and space.
In aqueous environments, chemical fate and transport are controlled by
microbial growth and decay, organic and inorganic geochemical
reactions, and hydrologic processes including fluid flow and
sorption/desorption reactions. These processes can be described in
terms of thermodynamic and kinetic arguments. Recent advances in
computational power and the availability of codes capable of simulating
mixed kinetic-thermodynamic reaction systems provide an unprecedented
opportunity for development of quantitative descriptions of coupled
hydrobiogeochemical systems. This session will provide a venue for
presentation of kinetic/thermodynamic models of in situ and laboratory
"batch" studies and new applications of conceptual biogeochemical models
to understand a variety of environmental processes. Topics will
include (but are not limited to) organic contaminant and trace element
cycling; chemical diagenesis and contaminant transformations in aquatic
sediments; mineral precipitation-dissolution reactions; and redox
reactions in surface/subsurface aqueous environments.
Conveners: Jennifer Therese McGuire, Texas A&M University,
Department of Geology & Geophysics 3115 TAMU , College Station, TX
77843-3115 USA, Tel: 979-845-4520, Fax: 979-845-6162, email:
mcguire@geo.tamu.edu, and Eric Roden, The University of Alabama,
Department of Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0206 USA, email:
eroden@bsc.as.ua.edu
B21 Geologic Aspects of Carbon and Other
Biogeochemical Cycles
The growing interest in recent years in biogeochemical cycles,
including those of the four life-essential elements (carbon, nitrogen,
phosphorous, and sulfur), has generated a number of research programs,
funding initiatives, and curricular foci, nationally and
internationally. While there has been a great deal of activity and
development of the ecological and general biological aspects of these
biogeochemical cycles, the geologic aspects have been explored to a
lesser extent. This session is designed to help close that gap by
focusing on geologic aspects specifically. These include, but are not
limited, to geologic processes involved in biogeochemical cycles, their
geological environment, and geologic proxies and modeling with which to
document past biogeochemical conditions and processes. Abstracts are
solicited from the broadest geologic community so that the session will
span the range of disciplines relevant to the geologic aspects of
biogeochemical cycles, and will bring together those engaged in
observational and theoretical studies.
Conveners: Enriqueta Barrera, National Science Foundation,
USA, email: ebarrera@nsf.gov, and Dork Sahagian, University of New
Hampshire, USA, email: dork.sahagian@unh.edu
B22 Human Interactions and the Carbon Cycle in
North America
This session will focus on the role of human activity in the carbon
cycle over North America. Study of the carbon cycle has emphasized the
exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, ocean, and land reservoirs by
natural processes. Yet it is human activity that is altering the carbon
cycle to the point where shifts in local weather patterns and even
global climate change are becoming a concern. The carbon cycle of the
21st century will be dominated by human influences, although natural
feedbacks remain a significant concern. Land use change, energy
consumption patterns, development, and population growth have all played
significant roles in altering the carbon cycle. As society attempts to
manage the carbon cycle in the future, it will become increasingly
important to understand these human drivers, both to understand the
future patterns of carbon in the Earth system and to understand
possible deliberate strategies to mitigate future atmospheric carbon
dioxide growth. This session will consider papers on how human
activity has altered the carbon cycle over time in the North American
region and how human drivers might be expected to change in the future.
Abstracts are encouraged that link research on human activities such as
land use change, development, or energy use patterns to the spatial or
temporal distribution of carbon in the Earth system, as well as studies
of deliberate management of the carbon system, such as carbon
sequestration, carbon trading, or the role of energy decarbonization.
Empirical, theoretical, case study, and modeling research are all
encouraged.
Conveners: Lisa Dilling, ESIG/NCAR, 3450 Mitchell Lane,
Boulder, CO 80301 USA, Tel: 303-497-2885, Fax: 303-497-8125, email:
ldilling@ucar.edu, and Gregg Marland, Env. Sciences Div./Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, , Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6335 USA, Tel: 865-241-4850,
Fax: 865-574-2232, email: gum@ornl.gov
B23 Very High Resolution Land Cover Mapping
Applications to Resource Management
With the advent of very high resolution satellite imagery (IKONOS,
QUICKBIRD) it is now possible to achieve mapping accuracies from space
that are comparable, in many cases, to aerial photographic
interpretation. This allows for a range of land cover and land use
mapping and monitoring applications over large areas in support of
decision making for resource management. For example, maps of tree
cover and built surfaces can be used to target restoration or mitigation
activities to protect stream water quality. A very wide range of other
applications are possible, building on work that has traditionally been
done with aerial photographs. The use of very high resolution imagery
brings with it, however, a number of issues that must be properly
addressed, such that assessments of land use change and effectiveness of
land use planning are based on accurate and repeatable methodologies.
These new data sets also require addressing a series of technical
issues related to radiometric measurements of mixtures of scene
elements, shadowing between components, and the like. We encourage
abstracts that examine the range of research and applications of
high-resolution imagery, with particular emphasis on assessments of the
capabilities as well as constraints and limitations of the data sets
and mapping technologies. Relevant abstracts might address
interpretation and quantification of imagery in urbanizing areas,
studies aimed at determining the effectiveness of land use planning, and
projects focused on management of land and water resources.
Conveners: Scott J Goetz, Woods Hole Research Center, P.O. Box
296, Woods Hole, MA 02543-0296 USA, Tel: 508-548-9375, Fax:
508-540-9700, email: sgoetz@whrc.org, and Tom Stone, Woods Hole
Research Center, P.O. Box 296, Woods Hole, MA 02543-0296 USA, Tel:
508-540-9900, Fax: 508-540-9700, email: tstone@whrc.org
B24 Validation and Application of Land Surface
Products From the MODIS Sensor
With more than three years of data available from the MODIS sensor,
there has been progress in both the validation and application of the
various global land products including land cover, forest cover, land
surface temperature, snow and ice cover, spectral vegetation indices,
leaf area index, fPAR, gross primary production, net primary production,
and fire detection. Validation activities are continuing at multiple
scales from field measurement campaigns and measurements at eddy
covariance towers to regional and global comparisons with other
satellite sensors and models. The session will focus on not only those
products which may be considered validated, but also those which are
still being tested, in which case problems and potential solutions will
be discussed. We encourage also the submission of abstracts presenting
the application of these products for improved understanding of
biospheric processes. Applications which integrate multiple MODIS land
products or various remote sensing techniques are particularly welcome.
Conveners: Faith Ann Heinsch, University of Montana, Numerical
Terradynamic Simulation Group School of Forestry 32 Campus Drive,
Missoula, MT 59812 USA, Tel: 406-243-6218, Fax: 406-243-4510, email:
faithann@ntsg.umt.edu, and Steven W Running, University of Montana,
Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group School of Forestry 32 Campus
Drive, Missoula, MT 59802 USA, Tel: 406-243-6311, Fax: 406-243-4510,
email: swr@ntsg.umt.edu, and Jeff Privette, NASA/Goddard Space Flight
Center, MODIS Land Team Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel:
301-614-6630, Fax: 301-614-6695, email: jeff.privette@nasa.gov
B25 Aqueous Microbial Geochemistry
Links between aqueous geochemical processes and microbial metabolic
activity, reaction mechanisms, and/or energetics are the focus of this
session. Field, laboratory, and theoretical investigations are welcomed.
Suggested topics include any aspect of the microbial geochemical
linkages involved in processes such as biomineralization, metals
cycling, mineral dissolution, contaminant sequestration or
mobilization, fossilization, diagenesis, organic compound
transformation, and weathering. Abstracts reflecting a combined
multidisciplinary approach, e.g., molecular geomicrobiology,
biomolecular geochemistry, microbial ecology, and surface
biogeochemistry, are particularly encouraged.
Conveners: Everett Shock , Dept. of Geological Sciences,
Arizona State University, USA, email: eshock@asu.edu, and Lesley A
Warren, School of Geography & Geology, McMaster University, GSB 309,
1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 CAN, Tel: 905 525 9140 x
27347, Fax: 905 546 0463, email: warrenl@mcmaster.ca
B26 Land Use Impacts on Trace Gas Exchanges:
BATREX Contribution to New Global Change Science Agenda
In recent years significant changes in the way land areas are used have
occurred, affecting biogeochemical cycles, especially trace gas fluxes.
These changes, conversion of forests to other uses, conversion of
agricultural lands to urban development, conversion of range lands to
crop lands, and conversion from one type of agricultural system to
another, have a significant impact on human society through changes in
air quality, water quality, and food production. In addition, farming
practices are changing, which affect societal as well as a variety of
environmental concerns. One such concern is related to changes in
agricultural field management and the impact on atmospheric trace gas
concentrations. Water management in rice production can directly impact
both methane (CH^4) and nitrous oxide (N^2O) fluxes, and changes from
animal waste based fertilization practices to synthetic fertilization
can greatly influence N^2O, NH^3, and NO^x emissions. In this proposal
we combine the aspects of land management and land use into one "land
use" term for simplicity's sake, but keep in mind that both types of
change need to be addressed. This session will present abstracts
dealing with land use management changes on trace gas fluxes and
highlight research needed for defining a research agenda for
understanding global environmental change.
Conveners: Arvin Mosier, USDA-ARS, , Fort Collins, CO USA,
email: amosier@lamar.colostate.edu, and Dennis Ojima, CSU-NREL, ,
Fort Collins, CO USA, email: dennis@nrel.colostate.edu
B27 The Impact of Dust Emission and Deposition
on Biogeochemical Cycling and Ecosystem Function
Aeolian processes (wind erosion, dust emission, particle transport, and
deposition) are basic elements of the Earth system with local, regional,
and global impacts. For example, dust emission affects ecosystems by
removing nutrients and changing soil surface texture as well as through
other mechanisms. Dust deposition can provide an important long-term
source of nutrients to ecosystems but also introduce pathogens. The
purpose of this session is to explore the various roles of dust emission
and deposition in biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial and aquatic
environments. Potential topics include (1) the impact of desert dust
inputs on ocean cycles of Fe and P, (2) the consequences of dust-borne
pathogens on human and ecosystem health, (3) the impact of wind erosion
and dust emission on nutrient cycling in deserts, (4) the impact of
dust deposition on soil formation processes, (5) the impact of dust
deposition on the maintenance of long-term ecosystem productivity, (6)
the importance of dust relative to other atmospheric gain/loss pathways
(i.e., fire), and (7) linking ecosystem modeling with physical
transport by wind.
Conveners: Gregory S Okin, University of Virginia, Dept. of
Environmental Sciences 921 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123
USA, Tel: 434 924-3324, Fax: 434 924-3324, email: okin@virginia.edu, and
Natalie Mahowald, National Center for Atmospheric Research, ,
Boulder, CO USA, Tel: 303-497-1719, email: mahowald@ucar.edu
B28 The Bioatmospheric N Cycle: N Emissions,
Transformations, Deposition, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
Biogenic and anthropogenic emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr) are
transported and chemically transformed in the atmosphere and deposited
on terrestrial ecosystems, and alter the structure and function of those
systems. Estimating atmospheric N exchange, including emissions and
deposition, and evaluating ecosystem responses require a diverse array
of measurements and models that link the processes at multiple scales.
We seek abstracts on physical, chemical, biological, and anthropogenic
processes that drive local, regional, and global nitrogen exchange,
resultant impacts on terrestrial ecosystem structure, function, carbon
uptake, nitrogen export, and biodiversity, the ultimate fate of
deposited Nr, and policy implications and responses.
Conveners: Stuart B. Weiss, Creekside Center for Earth
Observations, 27 Bishop Lane, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: (650)
854-9732, email: stubweiss@netscape.net, and Elisabeth Holland,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive,
Boulder, CO 80305-3000 USA, Tel: 303-497-1433, Fax: 303-497-1477, email:
eholland@ucar.edu
B29 SpecNet: Integrating Remote Sensing With
Flux Sampling for Improved Understanding of Ecosystem Function
With the advent of FluxNet we now have continuous sampling of
biosphere-atmosphere flux at many discrete points, but with limited
spatial coverage. Remote sensing provides spatially extensive
information regarding ecosystem states, but may not be continuous in
time. The contrasting temporal and spatial domains of these two
complementary methods present formidable challenges when trying to gain
an integrated understanding of Earth system processes. This session
will examine emerging efforts to integrate remote sensing with flux
sampling to provide an improved understanding of ecosystem function. A
particular focus will be on SpecNet (Spectral Network), which is
designed to explore the challenges of integrating disparate temporal and
spatial data sets.
Conveners: John A Gamon, California State University, Los
Angeles, Department of Biological Sciences 5151 State University Drive ,
Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA, Tel: 323-343-2066, Fax: 323-343-6451, email:
jgamon@calstatela.edu, and Abdullah Faiz Rahman, Ball State University,
Department of Geography CL425, Ball State University , Muncie, IN 47306
USA, Tel: 765-285-1172, Fax: 765-285-2351, email: faiz@bsu.edu
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