A23F-01 INVITED

The Growing Network of Arctic Atmospheric Observatories Now Allows for Better Monitoring of Arctic Air Pollution

* Schnell, R C russell.c.schnell@noaa.gov, NOAA, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (GMD) 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, United States

The NOAA Barrow, Alaska, Atmospheric Baseline Observatory has been in continuous operation for 35 years monitoring a wide range of atmospheric parameters. Clear trends in concentrations of radiatively important trace gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, HFCs and CFCs, and nitrous oxide have been established at Barrow. In addition, measurements of both general background and episodic gas and aerosol events from industrial and forest fire sources in Russia, China, Europe and North America have been observed. Along with atmospheric stations in Alert and Eureka, Canada,and Summit, Greenland, individual air pollution events flowing into and across the Arctic Basin are being tracked in time and space. The large gap in similar monitoring across the Russian Arctic is being addressed by new stations/programs at Tiksi and Cherskiy, Russia that were upgraded in 2007/8. There is special interest in monitoring methane at Tiksi and Cherskiy as there is speculation that permafrost melting in the Arctic will release accelerating amounts of methane further driving greenhouse warming.

A23F-02

The Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) at Eureka, Nunavut

* Drummond, J james.drummond@dal.ca, University of Toronto, Department of Physics 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
* Drummond, J james.drummond@dal.ca, Dalhousie University, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science 6310 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS B3H 1Z9, Canada
Duck, T tomduck@fizz.phys.dal.ca, Dalhousie University, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science 6310 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS B3H 1Z9, Canada
Sloan, J sloanj@UWaterloo.CA, Univeristy of Waterloo, Department of Chemistry, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
Strong, K strong@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca, University of Toronto, Department of Physics 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
Ward, W wward@unb.ca, University of New Brunswick, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 4400,, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
Argall, S sargall@physics.uwo.ca, University of Western Ontario, Department of Physics and Astronomy Physics & Astronomy Building,, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Degenstein, D doug.degenstein@usask.ca, University of Saskatchewan, Department of Physics and Engineering Physics 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
Fast, H , Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
Hudak, D david.hudak@ec.gc.ca, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
Manson, A alan.manson@usask.ca, University of Saskatchewan, Department of Physics and Engineering Physics 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
McArthur, B bruce.mcarthur@ec.gc.ca, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
McElroy, T tom.mcelroy@ec.gc.ca, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
O'Neill, N Norman.T.ONeill@USherbrooke.ca, Universite de Sherbrooke, Dept de geomatique appliquee, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
Shepherd, G gordon@yorku.ca, York University, 4700 Keele Street,, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
Shepherd, M mshepher@yorku.ca, York University, 4700 Keele Street,, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
Sica, R sica@uwo.ca, University of Western Ontario, Department of Physics and Astronomy Physics & Astronomy Building,, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Strawbridge, K kevin.strawbridge@ec.gc.ca, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
Walker, K kwalker@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca, University of Toronto, Department of Physics 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
Whiteway, J whiteway@yorku.ca, York University, 4700 Keele Street,, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
Fogal, P Pierre.fogal@utoronto.ca, University of Toronto, Department of Physics 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada

International Polar Year has seen the expansion of several major Arctic Atmospheric laboratories. The PEARL laboratory at Eureka, Nunavut is the Canadian contribution to this enterprise. PEARL is a refurbishment of an existing laboratory for studying stratospheric ozone, but its mission has been extended to include air quality and climate issues. The laboratory is now home to over 25 instruments studying the atmosphere from the ground to approximately 100km. These cover a range of in situ and remote sounding instruments including lidars, spectrometers and samplers. Besides the direct measurement role, PEARL supports the validation of a variety of polar orbiting satellites. Due to the geometry of a sun synchronous orbit, PEARL gets the maximum number of overpasses possible and this makes it ideal for validation and calibration for the Arctic region. As a contributor to the measurements of the "Arctic ring" of laboratories, PEARL covers the Canadian sector. Since Canada has a large territorial land mass in the Arctic, this is of national strategic interest. This talk will highlight some of the latest operating results from PEARL and also serve as an introduction to the facility and its capabilities.

A23F-03

The U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facilities on the North Slope of Alaska

* Ivey, M D mdivey@sandia.gov, Sandia National Laboratories, MS 0734 PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185-0734, United States
Verlinde, J verlinde@meteo.psu.edu, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Meteorology 503 Walker Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States
Richardson, S srichardon@psu.edu, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Meteorology 503 Walker Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States
Zak, B bdzak@sandia.gov, Sandia National Laboratories, MS 0734 PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185-0734, United States
Zirzow, J jazirzo@sandia.gov, Sandia National Laboratories, MS 0734 PO Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185-0734, United States

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) provides scientific infrastructure and data archives to the international Arctic research community through a national user facility, the ARM Climate Research Facilities (ACRF). One of three fixed ARM Climate Research Facilities is located on the North Slope of Alaska. Since 1998, these facilities near the communities of Barrow and Atqasuk have provided data about cloud and radiative processes at high latitudes. These data are used to refine models and parameterizations related to the Arctic. Data records from the instruments at these facilities and data products are available through web- accessible archives. The ACRF's role is to provide infrastructure support for climate research, including Arctic research, to the global scientific community. DOE's climate research programs, with a focus on clouds and aerosols and their impact on the radiative budget, define the research scope supported by the Facility. In addition to a set of baseline instruments at the two fixed North Slope ACRF locations, temporary or guest instruments are operated as required to support field campaigns. Recent field campaigns have included over-flights by aircraft with cloud and aerosol-sampling instrumentation. To support proposed deployments of unmanned aerial vehicle and unmanned aerial systems on the North Slope of Alaska and over the Arctic Ocean, permissions are being obtained and access arranged for use of a runway and nearby ground support facilities at Oliktok Point, Alaska. In addition to the fixed facilities, ARM Mobile Facilities may be used for high-latitude deployments. Deployments for the ARM Mobile Facilities are selected through a formal process that includes peer review of science-focused proposals. The first ARM Mobile Facility is nearing the end of a deployment in China. Design and development of a second ARM Mobile Facility will begin in late calendar year 2008. This paper discusses the scientific infrastructure, data streams and archives, planned field campaigns, and opportunities for future collaborative research available to members of the international research community on the North Slope of Alaska. An overview of results from recent field campaigns conducted during as part of the International Polar Year will be presented.

A23F-04

Synchronicity of Aerosol Optical Measurements acquired at Arctic and sub-Arctic sites

* O'Neill, N T norm.oneill@USherbrooke.ca, CARTEL, Universite de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Universite, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K2R1, Canada
Saha, A , CARTEL, Universite de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Universite, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K2R1, Canada
Stone, R Robert.Stone@noaa.gov, NOAA/CMDL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3337, United States
Abboud, I Ihab.Abboud@ec.gc.ca, Environment Canada, Experimental Studies Division ARQX, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
McArthur, B Bruce.McArthur@ec.gc.ca, Environment Canada, Experimental Studies Division ARQX, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
Freemantle, J james.freemantle@rogers.com, CARTEL, Universite de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Universite, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K2R1, Canada
Baibakov, K k.baibakov@usherbrooke.ca, CARTEL, Universite de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Universite, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K2R1, Canada

The ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) campaign during the spring of 2008 provided a unique opportunity to compare and interpret a variety of airborne, groundbased and satellite aerosol measurments. In this communication we focus on the Arctic-wide interpretation of sunphotometry measurements acquired at a variety of Arctic and sub-Arctic sites and their link with available lidar and satellite data. The presentation will focus on sites in Barrow, Alaska (NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory), the PEARL (Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory) Arctic observatory in Eureka, Nunavut (Canada) and AEROCAN / AERONET sites in Resolute Bay, Nunavut, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories (Canada), and Iquluit, Nunavut. Emphasis will be placed on the synchronicity and propagation of extensive and intensive aerosol properties.

A23F-05

Comparison of Recent Atmospheric Conditions at Barrow, Alaska and Eureka, Canada

* Cox, C ccox@vandals.uidaho.edu, University of Idaho, Department of Geography PO Box 443021, Moscow, ID 83844-3021, United States
Rowe, P prowe@harbornet.com, University of Idaho, Department of Geography PO Box 443021, Moscow, ID 83844-3021, United States
Shupe, M matthew.shupe@noaa.gov, University of Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80301, United States
Walden, V P vonw@uidaho.edu, University of Idaho, Department of Geography PO Box 443021, Moscow, ID 83844-3021, United States

Due to the rapid recession of Arctic summertime sea ice, there is considerable interest in the atmospheric conditions across the Arctic Basin. We use surface-based data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site at Barrow, Alaska (71N, 156W) and the Canadian Network for the Detection of Arctic Change (CANDAC) site at Eureka, Canada (80N, 86W) to compare atmospheric variables from March 2006 to present. Data from radiosondes, microwave radiometers, cloud lidars, and Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometers (AERIs) at both sites are used to compare surface temperature, tropospheric temperature, total column water vapor, cloud cover, and downwelling infrared radiation. Monthly averages and variances of these variables are computed for comparable instruments at both sites. Seasonal cycles are then compared, yielding information on both spatial and temporal variability. The summertime data are examined for differences that might help to explain the large recession of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean in 2007 and 2008, relative to 2006.

A23F-06

Measurements of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation at Barrow, Alaska; Summit Greenland; and Tiksi, Russia: a contribution to IASOA

* Bernhard, G bernhard@biospherical.com, Biospherical Instruments, 5340 Riley Street, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
Booth, C R rocky@biospherical.com, Biospherical Instruments, 5340 Riley Street, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
Ehramjian, J C jime@biospherical.com, Biospherical Instruments, 5340 Riley Street, San Diego, CA 92110, United States

Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been measured with high-resolution spectroradiometers at the IASOA observatories Barrow, Alaska, and Summit, Greenland, since 1991 and 2004, respectively. Instruments are part of the National Science Foundation's Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitoring Network (UVSIMN), which also operates similar systems in Antarctica. Data products include spectra of global (sun and sky) irradiance between 280 and 600 nm, time series of spectral irradiance at various wavelengths; integrals over several wavelength bands (e.g., UV-A, UV-B); biologically effective dose-rates calculated with a large (>15) number of action spectra; total ozone; effective surface albedo; cloud optical depth, actinic flux, and photolysis rate data for the reactions O₃ → O(¹D) + O₂ and NO₂ → NO + O(³P). The effects of total ozone, clouds, aerosols, and surface albedo on UV irradiance have been analyzed in detail at the two Arctic sites. This study also exploited aerosol optical depth measurements performed at Barrow by NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division (ESRL/GMD) and NASA's AERONET network. We are planning to integrate our UV measurements at Barrow and Summit into the framework of IASOA to take advantage of synergistic effects gained from coordinating the different measurement programs at the two sites. For example, UV measurements can be provided at sampling times of other IASOA projects. In addition, we hope to establish UV measurements at the IASOA observatory Tiksi, Russia, in the near future, to improve the understanding of the circum-polar distribution of solar UV radiation.

http://www.biospherical.com/NSF/

A23F-07

Long Term Statistics of Mixed-Phase Arctic Stratus at Barrow and Eureka: Process Studies, Assessment of CloudSAT Detection, and Applications to Models

* de Boer, G gdeboer@wisc.edu, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1225 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, United States
Eloranta, E W eloranta@lidar.ssec.wisc.edu, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1225 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, United States
Uttal, T Taneil.Uttal@noaa.gov, NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, United States
Shupe, M D Matthew.Shupe@noaa.gov, NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, United States
Kay, J jenkay@ucar.edu, NCAR, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, United States

The rapidly changing Arctic climate is strongly modulated by clouds and precipitation. Variations in the radiative budget of the Arctic atmosphere can have large consequences on snow and ice cover, animal populations and human use of this environment. Some of the most commonly observed clouds throughout much of the Arctic are low to mid-level stratus decks, containing both liquid and frozen hydrometeors (Shupe et al., 2006). These clouds have been shown to last for several days at a time and reduce wintertime net surface cooling by 40-50 Wm-2 (Curry et al., 1996). Despite their influence on the Arctic climate, lifecycle processes governing longevity of these cloud structures are still under investigation. Models show that formation of ice particles strongly modulates longevity of these clouds (Korolev and Field, 2008). However, nucleation processes governing ice formation for these clouds are yet to be well understood. Because of a general misrepresentation of ice nucleation in models, numerical simulations at many scales have struggled to accurately portray mixed-phase stratus lifecycles (Klein et al., 2008). In this work, we utilize data from the University of Wisconsin Arctic High Spectral Resolution Lidar (AHSRL; Eloranta, 2005) and NOAA and CANDAC Millimeter Cloud Radars (MMCR; Moran et al., 1998) during their deployments to both Barrow, Alaska (2004) and Eureka, Canada (2005-present) to better understand these clouds and their lifecycles. Statistics on cloud occurrence, thermodynamic profiles, and macro/microphysical properties are analyzed to better understand ice nucleation in the mixed-phase. Additionally, an assessment of measurement capabilities of the CloudSAT CPR for these clouds is presented to aid in development of space-based cloud climatologies of the Arctic. Finally, information gathered from long-term statistics is presented with a focus on application to modeling of mixed-phase cloud structures.

http://lidar.ssec.wisc.edu

A23F-08 INVITED

Trace Gas Measurements at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) at Eureka, Canada during International Polar Year

* Strong, K strong@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
Adams, C cadams@physics.utoronto.ca, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
Batchelor, R rbatchelor@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
Drummond, J R james.drummond@dal.ca, Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, 6310 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS B3H 1Z9, Canada
Drummond, J R james.drummond@dal.ca, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
Daffer, W H William.H.Daffer@jpl.nasa.gov, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Fogal, P F pierre.fogal@utoronto.ca, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
Fraser, A amery@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
Kolonjari, F fkolonjari@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
Manney, G Gloria.L.Manney@jpl.nasa.gov, Department of Physics, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, United States
Manney, G Gloria.L.Manney@jpl.nasa.gov, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States
Lindenmaier, R rodica@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
Walker, K A kwalker@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
Wolff, M A mwolff@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada

The recently established Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) is located in the Canadian high Arctic at Eureka, Nunavut (80N, 86W). It has been equipped with a suite of instrumentation to investigate chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere from the ground to 100 km. One of the four research themes being pursued at PEARL is that of Arctic Middle Atmosphere Chemistry, whose overall goal is to improve our understanding of the processes controlling the Arctic stratospheric ozone budget and its future evolution, using measurements of the concentrations of stratospheric constituents, in conjunction with dynamical, radiative, aerosol/PSC, and meteorological observations also made at PEARL. The complexity of the atmosphere and the different spectroscopic signatures of its many chemical constituents make it impossible to measure all relevant species using any one remote sounding technique. Rather, these measurements are being made using the complementary capabilities of several of the PEARL instruments, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers, UV-visible grating spectrometers, and an Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer. This presentation will provide an overview of the Arctic Middle Atmosphere Chemistry theme, including its scientific motivation, objectives, and instrumentation. Results from the first two years of operation, which largely coincide with International Polar Year, will be presented These include measurements of ozone, NO2, and BrO by the UV-visible spectrometers, and ozone, HCl, ClONO2, HNO3, and HF by a high-resolution Bruker IFS 125HR FTIR spectrometer. Synergies with IASOA and other Arctic observatories will also be discussed.

Authors (2008), Title, Eos Trans. AGU, 89(53), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract xxxxx-xx