1999 Fall Meeting Special Session Descriptions
BIOGEOSCIENCES Theme
EDUCATION & PUBLIC POLICY Theme
UNION Section
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Section
GEODESY Section
GEOMAGNETISM AND PALEOMAGNETISM Section
HYDROLOGY Section
OCEAN SCIENCES Section
PLANETARY SCIENCES Section
SEISMOLOGY Section
SPACE PHYSICS AND AERONOMY Section
SPA — AERONOMY Subsection
SPA — HELIOSPHERIC PHYSICS Subsection
SPA — MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS Subsection
TECTONOPHYSICS Section
VOLCANOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND PETROLOGY Section
Biogeosciences (B)
B01 Biogeophysics of Land Cover Change, the Hydrologic Cycle, and Climate (Joint with A and H)
The interaction of biology with climate is clearly observed in the biogeophysical effects of land cover changes on climate. These effects are related to changes in albedo, evapotranspiration, percolation and runoff, dust generation, and many other factors. Anthropogenic alterations of the land surface by activities such as burning, cutting, planting of annual crops, pavement of urban areas, and other land uses can lead to detectable changes in regional climate by changing the water, energy, and trace gas fluxes between the atmosphere and the land surface. The scale of land cover changes bears on the effectiveness of the perturbation as much as does the total magnitude regionally. This is because atmospheric circulation and fluxes may be more profoundly affected by few, large continuous areas of altered land cover than by many small patches adding to the same total area. This effect of "graininess" is relevant to public policy regarding land use but is only beginning to be understood. Preliminary studies in the Amazon, for instance, indicate that regional climate has already been modified as a result of land cover changes and their associated albedo, water flux, and biogeochemical consequences. This session will focus on the interaction of land cover with climate and hydrology, with special attention given to the consequences of human alterations and land use.
Conveners: Bob Dickinson, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Tel: +1-602-621-2810; Fax: +1-602-621-6833; E-mail: robted@air.atmo.arizona.edu; Dork Sahagian, IGBP/GAIM, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA; Tel: +1-603-862-3875; Fax: +1-603-962-3874; E-mail: gaim@unh.edu
B02 Biospheric Interactions With Climate and Extreme Events: A Tribute to the Late Hans Oeschger (Joint with A and OS)
Understanding the modes of operation of the Earth system depends on successfully identifying and quantifying the interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere. Even without human perturbation, the Earth system has undergone numerous rapid climate changes, the causes of which are still unclear. However, the record of such events is emerging as evidence continues to be recovered from ice cores, tree rings, and other geological, cryological, and biological proxies for past climate changes. In order to understand the causes and climatic consequences/feedbacks associated with the inferred events, it is necessary to determine their relative timing and duration, as well as the mechanisms of interaction between atmospheric temperature distribution and circulation, glacial extent, sea surface temperatures, atmospheric carbon-based greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2, CH4), and the distribution of terrestrial biomes and marine primary productivity. In the tradition of the late Hans Oeschger, this session will focus on exploring the causes and consequences of past climate change events, so that consequences of present anthropogenic perturbations can be better understood. Abstracts are solicited which bear on rapid climate change, evolution of atmospheric composition, records of extreme events or "switching" of modes of planetary energy redistribution, or the implications of future anthropogenically induced climate changes.
Conveners: Frank Oldfield, Executive Director, PAGES IPO, Barenplatz 2, CH-3011 Bern, Switzerland; Tel: +41 31 312 3133; Fax: +41 31 312 3168; E-mail: frank.oldfield@pages.unibe.ch; Dork Sahagian, IGBP/GAIM, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA; Tel: +1-603-862-3875; Fax: +1-603-962-3874; E-mail: gaim@unh.edu
B03 Global Terrestrial Ecosystem Modeling
The terrestrial ecosystem exchanges energy, water, carbon dioxide, and various trace gases with the atmosphere and thus interacts with the climate system. The interactions between changes in land cover and natural versus emissions-induced atmospheric forcings are not fully understood, despite their importance in regional climate, agricultural sustainability, and biosphere/atmosphere feedback mechanisms in global climate models. In addition, there exist few tools to evaluate global terrestrial and climate system simulations. This session will focus on our understanding of terrestrial ecosystems regarding atmospheric exchanges, processes associated with biogeochemical fluxes, and their linkages to the biogeophysical aspects of energy exchange. Land surface and ecosystem models using various approaches to model evaluation and validation will be identified to detect gaps in both our understanding of ecosystem processes and our global validation data sets.
Conveners: Kathy Hibbard, IGBP/GAIM, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA; Tel: +1-603-862-4255; Fax: +1-603-862-3874; E-mail: kathyh@eos.sr.unh.edu; Jason Neff, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499 USA; Tel: +1-970-491-1119; Fax: +1-970-492-1965; E-mail: jasonn@nrel.colostate.edu
B04 Evolutionary Dynamics: The Evolutionary Play in the Geophysical Theater
Life on Earth has evolved to its present state within the context of coevolving geophysical conditions. The energetic, hydrologic, and chemical environment provided by the Earth has itself been affected by the existence of life. The mechanisms by which biological evolutionary processes proceed are controlled by "equilibrium" geophysical conditions and punctuated by extreme events such as impacts, major volcanic episodes, and glaciations. We seek contributions that enhance our understanding of evolutionary processes using the integration of evolutionary and developmental biology, geochemistry, geology, and geophysics.
Conveners: Sam Bowring, DEPS, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; Tel: +1-617-253-3775; Fax: +1-617-253-6735; E-mail: sbowring@mit.edu; Doug Erwin, Smithsonian, NMNH, Department of Mineral Resources, Washington, DC 20560 USA; Tel: +1-202-357-2060; Fax: +1-202-357-2476
B05 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) in Deep-Sea Sediments: Plankton Input or Bacterial Origin? (Joint with OS)
Polyunsaturated fatty acids have been used as biomarkers of planktonic inputs from surface waters to the deep-sea sediments. Recent studies revealed that piezophilic and psychrophilic bacteria contained polyunsaturated fatty acids such as C20:5 (cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) or C22:6 (cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). These bacteria have been isolated from the water column, sediments, intestinal tracts, and decaying parts of the deep-sea invertebrates. It has been speculated that the synthesis of PUFA reflects a mechanism of adaptation by the deep-sea barophiles to the permanent cold and pressurized environment. The purpose of the session is to provide an overview of the many facets of this exciting field, such as composition and abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in surface plankton and deep-sea bacteria, flux of PUFA from surface water to the deep-sea sediment, the use of PUFA as proxies to determine the sources of organic matter and depositional history, fixation and utilization in carbon cycle in marine ecosystems, and reconstruction of paleoceanic environments.
Conveners: Jiasong Fang, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1213 IST Bldg., 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099 USA; Tel: +1-734-936-3177; Fax: +1-734-763-6513; E-mail: jsfang@engin.umich.edu; Philip Meyers, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, 2021 C. C. Little Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063 USA; Tel: +1-734-764-0597; Fax: +1-734-763-4690; E-mail: pameyers@umich.edu
B06 Isotopes in Biogeochemistry and Global Change (Joint with A, H, and OS)
Variations in the isotopic composition of molecules due to biotic activity can provide substantial insight into the processes that have influenced these compounds during their lifetimes. These isotopic signals have led to significant advances in understanding the role of the biosphere in
biogeochemical cycling and of how these cycles have changed over time. In this session, we encourage submission of isotope-based experimental and modeling-based approaches to understanding natural and anthropogenic changes to biogeochemical processes. We especially encourage submissions in fields such as oceanography, hydrology, atmospheric science, and terrestrial ecology that will facilitate the development of a cross-system understanding of biogeochemical transformations in a global change context.
Conveners: Christopher Still, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; Tel: +1-650-325-1521; Fax: +1-650-325-3748; E-mail: still@leland.stanford.edu; Jim Randerson, Center for Atmospheric Sciences, McCone Hall #4767, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767 USA; Tel: +1-510-642-2488; Fax: +1-510-643-9377; E-mail: jimr@sequoia.atmos.berkeley.edu
B07 Wetlands (Joint with A, H, and OS)
Wetlands play a key role in biogeochemical and hydrologic cycles. While they cover only about 1% of the Earth's surface, they are responsible for a much greater proportion of biogeochemical fluxes between the land surface, the atmosphere, the ocean, and continental hydrologic systems. They play a particularly important function in processing methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfur as well as in sequestering carbon. Significant advances are being made in determining the extent and timing of inundation of wetlands and understanding the biogeochemical processes that control fluxes of methane and other trace gases. In order to better quantify the role of wetlands in global biogeochemical cycles, the relation between inundation, land cover, and biogeochemical fluxes must be more accurately determined. An improved understanding of this relation will make it possible to better use observed or historical changes in land cover to infer changes in biogeochemical fluxes, including the cycles of gases such as methane and carbon dioxide, which affect the radiative balance of the atmosphere. This session will focus on the biogeochemical and biogeophysical processes in wetlands and the interaction of wetland biology with the atmosphere, ocean, ground water, and surface hydrology.
Conveners: John Melack, Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; Tel: +1-805-893-3879; Fax: +1-805- 893-4724; E-mail: melack@lifesci.ucsb.edu; Dork Sahagian, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA; Tel: +1-603-862-3875; Fax: +1-603-962-3874; E-mail: gaim@unh.edu
B08 Transport of Microorganisms in the Subsurface Environment (Joint with H)
Concern over issues as widespread as the transmission of waterborne diseases, the recovery of secondary oil, and the bioremediation of contaminated aquifers has spurred interest in the transport of microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, and protozoa) in the subsurface environment. Research on the physical and chemical factors that influence microorganism transport is occurring at different scales (pore-scale grain simulations, flow-through columns, intermediate-scale tanks, and field injections and recoveries) with little integration of the results obtained at different scales. The purpose of this session is to consider the effect of experimental scale on identification and modeling of key microorganism transport parameters.
Conveners: Ronald W. Harvey, U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, CO 80303 USA; Tel: +1-303-499-2582; Fax: +1-303-447-2505; E-mail: rwharvey@usgs.gov; Joseph N. Ryan, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Campus Box 428, Boulder, CO 80309-0428 USA; Tel: +1-303-482-0772; Fax: +1-801-327-7112; E-mail: joe.ryan@colorado.edu
B09 Ocean Color and Biological Primary Productivity (Joint with OS)
Ocean color is measured by satellite remote sensing and can be used as a proxy for the measurement of marine primary productivity. Phytoplankton living in the surface layers of the ocean draw carbon from the atmosphere and thus play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. As such, accurate quantitative biological interpretation of ocean color data is essential to understanding the variations as well as changes in sequestration of carbon in response to anthropogenically induced alterations of atmospheric composition. This session will focus on the utilization of ocean color data to determine marine primary productivity and its sensitivity to variations in atmospheric composition, sea surface temperatures, and other factors which affect marine biological activity.
Conveners: Toby Garfield, Romberg Tiburon Center, San Francisco State University, P.O. Box 855, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA; Phone: +1-415-338-3713; Fax: +1-415-435-7120; E-mail: garfield@sfsu.edu; Dork Sahagian, IGBP/GAIM, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA; Tel: +1-603-862-3875; Fax: +1-603-962-3874; E-mail: gaim@unh.edu
B10 Deep Biospheres: Where and How? (Joint with OS)
We now recognize that microbial communities live deep within the Earth's crust. From the few samples obtained to date, we have discovered that life extends down at least 3 km and that dense microbial communities could exist in extensive subsurface areas associated with hydrothermal circulation. However, the extent of and limits to life in these extreme environments have not been delineated. Furthermore, the very existence of a deep biosphere opens worlds of possibilities for life on other planetary bodies. In the proposed session, speakers will inform the community of the latest results on this difficult environment and engender discussion on the extent, economy, and significance of deep biospheres to Earth and to
planetary exploration.
Conveners: Michael A. Meyer, Code SR, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA; Tel: +1-202-358-0307; Fax: +1-202-358-3097; E-mail: mmeyer@hq.nasa.gov; G. Michael Purdy, National Science Foundation, OCE, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22230 USA; Tel: +1-703-306-1580; Fax: +1-703-306-0390; E-mail: mpurdy@nsf.gov
B11 Balancing the Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Budget (Joint with A)
The global atmospheric budget for anthropogenic CO2 is imbalanced. This imbalance, or "missing sink," hinders future projections of atmospheric CO2 levels and climate change. Results of CO2 concentrations, O measurements, and eddy correlation techniques suggest that temperate forests are removing large amounts of carbon from the atmosphere. Understanding how this sequestration occurs will lead to improved estimates of future CO2 levels and provide the basis for evaluating mitigation strategies. Possible locations for the sequestered carbon include vegetation and soil. For example, elevated carbon dioxide levels, anthropogenic nitrogen deposition, and even climate change may increase carbon storage in terrestrial vegetation and soil. Other mechanisms for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere include increased ocean uptake and increased weathering. This session evaluates potential mechanisms for explaining the missing sink and explores how these sinks will change in the future.
Conveners: Kevin Harrison, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Devlin Hall, Room 213, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3814 USA; Tel: +1-617-552-4653; Fax: +1-617-552-2462; E-mail: kevin.harrison@bc.edu; BethAnn Zambella, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; Tel: +1-617-496-5403; E-mail: bzambell@fas.harvard.edu; Bruce Hungate, Department of Biological Sciences, Box 5640, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640 USA; Phone: +1-520-523-0925; Fax: +1-520-523-7500; E-mail: bruce.hungate@nau.edu
B12 Hydrogen Biogeochemistry (Joint with A and OS)
Hydrogen (H2) is an important molecule in the Earth system. It is the fifth most abundant reactive gas in the dry atmosphere and is an important component of water vapor formed in the stratosphere, where it participates in free radical chemistry. Hydrogen is also an important biological metabolite, which is consumed in aerobic environments but is both produced and consumed in anaerobic environments. Despite its global importance, the biogeochemical cycle of hydrogen is poorly characterized. This session will encompass all aspects of hydrogen biogeochemistry, including atmospheric, oceanic, sedimentary, and terrestrial hydrogen cycling, as well as source/sink distributions and the importance of hydrogen in anoxic environments. This special session seeks contributions which explore any aspect of the biogeochemical cycle of hydrogen.
Conveners: David L. Valentine, University of California, Irvine, Department of Earth System Science, 220 Rowland Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3100 USA; Tel: +1-949-824-4081; Fax: +1-949-824-3256; E-mail: dvalenti@uci.edu; William S. Reeburgh, University of California, Irvine, Department of Earth System Science, 220 Rowland Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3100 USA; Tel: +1-949-824-2986; Fax: +1-949-824-3256; E-mail: reeburgh@uci.edu
B13 Assessing the Range of Central North American Droughts and Associated Land Cover Change (Joint with H and OS)
This session will focus on the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental history of central North America during the Holocene, with an emphasis on drought in the last 2000 years. It is important to document the timing, severity, duration, and spatial patterns of past droughts in this region in order to provide the "paleo-perspective" needed to understand and assess land cover change in central North America. The observed climate-induced land cover change during twentieth century droughts was minor compared with changes that occurred previously, and we must understand these "paleo" changes if we are going to be able to anticipate the full range of possible future land cover changes. The goal of the session will be to synthesize the evidence for central North American drought and related environmental changes from climatic and environmental proxies such as eolian and lake sediments, tree rings, historical documents, and archaeological remains.
Conveners: Connie Woodhouse, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, CB 450, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; Tel: +1-303-497-6297; Fax: +1-303-497-6513; E-mail: woodhous@ngdc.noaa.gov; Robert Webb, NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, National Geophysical Data Center, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA; Tel: +1-303-497-6967; Fax: +1-303-497-6513; E-mail: rwebb@ngdc.noaa.gov
B14 Astrobiology (Joint with P)
This session will highlight the emerging interdisciplinary field of astrobiology. Invited talks will be chosen to cover the range of topics including origin of life, history of the Earth, habitable planets elsewhere, and the search for life elsewhere. The session will highlight the interaction between planetary scientists, Earth scientists, and biologists. It is expected that contributed papers will reflect this diversity.
Conveners: Christopher P. McKay, Space Science Division 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Tel: +1-650-604-6864; Fax: +1-650-604-6779; E-mail: cmckay@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Samuel A. Bowring, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science, MIT, Building 54-1124, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; Tel: +1-617-253-3775; Fax: 1-617-253-6735; E-mail: sbowring@mit.edu
Education & Public Policy (EP)
EP01 Shaping the Future of Undergraduate Earth Science Education: Where Are We Three Years Later?
In November of 1996, with broad support from NSF Geoscience Directorate and Division of Undergraduate Education and the Keck Geology Consortium, AGU convened a workshop to examine the future of undergraduate education. Forty-eight participants including faculty, department chairs, deans, and representatives from federal agencies met in seven panels to develop recommendations for undergraduate studies. The result of that workshop was a report, Shaping the Future of Undergraduate Earth Science Education, Innovation and Change Using an Earth System Approach (AGU, 1997), detailing the panelist's deliberations. This session will provide a forum for projects spawned by the workshop and other calls for innovation in undergraduate education.
Conveners: M. Frank Watt Ireton, Manager, Education Programs, American Geophyiscal Union, 2000 Florida Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 USA; Tel: +1-202-777-7508; Fax: +1-202-328-0566; E-mail: fireton@agu.org; Cathy Manduca, Carleton College, One North College Street, Northfield, MN 55057 USA; Tel: +1-507-252-8658; Fax: +1-507-646-4400; E-mail: cmanduca@carleton.edu; David Mogk, Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA; Tel: +1-406-994-6916; Fax: +1-406-994-6923; E-mail: mogk@montana.edu
EP02 Good Practice in Career Mentoring in the Earth and Planetary Sciences
Several recent reports have strongly recommended that students' access to information about
career paths and opportunities be improved so that they can make better informed career decisions. These reports also urge students to obtain access to various career experiences, such as internships, fellowships, exchange visits, or networking with scientists in different types of academic and nonacademic institutions. The responsibility for arranging access to information and experience regularly falls to faculty, some of whom may not feel sufficiently prepared to accept it fully. In part, access is provided through the curriculum, but a significant portion is made available through the personal relationship between faculty and students called mentoring. Mentoring of students, which begins with assisting the high-school student to develop into a college or university student, gradually changes to assisting the graduate student to develop into a professional colleague. In this session, contributors will report on their mentoring experience as examples of good practice in mentoring Earth and planetary science students for careers in academia, industry, government, or nonprofit organizations.
Conveners: Dean A. McManus, School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195-7940 USA; Tel: +1-206-543-0587; Fax: +1-206-543-6073; E-mail: mcmanus@ocean.washington.edu; Ellen S. Kappel, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, HA 372, Washington, DC 20418 USA; Tel: +1-202-334-2744; E-mail: ekappel@nas.edu
EP03 Digital Libraries for Earth System Education
The information revolution brought about by the Internet has tremendous potential for transforming the nature of science education. This potential has not been realized because of
the fragmentary nature of Web-based materials. Faculty and students lack efficient search
mechanisms for finding the information or data sets they need, the interfaces they need to use
materials effectively, and an assessment of the quality of materials. Recognition of the need
for much improved access to resources via the Web has led to an emerging movement to establish a national digital library for science education. In the geosciences, electronic libraries will support a new paradigm for interdisciplinary learning on how the Earth system works on all scales of space and time; this will impact learning at all educational levels. It is a daunting but exciting challenge involving complex issues of programming, cataloging, metadata structures, preservation, quality assurance, and intellectual property. This session will highlight recent contributions to and advances in research on geoscience-related digital libraries; the federal effort in support of digital libraries, including the Digital Earth concept; and developments in a community-based effort to establish a national digital library for Earth system education.
Conveners: Michael A. Mayhew, Directorate for Geosciences, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230 USA; Tel: +1-703-306-1557; Fax: +1-703-306-0382; E-mail: mmayhew@nsf.gov; Ming-Ying Wei, Office of Earth Science, Code YO, Room 5Q82, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546-0001 USA; Tel: +1-202-358-0771; Fax: +1-202-358-2771; E-mail: mwei@hq.nasa.gov
EP04 How Can Research in Space Physics and Aeronomy, Planetary, and Atmospheric Science Be Tied to the National Education Standards? (Joint with A, P, SA, SH, and SM)
In working with educators, we seek to bring the latest results of science research in space physics and aeronomy, planetary science, and atmospheric science to the education community so that students will be excited by and up-to-date with current understanding of why things happen the way they do. Teachers, however, are constrained to teach science content which fits within national and local education standards. Many excellent educational products and programs created by scientists will not be widely used if it is not clear to the teachers how they fit with the standards they are required to follow.
The National Education Standards (see http://spacelink.nasa.gov/
Instructional.Materials/National.Education.Standards.index.html or
http://www.mcrel.org/standards-benchmarks/ for links to Standards Documents) such as those enumerated in the National Research Council's "National Science Education Standards", the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics' "National Standards for School Mathematics", the International Technology Education Association's "National Technology Standards", and the National Council for Geographic Education's "National Geography Standards" are general
documents and provide limited guidance on ways our science research can be used to facilitate student learning. States are also developing their own curriculum frameworks in response to the National Education Standards. Making the connection between the latest research and the general science, math, and geography content categories provided in these standards documents is often not easy.
This session will offer scientists an opportunity to hear both from experts on education standards and from scientists and teachers, describing ways they are attempting to address national and state standards through education activities associated with scientific research. We invite contributions describing products and programs related to space physics and aeronomy, planetary science, and/or atmospheric science that have successfully addressed the relation to standards as examples of "best practices." The session will include both oral and poster presentations and will be followed by a discussion period.
Conveners: R. M. Johnson, Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA; Tel: +1-734-647-3430; Fax: +1-734-763 0437; E-mail: rmjohnsn@umich.edu; J. Thieman, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-286-9790; Fax: +1-301-286-1771; E-mail: thieman@nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov; M. J. Carlowicz (Raytheon ITSS at NASA Goddard), Mail Code 695, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-286-6353; Fax: +1-301-286-0264; E-mail: mcarlowi@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov
EP05 Explaining Evolution (Joint with B)
Scientific evidence overwhelmingly supports the theory of evolution. Independent scientific methods indicate that the ages of the Earth and universe are greater than 4 and 10 billion years, respectively. Evolution forms the basis for understanding modern biology, including molecular biology. Yet public understanding of the science underpinning these grand concepts remains poor. Further, teaching evolution in public schools often ignites controversy, illuminating misconceptions about the nature of science by educators and policymakers at all levels. Presenters in this session will review historical changes in the scientific understanding of the Earth and its environment in space, explore how scientists make the origins of life and age of the Earth intelligible, and address the challenges facing scientists who seek to explain the theory of evolution to a skeptical public.
Conveners: Peter F. Folger, American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009 USA; Tel: +1-202-777-7509; Fax: +1-202-328-0566; E-mail: pfolger@agu.org; Margo Kingston, U.S. Geological Survey, M.S. 954, Reston, VA 20192 USA; Tel: +1-703- 648-6369; Fax: +1-703-648-6684; E-mail: mkingsto@usgs.gov; Randy Richardson, University of Arizona, 501 Administration, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Tel: +1-520-621-825; Fax: +1-520- 621-5707; E-mail: rmr@u.arizona.edu
EP06 Earth Systems Science Education Partnerships: How Do K-16, Government, Industry, and Other Groups Work Together Successfully? (Joint with OS)
Partnerships among colleges and universities, K-12 systems, government laboratories, industries, professional societies, and other entities are currently changing the ways in which we learn and teach about the Earth system. These partnerships may be very local or may be linked to national and international initiatives. What they have in common is that they are forming in response to public concerns about national educational systems. In this special session we solicit submissions that address the following questions: How are these partnerships generated? What are some of the challenges that face partnerships? What have partnerships accomplished? How do we assess the changes effected by these partnerships? In what directions should these partnerships evolve in the coming years? This session is sponsored by the Oceanography section, and the AGU Committee on Education and Human Resources.
Conveners: Elizabeth L. Ambos, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and Department of Geological Sciences, California State University at Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA; Tel: +1-562-985-4931; Fax: +1-562-985-8638; E-mail: bambos@csulb.edu; Edward W. Ng, Education and Consulting Process Office, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 601-205, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 USA; Tel: +1-818-354-0166; E-mail: edward.ng@jpl.nasa.gov; Toby Garfield, San Francisco State University, RTC, P.O. Box 855, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA; Tel: +1-415-338-3713; Fax: +1-415-435-7120; E-mail: garfield@sfsu.edu
EP07 Best Practices in Teaching Petrology (Joint with V)
Undergraduate geoscience education is in the midst of sweeping change as faculty keep pace with changes in our understanding of the Earth system, take advantage of new technology, and focus on providing students with opportunities to take part in scientific discovery. While much effort has focused on the best practices in teaching introductory students, this session will explore the changes taking place in classes teaching petrology, part of the traditional core curriculum for students majoring in geology. Contributors will describe courses, laboratory and classroom exercises, or teaching practices that are effective in helping students learn petrologic concepts, methods, and the scientific habits of mind employed in the study of petrology. We encourage contributions from the full range of courses covering petrologic concepts (e.g., petrology, lithology, Earth materials, etc.). Authors are encouraged to describe both their successful practices and the methods that they have used to evaluate their success. The session is sponsored by the Education and Outreach Committee of the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology section.
Conveners: Cathryn A. Manduca, Keck Geology Consortium, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057 USA; Tel: +1-507 646-4425; Fax: +1-507 646-4400; E-mail: cmanduca@carleton.edu; Susan M. DeBari, Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA; Tel: +1-360-650-3588; Fax: +1-360-650-7302; E-mail: debari@cc.wwu.edu; Jill Karsten, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 2525 Correa Road, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 95822 USA; Tel: +1-808- 956-5033; Fax: +1-808-956-5512; E-mail: karsten@soest.hawaii.edu
Union (U)
U01 Core Structure and Rotation
This session brings together geophysicists studying the structure and dynamics of the Earth's core, including geomagnetists, geodynamo modelers, seismologists, mineral physicists, and geodesists. We solicit papers on topics related to differential core rotation and its time variation, core structure, and dynamic coupling between the inner core, outer core, and mantle. This session focuses on (1) seismic evidence for and against inner core anisotropy, heterogeneity, internal discontinuities, and differential inner core rotation, (2) mechanisms for causing the anisotropy, (3) correlations among variations in length of day, the geomagnetic field, and inner core rotation in the context of the various possible mechanisms of core-mantle coupling, inner core-outer core coupling, and geodynamo theory, and (4) geodetic studies of polar motion and nutations, including the free outer-core and inner-core nutations, and their implications for core dynamics and coupling processes.
Conveners: V. Dehant, Royal Observatory of Belgium, 3, avenue Circulaire, B-1180 Bruxelles, Belgium; Tel: +32-2-373-0266; Fax: +32-2-374-9822; E-mail: v.dehant@oma.be; Stephen Zatman, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; Tel: +1-510-642-6331; Fax: +1-510-643-9980; E-mail: zatman@seismo.berkeley.edu; Kenneth Creager, University of Washington, Geophysics Box 351650, Seattle, WA 98195-1650 USA; Tel: +1-206-685-2803; Fax: +1- 206-543-0489; E-mail: kcc@geophys.washington.edu
U02 The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake 10th Anniversary Session
The Mw6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake struck the San Francisco and Monterey Bay areas of central California on October 17, 1989. This large earthquake killed 63 people and caused $6 billion worth of property damage. In the 10 years since Loma Prieta our viewpoints about many facets of earthquake hazard in this metropolitan region have changed. We now think differently about earthquake mechanics in this region and respond differently when either rebuilding the infrastructure that was damaged by Loma Prieta or planning for future seismic events. We welcome presentations related to the impacts of Loma Prieta and the lessons that we have learned from scientific, engineering, sociological, and economic perspectives.
Conveners: Ruth A. Harris and Thomas Holzer, USGS, Menlo Park, Mail Stop 977, USGS, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA; Tel: +1-650-329-4842; Fax: +1- 650-329-5163; E-mail: rharris@usgs.gov; tholzer@usgs.gov
U03 Linking Continental and Ocean Paleorecords: The PEP Transects
One of the most urgent challenges for those seeking to understand the dynamics of the Earth system on timescales ranging from decades to millennia is to improve the linkage between paleorecords from continental and marine archives. Traditionally, these have been the concern of separate research communities, though the IGBP Past Global Changes (PAGES) project is now succeeding in uniting these at both regional and global level through the Pole-Equator-Pole (PEP) Transects and the (IMAGES) International Marine Global Change Study Program, the latter cosponsored with SCOR. The session will draw on the expertise of participants in the PAGES program, notably those involved in PEP I, the transect of the Americas. Topics will include (1) comparing and synchronizing detailed marine and continental records of climate change for key time intervals and in key locations; (2) the use of both types of archive to improve our understanding of teleconnections in the climate system on a range of temporal scales; (3) the implications of synchronous marine and continental changes for modeling past changes in the global carbon cycle; (4) comparisons between marine and continental evidence for the amplitude of climate change, for example, between the Last Glacial Maximum and the present day; (5) improving the basis for reconstructing and modeling feedbacks to the climate system from changes in the oceans and the terrestrial biosphere; (6) the role of past changes in terrestrial dust flux for both climate and marine productivity; and (7) the use of near-shore marine sediment archives, for example, from corals and major estuaries, as high-resolution records of continental changes.
Conveners: Geoffrey O. Seltzer, Department of Earth Sciences, 204 Heroy Geology Lab, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-1070 USA; Tel: +1-315-443-4980; Fax: +1-315-443-3363; E-mail: goseltze@syr.edu; Keith Alverson, Science Officer, PAGES IPO, Barenplatz 2, CH 3011 Bern, Switzerland; Tel: +41-31-312-3133; Fax: +41-31-312-3168; E-mail: keith.alverson@pages.unibe.ch; Donald Rodbell, Geology Department, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308-2311 USA; Tel: +1-518-388-6034; Fax: +1-518-388-6417; E-mail: rodbelld@union.edu; Frank Oldfield, Executive Director, PAGES IPO, Barenplatz 2, CH-3011 Bern, Switzerland; Tel: +41-31-312-3133; Fax: +41-31-312-3168; E-mail: frank.oldfield@pages.unibe.ch
U04 Earth System Integration and Modeling
Investigating the dynamic behavior of the Earth system is motivated by our limited knowledge of the consequences of large-scale perturbations of the Earth system by human activities (e.g., emissions and land use). It is essential to determine whether the system will be resilient with respect to such perturbations or will be driven toward qualitatively new modes of planetary operation. As a prerequisite, it is necessary to better understand how the unperturbed Earth system behaves. Present state-of-the-art climate models are too complex and thus too slow to run fully coupled models for extended model times on present machines. It is thus helpful to use so-called Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs). This session will focus on techniques for such models and their application to system analysis of paleoclimate and future Earth development.
Conveners: Martin Claussen, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Postfach 601203, D- 14412 Potsdam, Germany (Courier: Telegrafenberg C4, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany); Tel: +49-331-288-2522; Fax: +49-331-288-2600; E-mail: claussen@pik-potsdam.de; Dork Sahagian, IGBP/GAIM, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA; Tel: +1-603 862-3875; Fax: +1-603 962 3874; E-mail: gaim@unh.edu
U05 Rapid Climate Change and the Oceans
High-latitude paleoclimate records indicate that millenium-scale Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) climate oscillations were a prominent feature of the last glacial period. The rapidity, cyclicity, and extensive influence of these oscillations challenge our current understanding of the global
climate system, particularly the ocean thermohaline circulation. This has been reinforced by the apparent asynchrony between Arctic and Antarctic ice core climate records during D-O events, an explanation of which needs a detailed understanding of the intricate freshwater forcing of the
thermohaline circulation system. In addition, it is important to address the extreme hazard of the possible disastrous failure of the deep water system due to the impact of enhanced
high-latitudinal freshwater input which could occur in a future global warming scenario. Although it is often assumed that the millennium timescale variability arises due to a
"fibrillation" in the strength of the thermohaline circulation in the Atlantic Ocean basin, there are many issues which remain unresolved. These include paleoceanographic observations
assessing seasurface salinity and temperature as well as the properties of the upper water column (e.g., oscillations of the halocline) associated with the millenum-scale climate variations. In the area of theory, a fundamental unresolved issue is the nature of the coupling during such oscillations of the surface buoyancy flux changes due to freshwater runoff from the continents and thermohaline circulation strength. Thus observational, proxy data, modeling, and synthesizing papers addressing any aspect of rapid climate change, the ocean circulation variability, and seasurface conditions during the Late Quaternary, former interglacials (e.g., isotopic stages 5e, 9, 11, etc...) and in future climates are welcome.
Conveners: W. R. Peltier, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7; Tel: +1-416-978-2938; Fax: +1-416-978-8905; E-mail: peltier@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca; Dan Seidov, Earth System Science Center, Pennsylvania State University, 248 Deike Bldg., University Park, PA 16802-2711 USA; Tel: +1- 814-865-1921; Fax: +1-814-865-3191; E-mail: dseidov@essc.psu.edu; C. Hillaire-Marcel, GEOTOP, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, C.P. 8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3C-3P8; Tel: +1-514-987-4630; Fax: +1-514-987-4634; E-mail: chm@uqam.ca; Mark Maslin, Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AP, United Kingdom; Tel: +44-171-380-7556; Fax: +44-171-380-7565; E-mail: mmaslin@geography.ucl.ac.uk; Jerry McManus, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; Tel: +1-508-548-1400; Fax: +1-508-457-2183; E-mail: jmcmanus@whoi.edu; Laurent Labeyrie, LSCE, Unité mixte CEA-CNRS, Domaine du CNRS, av. de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex France; Tel: +33-1-69-82-35-36; Fax: +33-1-69-82-35-68; E-mail: labeyrie@lsce.cnrs-gif.fr; Thomas Stocker, Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Tel: +41-31-631-44-64; Fax: +41-31-631-44- 05; E-mail: stocker@climate.unibe.ch
U06 The Solid Earth's Chemistry: Global Inventories and Fluxes
Significant advances with the identification of recycled components in the mantle, with metal-silicate elemental fractionation at high pressure, and with flux inventories at ridge crest and subduction zones mirror the progress accomplished by mantle seismic tomography. Time has now come to integrate these new findings into a global model of the solid Earth and to summarize what we are learning about the composition of reservoirs otherwise inaccessible and
their exchange of material. Using the results of the GERM and REM initiatives as background, a strong priority will be given to the integration of the chemical and physical properties of the major terrestrial reservoirs into an optimum reference model. Geochemical messages from the geological record and the modern chemical differentiation of the Earth will also be analyzed with reference to the long-term geochemical dynamics and with emphasis on mantle convective regimes.
Conveners: Francis Albarede, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, 46 Allee d'Italie 69364 Lyon cedex 7, France; Tel: +33-472-728-414; Fax: +33-472-728-6-77; E-mail: albarede@ens-lyon.fr; Erik Hauri, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institute of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington DC 20015 USA; Tel: +1-202-686-4391 or 202-686-4370 ext. 4391; Fax: +1-202-364-8726; E-mail: hauri@dtm.ciw.edu
U07 Unfrozen Water in Natural Systems at Subzero Temperatures: Quantifying Its Effects on Physical, Chemical, and Biological Processes
This special session will summarize recent advances in the measurement and modeling of the thermophysical properties of aqueous electrolyte solutions at subzero temperatures. Aqueous electrolyte solutions can remain liquid to temperatures below -80°C due to capillary or osmotic effects (e.g., as bulk liquids in brines or as liquid films in frozen dispersed material, such as frozen ground or frozen organic material, in ices, and at the surfaces of atmospheric aerosols). While solutions may persist in frozen systems to vanishingly small amounts, it is well established that they can have profound effects on the physical, chemical, and biological behavior in these environments. Among the more important examples are the mechanical strengths of sea ice and frozen ground, photolytic reactions in atmospheric aerosols, contaminant fate and transport in the Arctic and Antarctic, persistence of life in extremely cold environments, and geochemical development on Mars and Europa. Thermophysical properties (e.g., heat capacities, viscosities, densities, and solubilities) of solutions at extremely low temperatures differ substantially from those at room temperature. These changes in properties cause pronounced alterations in the physical and chemical properties of ground, ice, aerosols, and brines at low temperatures. These phenomena are active research topics in diverse disciplines that interact rarely: physical chemistry, geochemistry, glaciology, atmospheric science, soil science. condensed-matter physics, and planetary science.
Conveners: S. A. Grant, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH 03755-1290 USA; Tel: +1-603-646-4446; Fax: +1-603-646-4561; E-mail: sgrant@crrel.usace.army.mil; G. M. Marion, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH 03755-1290 USA; Tel: +1-603-646-4676; Fax: +1-603-646-4561; E-mail: gmarion@crrel.usace.army.mil; R. S. Sletten, Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Box 351360, Seattle, WA 98195-1360 USA; Tel: +1-206-543-0571; Fax: +1-206-543-3836; E-mail: sletten@u.washington.edu
U08 Integrated Models of Earth Structure and Evolution
Global geophysics/geochemistry is now at a point where it is clear that future progress in our understanding of the structure and evolution of the Earth requires a truly multidisciplinary approach. At the same time, many subdisciplines within geophysics are becoming sufficiently mature that "reference" data sets and algorithms can be defined that serve to constrain our modeling and conceivably be used by nonspecialists. This session invites papers on 1) reference data sets and algorithms from seismology, geodynamics, geodesy, geomagnetism, etc., 2) potential "reference" models in individual subdisciplines (such as a successor to PREM, electric conductivity, etc.), 3) models which tie together several subdisciplines of geophysics (e.g. mineral physics models that constrain seismic modeling), and 4) models which attempt to reconcile geophysical and geochemical data. We also encourage papers that give feedback from one subdiscipline to another (e.g., the effect of current uncertainties in seismic tomography on geodynamical modeling).
Conveners: Guy Masters, IGPP, 0225, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA; Tel: +1-619-534-4122; Fax: +1-619-534-5332; E-mail: gmasters@ucsd.edu; Adam Dziewonski, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge MA 02138 USA; Tel: +1-617-495-2510; Fax: +1-617-495-8839; E-mail: dziewons@geophysics.harvard.edu; Gabi Laske, IGPP, 0225, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA; Tel: +1-619-534-8774; Fax: +1-619-534-5332; E-mail: glaske@ucsd.edu; Jerry X. Mitrovica, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7; Tel: +1-416-978-4946; Fax: +1-416-978-7606; E-mail: jxm@physics.utoronto.ca; Lars Stixrude, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, 425 E. University Avenue, 2534 C. C. Little Bldg., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063 USA; Tel: +1-734-647-9071; Fax: +1-734-763-4690; E-mail: stixrude@umich.edu
U09 Early Results From New Satellite Missions
Recent satellite launches have provided the opportunity to yield new insight into the properties of various aspects of the Earth system. Most notable are the launches of the Landsat 7 and QuikScat spacecraft in April and June, respectively, of 1999. Papers offering results from these spacecraft and any other Earth-viewing research satellites launched in 1999, including the planned launch of Terra in the fall of 1999, are desired. Contributions from investigators from all countries representing satellites from all nations and agencies are encouraged.
Conveners: Jack A. Kaye, NASA Headquarters, Code YS, Washington, DC 20546 USA for express mail, use 300 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20024-3210; Tel: +1-202-358-0757; Fax: +1- 202-358-2770; E-mail Jack.Kaye@hq.nasa.gov
Atmospheric Sciences (A)
A01 Antarctic Tropospheric Sources and Sinks of Sulfur, Halogens, Nitrogen Oxides, and Ozone
The Antarctic is now recognized as the most isolated and hence pollution-free continent on planet Earth. However, despite some 30 years of chemical observations on this isolated continent many of the basic chemical and dynamical processes which collectively act to define the chemical composition of the tropospheric environment are still poorly understood. This session will include papers on new observational and modeling studies that address this issue.
Conveners: Doug Davis, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA; Tel: +1-404-894-9565; Fax: 404-894-1993; E-mail: dd16@prism.gatech.edu; Eric Wolff, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET United Kingdom; Tel: +44-1223-2214-91; Fax: +44-1223-3626-16; E-mail: e.wolff@bas.ac.uk
A02 Program for Research on Oxidants: PHotochemistry, Emissions, and Transport (PROPHET) Summer 1998 Measurements Intensive
A large suite of simultaneous chemical species and meteorological observations were obtained from two towers during the summer of 1998 to study the photochemical and transport processes that determine oxidant formation and loss at a forested site in northern Michigan. Measurements of ambient levels of ozone, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, total reactive oxidized nitrogen, peroxyacyl nitrates, alkyl nitrates, isoprene nitrates, isoprene, methyl vinyl ketone, mathacroline, 3-methyl furan, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and other volatile organic compounds, hydroxyl radical, hydroperoxy radical, peroxides, mercury, acidic gases, aerosol size and number, radiation, and meteorological parameters were made at the 31-m PROPHET tower; isoprene, carbon dioxide, and water vapor flux measurements were conducted at the 46-m AmeriFlux tower; vertical information on hydrocarbon levels were determined via grab sampling by aircraft; and back trajectory calculations were performed. Papers involving presentation of both observational and modeling results obtained during the PROPHET Summer 1998 Measurements Intensive, as well as those presenting information on the state of the atmosphere during the Intensive through analysis of meteorological data, are desired for this session.
Conveners: Mary Anne Carroll, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA; Tel: +1-313-763-4066, Fax: +1-313-764-5137; E-mail: mcarroll@umich.edu; Paul B. Shepson, Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, and Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 1393 Brown Building, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1393 USA; Tel: +1-765-494-7441; Fax: +1-765-494-0239; E-mail: pshepson@purdue.edu; Steven Bertman, Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA; Tel: +1-616-387-2866; Fax: +1-616-387-2909; E-mail: bertman@wmich.edu
A03 New Results From CRISTA's Second Mission
In August of 1997, the crew of the space shuttle launched the ASTRO-SPAS satellite on the 8-day CRISTA-SPAS 2 mission. Included in the payload complement was the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment with the objective of measuring the distribution and transport of key trace gases in the lower thermosphere and middle atmosphere. CRISTA measured limb-scan intensity profiles in the wavelength region from 5.3 to 69 mm of 14 trace gases as well as temperature. CRISTA is unique in its ability to make spectroscopic observations with high spatial resolution. During the second mission this ability was further enhanced by actively controlling the spacecraft attitude to produce dense measurement grids over specific geographic regions. The geophysical conditions for the second flight were highly complementary to those of the first flight, in November 1994, and provided the opportunity for extensive observations of the summer polar mesosphere.
This special session will present the latest results from the analysis of these data. Invited and contributed papers will include results from the upper troposphere to the thermosphere and will provide new insight into the structures, dynamics, and photochemistry of the middle atmosphere. Examples of topics to be included are upper tropospheric H2O distribution, observations of high tropical clouds, temperature and O3 validation with ground-based measurements, type II PSC formation and polar chemistry, influence of aerosols on NOy partitioning, convective gravity waves in the tropical stratosphere, interaction of tides and planetary waves, and thermospheric CO2 and O densities. Complementary and related results will be solicited from the ITM and stratospheric communities.
Conveners: Stephen Eckermann, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA; Tel: +1-202-404-1299; Fax: +1-202-404-8090; E-mail: eckerman@ismap4.nrl.navy.mil; Klaus Grossmann, Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany; Tel: +49-202-4392603; Fax: +49-202-4392680; E-mail: gross@wpos2.physik.uni-wuppertal.de
A04 HOx Dilemmas in the Middle Atmosphere
Hydrogen radicals OH and HO2 (HOx) are known to play fundamental roles both in balancing the ozone budget and as oxidizing agents throughout the middle atmosphere. However, they have historically been a challenge to measure due to their short chemical lifetime and low abundance. New measurements of HOx from the ground, from balloons, and from space-based platforms have shown that the vertical distribution and diurnal behavior of HOx in the middle atmosphere are more complicated than once believed. Some results indicate that changes in key laboratory measured reaction rates are required, but what is required to fit one set of observations is often inappropriate for another. Other results show diurnal variations well beyond what can be explained by standard one-dimensional models. To help bring order to the dilemmas, this session solicits papers from recent HOx observations and/or models, both in the middle atmosphere and in the laboratory. Papers with new results on other species closely related to the distribution of HOx in the middle atmosphere such as ozone, water vapor, chlorine species, and nitrogen species are also solicited.
Conveners: Michael H. Stevens, Space Science Division, Code 7641, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA; Tel: +1-202-404-7226; Fax: +1-202-404-8090; E-mail: stevens@uap.nrl.navy.mil; Kenneth W. Jucks, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; Tel: +1-617-496-7580; Fax: +1-616-495-7467; E-mail: jucks@cfa.harvard.edu
A05 Biogenic VOC Emissions
Biogenic sources are the major contributors to tropospheric volatile organic compound concentrations, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Biogenic VOC can influence concentrations of oxidants and other important trace gases and are an important source of aerosols. They also play a role in biogeochemistry and carbon exchange. The results of chemistry and transport models are sensitive to biogenic VOC emission inputs, which have substantial uncertainties. As a result, there is a strong need for evaluating these estimates. In this session, results of recent studies on biogenic VOC emissions will be discussed, with a special focus on multidisciplinary experiments. This includes work in North America, Europe, Amazonia, and other regions. Specific topics addressed in this session include the influence of environmental parameters on biogenic VOC emissions, emission model development, photochemistry of biogenic VOC and secondary products (in canopy and above canopy), and formation of aerosols from biogenic VOC. Special emphasis will be given to the evaluation of emission model predictions using micrometeorological techniques, ambient measurements, and the results of chemistry and transport models.
Conveners: Alex Guenther, NCAR, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-1000 USA; Tel: +1-303-497-1447; Fax: +1-303-497-1400; E-mail: guenther@ucar.edu; Ralf Koppman, Inst. fuer Atmos. Chem., Forschungszentrum Juelich, D-52425 Juelich, Germany; Tel: +49-2461-615118; Fax: +49-2461-618190; E-mail: r.koppmann@fz-juelich.de
A06 Lightning and Atmospheric Chemistry
Lightning discharges induce chemical species such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), which can play a major role in atmospheric chemistry. Globally, lightning is thought to be one of the largest contributors to NOx production. There are several major uncertainties associated with estimating global NOx production by lightning, including mechanisms and yield of lightning NOx formation, physical properties of lightning discharges, and global and seasonal distributions of lightning. This session will present current views of the importance of lightning relevant to atmospheric chemistry. Papers are invited on physical and chemical characteristics of lightning on the basis of laboratory experiments, field measurements, and modeling calculations.
Conveners: Renyi Zhang, Department of Meteorology, 1204 Eller O&M Building, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845 USA; Tel: +1-409-845-7656; Fax: +1-409-862-4466; E-mail: zhang@ariel.atmu.edu; Richard E. Orville, Department of Meteorology, 1204 Eller O&M Building, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845 USA; Tel: +1-409-845-9244; Fax: +1-409-862-4466; E-mail: orville@ariel.tamu.edu
A07 Roles of Atmosphere, Land Surface, and Oceans in Determining the Monsoon Climate (Joint with B, H, and OS)
Climate conditions depend on atmospheric, land surface, and ocean circulation. Various disciplines advance the understanding of the climate system and improve climate predictability. Papers are solicited from atmospheric sciences, hydrology, ecology, and physical oceanography, to facilitate communication among these areas. We encourage papers that consider how atmospheric conditions such as circulation, water vapor, clouds, aerosols, ocean circulation and surface temperature, land surface vegetation, and hydrology contribute to climate conditions, especially monsoon climates and mechanisms, and especially in the context of North and South America and African monsoon regions. Presentations will be organized according to the geographic region, instead of by disciplines, to provide a broad spectrum of research results related to the same regional climate.
Conveners: Robert E. Dickinson, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, 1118 E. 4th. Street, Room. 544, P.O. Box 210081, Tucson, AZ 85721-0081 USA; Tel: +1-520- 621-2810; Fax: +1-520-621-6833; E-mail: robted@atmo.arizona.edu; Rong Fu, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, 1118 E. 4th. Street, Room 544, P.O. Box 210081, Tucson, AZ 85721-0081 USA; Tel: +1-520-621-6955; Fax: +1-520-621-6833; E-mail: fu@atmo.arizona.edu
A08 The Arctic Oscillation
Recent research has shown that the Arctic Oscillation (AO), or the "annular mode" of the Northern Hemisphere circulation, is a robust, deep, and fundamental mode of variability. The tropospheric signature of the AO is virtually indistinguishable from Sir Gilbert Walker's "North Atlantic Oscillation." Contributions to this session would encompass all aspects (observational, theoretical, modeling) of the Arctic Oscillation, its Southern Hemisphere counterpart, and analogous modes in idealized planetary atmospheres. These topics include basic description; dynamical interpretation; role in global climate change; coupling with the stratospheric circulation; influence on regional weather and climate; sensitivity to external influences such as the QBO; and influence on Arctic sea ice, the ocean circulation, and ground hydrology.
Conveners: Mark P. Baldwin, Northwest Research Associates, PO Box 3027, Bellevue, WA 98009-3027 USA; Tel: +1-425-644-9660 ext. 323; Fax: +1-425-644-8422; E-mail: mark@nwra.com; Express mail: 14508 NE 20th Street, Bellevue, WA 98007-3713 USA; David Thompson, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, JISAO, University of Washington, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195-4235 USA; Tel: +1-206-685-3775; Fax: +1-206-685-3397; E-mail: davet@atmos.washington.edu; Express Mail: JISAO, 1st Floor; 4909 25th Avenue NE; Seattle, WA 98195
A09 Historical Developments in Global Atmosphere and Ocean Modeling for Weather and Climate Prediction
Numerical modeling of the atmosphere and ocean is one of the principal scientific success stories of the last 50 years. Developments in global atmosphere and ocean modeling in the 1960s through the 1990s enabled operational centers to greatly improve medium-range and monthly to seasonal forecasts and to introduce, in the late 1990s, interannual forecasts of drought and precipitation. Similar but lower-resolution models integrated for decades or centuries have improved our understanding of climate; they provide the principal scientific basis for quantitative projections of the human influence on climate. This afternoon session will feature as invited speakers several of the chief contributors to these developments. Since no other AS sessions of general interest will run concurrently, it will enable a large audience to gain historical perspective on current work. The session will be preceded by the Bjerknes Lecture, and an evening reception following the session will feature a view of future prospects for weather and climate
prediction.
Conveners: William Bonner, Senior Research Associate, Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; Tel: +1-301-497-8927; E-mail: bonner@ucar.edu; Ted Feldman, Department of History, Box 5047, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5047 USA; Tel: +1-601-266-5642; Fax: +1-601- 266-4334; E-mail: theodore.feldman@usm.edu; Donald Johnson, Space Science Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53707 USA; Tel: +1-608- 262-2538; E-mail: donj@ssec.wisc.edu
A10 Clouds, Sea Ice, and the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic
The Arctic region offers a complex and unique contribution of clouds, sea ice, ocean, and aerosols, all of which contribute to the extremes found there in the shortwave and longwave radiation, and the influences of these factors on regional and global climate are lately becoming increasingly appreciated. The radiation field in this region is highly coupled with the state of the ocean and associated ice distribution because of its interaction with sea ice (through its effects on surface albedo). Sea ice distributions are determined in large part by the surface heat budget, which in turn is strongly affected by the cloud distribution. This session seeks to explore the linkages between distributions of sea ice, clouds, and radiation in the Arctic through examination of relevant observations and models. All relevant processes and forcings may be considered; those of special interest include the effects of Arctic haze, the effects of spatially inhomogeneous cloud distributions and of the Sun being low in the sky, the relative importance of supersaturation of water vapor in the Arctic troposphere, and the size distribution of cloud condensation nuclei.
Conveners: Don Perovich, USACRREL, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH 03755 USA; Tel: +1-603-646-4255; E-Mail: perovich@crrel.usace.army.mil; Vic Delnore, Mail Stop 483, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA; Tel: +1-757-864-1812; Fax: +1-757- 864-584; E-Mail: v.e.delnore@larc.nasa.gov
A11 Ensemble Climate Simulations
Ensemble simulations provide a means for evaluating and predicting climate variability in the atmosphere-ocean-Earth climate system. Ensembles also can be used to quantify model uncertainty and sensitivity. This session will provide an overview of recent progress and unresolved issues in the implementation, execution, and interpretation of ensemble simulations of climate and climate change. Contributions relating to the use of ensemble simulations for regional climate are especially encouraged.
Conveners: Raymond W. Arritt, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1010 USA; Tel: +1-515-294-9870; Fax: +1-515-294-2619; E-mail: rwarritt@iastate.edu; John O. Roads, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0224 USA; Tel: +1-619-534-2099; Fax: +1-619-534-8561; E-mail: jroads@ucsd.edu
A12 Lightning and Thunderstorm Electrification
Rapid technological advances are providing new information with which to study lightning and other discharge processes and to assess how electrical properties of storms depend on storm evolution and other storm properties. New technologies include ground-based and satellite systems for mapping lightning discharges, lightning-triggering installations, improved electric field sensors, microphysical probes, and polarimetric radar. Furthermore, laboratory studies continue to expand knowledge of microphysical processes that charge water particles, and more realistic numerical cloud models have been developed for examining the interactions and processes underlying the observed electrical properties of storms. This session seeks papers concerning any aspect of the physics, phenomenology, and effects of lightning, the electrical properties of storms, or the mechanisms by which storms become electrified. Of special interest are measurements of rocket-triggered lightning, observations by lightning mapping systems, satellite observations of lightning, lightning occurrence relative to other storm properties, electric fields or charge inside storms, laboratory studies of electrification mechanisms, and numerical storm simulations that include electrical processes.
Conveners: M. A. Uman, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116200, Gainesville, FL 32611-6200 USA; Tel: +1-352-392-0913; Fax: +1-352-392-8671; E-mail: uman@ece.ufl.edu; D. R. MacGorman, CIMMS, University of Oklahoma,100 E. Boyd, Room 110, Norman, OK 73019 USA; Tel: +1-405-325-5667; Fax: +1-405-325- 7614; E-mail: don.macgorman@nssl.noaa.gov
A13 Thunderstorm Electrical Effects on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere and Ionosphere (Joint with SA)
During the past decade a revolution has occurred in our understanding of the effects of lightning on the upper atmosphere. Spectacular optical and radio effects have been recorded that have resolved a number of puzzling and previously unexplained observations, and new microphysical theories have been advanced to account for the observations. The theories describe an upward electrical coupling that is stronger and more dynamical than was previously believed to be the case. This special session is devoted to the presentation related to all aspects of the rapidly evolving field of the effects of lightning on the middle and upper atmospheres. Contributions are solicited on all aspects of this new field, with particular emphasis on results from the NASA Sprites'99 field campaign Ground and Balloon-Borne Observations of Sprites and Jets and on theoretical papers that attempt to predict what the balloon-borne experiments may see.
Conveners: D. D. Sentman, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775 7320 USA; Tel: +1-907-474 6442; Fax: +1-907-474 7290; E-mail: dsentman@gi.alaska.edu; E. A. Bering, III, Physics Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 5506 USA; Tel: +1-713-743-3543; Fax: +1-713-743-3589; E-mail: eabering@uh.edu
A14 Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing, Climate, and Global Change Effects Over the Tropical Indian Ocean
The atmosphere above the tropical Indian Ocean plays an important, if not a central, role in the global change problem, for it is subject to pollution from over 2 billion humans from the south and southeast Asian region, which have rapidly growing economies. During the northeast monsoon season, polluted air masses from the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia, and China converge above the northern tropical Indian Ocean, making this an ideal natural platform to understand and quantify the direct and indirect aerosol forcing and estimate the role of the ITCZ in transporting chemical pollutants to the Southern Hemisphere. Recognizing this unique phenomena, over 200 scientists from around Europe, India, and the United States conducted an experiment in the tropical Indian Ocean as part of the multinational Indian Ocean experiment (INDOEX). Unprecedented data sets from ships, aircraft, surface stations, balloons, and satellites have been collected to assess the magnitude of anthropogenic contributions to aerosol climate forcing and tropospheric ozone chemistry, including several ozone precursor gases in the troposphere. While this session will be predominantly devoted to INDOEX results, papers from other tropical tropospheric aerosol experiments are encouraged.
Conveners: R. Charlson, University of Washington, Atmospheric Sciences Department, AK-40, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; Tel: +1-206-543-2537; Fax: +1-206-543-0308; E-mail: bobwhan@u.washington.edu; B. Gandrud, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80304 USA; Tel: +1-303-497-1038; Fax: +1-303-497-1092; E-mail: gandrud@ucar.edu; V. Ramanathan, Center for Clouds, Chemistry and Climate, Scripps Institute of Oceanography (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093-0239 USA; Tel: +1-619-534-8815; Fax: +1-619-822-1632; E-mail: ram@ucsd.edu
A15 Current and Future Progress on the Chemistry of Tropospheric Aerosols
The complex chemical composition and morphology of individual atmospheric particles is being increasingly revealed in field measurements (e.g., single particle mass spectrometry). Laboratory studies are taking advantage of this information to generate increasingly more realistic particles in the laboratory and to carry out process studies on the phase transitions and heterogeneous chemistry of these particles. In turn, the better information on atmospheric processes is being incorporated into microphysical models. Field, lab, and modeling papers are encouraged within this theme.
Conveners: Scot T. Martin, Aquatic and Atmospheric Chemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, CB#7400, 112 Rosenau Hall,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400 USA; Tel: +1-919- 966-9698; Fax: +1-919-966-7911; E-mail: scot_martin@unc.edu
A16 Modeling and Measurement of Global Aerosol Climatologies
The development of a global aerosol climatology is essential to the accurate description of both direct and indirect forcing of climate by aerosols and to the interpretation of the causes of climate change over the industrial era. NASA has established the Global Aerosol Climatology Project to infer the global distribution of aerosols, their properties, and their seasonal and interannual variations from a combination of satellite and field measurements as well as model products. The goal is to produce a retrospective climatology over the full time period of available satellite data. Several international projects (including GEWEX and IGAC) have established activities associated with understanding the distributions of aerosols and their properties. Papers are solicited from the organizers and participants in these international programs related to their findings and future plans. In general, papers are solicited from those concerned with the general issue of modeling of aerosol properties as well as with satellite retrieval of aerosol properties.
Conveners: Robert J. Curran, NASA Headquarters, Office of Earth Science (Code YS), Washington, DC 20546 USA; Tel: +1-202-358-1432; Fax: +1-202-358-2770; E-mail: rcurran@hq.nasa.gov; Joyce Penner, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA; Tel: +1-734-936-0519; Fax: +1-734-764-5137; E-mail: penner@umich.edu
A17 Stratospheric Aerosols Under Historically Low Conditions
Stratospheric aerosol levels in the late 1990s are reaching levels comparable or even less than those seen in the late 1970s which are the previously lowest levels observed by in situ or remote sensing systems. Do these levels constitute a stratospheric background? How do the 1990s compare with previous low aerosol periods of the past? This session will address issues regarding aerosol levels in the stratosphere from both observational and modeling perspectives. The conveners seek papers addressing aerosol observations under low aerosol conditions, as well as theoretical and modeling studies of aerosol sources, sinks, and variability under these conditions. Topics of interest include consistency between observed aerosol amounts and known sources (is OCS sufficient to explain stratospheric aerosols?), the time evolution of stratospheric aerosol conditions from volcanically perturbed to background levels (is it consistent with expectations based on transport/microphysical models?), and coupling between tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols during low aerosol periods.
Conveners: Debra K. Weisenstein, Atmospheric and Environmental Research Inc., 840 Memorial, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; Tel:+1-617-547-6207; Fax:+1-617-661-6479; E-mail: weisenstein@aer.com; Larry W. Thomason, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 475, Hampton, VA 23681-0001 USA; Tel: +1-757-864-6842; Fax: +1-757-864-2671; E-mail: l.w.thomason@larc.nasa.gov
A18 Volcanic Eruptions and Climate (Joint with V)
This session will deal with both observations and model studies of tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols from volcanic eruptions and their effects on climate. Specific topics include, but are not limited to, lidar observations of volcanic aerosols, their radiative effects, their effects on ozone, the dynamical response of the atmosphere (especially "winter warming"), and effects on interannual and decadal to century scale variability in surface and upper air temperature.
Conveners: Alan Robock, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8551 USA; Tel: +1-732-932-9478; Fax: +1-732-932-8644; E-mail: robock@envsci.rutgers.edu; Melissa Free, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Air Resources Laboratory (R/E/AR), SSMC3, Room 3151, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA; Tel: +1-301- 713-0295 ext.128; Fax: +1-301-713-0119; E-mail: melissa.free@noaa.gov; Georgiy L. Stenchikov, Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8551 USA; Tel: +1-732-932-3637; Fax: +1-732-932-8644; E-mail: gera@envsci.rutgers.edu
Geodesy (G)
G01 The Interdisciplinary Impact of Space Geodesy in the New Millenium: Science and Structure (Joint with A, OS, SA, and T)
The sphere of influence of space geodesy is ever enlarging, with impressive achievements in the last few decades in many diverse areas (such as geodynamics, planetary and atmospheric sciences, oceanography, tectonics, and ice studies). Examples include positioning at the millimeter level, enabling determination of crustal deformation and strain with unprecedented accuracy at high time resolution; water vapor monitoring via GPS; and improved gravity modeling and orbit determination, permitting an unparalleled view of the 1997-1998 ENSO event. Concurrent with these developments have been many activities (e.g., The International GPS Service and The International Earth Rotation Service) coordinated through the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). The next millennium holds even more promise, with many planned developments, such as GOCE, GRACE, and ICESAT missions, densification of GPS networks, and the development of new technologies. This session will have several thrusts: review of geodetic advances and their interdisciplinary impact, and a vision for the future achievements. Also, we will examine the current IAG infrastructure and discuss a new IAG structure for the next millennium.
Conveners: Jean O. Dickey, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech, Mail Stop 238-332, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 USA; Tel: +1-818-354-3235, Fax: +1-818-393-6890, E-mail: jean.o.dickey@jpl.nasa.gov; Gerhard Beutler, Astronomical Institute of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Tel: +41-31-631-8591; Fax: +41-31-631-3869; E-mail: beutler@aiub.unibe.ch; Reiner Rummel, Technische Universität München, Institut für Astronomische u. Physikalische Geodäsie, Arcisstrasse 21, D-80290, München, Germany; Tel: +49-89-289-23190; Fax: +49-89-289-23178; E-mail: rummel@step.iapg.verm.tu-muenchen.de
G02 Geodynamic Effects of Mass Transports in Global Geophysical Fluids (Joint with A and OS)
Mass transports occurring in the atmosphere-hydrosphere-solid Earth-core system (the "global geophysical fluids") are important geophysical processes. They occur on all temporal and spatial scales. Examples include air mass and ocean circulations, atmospheric, oceanic, and solid Earth tides, hydrological water redistribution, mantle processes including postglacial rebound, earthquakes and tectonic motions, and core geodynamo activities. With only a few exceptions on the Earth surface, the temporal history and spatial pattern of such mass transports are often not amenable to direct observations. Space geodesy techniques, however, have the capability of monitoring certain direct consequences of the mass transport, including Earth's rotation variations, gravitational field variations, and the geocenter motion. The main emphases of this session are science topics on (1) description, understanding, and modeling of the geophysical processes that directly produce and regulate the mass transports in the geophysical fluids; (2) the resultant geodynamic effects as the solid Earth's response to such changes in understanding Earth's mechanical properties and behavior. Papers on new advances in global observations, techniques, and new space missions, projects, and initiatives that are relevant to mass transports in geophysical fluids are also welcome.
Conveners: B. F. Chao, Space Geodesy Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 926, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-286-6120; Fax: +1-301-286-1760; E-mail: chao@denali.gsfc.nasa.gov; C. R. Wilson, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas, Austin C1100, Austin, TX 78712 USA; Tel: +1-512-471-5172; Fax: +1-512-471-9425; E-mail: clarkw@maestro.geo.utexas.edu
G03 Crustal Deformation (Joint with T)
Crustal deformation observations are now available all over the world, especially since the widespread use of GPS in the last decade. Older terrestrial data (triangulation, leveling, EDM) provides long time spans not yet available from newer techniques. Modern space geodetic techniques (GPS, SAR, VLBI, laser ranging) provide global coverage at unprecedented precision. In some regions, permanent GPS arrays now provide dense coverage and continuous data. We solicit papers on deformation results and models from a variety of techniques, at any scale from local to global. We also seek papers on modeling and inversion methods.
Conveners: Nancy King, U.S. Geological Survey-Pasadena, 525 South Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA; Tel: +1-626-582-7815; Fax: +1-626-583-7827; E-mail: nking@gps.caltech.edu; Frank Webb, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), MS 238-600, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; Tel: +1-818-354-4670; Fax: +1-818-393-4965; E-mail fhw@cobra.jpl.nasa.gov
G04 Geodetic Measurement and Analysis Techniques
This session will focus on the development and impact of improved techniques for the analysis of geodetic observations, with special emphasis on models and approaches common to several space-geodetic systems: atmospheric gradients, crustal loading by oceanic and atmospheric tides, motion of the geocenter, perturbing forces on low- and high-altitude satellites, data aggregation, and reference frames. We also solicit contributions on current topics specific to individual techniques, such as antenna models and the effects of solar maximum on GPS observations.
Conveners: Robert King, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 54-620, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; Tel: +1-617-253-7064; Fax: +1-617-253-1699; E-mail: rwk@chandler.mit.edu; John Ries, Center for Space Research, University of Texas at Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane, Suite 200, Austin, TX 78759-5316 USA; Tel: +1-512-471-7486; Fax: +1-512-471-3570; E-mail: ries@csr.utexas.edu
G05 Gravity Field Observations and Models
The CHAMP and GRACE Missions, launching in 2000 and 2001, respectively, will enable significant improvements in global gravity field models. The precision of the measurements from these missions places unprecedented requirements on the dynamic, measurement, and even computational models used in the gravity field determination. In some cases, innovative representations other than the conventional coefficients of a spherical harmonic expansion may be preferable. Stringent requirements are also placed on ancillary models used to determine or interpret the gravity models including ocean tides, atmospheric pressure, barotropic ocean signals, and others. Finally, full exploitation of the gravity data benefits from combination with other data types, including laser/radar altimetry, vertical rebound measurements, and more. In this session, we seek contributions on the general topic of gravity modeling, with emphasis in the following areas: 1) the status and capabilities of future gravity missions; 2) the current state, plans, and/or techniques for high-precision gravity model determination and representation, including treatment of ancillary geophysical fields; and 3) techniques for combining gravity with other data types for improved interpretive science.
Conveners: Michael Watkins, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), M/S 238-600, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; Tel: +1-818-354-7514; Fax: +1-818-393-4965; E-mail: mmw@cobra.jpl.nasa.gov; Christoph Reigber, GeoforschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Division 1: Kinematics and Dynamics of the Earth, Telegrafenberg A17, Potsdam14473, Germany; Tel: +49-331-288-1100; Fax: +49-331-288-1111; E-mail: reigber@gfz-potsdam.de
G06 Earth Orientation Observations and Models (Joint with A and OS)
The 1-day precision of Earth orientation determinations is now about the 0.1 milliarcseconds level (3 mm of equatorial rotation on the Earth's surface). The accuracy attainable is less clear, although differences among independent techniques appear significantly larger. These differences present fundamental problems for inter-technique combination efforts and limit the ultimate accuracy that can be realized with global inertial reference systems. New methods are being developed to combine Earth orientation and terrestrial reference frame information jointly, which may reduce inter-technique differences and help resolve error sources. The approaches include combinations at the covariance matrix level (the SINEX format being the accepted exchange standard) as well as combinations at the observation level. Contributions are sought to
illuminate the issues and methods being applied and to present new results in these areas. In addition, studies into improved prediction methods, especially for high-accuracy real-time applications, are requested. Papers on other aspects of the techniques used to measure Earth orientation and analyze data are also welcomed. Interpretative analyses of geodynamical excitations should be submitted to special session G02.
Conveners: Jim Ray, U.S. Naval Observatory, 3450 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20392-5420 USA; Tel: +1-202-762-1444; Fax: +1-202-762-1563; E-mail: jimr@maia.usno.navy.mil; Tim Springer, Astronomical Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Tel: +41-31-6318592; Fax: +41-31-6313869; E-mail: springer@aiub.unibe.ch
G07 Satellite Altimetry Applications for Geodesy (Joint with OS)
Over the last 20 years, data from radar altimeter missions have improved our knowledge of ocean tides, ocean circulation, and the marine geoid, as well as a host of other geophysical and oceanographic properties. Data from the TOPEX/Poseidon mission tracked the rise and fall of the 1997 El Nino with unprecedented accuracy. New radar altimeter missions are planned for the post-2000 time frame, along with a laser altimeter mission (ICESAT) designed to measure changes in ice sheet thickness. For this session we seek contributions discussing research utilizing data from current and past missions, as well as work done on improving models used with altimeter data. Results from airborne laser altimeter missions are also encouraged in order to show the possibilities of the ICESAT mission. Studies linking data from different missions are especially encouraged, particularly for studies of long-period ocean variability, global mean sea level change, and mean sea surface and ocean geoid modeling.
Conveners: Don P. Chambers, Center for Space Research, 3925 West Braker Lane, Suite 200, Austin, TX 78759-5316 USA; Tel: +1-512-471-7483; Fax: +1-512-471-3570; E-mail: chambers@csr.utexas.edu; Gerhard L.H. Kruizinga, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mail Stop 238-600, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 USA; Tel: +1-818-354-7060; Fax +1-818-393-4965; E-mail: gerhard.kruizinga@jpl.nasa.gov
Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism (GP)
GP01 Electromagnetic Induction in Earth
This session solicits contributions on the theory and practice of electromagnetic induction for the examination of structure and properties of Earth's crust, mantle and core. Papers describing advances in instrumentation, algorithms, and laboratory measurements which improve our understanding of Earth's internal constitution are encouraged.
Conveners: Steven Constable, MC 0225, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA; Tel: +1-858-534-2409; Fax: +1-858-534-8090; E-mail: sconstable@ucsd.edu; Chester Weiss, MS 0750, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-0750 USA; Tel: +1-505-284-6347; Fax: +1-505-844-7354; E-mail: cjweiss@sandia.gov; Jeffery Roberts, L-201, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551 USA; Tel: +1-925-422-7108; Fax: +1-925-423-1054; E-mail: roberts17@poptart.llnl.gov
GP02 The Nature and Origin of Remagnetization
This session will be dedicated to the understanding the processes of remagnetization and identifying a connection with other geological phenomena. Contributions are solicited on topics that include any aspect of the identification of the timing, origin, and nature of remagnetization in all rock types. In addition to contributions on chemical processes (e.g., fluid-related, burial diagenetic, etc.), we encourage papers on thermoviscous and strain-related remagnetization as well as related rock magnetic issues. We particularly encourage papers that combine two or more scientific methods (e.g., paleomagnetism, rock magnetism, geochemistry, strain studies) to determine the process by which the remagnetization occurred.
Conveners: Michael Lewchuk and R. Douglas Elmore, School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA; E-mail: delmore@ou.edu or mlewchuk@ou.edu
GP03 Current Controversies in Geomagnetism, Paleomagnetism, and Rock Magnetism
Contributions are solicited on a variety of topical themes in geomagnetism, paleomagnetism, and rock magnetism, such as the lock-in depth of remanent magnetism in sediments, the origins of strong Martian magnetic anomalies, the influence of Earth's orbital parameters on the geomagnetic field, the reliability of paleointensity records in lavas and sediments, the interpretation of AMS results in lavas, as well as other research topics that have engendered controversy among the GP community.
Conveners: Lisa Tauxe, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0220 USA; Tel: +1-619-534-6084; Fax: +1-619-534-0784; E-mail: ltauxe@ucsd.edu; William Lowrie, Institute of Geophysics, ETH-Hoenggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Tel: +41-1-633-2607; Fax: +41-1-633-1065; E-mail: lowrie@mag.ig.erdw.ethz.ch; Kenneth A. Hoffman, Physics Department, Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA; Tel: +1-805-756-1357/-2100; Fax: +1-805-756-2435; E-mail: khoffman@pandora.calpoly.edu
GP04 Magnetic Stratigraphy: From Superchrons to Cryptochrons
The geomagnetic polarity timescale (GPTS) plays a central role in the construction of geologic timescales for Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic time, and as new data are acquired, the GPTS will play an increased role for Early Mesozoic and Paleozoic time. We solicit papers dealing with the improved documentation of polarity chrons from magnetostratigraphic and oceanic magnetic anomaly data and improved correlation of polarity chrons to biostratigraphies and absolute ages. The global synchroneity of polarity reversals is the basis for the power of the magnetostratigraphic method; however, it has become apparent that short-lived magnetic events (cryptochrons) are numerous, but locally manifest. We solicit papers dealing with the record of short events, their relationship to paleointensity data, and their potential role in stratigraphy.
Conveners: Jim Channell, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, 241 Williamson Hall, PO Box 112120, Gainesville, FL 32611-2120 USA; Tel: +1-352-392-3658; Fax: +1-352-392-9294; E-mail: jetc@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu; Brad Clement, Department of Geology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199 USA; Tel: +1-305-348-3085; Fax: +1-305-348-3877; E-mail: clementb@fiu.edu
GP05 Hydrogeophysical Advances in Subsurface Flow, Transport, and Site Characterization (Joint with H)
Emergent field, laboratory, and theoretical studies incorporating static and time-lapse geophysical imaging and inversion methods are providing better site characterizations and enabling fresh insights into near-surface hydrological and environmental flow and transport processes. Recent advances have been made using electromagnetic, electrical, ground-penetrating radar, and magnetics methods in surface, borehole, and cross-well configurations.
Conveners: Mark Everett, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845 USA; Tel: +1-409-862-2129; Fax: +1-409-845-6121; E-mail: colt45@beerfrdg.tamu.edu; Hongbin Zhan, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845 USA; Tel: +1-409-862-7961; Fax: +1-409-845-6121; E-mail: zhan@hydrog.tamu.edu
GP06 Geomagnetic Secular Variation, Excursions, and Reversals
Contributions are solicited on topics related to improved understanding of secular and paleosecular variations of the geomagnetic field. This session can include new geomagnetic and paleomagnetic observations (including those of excursions and reversals), modeling of recent and paleosecular variation, and the average geomagnetic field (on all timescales), as well as studies aimed at simulating and understanding the geodynamo.
Conveners: Cathy Constable, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA; Tel: +1-619-534 3183; Fax: +1-619-534-8090; Email cconstable@ucsd.edu
Hydrology (H)
H01 Testing Models of Drainage Basin Geomorphology
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in understanding geomorphology through models based on sediment continuity, bedrock erosion dynamics, or energy minimization. To date, validation of these models has been largely limited to (1) qualitative evaluation, where results may look reasonable, or (2) quantitative evaluation, where results can be constrained to match observed landform characteristics using some choice of parameters. This session invites papers that quantitatively test various physically based geomorphic models. Papers are invited on (1) testing methodologies, (2) field and model comparisons, or (3) model comparisons for the identification of testable hypotheses.
Conveners: Garry Willgoose, Department of Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308 Australia; Tel: +61-2-49216039; Fax +61-2-49216991; E-mail: garry.willgoose@newcastle.edu.au; Greg Tucker Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Room 48-108, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; Tel: +1-617-253-7516; Fax: +1-617-253-7475; E-mail: gtucker@mit.edu
H02 Fans, Flows, and Glaciers: A Special Session in Honor of Roger L. B. Hooke
During his productive career, Roger Hooke has studied an unusually broad range of geomorphic processes. His work has contributed fundamentally to understanding alluvial-fan and river sedimentation, mass wasting, glacier flow, water flow through glaciers, glacial erosion and sedimentation, and links between tectonic and geomorphic change. In his honor, we solicit contributions on these and other geomorphic processes. Approaches can vary from laboratory experiments to basin-scale models.
Conveners: Neal Iverson, Department of Geological Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA; Tel: +1-515-294-8048; Fax: +1-515-294-6049; E-mail: niverson@iastate.edu; Gary Parker, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulics Lab, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA; Tel: +1-612-627-4010; Fax: +1-612-627-4609; E-mail: parke002@tc.umn.edu; James Pizzuto, Department of Geology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA; Tel: +1-302-831-2710; Fax: +1-302-831-4158; E-mail: pizzuto@udel.edu
H03 Hillslope and Fluvial Processes (POSTER ONLY)
Understanding erosion and deposition processes and their influence on short- and long-term landscape changes requires a diverse array of approaches. In this session we solicit poster presentations on all aspects of hillslope and fluvial research, including field experiments, modeling, field monitoring, application of cosmogenic radionuclides, and new technique development. Please send one copy of your abstract to AGU and one copy directly to both of the conveners.
Conveners: Suzanne P. Anderson, Department of Earth Sciences, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; Tel: +1-831-459-5827; Fax: +1-831-459-3074; E-mail: spa@es.ucsc.edu; Derek Booth, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; Tel: +1-206-543-7923; Fax: +1-206-685-3836; E-mail: dbooth@u.washington.edu
H04 Calibrating Regional-Scale Groundwater Models
Calibrating and testing regional-scale groundwater models is made difficult by several common problems, including the dominance of different processes in different parts of the system, geologic heterogeneity, lack of data on certain system components, and uneven spatial/temporal distribution of data. Such problems significantly influence model construction, parameterization, and reliability. Inverse (and other) methods can help hydrologists understand and deal with these problems by allowing more thorough analysis of data and resulting models, and by making the effects of problems more obvious. This session generally addresses regional groundwater model development and calibration and especially deals with data limitations and assessing model reliability.
Conveners: Marshall W. Gannett, USGS/WRD, 10615 S.E. Cherry Blossom Drive, Portland, OR 97216 USA; Tel: +1-503-251-3233; Fax: +1-503-251-3470: E-mail: mgannett@usgs.gov; Mary C. Hill, US Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, CO 80303 USA; Tel: +1-303-541-3014; Fax: +1-303-447-2505; E-mail: mchill@usgs.gov
H05 Optimization and Search Methods for Subsurface Corrective Action
Corrective action for contaminated groundwater is very expensive, whether it involves remediation, containment, monitoring, or combinations of these. Optimization and search methods can identify significantly more cost-effective corrective actions than trial-and-error design. Optimization and search can be applied to traditional or enhanced pump and treat (including in situ bioremediation, surfactant, or cosolvent injection), vapor extraction, air sparging, hydraulic containment, barrier walls, and intrinsic bioremediation with monitoring. Uncertain parameters, large computational requirements, nonlinearities, and discontinuities remain significant issues. Papers are solicited on applications of optimization and search to any aspects of corrective action design, description of field-scale applications, addressing uncertainty, or improved computational methods.
Conveners: Barbara S. Minsker, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, 3230d Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Tel: +1-217-333-9017; Fax: +1-217-333-6968; E-mail: minsker@uiuc.edu; David Burden, U.S. EPA/NRMRL/SPRD, R. S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, Ada, OK 74820 USA; Tel: +1-580-332-8606; Fax: +1-580-436-8614; E-mail: burden.david@epamail.epa.gov
H06 Utilizing Permeable Reactive Barriers to Remediate Groundwater Contaminated by Radionuclides and Other Inorganic Contaminants
Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) offer low-cost alternatives to other groundwater remediation methods. PRBs are devices containing reactive materials that are installed across the path of a groundwater plume. They act as passive in situ treatment zones for specific contaminants in groundwater. Remediation of inorganic-contaminated groundwater with PRBs is not as well documented as organic contaminants. This session focuses on recent laboratory and field results using PRBs to remove inorganic contaminants. Papers describing newly developed reactive materials, innovative deployment methods, large-scale field demonstration results, contaminant removal and rerelease processes, and regulatory issues related to PRBs are encouraged.
Conveners: David Naftz, U.S. Geological Survey, 1745 W 1700 Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84104 USA; Tel: +1-801-975-3389; Fax: +1-801-975-3424; E-mail: dlnaftz@usgs.gov; James A. Davis, U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 465, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA; Tel: +1- 650-329-4484; Fax: +1-650-329-4327; E-mail: jadavis@usgs.gov; Stan J. Morrison, Weston, Inc., P.O. Box 14000, Grand Junction, CO 81502 USA; Tel: +1-970-248-6373; Fax: +1-970-248-6040; E-mail: Stan.Morrison@doegjpo.com; Ed Feltcorn, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Radiation and Indoor Air 6602J, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460 USA; Tel: +1-202-564-9422; Fax: +1-202-565-2042; E-mail: feltcorn.ed@epamail.epa.gov
H07 Engineered Barriers for Waste Isolation
Engineered barriers are widely used to minimize infiltration into shallow landfills. However, engineered barriers to effectively limit water contact with contaminant sources buried deeper in the subsurface have received far less attention. Deeper sites exhibit different issues than shallow sites. For example, assessing backfill design options for high-temperature high-level nuclear waste repositories requires consideration of coupled thermal-hydrological-chemical effects. Scale (spatial and temporal) and emplacement issues also differ. We seek presentations on the performance (including verification) of engineered waste isolation barriers based on laboratory and numerical studies and field experience, as well as on natural analogs relevant to these systems.
Conveners: Nina D. Rosenberg, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-206, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA; Tel: +1-925-424-5212; Fax: +1-925-423-1997; E-mail: rosenberg4@llnl.gov; David M. Tuck, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Building 773-42A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA; Tel: +1-803-725-2927; Fax: +1-803-725-7673; E-mail: david.tuck@srs.gov
H08 Strategies for Water Supply Development/Management in Developing Nations (Joint with EP)
Providing water supplies in sufficient quantity and quality remains a critical challenge to economic development in many regions of the third world. Papers in this session will discuss water resource development and management strategies in developing countries. Topics will include efficient use of water for agriculture and industry, technical and social issues related to water resource development in complex geologic settings (e.g., in fractured crystalline rock or arid environments), economic valuation of water, source protection concepts, and novel strategies for reducing risk from chemical and biological contaminants. This session will conclude with an open forum on UNESCO's World Water Vision.
Conveners: Stephen Silliman, Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA; Tel: +1-219-631-5846; Fax: +1-219-631-9236; E-mail: silliman.1@nd.edu; Kenneth Strzepek, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0428 USA; Tel: +1-303-492-7111; Fax: +1-303-492-7317; E-mail: kenneth.strzepek@colorado.edu
H09 Gas and Vapor Transport Processes in Porous and Fractured Media
Gas and vapor transport in soils and rocks has received increasing attention in recent years. This session provides interaction on a range of topics, including enhanced vapor-phase diffusion in the presence of its liquid phase, gas transport across the capillary fringe, vapor transport of volatile organic components, vapor diffusion impacts on flow and transport in snow, and coupled heat and moisture transport to accurately represent the near-surface energy balance. Experimental and theoretical research on vapor transport in consolidated rock, vapor transport in soils and its impact on contaminant remediation, soil-water-plant interactions in field soils, and nuclear waste management is encouraged.
Conveners: Dorthe Wildenschild, Experimental Geophysics Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 USA; Tel: +1-925-422-0257; Fax: +1-925-422-1002; E-mail: wildenschild1@llnl.gov; Clifford K. Ho, Geohydrology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS-0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185-0735 USA; Tel: +1-505-844-2384; Fax: +1-505-844-4426; E-mail: ckho@sandia.gov; Stephen W. Webb, Environmental Restoration Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS 0719, Albuquerque, NM 87185-0719 USA; Tel: +1-505-844-3931; Fax: +1-505-844-0543; E-mail: swwebb@sandia.gov
H10 Use of Risk-Based Approaches in the Assessment and Management of Groundwater Resources (Joint with EP)
A combination of persistent contaminants, complex natural, engineered, and human systems, limited resources, and expensive intervention strategies has led to the need for an integrated approach to manage municipal and agricultural water derived from groundwater. Recent work has focused on using risk analysis techniques to predict and manage human and ecosystem health as threatened by radiological, biological, and chemical contamination of groundwater. The focus of this session is to bring together risk assessors, policymakers and risk managers to discuss the current innovations in risk analysis methods as applied to groundwater resource management. We are particularly interested in multidisciplinary perspectives.
Conveners: Reed M. Maxwell, P.O. Box 808, MS-204, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA; Tel: +1-925-422-7436; Fax: +1-925-423-1997; E-mail: maxwell5@llnl.gov; William E. Kastenberg, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 4153 Etcheverry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1730 USA; Tel: +1-510-643-0574; Fax: 510-642-5010; E-mail: kastenbe@nuc.berkeley.edu
H11 Environmental Hydrogeology (POSTER ONLY)
Posters are solicited on environmental hydrogeology topics in laboratory studies, field investigations, and modeling advances. A broad spectrum of topics is appropriate for this session, including modeling of groundwater quality and hydrology, characterization of subsurface heterogeneity, application and development of hydrogeological, geophysical, and stable isotope techniques, understanding of biogeochemical processes, and optimization of groundwater management and remediation strategies.
Conveners: Catherine A. Peters, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA; Tel: +1-609-258-5645; Fax: +1-609-258-2799; E-mail: cap@princeton.edu; Chunmiao Zheng, Department of Geology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0338 USA; Tel: +1-205-348-0579; Fax: 205-348-0818; E-mail: czheng@ua.edu
H12 Incorporating Thermal Data in Groundwater Flow Models
Groundwater temperature and hydrochemical measurements provide constraints which, used with hydrogeological data, reduce uncertainties in estimates of fluxes and hydraulic conductivities. This session focuses on coupled heat and groundwater model calibration to estimate hydraulic and transport parameters for deep aquifers with strong vertical flow components. Presentations integrating thermal and hydrogeological data for coupled heat and mass transport modeling of natural groundwater flow are especially welcome. Other appropriate topics include measurements of thermal conductivity, in situ measurements of groundwater temperature, simultaneous inversion and calibration using hydrogeologic and thermal data, and limitations of coupled modeling approaches to predict flow and transport.
Conveners: Amit Armstrong, Scott Painter, and David A. Farrell, CNWRA, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238-5166 USA; Tel: +1-210-522-5182; E-mail: aarmstrong@swri.edu; spainter@swri.edu; dfarrell@swri.edu
H13 Interdisciplinary Assessment of the Oasis Valley Groundwater Flow System, Southern Nevada
Oasis Valley is an inhabited groundwater discharge area near the Nevada Test Site in southern Nevada. Potential groundwater flow from the Pahute Mesa area toward Oasis Valley is of concern because of underground nuclear testing conducted there. An understanding of groundwater flow in this area is an essential component for predicting potential radionuclide migration from Pahute Mesa toward Oasis Valley. This session focuses on interdisciplinary geology, geophysics, hydrology, and geochemistry approaches to assessing this complex hydrogeologic environment and to providing a better understanding of potential flow paths and travel time estimates for groundwater flow from Pahute Mesa to Oasis Valley.
Conveners: James Thomas, U.S. Geological Survey, 333 West Nye Lane, Carson City, NV 89706 USA; Tel: +1-775-887-7648; Fax: +1-775-887-7629; E-mail: jmthomas@usgs.gov; Chris Benedict, HSI-Geotrans, 50 West Liberty Street, Reno, NV 89501 USA; Tel: +1-775-324-5900; Fax: +1-775-324-5924; E-mail: cbenedict@hsigeotrans.com
H14 Vegetation-Atmosphere Interaction: Synthesis From Field Experiments (Joint with B)
Vegetation-atmosphere exchange processes vary over a wide range of spacescales and timescales, from leaf to complex heterogeneous landscapes and from fractions of seconds to decades. This session seeks to synthesize findings and developments about these interactions from large-scale field campaigns and long-term single-site observations (e.g., AmeriFlux, LTER). Efforts to model these phenomena across a range of sales are also welcome.
Conveners: Gabriel Katul, School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328 USA; Tel: +1-919-613-8033; Fax: +1-919-684-8741; E-mail: gaby@duke.edu; John Albertson, Department of Environmental Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA; Tel: +1-804-924-7241; Fax: +1-804-982-2137; E-mail: jdalbertson@virginia.edu
H15 Transport and Coupled Processes in the Vadose Zone
The transport of water, heat, carbon, and other mass species in soils affects both the state of the vegetation at the land surface and the flux of these components to the atmosphere. This session addresses the transport properties of soils, either for individual components or for sets of components in coupled processes. Work from a range of a spatial scales is welcomed, as is the application of inverse methods for modeling transport functions.
Conveners: Tony Cahill, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA; Tel: +1-409-862-3858; Fax: +1-409-862-1542; E-mail: tcahill@civilmail.tamu.edu; Todd Scanlon, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA; Tel: +1-804-924-3029; Fax: +1-804-982-2137; E-mail: tms2v@virginia.edu
H16 Land Surface Characterization and Analysis for Estimating Transport of Water, Sediment, Carbon, and Nutrients Over Large Areas (POSTER ONLY) (Joint with B and GP)
Scientific study of many environmental issues requires a better understanding of the transport of water, sediment, carbon, and nutrients across large areas of the land surface. Problems such as the global carbon budget, the eutrophication of inland and coastal waters, and the fate of non-point-source pollution pose extensive but often overlapping challenges in the preparation and analysis of spatial data. Available spatial data must be closely scrutinized and evaluated for accuracy and internal consistency. Methods must be developed to adapt and integrate data that were collected and compiled for a wide range of purposes. Particular tools are needed to support modeling of both natural and human influences on hydrologic and atmospheric transport over large areas. This poster session will provide an opportunity to display and discuss spatial data, with particular emphasis on the types of integration and analysis required to advance understanding of transport across large areas of the land surface.
Conveners: Norman B. Bliss, Raytheon, USGS EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA; Tel: +1-605-594-6034; Fax: +1-605-594-6529; E-mail: bliss@usgs.gov; Eric T. Sundquist, U.S. Geological Survey, 384 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; Tel: +1-508-457-2397; Fax: +1-508-457-2310; E-mail: esundqui@usgs.gov; Richard P. Hooper, U.S. Geological Survey, 10 Bearfoot Road, Northborough, MA 01532 USA; Tel: +1-508 490-5065; Fax: +1-508 490-5068; E-mail: rphooper@usgs.gov
H17 Water Resources Management (Joint with EP)
This session provides a forum for presentation and discussion of a broad range of research related to water management. Areas of interest include innovative water resources management, integrated river basin planning, and the role of science in water management, among others.
Conveners: Miguel A. Marino, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA; Tel: +1-530-752-0684; Fax: +1-530-752-5262; E-mail: mamarino@ucdavis.edu; Holly C. Hartmann, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, PO Box 210011, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011 USA; Tel: +1-520- 621-3973; Fax: +1-520-621-1422; E-mail hollyh@hwr.arizona.edu
H18 Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting (QPF): Model Validation and Issues of Predictability (Joint with A)
Forecast model developments have generally outpaced efforts in model validation, yet validation is important for guiding further model improvements and understanding the limits of predictability for precipitation. This session invites contributions that are related, but not limited, to new methods of QPF validation that acknowledge scale dependencies and scale discrepancy between model output and observations, probabilistic frameworks for validation, relations of model physics to statistical descriptions, nonlinear dynamic effects, and the effects of subgrid parameterizations on predictability.
Conveners: Efi Foufoula-Georgiou University of Minnesota, St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Mississippi River at 3rd Avenue, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414-2196 USA; Tel: +1-612-627-4595 or 612-626-0369; Fax: +1-612-627-4609; E-mail: efi@mykonos.safhl.umn.edu; Daniel Harris, University of Minnesota, St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Mississippi River at 3rd Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414-2196 USA; Tel: +1-612-627-4597; Fax: +1-612-627-4609; E-mail: harri127@tc.umn.edu
H19 Nonlinear Propagation of Multiple-Scale Dynamics Through Hydrologic Subsystems
Hydrology is the study of the interactions between the atmosphere and the land surface, occurring over the full range of time and space scales. How, for example, the space-time variability in the rainfall interacts with spatial variability of soils, topography, vegetation, network geomorphology etc., to produce spatially and temporally variable fields of runoff, evapotranspiration and soil moisture, is a rich area of research, with applications to flood estimation, climate change studies, and water quality predictions. This session invites contributions that study the propagation of multiple-scale effects/variability/errors, cascading through such hydrologic subsystems via nonlinear dynamical interactions. These may include, but are not limited to, rainfall fields, topography and network geomorphology, soils and vegetation, soil-moisture, and near-surface energy, and momentum fluxes, etc. Please send a copy of your abstract to one of the organizers listed below.
Conveners: Praveen Kumar, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Tel: +1-217-333-4688; Fax: +1-217-333-6872; E-mail: kumar1@uiuc.edu; Murugesu Sivapalan, Center for Water Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6907 Australia; E-mail: sivapalan@cwr.uwa.edu.au; Daniel Harris, St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Mississippi River @ 3rd Avenue, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA; Tel: +1-612-627-4597; Fax: +1-612-627-4609; E-mail: dh@macedonia.safhl.umn.edu
H20 Land Surface Characterization and Monitoring Using Airborne and Spaceborne Laser Altimetry (Joint with B)
Laser altimetry is rapidly establishing itself as a useful technique for land surface characterization for hydrological, topographical, and ecological purposes. With two successful flights of the Shuttle Laser Altimeter (SLA), planned launches of the multiyear Vegetation Canopy Lidar (VCL) and Geoscience Laser Altimeter (GLAS) missions, as well as numerous commericial and research airborne activities, extensive observations of topography and vegetation structure will become increasingly available. This session encourages contributions on all aspects of land surface characterization using lidar. Areas of interest include the application of lidar for recovery of biophysical parameters, such as canopy height and biomass, topographic characterization, land use/land cover change, and surface change monitoring (e.g., volcanoes, ice sheets, and coastal zones). Contributions dealing with the fusion of laser altimeter data with other remote sensing techniques (such as passive optical and radar) are also encouraged.
Conveners: Michelle Hofton, Department of Geography, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 USA; Tel: +1-301-405-8543; Fax: +1-301-405-8662; E-mail: mhofton@geog.umd.edu, J. B. Garvin, Code 921, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-614-6504; Fax: +1-301-614-6015; E-mail: garvin@denali.gsfc.nasa.gov
H21 Validation of Remotely Sensed Data for Land Surface Hydrology Applications
Current and planned remotely sensed data sets have the potential to significantly advance our ability to measure, understand, and predict the variables of interest in land surface hydrology. This session seeks to assess the state-of-the-art in ground-, aircraft-, and satellite-based remote sensing, with a focus on efforts to validate various sensors and techniques. Variables of interest in land surface hydrology include (but are not limited to) states, such as soil moisture, surface temperature, and snowpack; fluxes, such as precipitation, evaporation, and streamflow; and surface condition, such as topography, soils, and vegetation type and cover. Contributions describing validation efforts related to recent large-scale field experiments (e.g., SGP97, SALSA, BOREAS), small-scale field experiments, operational data networks, recent missions (e.g., TRMM), and ongoing activities (e.g., AVHRR, Landsat) are encouraged.
Conveners: Christa Peters, Lidard, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0355 USA; Tel: +1-404-894-5190; Fax: +1-404-894-2677; E-mail: cpeters@ce.gatech.edu; Bhaskar Choudhury, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Hydrological Sciences Branch - Code 974, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-614-5767; Fax: +1-301-614-5808; E-mail: bhaskar@te.gsfc.nasa.gov
H22 Monitoring, Measuring, and Modeling Snow Processes (POSTER ONLY)
The storage and modulated release of water from seasonal snowpacks are major components of hydrologic systems in many parts of the world, particularly in the western portions of the United States and Canada. In these regions the seasonal snow cover is a critical component of the annual water cycle, controlling soil moisture, streamflow, and the development and stability of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This session will address a broad range of topics that are important to understanding this important resource. We are soliciting poster presentations on all aspects of monitoring, measuring, and modeling snow processes, with emphasis on the following specific topics: snow measurement and monitoring techniques and instruments; investigations into physical properties of snow, for example, linking microscale properties to macroscale processes; snow cover modeling in vegetated and complex terrain; and remote sensing of snow cover properties and extent.
Conveners: Danny Marks, USDA-ARS, Northwest Watershed Research Center, 800 Park Blvd, Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA; Tel: +1-208-422-0721; Fax: +1-208-334-1502; E-mail: danny@quercus.ars.pn.usbr.gov; Robert E. Davis, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH 03755-1290 USA; Tel: +1-603-646-4219; Fax: +1-603-646-4397; E-mail: bert@crrel.usace.army.mil
H23 Glaciers and Ice Sheets
We solicit contributions to the annual Glaciers and Ice Sheets session at the AGU fall meeting. The fall meeting offers an increasingly international and leading-edge forum to present recent progress and innovation in snow and ice studies. The Glaciers and Ice Sheets session is broad in scope and will embrace observational, theoretical, numerical, and techological studies, with emphasis on applications to contemporary glacial systems. We particularly encourage submissions pertaining to ice dynamics, the subglacial environment, surface processes, and new techniques and methods to monitor glacial activity. Both oral and poster presentations are welcome.
Conveners: Mark A. Fahnestock Department of Meteorology University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-405-5384; Fax: +1-301-405-8468; E-mail: mark@atmos.umd.edu; Shawn J. Marshall, Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia,129-2219 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada; Tel: +1-604-822-3063; Fax: +1-604-822-6047; E-mail: marshall@eos.ubc.ca
H24 Proxy Climate Records From Alpine Glaciers and Ice Caps (Joint with A)
We solicit contributions in the area of proxy climate records that are derived from alpine glaciers and ice caps ("small glaciers"), on any timescale, from any part of the world. For example, we would consider mass balance records that have been examined on annual to decadal timescales, glacier moraine records that have been dated on the century to millennial timescales, glaciolacustrine records that have been dated on the annual to millennial timescales, and, of course, ice-core studies, other than those from the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, which have been well addressed at past AGU meetings. Our purpose is to develop a more geographically widespread database on climatic change on a variety of timescales. Both oral and poster presentations are welcome.
Conveners: P. Thompson Davis, Department of Natural Sciences, Bentley College, Waltham, MA 02452-4705 USA; Tel: +1-781-891-3479; Fax: +1-781-891-2838; E-mail: pdavis@bentley.edu; Gerald Osborn, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada; Tel: +1-403-220-6448; Fax: +1-403-284-0074; E-mail: osborn@geo.ucalgary.ca; Douglas H. Clark, Department of Geology, Western Washington, University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9080 USA; Tel: +1-360-650-7939; Fax: +1-360-650-7302; E-mail: dhclark@cc.wwu.edu (contact D. H. Clark from July 15 to August 30)
H25 Coupled Hydrological and Ecological Processes in Arid and Semiarid Environments (Joint with B)
Surface and near-surface hydrological and ecological processes are intimately coupled, and an understanding of their interactions is necessary for improved assessment of water balance, plant succession, landscape change, and biogeochemical/global change problems. Arid and semiarid environments are particularly sensitive to shifts in ecological and hydrological conditions, and this session will focus on those environments (although related studies in humid systems may be submitted). The objective of the session is to bring together ecologists and hydrologists in order to promote collaboration and dialog among the two disciplines. In addition, the session is intended to highlight studies investigating the links between ecological and hydrological processes. Abstracts are solicited that discuss field or modeling studies of ecological and hydrological interactions ranging from the patch to watershed scale.
Conveners: Brent Newman, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, MS J495, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA; Tel: +1-505-667-3021; Fax: +1-505-665-3866; E-mail: bnewman@lanl.gov; Brad Wilcox, Inter-American Institute for Global Change Studies, Av. dos Astronautas 1758, 12227-010 Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Tel: +55-12-345-6860; Fax: +55-12-341-4410; E-mail: bwilcox@dir.iai.int
H26 Observations and Modeling of Land Surface Hydrological Processes
Numerous studies have resulted in observations from field experiments to study the dynamics of land surface behavior; numerical modeling of the evolution of land surface response to solar heating and precipitation; the comparison of simulations to observed quantities from field experiments; and the use of satellite remote sensing data to both drive and validate hydrological models. It is widely believed that the combination of field observations and satellite data with hydrological models will produce improved estimates of hydrologic fluxes and energy budgets. This session will explore this concept through examination of a broad range of topics: water and energy budgets, soil moisture, runoff, streamflow, surface temperature, and latent, sensible, ground heat, and net radiation fluxes. Papers on the above topics are invited.
Conveners: Venkataraman Lakshmi, Code 910.4, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-286-9040; Fax:+1-301-286-1757; E-mail: venkat@spectra.gsfc.nasa.gov; John D. Albertson, Department of Environmental Sciences, Clark Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA; Tel: +1-804-924-7241; Fax: +1-804-982-2137; E-mail: jdalbertson@virginia.edu
H27 Advances in the Coupled Modeling of Hydrologic and Other Environmental Processes
This session seeks to promote discussion on important issues arising from recent advances in the coupling of hydrological models with other environmental components such as surface energy exchanges, multicomponent chemical reactions, etc. Presentations are invited on topics such as appropriate levels of model complexity; incorporation of multiple data sources including remotely sensed data; nonlinearity of transformations across scale; coupling of processes with disparate timescales; data and modeling uncertainties; proper methods for model performance evaluation, identification of model parameters, and detection of model inadequacies.
Conveners: Hoshin Gupta, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721 USA; Tel: +1-520-621-9360; Fax: +1-520-621-1422; E-mail: hoshin@hwr.arizona edu; Soroosh Sorooshian, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721 USA; Tel: +1-520-621-1661; Fax: 520-621-1422; E-mail: soroosh@hwr.arizona.edu; Luis Bastidas, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721 USA; Tel: +1-520-621-9969; Fax: +1-520-621-1422; E-mail: lucho@hwr.arizona.edu
H28 Spatially Distributed Measurement Techniques and Approaches For Testing Spatially Distributed Models
There is an increasing need in hydrological research and environmental management to accurately represent and model hydrological processes in a spatial context. For many years now, modeling tools have been available to simulate spatially distributed hydrological processes, but the quality of simulations and process representation have been difficult to assess because of a lack of appropriate field data. There has been renewed interest in field measurements, aimed specifically at testing and improving our understanding and modeling capability of spatial processes in climates from alpine to arid, often involving the use of novel techniques. In addition, some remote sensing techniques have reached the point where they can provide detailed data for model testing. We encourage contributions that illustrate new methods and techniques; use these to critically assess the performance of distributed hydrological models; and develop concepts important to the nature and representation of spatial patterns in hydrological processes.
Conveners: Rodger Grayson, Centre for Environmental Applied Hydrology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Room 442, Grattan Street, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia; Tel: +61-417-054-660; Fax: +61-393-446-215; E-mail: r.grayson@civag.unimelb.edu.au; Mark Seyfried, USDA-ARS, 800 Park Blvd., Boise, ID 83712 USA; Tel: +1-208-422-0175; Fax: +1-208-334-1502; E-mail: mseyfrie@nwrc.ars.pn.usbr.gov; Ross Woods, National Institute for Water and Atmosphere, P.O. Box 8602, Christchurch, New Zealand; Tel: +64-3-343-7803; Fax:+64-3-348-5548; E-mail: r.woods@niwa.cri.nz
H29 Linkages Between Vegetation, Soil, Terrain Features, and Runoff Processes
Recent work has shown the significance of the spatial patterns of topography, soils, and vegetation to the movement and cycling of water, energy, sediment, and nutrients. Research in this area includes attempts to formulate a general theory of ecosystem-hydrology equilibrium (e.g., Eagleson 1978a-g) and the construction of integrative numerical models for direct simulation of these interactions. In addition to contributing to our knowledge regarding the fundamental system dynamics of natural watersheds, the work has direct implications for the impacts caused by persistant human disturbance of ecosystems, climate change, land use/land cover change, and for watershed restoration. This session seeks papers addressing the short-to long-term coupling of terrain, soils, climate, and vegetation as part of the hydrologic cycle. Papers focusing on the development of fundamental equilibrium theory of watershed systems and on applications requiring the explicit integration of hydrological and ecological processes are sought.
Conveners: Lawrence E. Band, Department of Geography, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA; Tel: +1-919-962-3921; Fax: +1-919-962-1537; E-mail: lband@email.unc.edu; Guido Salvucci, Boston University, Department of Geography, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 USA; Tel: +1-617-353-8344; Fax: +1-617-353-8399; E-mail: gdsalvuc@bu.edu
H30 Pedotransfer Functions: The End of Field Data Collection in Hydrology?
The gluttony of hydrologic and mesoscale atmospheric models for soil hydraulic data and the reluctance to collect such data have produced a dilemma for the modeling community. Soil science has offered an escape route via pedotransfer functions (PTFs), which express soil variables such as hydraulic conductivity in terms of available or easily obtainable soil morphology variables, for example, texture. With attempts under way to predict these variables from DEM-derived landform attributes, it is legitimate to ask, How far out on a limb are we willing to venture? We solicit contributions from modelers and field workers in hydrology, soil science, and climatology that address the following and related issues: performance of hydrologic and mesoscale atmospheric models with "pedotransferred" versus real soil hydraulic parameters as input; quality and origin of presumably available or easily obtainable soils data such as texture or bulk density; shortcuts from landform attributes to soil hydraulic data; and variability and scaling problems with PTFs based on GIS soil databases.
Conveners: Helmut Elsenbeer, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071 USA; Tel: +1-513-556-3696; Fax: +1-513-556-2599; E-mail: helmut.elsenbeer@uc.edu; John C. Schaake, NOAA/National Weather Service, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA; Tel: +1-702-895-0489; Fax: +1-702-895-0427; E-mail: john.schaake@noaa.gov
H31 Unsaturated or Multiphase Flow/Transport in Fractured Rock: Where Do We Stand?
Until the 1980s, interest in this topic was primarily restricted to the petroleum industry; however, applied environmental problems (e.g., siting of waste storage facilities, DNAPL migration) have greatly stimulated interest. Predictive modeling is challenged by the highly nonlinear flow/transport behavior of discrete fractures and fracture networks. Coupling between nonlinear hydraulic processes and geologic heterogeneity may lead to confluence or "channeling" of flow. Interaction between the rock matrix and fractures may enhance or impede flow/transport. This session is intended to bring together researchers working on the various components (and totality) of unsaturated or multiphase flow/transport in fractured rock from laboratory, field, numerical, and theoretical perspectives.
Conveners: Michael Nicholl, School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA; Tel: +1-405-744-6358; Fax: +1-405-744-7841; E-mail: nicholl@okway.okstate.edu; Vincent C. Tidwell, Geohydrology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA; Tel: +1-505-844-6025; Fax: +1-505-844-6023; E-mail: vctidwe@sandia.gov
H32 Coastal Aquifers: Analysis and Management of Seawater
Management of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers requires the ability to predict how changes in hydrologic stresses affect coastal freshwater discharge and the nature and position of the interface. Prediction, in turn, requires an understanding of hydrologic and geochemical processes that control groundwater flow and transport in variable-density systems, as well as the definition of the hydrogeologic framework, fluid pressure distribution, and concentration variations. Papers are solicited that describe groundwater flow and transport processes in coastal aquifers, new simulation methods and models, innovative techniques for data collection and analysis, and creative approaches to management or control of seawater intrusion.
Conveners: R. T. Hanson, U.S. Geological Survey, 5735 Kearny Villa Road, Suite O, San Diego, CA 92123 USA; Tel: +1-619-637-6839; Fax: +1-619-637-9201; E-mail: rthanson@usgs.gov; L. F. Konikow, U.S. Geological Survey, National Center, MS-431, 12201 Sunrise Valley, Reston, VA 20192 USA; Tel: +1-703-648-5878; Fax: +1-703-648-5274; E-mail: lkonikow@usgs.gov
H33 Environmental Issues Concerning MTBE and Other Gasoline Additives
MTBE has been used since the late 1970s, first as a gasoline octane booster and more recently in reformulated gasoline (RFG) for reducing air pollutants in automobile exhaust. Recently, MTBE has been frequently detected at low concentrations in groundwater, leading to the abandonment of numerous domestic and public wells. The purpose of this session is to advance the discussion among those in the scientific, regulatory, and remedial communities who will forge the future of MTBE, RFG, and natural attenuation remediation of gasoline spills. Papers are solicited on addressing occurrence, fate, transport, and treatment of MTBE-contaminated water, on emerging technologies for the treatment of MTBE-contaminated groundwater, on natural attenuation of MTBE, and on policy issues regarding the use of MTBE.
Conveners: Ronald J. Baker, U.S. Geological Survey, 810 Bear Tavern Road, West Trenton, NJ 08628 USA; Tel: +1-609-771-3923; Fax: +1-609-771-3915; E-mail: rbaker@usgs.gov; Arturo Keller, Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, 4666 Physical Sciences North, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131 USA; Tel: +1- 805-893-7548; Fax: +1-805-893-7612; E-mail: keller@bren.ucsb.edu
H34 Isotopic Tracers of Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Processes (Joint with B)
This session will address recent advances in the application of stable and radioactive tracers to the understanding of hydrologic and biogeochemical processes in near-surface and aquatic environments. Such processes include weathering reactions, interaction of surface and subsurface waters, organic degradation and transport, nutrient cycling, foodweb relations, rock/water interaction, residence time, climate change, etc. Papers describing new analytical techniques (e.g., CF-IRMS, MC-ICPMS, etc.) or innovative methods for applying isotopes for the solution of field-related problems are especially welcome.
Conveners: Carol Kendall, USGS, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 434, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA; Tel: +1-650-329-4576; Fax: +1-650-329-5590; E-mail: ckendall@usgs.gov; Tom Bullen, USGS, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 434, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA; Tel: +1-650-329-4577; Fax: +1-650-329-4538; E-mail: tdbullen@usgs.gov; Bob Dias, USGS, 345 Middlefield Road, MS 434, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA; Tel: +1-650-329-5603; Fax: +1-650-329-5590; E-mail: rfdias@usgs.gov
H35 Environmental Geochemistry (POSTER ONLY) (Joint with B)
Posters are solicited on environmental geochemical techniques, including laboratory studies, field investigations, and modeling advances. A broad spectrum of topics are appropriate for this session including redox processes in wetlands, flow path determination using combined geochemical and hydrometric techniques, biogeochemical cycling, mineral weathering, degradation of organics, and site remediation efforts.
Conveners: Cecily Chang, USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd, MS434, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA; Tel: +1-650-329-4471; Fax: +1-650-329-4538; E-mail: ccchang@usgs.gov; James O. Sickman, Donald Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; Tel: +1-805-893-7801; Fax: +1-805-893-4724; E-mail: sickman@icess.ucsb.edu
H36 Biogeochemistry of Forested Ecosystems (POSTER ONLY) (Joint with B)
The watershed unit is particularly well suited for integrated studies of forested ecosystems because the integrated system response can be observed. Posters are solicited on biological and hydrogeochemical processes in forested ecosystems, watershed ion budgets, storm and snowmelt events, selection of representative catchments for study, experimental manipulation of catchments, biogeochemical modeling of forested catchments, and long-term monitoring of catchment response to environmental perturbations.
Conveners: Robbins Church, U.S. EPA, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA; Tel: +1-541-754-4424; Fax: +1-541-745-4716, E-mail: church@mail.cor.epa.gov; Kathy Tonnessen, National Park Service, Air Resources Division, PO Box 25287, Denver, CO 80225 USA; Tel: +1-303-969-2738; Fax: +1-303-969-2822; E-mail: kathy_tonnessen@nps.gov
H37 Recent Advances in Interaction of Groundwater and Surface Water
Groundwater exchange with surface water bodies (rivers, canals, lakes, wetlands) represents a critical means for water and solute fluxes between surface and subsurface environments having different residence times and hysical/chemical/
biological characteristics. Recent work has documented active chemical processes at the interface between groundwater and surface water and the geochemical and ecological significance of fluxes across this interface. In some environments (e.g., the Everglades), water may cross the surface/subsurface interface repeatedly as it moves through a regional flow system. Also, data on groundwater or solute exchange with surface water may be useful in calibrating hydrologic models (e.g., numerical groundwater models that cannot be uniquely calibrated with head data alone). Presentations are welcomed on these and other novel aspects of the interaction between surface water and groundwater (field study, biogeochemical implications, incorporation or utilization in models, etc.).
Conveners: David Genereux, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199 USA; Tel: +1-305-348-3119; Fax: +1-305-348-3877; E-mail: genereux@fiu.edu; Claire Welty, Drexel University, School of Environmental Science, Engineering, and Policy, 32nd & Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; Tel: +1-215-895-2281; Fax: +1-215-895-2267; E-mail: weltyc@post.drexel.edu
H38 Analysis and Use of Water Quality Trends
The focus of this session is the analysis and role of trends in environmental assessment of water quality. Issues of special concern include (1) combining statistical and process studies; (2) understanding regional- and national-scale water quality trends; (3) generalizing site-specific study results to larger spatial areas; and (4) communicating results with decision makers. Papers concerned with theory, methods, or results are encouraged, as are papers related to national- and regional-scale water-quality monitoring programs.
Conveners: Douglas A. Harned; and Jerry McMahon, U.S. Geological Survey, 3916 Sunset Ridge Road, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA; Tel: +1-919-571-4024; Fax 919-571-4041; E-mail: daharned@usgs.gov; gmcmahon@usgs.gov; Ken Reckhow, UNC Water Resources Research Institute, 1131 Jordan Hall, Raleigh, NC 27697 USA; Tel: +1-919-613-8026; Fax: +1-919-684-8741; E-mail: reckhow@duke.edu
H39 Scaling, Multifractals, and Extremes: Innovative Techniques in Precipitation
Hydrological processes are highly nonlinear over wide ranges of temporal
and spatial scales. Fractal stuctures and multifractal statistics,
including extreme self-organized behavior (with fat tailed probability
distributions) are ubiquitous. In the last several years, there have been
many developments of specific techniques in order to account for these
nonclassical behaviors, which are at best only poorly handled by conventional analysis and models. This session will be devoted to the most recent theoretical and operational developments and applications of scaling and other innovative approaches to characterizing and modeling of: precipitation, in-situ (e.g. raingage) and remotely sensed (e.g. radar) rainfall measurements, nowcasting and multifractal techniques, and extreme precipitation, including the relationship of precipitation with other intermittent atmospheric processes,
surface processes, including run-off, river flows, flooding and their relationship with scaling topography, and groundwater and subsurface
processes, in particular transport and dispersion in scaling and hierarchical porous media.
Conveners: Daniel Schertzer, Laboratoire de Modelisation en Mecanique (CNRS UMR 7607), Case 162, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 4, place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris cedex 05 France; Tel: +33-1-44-27-4963(sec:-3790); Fax: +33-1-44-27-5259; E-mail: schertze@ccr.jussieu.fr; Shaun Lovejoy, Physics Department, McGill University, 3600 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8 Canada; Tel: +514-398-6537; Fax: +514-398-8434; E-mail: lovejoy@physics.mcgill.ca
Ocean Sciences (OS)
OS01 Nearshore Processes
This special session concerns the dynamics and interactions of wind, waves, currents, sediment transport, and seabed morphology in nearshore waters. While papers on all aspects of nearshore research are solicited, topics of particular interest include those prioritized at the 1998 Nearshore Research Workshop: 1) fluid and sediment processes in the swash zone; 2) breaking waves, bottom boundary layers, and associated turbulence; 3) nearshore sediment transport; and 4) morphology and large scale coastal behavior. The Nearshore Research Workshop report can be found at http://www.oc.nps.navy.mil/~thornton/. Abstracts may describe work of a theoretical, numerical, or experimental nature.
Conveners: Diane Foster, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, CEEGS, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA; Tel: +1-614-292-2771; Fax: +1-614-292-3780; E-mail: diane@superior.eng.ohio-state.edu; http://www-superior.eng.ohio-state.edu/~foster; Don Slinn, Department of Ocean Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991 USA; Tel: +1-561-297-3439; Fax: +1-561-297-3885; E-mail: slinn@oe.fau.edu; http://www.oe.fau.edu/faculty/slinn.html
OS02 Spatial and Temporal Variability in the Gulf of the Farallones From San Francisco Bay to Beyond the Shelf Break (Joint with B)
The Gulf of the Farallones, while geographically well defined, is highly diverse in substrate, bathymetry, hydrology, oceanography, and meteorology. The biota range from estuarine-dependent to highly migratory upper trophic level avifauna and marine mammals, with a variety of links and pathways between production and consumption. High productivity is characteristic of the Gulf despite the variety of inputs from fluvial, upwelling, and offshore advective sources.
Changes in productivity occur at several time-scales including diel, seasonal, ENSO, and secular climatic cycles. Some Gulf fishes and other organisms reflect this variability with long life spans or other evolutionary specializations. Other populations wax and wane substantially or shift latitudinally. The natural processes interact with human activities ranging from protected sanctuaries, recreational fishing and ecotourism, extractive fisheries, and commercial shipping to offshore disposal of dredge spoils and other materials. This session will describe the kinds and extent of variability in ecosystem phenomena within the Gulf of the Farallones to lay the groundwork for the process-oriented understanding essential for rational management. Linkages with regions north and south of the Gulf which potentially receive or contribute to its productivity will be included.
Conveners: Michael McGowan, SFSU RTC, P.O. Box 855, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA; Tel: +1- 415-338-3514; Fax: +1-414-435-7120; E-mail: mcgowan@sfsu.edu
OS03 Improved Understanding of Polar Ocean Processes Through the Synergistic Use of Satellite Observations and Models
The importance of sea ice to the atmospheric and oceanic coupled system is widely recognized, and given that several feedback mechanisms probably amplify the role of the polar oceans in the climate system, it is imperative that we make optimum use of both data and models in understanding this unique and remote environment. One example of the importance of the polar oceans in the climate system is provided by our knowledge that the deep and bottom waters of
the world oceans make contact with the atmosphere through only 5% of the total ocean area, all at high latitudes in areas strongly influenced by sea ice cover. While definitive conclusions on coupling mechanisms remain elusive because of model deficiencies in the representation of, among others, areally integrated effects of the small-scale sea ice features, we are now moving into an era when the quantity and quality of observations of the polar regions allow some of
these problems to be addressed.
Satellite data provide spatially and temporally continuous measurements of various geophysical parameters in the polar regions and thus are an excellent source of information on high-latitude conditions. Through NASA's EOS program, the quantity of observations of the polar regions is set to rise considerably, while recent developments in algorithms have enhanced the quality and range of information about the polar oceans, for example, on ice drift. Numerical
models of the polar oceans typically have made very little use of this large and growing volume of data. In the last few years the assimilation, ingestion, or blending of satellite data into sea ice and/or upper ocean models has become a very active field of research, while at the same time it is anticipated that more accurate descriptions of processes and coupling mechanisms will emerge through the results of studies such as SHEBA. Thus it is timely to review where the polar research community stands in terms of the application of data assimilation and data fusion techniques to the study of polar oceans and to provide priorities in terms of future developments.
Conveners: Thorsten Markus, Code 971, NASA/GSFC-UMBC JCET, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel:+1-301-614-5882; Fax:+1-301-614-5644; E-mail: thorsten.markus.1@gsfc.nasa.gov; Kim Partington, Code YS, NASA Headquarters, 300 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20546 USA; Tel: +1-202-358-0746; Fax: +1-202-358-2770; E-mail: kparting@hq.nasa.gov
OS04 Small-Scale Air-Sea Interaction (Joint with A)
Recent advances in global ocean monitoring have revealed trends toward increasing temperatures in the biosphere, but their causality is still unclear. While the shallow oceans' ability to absorb and retain solar heat is well known, these zones are also the regions in which the mixed layer maintains a relatively constant concentration of dissolved gases with depth, all the way to the sea floor. In these regions the rate-limiting mechanisms of heat and mass transport across the air-sea interface lie within the first millimeter of the water. In this regard, the dynamics of this layer are dominant in promoting or suppressing exchange of heat and gases between the oceans and the atmosphere. Recent theoretical and experimental developments have contributed to a better understanding of small-scale dynamics in both the laboratory and field. To date, however, there is insufficient knowledge about the linkage between these processes for a quantitative parameterization of air-sea exchange. This insufficiency would be relieved by an interdisciplinary discussion including all the following topics: small-scale surface roughness and its relation to transport phenomena; near-surface turbulence and mixing whether induced by wind, waves, or small-scale breaking; the effects of natural and man-made surfactants on surface dynamics; and direct and indirect measurements of transport phenomena, both in the laboratory and in the field.
Conveners: Horst Haussecker, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, IWR, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Tel: +49-6221-54-8823; Fax: +49-6221-54-8850; E-mail: horst.haussecker@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de; Erik Bock, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, IWR, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Tel: +49-6221-54-8823; Fax: +49-6221-54-8850; E-mail: erik@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de
OS05 Global Ocean Observatories
The aim is to provide a critical review of current observatories and to get participants from the various worldwide observatories together with a view to generate discussions on sharing ideas and resources and possibly to coordinate observations of particular events of global proportion, such as hurricanes or El Nino. At a NSF-sponsored workshop we organized at South Florida Ocean Measurement Center (SFOMC) in February 1999 to establish SFOMC as a center for ocean observation and to discuss innovative methods for studying the ocean in the 21st century, presentations by invited representatives from Leo 15, Katama, Texas A&M, MBARI, and University of South Florida were well received by an international audience. A guest presenter from CORE will be included to discuss their recent report to the Congress, entitled "Integrated Ocean Observation Plan." Time permitting, the session will include a discussion on global
observation strategy in the 21st century.
Conveners: Manhar Dhanak, Center for Hydrodynamics and Physical Oceanography, Department of Ocean Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA; Tel: +1-561-297-2827 / +1-954-924-7242; Fax: +1-561-297-3885; E-mail: manhar@oe.fau.edu
OS06 Fluid Chemistry and Its Implication for Diagenesis and Fluid Flow in Marine Environments
The geochemical analysis of interstitial pore fluids is a standard method for examining diagenetic reactions in sediments, fluid movement, and geochemical fluxes in ocean basins. Such measurements are made not only in the deeper ocean environment in association with programs such as the Ocean Drilling Program, but also in shallower-water areas. The proposed session will attempt to bring together data collected in different environments and explore new advances in interpretation and the technology of the collection of such data. Some of the topics discussed will include the following: What is the pore fluid composition evidence for fluid flow in continental passive margins and active margins, and what is its geochemical significance? How does the formation of gas hydrates impact fluid flow? What evidence is there for carbonate recrystallization in pore fluids, and what are the thermodynamics of the associated reactions? How does recrystallization impact the potential paleoceanographic proxies? Is there evidence from pore fluids and solids for hydrothermal changes (steady state vs. nonsteady state) in sediments?
Conveners: Peter K. Swart, MGG, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami Fl 33149 USA; Tel: +1-305-361-4103; Fax: +1-305-361-4632; E-mail: pswart@rsmas.miami.edu; Mitch Malone, Ocean Drilling Program , Texas A&M University, 1000 Discovery Drive, College Station, TX 77845-9547 USA; Tel: +1-409-845-5218; Fax: +1-409-845-0876; E-mail: mitchell_malone@odp.tamu.edu; Joris Gieskes, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92039-0215 USA; Tel: +1-858-534-4357; Fax: +1-858-534-2997; E-mail: jgieskes@ucsd.edu
OS07 Geophysics and Biogeochemistry of Gas Hydrates (Joint with B and T)
Gas hydrates in marine sediment deposits have recently become a major focus of international research because they represent a valuable global reservoir of hydrocarbons; a potential source of an important greenhouse gas which could contribute to global climate changes; and a possible geologic hazard, with the potential to destabilize continental slopes and create massive landslides. More than a decade of research at Cascadia, on the Pacific convergent margin, has documented active venting of fluids and gases at the seafloor and extensive accumulation of gas hydrate on this accretionary complex. Innovative international research efforts are currently under way focusing on geophysical and biogeochemical processes related to gas hydrates in this environment. This session will provide an opportunity to share exciting new results from these ongoing research programs.
Conveners: Erwin Suess, GEOMAR, Research Center for Marine Geosciences, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany; Tel: +49-0431-600-2233; Fax: +49- 0431-600-2928; E-mail: esuess@geomar.de; Robert W. Collier, COAS - Oregon State University, Ocean Admin Bldg 104, Corvallis, OR 97331-5503 USA; Tel: +1-541-737-4367; Fax: +1-541-737-2064; E-mail: rcollier@oce.orst.edu; Chris Goldfinger, COAS - Oregon State University, Ocean Admin Bldg 104, Corvallis, OR 97331-5503 USA; Tel: +1-541-737- 5214; Fax: +1-541-737-2064; E-mail: gold@oce.orst.edu; Gerhard Bohrmann, GEOMAR, Research Center for Marine Geosciences, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany; Tel: +49-0431-600-2319; Fax: +49-0431-600-2928; E-mail: gbohrmann@geomar.de
OS08 Evolution and Oscillation of Major Upwelling Systems
Sedimentary records have shown that the major coastal upwelling systems of the world ocean originated during the Miocene and have subsequently varied both temporally and geographically. Responses of these important oceanographic features to changes in sea level, climate, and oceanic gateways have often been distinctive at different times and in different locations. However, the fundamental processes that drive the responses have probably remained common
though time and place. For example, upwelling intensity typically oscillates in orbital cycles. This session will provide a forum for describing, analyzing, and understanding the factors that were active in the evolution of coastal upwelling systems and the causes of temporal and spatial differences in their paleoceanographic records. In particular, it will encourage comparisons of recent results from Ocean Drilling Program Legs 167 and 175, which explored the histories of the California Current and Benguela Current upwelling systems, respectively, and from other upwelling systems.
Conveners: Beth A.Christensen, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613 USA; Tel: +1-864-294-3361; E-mail: beth.christensen@furman.edu; Philip A. Meyers, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063 USA; Tel: +1-734-764-0597; E-mail: pameyers@umich.edu
OS09 Marine Isotope Stage 11: An Extreme Interglacial? (Joint with EP)
We propose a session that would summarize available information on the warmth, duration, sea-level record, and short-term (millennial scale) climate variability of Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11; 423-362 ka). MIS 11 appears to be the longest and perhaps warmest interglacial of the last 500,000 years. Evidence for sea-level rise of 15-20 m above modern is available from multiple locations, which is consistent with recent studies suggesting that the West Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets were eliminated or greatly reduced one or more times during the mid-Pleistocene. In addition, orbital forcing during MIS 11 was similar to current orbital forcing. Thus MIS 11 is a prime candidate for an interglacial that can provide a credible scenario for future global warming. We anticipate that the session will attract international participation and consist of interdisciplinary communications involving high-resolution paleoclimate records recovered from ocean and lake sediments and ice cores, a summary of evidence for higher sea levels, chronology of MIS 11, and modeling results and issues surrounding this unusual interglacial. The topic, especially the sea level issue, should be of wide interest to scientists and the public.
Conveners: Richard Z. Poore, MS 955, National Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192 USA; Tel: +1-703-648-5270; Fax: +1-703-648-6032; E-mail: rpoore@usgs.gov; Lloyd Burckle, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964 USA; Tel: +1-914-365-8406; Fax: +1-914-365-8154; E-mail: burckle@ldeo.columbia.edu; and Andre Droxler, Department of Geology and Geophysics, MS 126, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston TX 77005-1892 USA; Tel: +1-713-527-4885; Fax: +1-713-285-5214; E-mail: andre@ruf.rice.edu
OS10 Subduction Zone Processes
This session will focus on subduction zone processes, both shallow and deep effects. Researchers interested in convergent margin processes should contribute to this session in order to bring together studies of structure, geochemical cycling, tectonics, volcanology, magma genesis, and general margin geophysics.
Conveners: Derrill M. Kerrick, Department of Geosciences, 243 Deike Bldg., Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA; Tel: +1-814-865-7574; Fax: +1-814-865-3191; E-mail: kerrick@geosc.psu.edu
OS11 Annual to Interdecadal Records of Climate Variability: Past and Present
Tropical climate systems with interannual expressions such as the monsoons and ENSO orchestrate climate variability throughout the globe. This session is designed to bring together scientists working on modern instrumental records and paleoclimatologists generating high-resolution records from the last interglacial to the present. The emphasis will be on new records of past and modern tropical climate variability from annual-resolution archives such as tree rings, corals, varved lacustrine and marine sediments, and ice cores. We also encourage submission of abstracts by those engaged in (1) modeling the tropical climate system at interannual timescales, (2) merging paleoclimatic and instrumental data sets, (3) analysis of tropical climate forcing in pre-Holocene intervals, and (4) development of new archives. Contributions from scientists participating in the PAGES/CLIVAR ARTS (Annual Records of Tropical Systems) program are particularly welcomed.
Conveners: Warren Beck, NSF Arizona AMS Facility, Department of Physics, PAS Bldg. 81, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; Tel: +1-520-621-4277; Fax: +1-520-621-9619; E-mail: wbeck@physics.arizona.edu; Thierry Correge, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD, ex ORSTOM), BPA5 Nouméa, New Caledonia; Tel: +687-26-08-06; Fax: +687-26-43-26; E-mail: correge@noumea.ird.nc; Robert B. Dunbar, Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, 325 Braun Hall (Bldg. 320), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2115 USA; Tel: +1-650-725-6830; Fax: +1-650-725-0979; E-mail: dunbar@stanford.edu
OS12 Advances in Marine Geosciences: A Session in Honor of Donald F. Heinrichs
Donald Heinrichs is retiring from the National Science Foundation after nearly 30 years of service to the oceanographic community. He began his career in administration in 1971 with the Office of Naval Research and moved to NSF in 1975. As Program Director of the Submarine Geology and Geophysics Program for the next 10 years, he provided important continuity for an expanding and increasingly technical research enterprise. In 1985 he became head of the
Oceanographic Centers and Facilities Section, with responsibility for ships, facilities, and the Ocean Drilling Program. The objective of the special session is to recognize Don's distinguished career and commitment to advancing scientific research. This will be done through a mix of invited and contributed papers highlighting recent advances in the marine geosciences that Don has helped to foster. Throughout his career he has worked to maintain a diversity of science, scientists, and institutions by ensuring that expanding capabilities, tools, platforms, and facilities were available throughout the community. He has been unflaggingly dedicated to maintaining the exploratory nature of field and sea-going science. It is expected that the presentations will cover the breadth of marine geoscience research and highlight advances in the field resulting from improved research tools and facilities. We hope to end the session with papers summarizing the status of community planning of future research directions.
Conveners: Debra Stakes, MBARI, 7700 Sandholdt Road, P.O. Box 628, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA; Tel: +1-831-775-1710; Fax: +1-831-775-1620; E-mail: debra@mbari.org; Bruce Malfait, Ocean Drilling Program, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22230 USA; Tel: +1-703-306-1581; Fax: +1-703-306-1581; E-mail: bmalfait@nsf.gov
OS13 Extreme Climates of the Cretaceous and Paleogene (Joint with B and A)
The Paleogene and Cretaceous are punctuated by several brief time intervals with evidence of profound perturbations in the carbon cycle and the global climate. These intervals include the Late Paleocene thermal maximum (LPTM), the Cenomanian-Turonian "Bonarelli" event, and the Early Aptian "Selli" event. A wide spectrum of Earth scientists have recently become interested in these events because the associated rates of carbon cycling and climate change are extreme compared with most records of these processes. For example, the rate of CO2 input to the atmosphere and ocean during the LPTM is similar to or exceeds that observed for the present day. The causes and effects of these extreme events challenge current models and conventions. This session solicits papers that present new insights to understanding these events. Papers focusing on data or models from biological, chemical, or physical approaches are welcome.
Conveners: Gerald Dickens, School of Earth Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; E-mail: Jerry.Dickens@jcu.edu.au; Lisa C. Sloan, Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; Tel: +1-831-459-3693; Fax: +1-831-4599-3074; E-mail: lcsloan@earthsci.ucsc.edu; James C. Zachos, Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA; Tel: +1-831-459-4644; Fax: +1-831-4599-3074; E-mail: jzachos@earthsci.ucsc.edu
OS14 Climate and Sea Level During the Last 250,000 Years
Knowledge of climate and sea level during the last 250,000 years, particularly the penultimate deglaciation (Termination II) and the two most recent interglacial periods (marine isotope stages 5 and 7), provides important insights into the nature of late Quaternary climate and a potential analog for future climate change. This session seeks contributed papers dealing with the histories of climate and sea level during the last 250,000 years. Papers focusing on such issues as the character of short-term fluctuations and/or periods of stability, the absolute timing of climatic and sea-level events, and the magnitudes of these events are welcome, as are studies that address the underlying processes and mechanisms that influenced climate and sea level at Milankovitch and sub-Milankovitch timescales. Contributions that integrate data interpretation and modeling results are especially encouraged.
Conveners: Niall C. Slowey, Department of Oceanography, Eller Building (Room 317B), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3146 USA; Tel: +1-409-845-8478; Fax: +1-409-845-6331; E-mail: slowey@ocean.tamu.edu; Christina Gallup, Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA; Tel: +1-301-405-4088; Fax: +1-301-314-9661; E-mail: gallup@geol.umd.edu; Linda L. York, Department of Geology, University of Delaware, 101 Penny Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA; Tel: +1-302-831-0486; E-mail: llyork@udel.edu
OS15 Past Changes in Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere Circulation and Terrestrial Climate: Late Neogene Linkages and Mechanisms
The tropical oceans are the dominant accumulator and exporter of heat and which ultimately drive planetary-scale ocean and atmosphere circulation. While their important role in effecting significant interannual to decadal climate variability in both the tropics and elsewhere is well known, a comparable understanding for the role of tropical ocean-atmosphere climate variability on the Pliocene-Pleistocene evolution of global climate remains elusive. Of current research interest are those tropical signals which are seasonally responsive, such as monsoonal circulation, tropical surface currents and thermocline depth, heat storage, cross-equatorial heat transport, and tropical land surface processes. The need for these paleoceanographic and
paleoclimatic data is now particularly acute given the abundant evidence for large and abrupt changes in high-latitude climate and deep ocean circulation. Specific research questions we wish to address in this session include the following: How did tropical ocean SSTs, thermocline depth, heat storage, and cross-equatorial heat transport change during glacial extrema and deglacial transitions over the late Pleistocene?; Were there tropical climate precursors to the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation?; How are changes in tropical ocean circulation linked to high-latitude climate variability?; What is the timing and amplitude of these changes relative to ice volume?; How did tropical land surfaces respond to changes in tropical and extratropical boundary conditions? This session invites presentations which bring new paleoclimatic, paleoceanographic, and climate modeling results to bear on general questions of how tropical climates have changed over two temporal scales: the late Pleistocene and the Pliocene-Pleistocene. We specifically encourage presentations which examine how coupled tropical ocean-atmosphere systems have varied in response to changing surface boundary conditions. We also invite climate modeling studies which present testable hypotheses of how tropical climate systems respond to prescribed boundary condition changes.
Conveners: Peter B. deMenocal, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Geoscience 211, Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA; Tel: +1-914-365-8483 (office); +1-914- 365-8722 (lab); Fax: +1-914-365-8165; E-mail: peter@ldeo.columbia.edu; Paul Baker, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA; E-mail: pbaker@geo.duke.edu
OS16 Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology: Observations and Models
This general session seeks contributed papers on all topics within the fields of paleoceanography and paleoclimatology. Studies focusing on any combination of data interpretation, proxy calibration, and modeling are welcome. Spatial scales of interest for this session will include regional- and basin-scale to global-scale studies, while temporal scales of interest will range from the Holocene to the Precambrian.
Conveners: Adina Paytan, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Braun Hall, Bldg. 320, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; Tel: +1-650-723-0847; Fax: +1-650-725-0979; E-mail: paytan@pangea.stanford.edu; Larry C. Peterson, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA; Tel: +1-305-361-4692; Fax: +1-305-361-4632; E-mail: lpeterson@rsmas.miami.edu
OS17 High-Resolution Lake Sediment Chronologies and Reconstruction of Quaternary and Pliocene Climate
Lake deposits yield important information on the timing and response of continental regions to the climate changes, with impacts that affected human habitation. Many lake records contain datable material and thus provide excellent cases for establishing high-resolution chronologies of Quaternary and Pliocene continental climate changes. Many of the Quaternary continental records can be compared directly with ice and deep sea cores. We call for papers which summarize the current research on these topics.
Conveners: Moti Stein, Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; E-mail: motis@vms.huji.ac.il; Steven L. Goldstein, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Rt. 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA; Tel: +1-914-365-8787; Fax: +1-914-365-8155; E-mail: steveg@ldeo.columbia.edu; Julie Brigham-Grette, Department of Geosciences, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-5820 USA; Tel: +1-413-545-4840; Fax: +1-413-545-1200; E-mail: brigham-grette@geo.umass.edu; Martin Melles, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; Tel: +49-331-2882116; Fax: +49-331-2882137; E-mail: mmelles@awi-potsdam.de
Planetary Sciences (P)
P01 Latest From Mars: Results of the Mars Polar Lander, Deep Space 2, and Mars Global Surveyor Missions
In early December, the Mars Polar Lander will touch down just off the permanent south polar ice cap of Mars. This mission will provide the first in situ observations of polar terrains on Mars and in addition will study water in the Martian atmosphere, soil, and crust. At the same time, two microprobes released from the spacecraft, called the Deep Space 2 Mission, will penetrate the surface of Mars to a depth of ~2 m in order to examine the properties of the soil at depth. Also continuing is the Mars Global Surveyor Mission, now in its primary mapping mode. This session will bring together participants in all of these exciting Mars missions to present their latest results, including "hot off the press" data from the landed missions, which will be ‹2 weeks old at the time of the meeting.
Conveners: Arden Albee, Mail Stop 02-31, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; Tel: +1-626-395-6367; Fax: +1-626-577-9246; E-mail: aalbee@cco.caltech.edu; Richard Zurek, Mail Stop 169-237, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 USA; Tel: +1-818-354-3725; Fax: +1-818-393-4619; E-mail: richard.w.zurek@jpl.nasa.gov
P02 Origin of the Earth and Moon Revisited (Joint with V)
This session will explore the implications of experimental and theoretical work for the origin of the Earth and Moon. The goal is to allow for extended discussion of issues raised at last year's Monterey Origin of the Earth and Moon meeting, including geochemical, petrological, and dynamical studies relevant to an impact-triggered formation of the Earth and Moon.
Conveners: Robin Canup, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 426, Boulder, CO 80302 USA; Tel: +1-303-546-6856; Fax: +1-303-546-9687; E-mail: robin@boulder.swri.edu; John Jones, Code SN2, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058 USA; Tel: +1-281-483-5319; Fax: +1-281-483-1573; E-mail: john.h.jones1@jsc.nasa.gov
P03 Dynamics of the Atmospheres and Interiors of the Terrestrial Planets: A Celebration of Gerald Schubert on His 60th Birthday (Joint with A and T)
This session is designed to celebrate the career of Gerald (Jerry) Schubert, one of the most productive and versatile researchers in the AGU community. Jerry has made lasting contributions to many areas in the geophysical, atmospheric, and planetary sciences. The session will bring together colleagues, friends, and students of Jerry Schubert in order to highlight his work in the fields of mantle convection, upper atmosphere dynamics, and the interiors and atmospheres of the terrestrial and outer planets and their moons.
Conveners: David Bercovici, Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1680 East-West Road, POST 810/813, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA; Tel: +1-808-956-9717; Fax: +1-808-956-5154; E-mail: dberco@soest.hawaii.edu; David A. Yuen, Department Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, 1200 Washington Avenue S, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA; Tel: +1-612-624-1868; Fax: +1-612-624-8861; E-mail: davey@krissy.msi.umn.edu; David T. Sandwell, IGPP 0225, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA; Tel: +1-619-534-7109; Fax: +1-619-534-2902; E-mail: sandwell@geosat.ucsd.edu
P04 Galileo at Io (Joint with SM)
This fall, the Galileo spacecraft will make its first close-up remote sensing observations of Io. Expected data return includes images of its active volcanoes, with an unprecedented resolution of tens of meters and near-infrared spectra with kilometer resolution, as well as extensive plasma measurements. These results will be presented in detail for the first time in this special session. In addition, the results of ongoing studies utilizing previously collected data will be presented.
Conveners: John R. Spencer, Lowell Observatory, 1400 W. Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA; Tel: +1-520-774-3358; Fax: +1-520-774-6296; E-mail: spencer@lowell.edu; Torrence V. Johnson, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, MS 264-419, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; Tel: +1-818-393-7957; Fax: +1-818-354-6256; E-mail: tjohnson@jpltvj.jpl.nasa.gov
P05 Compositions of the Surfaces of the Icy Galilean Satellites
The Galileo spacecraft is providing a wealth of data concerning the icy Galilean satellites Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Imagery almost immediately revealed unexpected surface features that imply exciting geology. Spectral and color measurements, although more complex and difficult to analyze, are revealing equally exciting findings concerning surface composition and the chemistry of the surfaces and subsurfaces. When combined with ground-based telescopic HST studies and the geological findings, these measurements tell a complex tale of the state and evolution of these planet-sized objects. Results indicate active surface chemistry stimulated by energetic magnetospheric particles and in addition include potential analysis of prebiotic organic molecules and materials from a subsurface Europa ocean. Two workshops have been held in an attempt to stimulate evaluation and synthesis of the results by the heterogeneous science communities involved. This session is intended to present a summary and examples of some of the results of these efforts to the broader scientific community.
Conveners: Thomas B. McCord, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawaii, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA; Tel: +1-808-956-3897; Fax: +1-808-956-6322; E-mail: tom@pgd.hawaii.edu; Robert W. Carlson, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 183-601, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; Tel: +1-818-354-2648; Fax: +1-818-393-4605; E-mail: rcarlson@issac.jpl.nasa.gov
P06 Ultramafic Volcanism: From the Earth's Archean to Jupiter's Moon Io Today (Joint with V)
Recent Galileo spacecraft and ground-based telescopic observations of Jupiter's volcanically active moon Io reveal that some eruptions involve extremely high temperature (1500 C) materials. These temperatures are consistent with either ultramafic (komatiitic?) or superheated mafic volcanism. This session is intended to bring together workers in planetology, volcanology, igneous petrology, and geochemistry to discuss the evidence for extremely high temperature volcanism on Io, the techniques for remote sensing of thermal emission from lava flows, and the potential of using terrestrial volcanological and/or geochemical analogs such as komatiitic lavas to understand the nature of high-temperature volcanism on Io. Of particular interest are recent studies into the physical volcanology and petrogenesis of terrestrial komatiites, which have a wide range of implications for the surface and interior processes of Io.
Conveners: John Stansberry, Steward Observatory, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721 USA; Tel: +1-520-626-6658; Fax: +1-520-621-9555; E-mail: stansber@as.arizona.edu; David A. Williams, Department of Geology, Box 871404, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 USA; Tel: +1-480-965-7029; Fax: +1-602-965-8102; E-mail: dwilliams@dione.la.asu.edu; Laszlo Keszthelyi, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0092 USA; Tel: +1-520-621-6950; Fax: +1-520-621-4933; E-mail: lpk@lpl.arizona.edu
Seismology (S)
S01 Probabilistic Earthquake Forecasting
Earthquake forecasts are statements of earthquake potential, perhaps without the specificity or degree of assurance that characterizes a prediction. In this session we will consider forecasts which specify probability density as a function of location, magnitude, and time or, alternately, earthquake probabilities in specified space, magnitude, and time windows. The "source models" for probabilistic hazard estimates, and some forms of the seismic gap model, are examples of forecasts. Probabilistic forecasts may be tested against future earthquakes if the number of events forecasted in that time is sufficient, usually a few dozen or more. This session will focus on active probabilistic forecasts, methodologies for estimating probabilities, and testing
procedures.
Conveners: David Jackson, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, UCLA, 595 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 USA; Tel: +1-310-825-0421; Fax: +1-310-825-2779; E-mail: djackson@ucla.edu; Mark Petersen, California Division of Mines and Geology, 801 K Street, MS 12-31, Sacramento, CA 95814-3531 USA; Tel: +1-916-322-9317; Fax: +1-916-322-4765; E-mail: mpeterson@consrv.ca.gov
S02 Slip Localization, Shear Melting, and Fluid Pressurization in Earthquake Dynamics (Joint with T)
Shear melting and fluid pressurization have been recognized as potentially important mechanisms affecting rupture dynamics. A key related issue is the thickness of the slip zone during rupturing. Questions to be addressed in this session include the following: (1) What is the evidence (field/lab/theoretical) on the thickness of the slip zone during rupture? (2) How widespread is shear melting and/or fluid pressurization, and what is the field evidence? (3) Does melting reduce or increase friction, and what is the physics of lubrication at seismic slip velocities? (4) What are the implications for stress levels in fault zones, rupture dynamics, and seismic efficiency? and (5) What seismological evidence exists for shear melting and/or fluid pressurization?
Conveners: Hiroo Kanamori, Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; Tel: +1-626-395-6914; Fax: +1-626-564-0715; E-mail: hiroo@gps.caltech.edu; Richard A. Sibson, Department of Geology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand; Tel: +64-3-479-7506; Fax: +64-3-479-7527; E-mail: rick.sibson@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
S03 Internal Fault Structure (Joint with T)
Reasons for studying the internal structure of fault zones include improved understanding of earthquake rupture mechanics, fault zone evolution, and strong ground motions. However, what properties must be mapped or geophysically imaged, and at what scale and resolution, to achieve these disparate goals? Given these mapping goals, what techniques are able to map these properties with adequate scale and resolution to resolve key hypotheses? Are there critical parameters that cannot be mapped? Papers are sought that clarify fault zone structure by fault drilling projects (such as the Nojima fault drilling project after the 1995 Kobe earthquake or the Active Fault Probe experiments on the Mozumi-Atotsugawa fault system) and geological, geochemical, or geophysical surface measurements that help revise our view of fault zone structure. We also seek proposed applications based on our knowledge of fault zone structure; hypotheses on fault development and behavior that require a better understanding of internal fault zone structures; and studies that bridge the gap between these applications, hypotheses, and the necessary observations.
Conveners: Hisao Ito, Earthquake Research Department, Geological Survey of Japan, 1-1-3 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan; Tel: +81-298-54-3757; Fax: +81-298-55-1298; E-mail: g0193@gsj.go.jp; Andrew Michael, USGS, MS 977, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA; Tel: +1-650-329-4777; Fax: +1-650-329-5163; E-mail: michael@andreas.wr.usgs.gov
S04 Seismicity, Stress, and Strain on the San Andreas Fault System (Joint with G and T)
This session aims to bring together diverse work that bears on the mechanics of the San Andreas Fault system. Current results on topics including lineations of seismicity in creeping sections of the system, rotations of the stress field very close to the fault, and strain transients may spur a significant advance in our understanding of its mechanics. With its high levels of seismicity and interesting phenomena, the creeping section of the fault is a particular focus of interest.
Conveners: Heidi Houston, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; Tel: +1-310-206-3896; Fax: +1-310-825-2779; E-mail: hhouston@ess.ucla.edu; Roland Burgmann, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, 301 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767 USA; Tel: +1-510-643-9545; Fax: +1-510-643-9980; E-mail: burgmann@seismo.berkeley.edu
S05 Structure in the Upper to Middle Mantle: Images and Insights (Joint with T and V)
The pattern of convection in the mantle remains controversial. Seismological images now suggest subduction in many areas extends into the midmantle while in other regions the transition zone appears to have a substantial effect on mantle flow. Debate over proposed compositional boundaries, which were previously placed in the upper mantle, has now shifted deeper as our understanding of equations of state and our seismological images have improved. Disruptions in the vertical continuity of tomographic images and observations of scattered seismic waves in the midmantle, combined with geochemical evidence for multiple components in the mantle that require long time periods to develop, have motivated models in which the lowermost mantle does not mix thoroughly with the mantle above. We will explore the evidence, the arguments, and their implications.
Conveners: John Vidale, Earth and Space Sciences Department, UCLA, 595 E. Chuck Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 USA; Tel: +1-310-206-3935; Fax: +1-310-825-2779; E-mail: vidale@ucla.edu; Louise Kellogg, Department of Geology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616; Tel: +1-530-752-3690; Fax: +1-530-752-0951; E-mail: kellogg@geology.ucdavis.edu
S06 New Views of the Composition, State, and Dynamics of the Lower Mantle (Joint with T and V)
Recent studies are radically changing our understanding of the composition, state, and dynamics of the lowermost mantle. Uncorrelated shear and compressional wave velocity variations, enormous low-velocity bodies beneath the Pacific Ocean and Africa, phase transitions and dissociation under lower mantle conditions, and the discovery of ultra-low-velocity zones atop the CMB are just a few of the observations suggesting a compositionally heterogeneous, perhaps partially molten lowermost mantle region extending 1000 km or more above the core-mantle boundary. The aim of this session is to explore these new findings in a multidisciplinary environment, combining new results from seismology, studies of mineralogy and rheology at lower mantle pressures and temperatures, and numerical simulations of the dynamics of a mixed composition or phase mantle. Abstracts addressing relevant aspects of core-mantle interaction are welcome.
Conveners: Justin Revenaugh, Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA; Tel: +1-831-459-3055; Fax: +1-831-459-3074; E-mail: jsr@monk.ucsc.edu; Thomas Duffy, Department of Geosciences, Guyot Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; Tel: +1-609-258-6769; Fax: +1-609-258-1274; E-mail: duffy@geo.princeton.edu
S07 Structure and Evolution of the Iceland Hotspot and Mantle Plume (Joint with G, GP, T, and V)
Iceland is the largest subaerial exposure of spreading plate boundary and flanking plate in the world. In recent years it has been the target of a large number of advanced projects, the objectives of which are to increase understanding of the structure and evolution of the crust and mantle beneath Iceland. State-of-the-art equipment has been deployed in many major data-gathering projects that include both active and passive seismology, gravity, GPS, and magnetotellurics. Major data organization projects have also made available excellent geophysical, geodetic, and geological data sets that cover the entire country. Many of these new data sets are now at an advanced stage of interpretation. This special session will be a cross-disciplinary gathering of scientists whose work has shed light on the structure and evolution of the Iceland hotspot and mantle plume. It is hoped that presentation of diverse results in a single session will stimulate new insights and ideas in this subject.
Conveners: Gil Foulger, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK; Tel: +0191-374-2514; Fax: +0191-374-2510; E-mail: g.r.foulger@durham.ac.uk; Olafur Flovenz, National Energy Authority, Grensasveguur 9, Reykjavik, Iceland; Tel: +354-569-6000; Fax: +354-568-8896; E-mail: ogf@os.is
S08 Lithospheric Structure and Evolution of the Rocky Mountain Region (Joint with T)
The Rocky Mountain region has experienced a complex geologic history that is dominated by two globally important tectonic regimes, each of fundamental importance for understanding continental tectonics and together representing an outstanding field laboratory for studies of continental lithosphere. First, a 1500-km-wide juvenile Proterozoic orogenic belt records an episode of rapid accretion of continental materials from mantle sources and their assembly to
southern Laurentia between 1.8 and 1.6 Ga. Second, the present high elevations of the regional orogenic plateau in the southwest and in the southern Rocky Mountain/Rio Grande rift region in particular is the manifestation of Phanerozoic and still ongoing modification and disassembly of Proterozoic lithosphere. A better understanding of this region will require integration of a variety of geophysical and geological measurements, and diverse contributions to this session are sought.
Conveners: Randy Keller, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0555 USA; Tel: +1-915-747-5850; Fax: +1-915-747-5073; E-mail: keller@geo.utep.edu; Karl Karlstrom, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, 200 Yale Blvd, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1116 USA; Tel: +1-505-277-4346; Fax: +1-505-277-8847; E-mail: kek1@unm.edu
S09 The SHIPS Survey and Pacific Northwest Earthquake Studies (Joint with T)
Seismic data collected during the Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound (SHIPS) experiment in northern Washington State and southern British Columbia, Canada, delineate active faults and reveal major structures that control the propagation and amplitude of earthquake waves. The survey region overlies the Cascadia subduction zone, and large earthquakes might affect large urban areas in the U.S. and Canadian Pacific Northwest. The analysis of earthquake hazards is based on reflection and wide-angle seismic data as well as on arrivals from earthquakes recorded by the regional seismometer array.
Conveners: Michael Fisher, U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA; Tel: +1-650-329-5158; Fax: +1-650-329-5299; E-mail: mfisher@octopus.wr.usgs.gov; Craig Weaver, U.S. Geological Survey, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351650, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; Tel: +1-206-553-0627; Fax: +1-206-553-8350; E-mail: craig@geophys.washington.edu
SPA: Aeronomy (SA)
SA01 Incoherent Scatter Radar: New Techniques and Novel Results
The incoherent scatter radar (ISR) technique has been in use for more than 30 years to probe the ionosphere. Recently, many papers have been written and new radar techniques have been developed. In order to review current ISR developments, papers are welcomed in the areas of incoherent scatter theory and data analysis techniques, with special emphasis on innovation.
Conveners: Sixto A. Gonzalez, National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, Arecibo Observatory, HC3 Box 53995, Arecibo, PR; Tel: +1-787-878-2612; Fax: +1-787-878-1861; E-mail: sixto@naic.edu
SA02 The Equatorial Spread-F Phenomena: Nowcasting and Forecasting
During the last 10 years, there has been a strong emphasis in the Aeronomy community on forecasting growth of the plasma depletions that evolve during the nighttime at low and equatorial latitudes. The term equatorial spread-F has been used to encompass a wide range of scale lengths and in some cases has included different processes. We presently know, in very much detail, the climatology of the spread-F phenomena. We also know that the generalized Rayleigh-Taylor instability is responsible for the formation of the large-scale plasma depletions that rise sometimes beyond 1200-km altitude. The aim of this session is to review our present knowledge of the factors that feed or inhibit growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor. This session includes papers dealing with the state of the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere before, during, and after the formation of the spread-F plasma irregularities. Experimental, modeling, and theoretical studies can also be submitted. Papers proposing strategies to achieve a forecasting capability of the growth of the spread-F phenomena are also welcome in this session.
Conveners: Cesar E. Valladares, Institute for Scientific Research, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA; Tel: +1-781- 863-5928; Fax: +1-781-863-5949; E-mail: cesar@dL5000.bc.edu; Santimay Basu, Air Force Research Laboratory/VSBI, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731-3010 USA; Tel: +1-202-404-4384; Fax: +1-202-767-0631; E-mail: basu@ppd.nrl.navy.mil
SA03 Direct Sampling in the Lower Ionospheres of Earth, Mars, and Venus: Technological Advances and Challenges Using "Dipping" Satellite Platforms
The lower ionosphere/thermosphere region of the Earth (100-150 km) represents a critical boundary region, where the ionized gases of space and the neutral gases of the atmosphere are coupled and where impinging forces and momentum are deposited from the magnetosphere above and from the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere below. Although the intrinsic processes occurring in this region, as well as their interactions from above and below, are fundamentally important, the difficulty of gathering comprehensive in situ measurements in this region greatly hinders our understanding of the lower ionosphere/thermosphere system. New ideas are emerging, however, which promise important advances in in situ probe sampling at altitudes below 150 km on the Earth using satellite-borne probes. Furthermore, such "dipping" satellite instrumentation includes technology which is directly applicable to similar low-altitude sampling on Mars and Venus. This poster session will focus on new experimental advances that enable comprehensive in situ measurements of the electrodynamics and neutral and plasma gas properties in the lower ionosphere/thermosphere of Earth, Mars, and Venus. Papers are solicited that address new instrument techniques, as well as the engineering challenges related to direct in situ sampling along such low-altitude "dipping" orbits. Papers which discuss theoretical motivations as well as the most urgently sought physical parameters are particularly welcome.
Conveners: Robert F. Pfaff, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 696, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-286-6328; Fax: +1-301-286-1648; E-mail: rob.pfaff@gsfc.nasa.gov
SA04 Low- and Middle- Latitude Aeronomy
The low- and middle-latitude atmosphere is a dynamic region exhibiting strong and complex coupling. The coupling occurs between the charged and neutral atmosphere, between the lower and upper atmosphere, and between equatorial and nonequatorial latitudes. A prime illustration of this coupling is the generation of the low- and middle-latitude electric field during
geomagnetically quiet conditions, which is largely due to the dynamo action of neutral winds in the E region. Contributions are solicited which address any aspect of low- or middle-latitude upper atmospheric physics. These may comprise ground- or space-based observations and/or theoretical or modeling studies which address both large- and small-scale structure, dynamics, electric fields, currents, and composition, the coupling to other regions, sources of variability, and the generation and evolution of instabilities and irregularities.
Conveners: Cassandra G. Fesen, Center for Space Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, POB 830688, MS FO22, Richardson, TX, 75083-0688 USA; Tel: +1-972-883-2815; Fax: +1-972-883-2761; E-mail: fesen@tides.utdallas.edu; John W. Meriwether, 206 Kinard Laboratory Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-1911 USA; Tel: +1-864-656-0915; Fax: +1-864-656-0805; E-mail: john.meriwether@ces.clemson.edu.
SPA: Heliospheric Physics (SH)
SH01 Structure and Rotation of the Solar Core
Investigations of the structure, composition, and rotation of the energy-generating core of the Sun are important for understanding the physics and evolution of the Sun and its role in the evolution of Earth and the solar system. New helioseismic data from space- and ground-based projects (SOHO, GONG, BISON, IRIS, and others) provide a unique opportunity to probe the structure and rotation of the core and solve long-standing problems of the Sun's variability during its evolution and the distribution of angular momentum. This session will focus on observations of the low-degree solar modes, on interpretation of the data, on new helioseismic constraints on the solar core structure, composition, rotation, and magnetism, and on the progress in theoretical modeling and understanding the physical processes inside the Sun.
Conveners: Philip H. Scherrer, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4085 USA; Tel: +1-650-723-1504; Fax: +1-650-725-2333; E-mail: phil@quake.stanford.edu; Alexander G. Kosovichev, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4085 USA; Tel: +1-650-723-7667; Fax: +1-650-725-2333; E-mail: sasha@quake.stanford.edu
SH02 Four Years of SOHO: Advances in Understanding Our Dynamic Sun
The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory was launched on December 2, 1995, containing 12 instruments dedicated to the study of the Sun's interior, atmosphere, and solar wind. The project has yielded new and occasionally surprising results. The strength of this mission was derived from the efforts of an international scientific community to develop instrumentation which could accomplish a variety of scientific goals. The daily spacecraft operations were designed to facilitate coordinated campaigns and focused observations. After 4 years of operation, many of the SOHO observations have been fully digested, and their results have been incorporated into our increasing understanding of the Sun. This session is intended to highlight our continued progress. Presentations appropriate for this session include (1) interesting scientific results from SOHO investigations, (2) results of coordinated campaigns between multiple SOHO instruments or with other observatories, (3) historical lectures regarding the development of SOHO, and (4) informative lectures regarding the status of campaigns, investigations, and the spacecraft itself. More generalized presentations and presentations about "SOHO's Greatest Hits" will be prioritized.
Conveners: B. J. Thompson, Code 682, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, M, 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301 286 3405; Fax: +1-301 286 1617; E-mail: barbara.thompson@gsfc.nasa.gov; A. B. Galvin, EOS Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA; Tel: +1-603-862-3511; Fax: +1-603-862-0311; P. Brekke, ESA Space Science Department, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 682.3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-286-6983; Fax: +1-301-996-9028; E-mail: pbrekke@esa.nascom.nasa.gov
SH03 Solar Cycle Variations in the Sun's Interior, Atmosphere, and Heliosphere
Investigations of solar cycle variations of the structure and dynamics of the solar interior and heliosphere are important for understanding the mechanisms of solar activity and for forecasting. Recent helioseismic, heliospheric, magnetic, and multiwavelength optical, UV, X-ray, and radio observations have provided a comprehensive view of solar variability during the rising phase of Cycle 23. Variations of internal structure and rotation evident in frequencies of solar oscillations obtained from SOHO/MDI and GONG strongly correlate with the surface and coronal activity. The purpose of this session is to discuss new observations of the large-scale variations in the solar interior, atmosphere, corona, and wind associated with the activity cycle, possible links between the internal and external processes, and progress in theoretical modeling and understanding of dynamo processes on the Sun and their consequences.
Conveners: J. Todd Hoeksema, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4085 USA; Tel: +1-650-723-1506; Fax: +1-650-725-2333; E-mail: todd@quake.stanford.edu; Alexander G. Kosovichev, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4085 USA; Tel: +1-650-723-7667; Fax: +1-650-725-2333; E-mail: sasha@quake.stanford.edu; Elena E. Benevolenskaya, Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, Pulkovskoe shosse 65, St. Petersburg, 196140 Russia; Tel: +7-812-525-9369; Fax: +7-812-123-1922; E-mail: elena.benevolenskaya@pobox.spbu.ru
SH04 The Magnetic Structure of the Heliosphere
The interplanetary magnetic field is second only to the solar wind in determining the Earth's environment in the heliosphere and the nature of the heliosphere itself. Progress in our understanding has been characterized by exemplary interaction between theory and observation. For example, the spiral average field was predicted by Parker before it was observed. The purpose of this special session is to assess the present status of our understanding and identifying important open problems in this field of research. We also want to look briefly back at how we arrived at where we are. There will be a number of invited papers as well as contributed papers.
Conveners: John Belcher, MIT; E-mail: jwb@space.mit.edu; Randy Jokipii, University of Arizona; E-mail: jokipii@lpl.arizona.edu; Thomas Zurbuchen, University of Michigan; E-mail: thomasz@umich.edu
SH05 ISTP/IACG Coordinated Event Science on Solar Eruptive Events
After the launch of Yohkoh, Wind, ACE, and SOHO, a large number of solar eruptive events have been observed. Some of these events are designated as ISTP Sun-Earth connection events, and many others have been studied together in a recent Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW) held at GSFC. This session is devoted to the understanding of the evolution of solar eruptive events and how these events interact with the steadier stream of the solar wind.
Conveners: James L. Green, NASA/GSFC, Code 630/Space Science Data Operations Office, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-286-7354; FAX: +1-301-286-1771; E-mail: green@bolero.gsfc.nasa.gov; Coconvener: Robert E. McGuire, NASA/GSFC, Code 630/Space Physics Data Operations Office, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-286-7794; Fax: +1-301-286-1771; E-mail: robert.e.mcguire.1@gsfc.nasa.gov
SPA: Magnetospheric Physics (SM)
SM01 Magnetic-Field-Aligned Electric Fields in Space Plasmas (Joint with SA and SH)
A common assumption in space plasmas is that electric fields parallel to the ambient magnetic field do not exist. However, this assumption breaks down, particularly in regions that mark the boundary between different plasma regimes, such as occur at collisionless shocks, or in the auroral acceleration region where currents flow between the hot magnetospheric plasma and the cooler ionosphere. Recent results from the Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer (FAST), for example, have emphasized the importance of parallel electric fields for increasing the amount of current carried by the plasma in both the upward and downward directions. Moreover, in some cases the energy gained by the plasma can be dissipated through electromagnetic radiation, and thus parallel electric fields may become a free energy source for planetary and astronomical radio emissions. This session focuses on the role of parallel electric fields in space plasmas. Papers are solicited that address the sources of parallel electric fields, the observational evidence for such fields, and the consequences of these fields. While our emphasis will be on auroral and magnetospheric processes, papers discussing other plasma regimes where parallel electric fields occur are also encouraged. Papers discussing the theoretical consequences of parallel electric fields in space plasmas are particularly welcome.
Conveners: R. J. Strangeway, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA; Tel: +1-310-206-6247; Fax: +1-310-206-3051; E-mail: strange@igpp.ucla.edu; R. F. Pfaff, Jr., Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 696, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-286-6328; Fax: +1-301-286-1648; E-mail: rob.pfaff@gsfc.nasa.gov
SM02 Astrid-2: The Mission, Its Early Results, and the New Technology Used
The Swedish microsatellite Astrid-2 was launched in December 1998 into a polar orbit at 1000 km, carrying instrumentation for measuring electric and magnetic fields, ions and electrons, plasma density and density fluctuations, and UV emissions from the upper atmosphere. Its dual primary mission objectives are to serve as a technology demonstration of the feasibility of using microsatellites for auroral research and to carry out comprehensive scientific investigations of auroral dynamics in the ionosphere-magnetosphere interface region. Both objectives have been met successfully, paving the way for inexpensive multisatellite missions to the inner magnetosphere. This session is aimed at discussing the mission, its early scientific results, as well as the new technology that has been developed to make the mission possible. Scientific topics include, but are not limited to, characteristics of auroral parameters in the upward and downward field-aligned current region, large-scale convection and the polar cap potential drop, high-latitude aurora, ion cusp injection, and cusp dynamics, plasma cavities, and density structures. Papers on ground-based studies supported by Astrid-2 data are welcome as well.
Conveners: Lars Blomberg, Alfven Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden; Tel: +46-8-790-7697; Fax: +46-8-24-54-31; E-mail: astrid-2-agu99@plasma.kth.se; Goran Marklund, Alfven Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden; Tel: +46-8-790-7695; Fax: +46-8-24-54-31; E-mail: astrid-2-agu99@plasma.kth.se
SM03 State-of-the-Art Instrumentation and Its Contribution to Progress in Magnetospheric and Cometary Physics: A Tribute to Alan Johnstone (Joint with SH)
Alan Johnstone contributed to many areas of magnetospheric and cometary physics through his innovative approach to instrument design as well as to theory and data analysis. This session will have several invited talks by Alan's colleagues, celebrating his contributions to our field. Contributed oral and poster presentations are solicited that focus on the innovations in space plasma instrument design and their impact on our understanding of the magnetosphere and comets.
Conveners: Andrew Coates, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, MSSL-UCL, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK; Tel: +44-1483-204145; Fax: +44-1483-278312; E-mail: ajc@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; Jim Burch, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, P.O. Box 28510, San Antonio TX, 78228 USA; Tel: +1-210-522-2526; Ffax: +1-210-647-4325; E-mail: jburch@swri.edu; Bill Peterson, Lockheed Martin (visiting at LASP), University of Colorado, 1234 Innovation Drive, Boulder, CO 80303 USA; Tel: +1-303-492-0686; Fax: +1-303-492-0686; E-mail: pete@willow.colorado.edu
SM04 Solar-Terrestrial Interactions on the Day the Solar Wind Almost Disappeared (Joint with SA and SH)
On May 10-12, 1999, preliminary data show that the solar wind density decreased well below 1 / cm3 for more than a day while the velocity was around 350-400 km/s and the IMF was mostly weakly northward. The magnetic field at geosynchronous orbit showed little of its usual diurnal variation. This unusual interval provides an opportunity to examine solar-terrestrial interactions during a very inflated magnetosphere. Papers are invited that explore the dynamics of the magnetospheric response and recovery; the solar and interplanetary source; the bow shock, magnetosheath, and magnetopause; currents, fields, and plasmas in the magnetosphere and ionosphere; as well as the comparative analysis of similar unusual events.
Conveners: H. J. Singer, NOAA Space Environment Center, NOAA R/E/SE, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA; Tel: +1-303-497-6959; Fax: +1-303-497-5388; E-mail: hsinger@sec.noaa.gov; D.B. Berdichevsky, Raytheon-ITSS Corp. at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-286-4608; E-mail: berdi@istp1.gsfc.nasa.gov; C. J. Farrugia, Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA; Tel: +1-603-862-4596; Fax: +1-603-862-0311; E-mail: farrugia@monet.sr.unh.edu; A. J. Lazarus, Center for Space Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; Tel: +1-617-253-4284; E-mail: ajl@space.mit.edu; T. J. Fuller-Rowell, CIRES/NOAA Space Environment Center, NOAA R/E/SE, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA; Tel: +1-303-497-6959; Fax: +1-303-497-5764; E-mail: tjfr@sec.noaa.gov
SM05 Global Modeling of the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere Using Space-Based Images: Synthesis and Constraint (Joint with SA)
The past, present, and future availability of space-based imaging provides information about the Earth's upper atmosphere and magnetosphere on unprecedented spatial and temporal scales. Global modeling incorporates this information to fill in observational gaps of ground-based and discrete measurements and to synthesize understanding on truly global scales. At the same time, the availability of such extended data sets provides challenging constraints on global modeling efforts. This session explores this dual role of synthesis and constraint of space-based images on global models of the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and mesosphere-thermosphere. Papers which use space-based imaging to extend global modeling efforts, which review recent advances in global modeling based on space-based imagery, or which use such images to constrain or validate modeling efforts are appropriate and solicited.
Conveners: Glynn Germany, Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, S131 Technology Hall, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA; Tel: +1-256-890-5129; Fax: +1-256-890-6575; E-mail: germanyg@cspar.uah.edu; Dirk Lummerzheim, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 USA; Tel: +1-907-474-7564; Fax: +1-907-474-7290; E-mail: lumm@gi.alaska.edu
SM06 Connection Between Midtail and Near-Earth Substorm Processes
This session will explore the connection between substorm processes in the midtail and near-Earth tail. The focus will be on substorm trigger processes, and both observational and theoretical papers on related subjects will be solicited. Determining the role of the different regions of the magnetosphere for the substorm initiation is one of the outstanding issues of magnetospheric physics. Multisatellite observations during the ISTP era, global simulations, and coordinated ground- and space-based campaigns have shed new light on substorm-associated magnetotail dynamics. The proposed special session will provide an ideal opportunity for discussing the recent achievements of such approaches.
Conveners: Shin-ichi Ohtani, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723-6099 USA; Tel: +1-240-228-3641; Fax: +1-240-228-6670; E-mail: ohtani@jhuapl.edu; Mark Moldwin, Florida Institute of Technology, Department of Physics and Space Sciences, Melbourne FL 32901 USA; Tel: +1-407-674-7208; Fax: +1-407-674-7482; E-mail: moldwin@pss.fit.edu
SM07 The Solar Wind Interaction With the Magnetospheres of Earth, Jupiter, and Mercury: A Tribute to David Beard (Joint with SH)
David Beard contributed in a variety of areas to our understanding of the interactions of magnetospheres with the solar wind. In addition to his pioneering work to define the shape of the terrestrial magnetopause and develop a global, self-consistent model of the Earth's magnetosphere, he also worked on the Hermean and Jovian magnetospheres and the solar wind interaction with comets. This session will feature a limited number of invited papers on key aspects of this topic. These will be complemented by contributed papers reporting the latest observational and/or theoretical results in intercomparative magnetospheric modeling of magnetized obstacles in the solar wind.
Conveners: Michael K. Bird, Radioastronomisches Institut, Universitaet Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany; Tel: +49-228-733651; Fax: +49-228-733672; E-mail: mbird@astro.uni-bonn.de; Irene M. Engle, Physics Department, 572 Holloway Road, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA; Tel: +1-410-293-6662; Fax: +1-410-293-3729; E-mail: engle@arctic.nadn.navy.mil
Tectonophysics (T)
T01 Erosion of Active Mountain Belts: Constraints and Models (Joint with H and V)
Erosion in mountain belts and its importance to tectonic and exhumational processes have recently been addressed by a variety of new techniques. In particular, new dating techniques including cosmogenic isotope dating of exposed surfaces and U-TH/He dating of apatite are applicable in the low-temperature range important to characterizing surface processes. In addition, numerical models of landscape evolution linked to thermal and tectonic processes have seen significant new development and application. The objective of this session is to integrate new findings from the thermochronometer, cosmogenic isotope, and numerical modeling communities. Fundamental questions that this session will address include the following: (1) How are low-temperature thermochronometers and cosmogenic isotopes best linked to thermal and erosion models? (2) What are the controls on, and rates of erosion and exhumation? and (3) How does topography evolve in active tectonic regimes?
Conveners: Todd A. Ehlers, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, 135 S 1460 E, Room 719, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0111 USA; Tel: +1-801-581-3588; Fax: +1-801-581-7065; E-mail: taehlers@mines.utah.edu; Sean D. Willett, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; Tel: +1-206-543-8653; Fax: +1-206-543-3836; E-mail: swillett@u.washington.edu; Thure E. Cerling, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, 135 S 1460 E, Room 719, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0111 USA; Tel: +1-801-581-5558; Fax: +1-801-581-7065; E-mail: tcerling@mines.utah.edu.
T02 Thermal Structure of Tibetan and Himalayan Lithosphere: Implications for Geodynamic Models of the India-Asia Collision (Joint with G, S, and V)
As the youngest continent, Asia contains some of the Earth's most spectacular geological features, such as the Himalayan range and Tibetan Plateau. Seeing a continent in the act of assembly provides a rare opportunity to study the processes by which continents are constructed and internally modified. Of central importance to this study is understanding the relationships among shortening, extension, inverted metamorphism, erosion, and anatexis. A common point of departure for all these issues is the thermal structure and evolution of the continental lithosphere. Numerous models have been proposed to explain these features, yet no single hypothesis stands out as having withstood tests of its key predictions. The goal of this special session is to provide a forum in which the status of models for the thermal and mechanical evolution of the Tibetan and Himalayan lithosphere can be evaluated. We welcome contributions from both empirical and theoretical viewpoints, including thermobarometry, geochronology, isotopic tracing, structural mapping, satellite geodesy, sedimentology, magnetotelluric studies, seismic reflection profiling, and numerical modeling. Because of the highly topical nature of this problem and the large number of active research programs in the Himalaya and Tibet, we anticipate a positive national and international response to such a session.
Conveners: Mike A. Murphy, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 USA; Tel: +1-310-794-5385; Fax: +1-310-825-2779; E-mail: murphy@ess.ucla.edu; Elizabeth J. Catlos, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 USA; Tel: +1-310-206-2940; Fax: +1-310-825-2779; E-mail: catlos@argon.ess.ucla.edu.
T03 From Collision to Extension in Asia (Joint with G)
Eurasia is the youngest of Earth's continents, having been largely assembled within the past 300 million years. There is growing evidence that during and also after amalgamation of the present continental mass both contractional and extensional tectonic regimes have prevailed in the vicinity of convergent belts. As a consequence, thickening of the lithosphere, convective removal of lithospheric mantle, rapid uplift of mountain ranges, and the formation of basins of marginal seas may have developed simultaneously. The relative importance of extension, both during and after continental collisions, has been somewhat neglected, however. The aim of this special session is to bring together expertise from difference disciplines to further examine possible linkages between collision and lithospheric extension and to explore how contractional regimes might evolve into extensional regions in Eurasia.
Conveners: Martin Flower, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago (m/c 186), 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7059 USA; Tel: +1-312-996-9662; Fax: +1-312-413-2279; E-mail: flower@uic.edu; Ching-Hua Lo, Department of Geology, National Taiwan University, 245 Choushan Road, Taipei, Taiwan; Tel: +886-2-2363-5880; Fax: +886-2-2363-6095; E-mail: loch@ccms.ntu.edu.tw.
T04 Late Cenozoic Evolution of the Central Andes (Joint with G)
Situated along the convergent South America-Nazca plate boundary, the Andes are the most important active Cordilleran-type orogen. Along its strike, this mountain belt varies in width, height, structural/tectonic character, magmatism, and pre-Andean history. In addition, because of their meridional orientation and high elevations, the Andes impact atmospheric circulation. This produces contrasting climatic regimes in close proximity and drives coupled erosion and deposition . The central Andes embody all of these characteristics and represent an ideal natural laboratory for studying the relations and feedback mechanisms between endogenic and exogenic processes. We look forward to contributions from Earth scientists who are actively involved in interdisciplinary research in the central Andes.
Conveners: Randall Marrett, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1101 USA; Tel: +1-512-471-2113; Fax: +1-512-471-9425; E-mail: marrett@mail.utexas.edu; Manfred Strecker, Institut fuer Geowissenschaften, Universitaet Potsdam, Postfach 60 15 53, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany; Tel: +49-331-977-2289; Fax: +49-331-977-2087; E-mail: strecker@persius.rz.uni-potsdam.de.
T05 Tectonics of the Kamchatka Peninsula and Northern Pacific Basin: New Results (Joint with GP and S)
The geologic evolution and history of terranes within the Kamchatka Peninsula and adjacent areas are presented in this special AGU session. This session focuses on the evolution and accretion of various terranes that compose the Kamchatka region, Chukotka, and the Sea of Okhotsk. The proposed session also includes offshore work describing the evolution of Kamchatka, including the Kommandorsky, Okhotsk, and Aleutian basins and the Shirshov and Bowers Ridges. Recent advances in understanding the plate configuration, seismicity, and volcanism and the collision of the Emperor seamount chain are also included.
Conveners: William Harbert, 321 OEH, Department of Geology and Planetary Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA; Tel: +1-412-624-8874; Fax: +1-412-624-3914; E-mail: bill@earth.eps.pitt.edu; John I. Garver, Department of Geology, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308-2311 USA; Tel: +1-518-388-6517 or 518-388-6770 (main office); Fax: +1-518-388-6417; E-mail: garverj@idol.union.edu; Jonathan M. Lees, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109 USA; E-mail: lees@hess.geology.yale.edu; Christoph Gaedicke, Bundesanstalt fuer Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Referat B3.26, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany; Tel. +49-511-643-3790; E-mail: gaedicke@bgr.de
T06 Arctic Basin Geophysics: New Data, New Theories, and Future Opportunities (Joint with G and GP)
Our understanding of the Arctic Basin has been substantially advanced in recent years due to acquisition of new data from U.S. Navy submarines and aircraft and the release of classified data sets, from both the Russians and the U.S. Navy. SeaMARC type swath data and chirp sub-bottom profiler data, collected during the last two SCICEX cruises on U.S. Navy submarines, are the first routine imaging of the seafloor and sediment column across the entire deep Arctic Ocean. These data are the largest addition to the unclassified data base for the Arctic Ocean since the flurry of ice island activity in the 1960s and 1970s. These gravity, bathymetry, backscatter, chirp, and magnetics data form the basis for new, comprehensive maps of the Arctic Ocean and detailed study of the tectonic history and active processes in this poorly understood ocean basin, enabling the formulation of new questions and planning of future cruises to sample the seafloor. For this session, we would welcome talks on new data sets, data compilation projects, and new data analyses relevant to the development of the Arctic Ocean basin. This session will highlight the progress that has been made in data acquisition and processing, provide a context for discussion of new theories about Arctic Basin history, and support planning and coordination of future data acquisition and seafloor sampling.
Conveners: Bernard Coakley, Department of Geology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA; Tel: +1-504-862-3168; Fax: +1-504-865-5199; E-mail: bcoakle@mailhost.tcs.tulane.edu; Margo Edwards, HMRG/HIGP, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, 1680 East-West Road, POST Bldg 815, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA; Tel: +1-808-956-5232; Fax: +1-808-956-6530; E-mail: margo@soest.hawaii.edu; Rene Forsberg, National Survey and Cadastre (KMS), Geodynamics Department, Rentemestervj 8, DK-2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark; Tel: +45-3587-5319; Fax: +45-3587-5052; E-mail: rf@kms.dk; Lawrence A. Lawver, University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Geophysics, 4412 Spicewood Springs Road, Suite 600, Austin, TX 78759 USA; Tel: +1-512-471-0433; Fax: +1-512-471-8844; E-mail: lawver@ig.utexas.edu.
T07 Heat Flow and the Thermal Evolution of Oceanic Lithosphere: A Session Honoring Richard P. Von Herzen
Measurements of marine heat flow provide a primary constraint on the thermal evolution of the oceanic lithosphere. The session honors Dick von Herzen's many contributions to understanding the heat flow of the sea-floor and its implications for plate tectonics. Von Herzen's many heat flow studies at the ridge crests and young oceanic crust have shown the importance of hydrothermal circulation through the sea-floor. His measurements of heat flow at mid-ocean swells, including those at Hawaii, are crucial to efforts to understand how mantle plumes work. In addition, he has been one of the leaders in developing the instrumentation to measure heat flow. This session will bring together scientists who are interested in thermal state and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere. We encourage papers highlighting the new advances, challenges, and opportunities in heat flow studies of world's ocean basins and their geodynamic implications.
Conveners: Carol A. Stein, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (m/c 186), University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7059 USA; Tel: +1-312-996-9349; Fax: +1-312-413-2279; E-mail: cstein@uic.edu (On sabbatical this year. For somewhat faster contact use Department of Geological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201; Tel: +1-847-491-5265; Fax: +1-847-491-8060; E-mail: carol@earth.nwu.edu); Jian Lin, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1541 USA; Tel: +1-508-289-2576; Fax: +1-508-457-2150; E-mail: jlin@whoi.edu; Seiya Uyeda, RIKEN International Frontier Program on Earthquake Research at Earthquake Prediction Research Center, Tokai University, 3-20-1, Orido, Shimizu, 424, Japan; Tel: +81-0543-36-0591; Fax: + 81-0543-36-0920; E-mail: suyeda@st.rim.or.jp.
T08 Mid-Atlantic Ridge Versus Indian Ridge Characterization: Comparison of the Slow Spreading Ridges by Submersible Dives, Surface Ship Operation, and ODP Drilling (Joint with V)
This special session deals with recent investigations of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Indian Ocean Ridges by submersible, surface-ship, and ROV during the JAMSTEC-sponsored MODE 98 program. This international field program consisted of four related cruises of the RV Yokosuka to investigate the petrology, tectonics, and hydrothermal activity of ocean ridges at ultra-slow to intermediate spreading rates. The sites investigated included the 15ƒ 020' fracture zone, the TAG and Rainbow hydrothermal sites, and Dante's Dome Megamullion on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In addition, the investigation included ridge-transform intersection of the Atlantis II Fracture Zone and the Atlantis Bank Megamullion on the SW Indian Ridge, as well as a submersible investigation of and search for hydrothermal sites on the Central Indian Ridge. This program, combined with other recent ODP drilling and site surveys on the MAR and SW Indian Ridges, provides a basis for a better understanding of the morphology, geophysics, biology, and geochemistry of ultra-slow to intermediate rate spreading ridges which will be the subject of this special session.
Conveners: Hiromi Fujimoto, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 1-15-1, Minamidai, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan; E-mail: fujimoto@ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Kantaro Fujioka, Frontier Research Program for the Deep Sea Environment, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, JAMSTEC, 2-15, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061 Japan; E-mail: fujiokak@jamstec.go.jp; Peter Kelemen, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; E-mail: pkelemen@whoi.edu; Henry Dick, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; E-mail: hdick@whoi.edu
T09 Internal Structure and Composition of Fast Spreading Crust Exposed at the Hess Deep Rift (POSTER ONLY) (Joint with S and V)
The internal structure and composition of fast spreading oceanic crust is inferred from observations along spreading centers like the East Pacific Rise, interpretations of marine seismic data, and ophiolite analogs. Unlike the crustal cross sections commonly exposed along the walls of rift valleys and fracture zones in slow spreading crust, exposures of rock units that formed beneath surficial basaltic volcanic rocks are rare in fast spreading crust. The Hess Deep Rift in the equatorial Pacific Ocean is one of the few tectonic windows into the crust and upper mantle formed beneath a fast spreading ridge. Recent investigations along this natural crustal cross section provide evidence of magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes attending seafloor spreading. This session will highlight the results to date from investigations in this area and how they relate to current views of seafloor spreading along the East Pacific Rise.
Conveners: Jeffrey A. Karson, Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Box 90230, 103 Old Chemistry Bldg., Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0230 USA; Tel: +1-919-684-2731; Fax: +1-919-684-5833; E-mail: jkarson@eos.duke.edu; Kathryn Gillis, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, PO Box 3055, 3800 Finnerty Road, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6; Tel: +1-250-472-4023; Fax: +1-250-721-6200; E-mail: kgillis@uvic.ca
T10 Thermochemical Convection in the Solid Earth and Terrestrial Planets: From Modeling to Applications (Joint with P, S, and V)
The dynamics of the Earth and Earth-like planets are driven primarily by thermal and chemical buoyancy forces. A good understanding of the role of chemical buoyancy and its interaction with thermal buoyancy is important for a wide range of geodynamic issues, such as the dynamics of the "D" layer, subduction of basaltic crust and the basalt-eclogite transition, continental dynamics, the stability of deep continental roots, the support of topographic highs, chemical evolution of the Earth and terrestrial planets, core dynamics, salt diapirism, ice diapirism on Europa, and magma chamber dynamics. Relative to thermal convection, our understanding of thermochemical convection, as it relates to problems of solid Earth geophysics, is still rapidly developing. From a modeling standpoint, such problems are inherently difficult due to the large difference in effective diffusivity between the thermal and chemical contributions. This challenge makes innovative modeling methods together with good data-based constraints all the more key to the range of issues noted above. In this session we wish to address modeling approaches and applications of thermochemical convection in the broadest sense. We encourage all contributions that relate to issues of thermochemical convection. We particularly encourage abstracts that focus on technological innovations in laboratory and numerical modeling studies and/or the application of modeling methods to specific solid Earth problems. We also encourage abstracts that can provide data constraints for geophysical and/or geochemical issues involving thermochemical convection.
Conveners: Peter van Keken, Department of Geological Sciences, 2534 CC Little Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; Tel: +1-734-764-1497; Fax: +1-734-763-4690; E-mail: keken@umich.edu; Adrian Lenardic, Department of Geology and Geophysics, MS-126, Rice University, PO Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251-1892 USA; Tel: +1-713-527-4880; Fax: +1-713-285-5214; E-mail: adrian@geophysics.rice.edu; Louis Moresi, Australian Geodynamics Cooperative Research Centre, CSIRO Exploration and Mining, PO Box 437, 39 Fairway, Nedlands, 6009 Western Australia, Australia; E-mail: louis@ned.dem.csiro.au .
T11 Characterization of Small-Scale Crustal Heterogeneity (Joint with S and V)
Small-scale crustal heterogeneity is a critical factor in the interpretation of reflectivity patterns and randomness in scattered seismic data. In the given context, "small-scale" is defined as lying below the deterministic resolution of seismic data and hence being amenable to stochastic rather than deterministic characterizations. The primary sources proposed for small-scale crustal seismic heterogeneity are structural, petrological, and petrophysical in nature. To date, a large variety of stochastic models of crustal seismic heterogeneity have been derived from geological and petrophysical observations of deep crustal exposures, from geophysical borehole data, and from analyses of scattered seismic waves. Given the differing approaches and scales of observation, it is not surprising that the results from the various methods show considerablevariation and often are incompatible. The primary goal of this session is to provide a synoptic perspective of stochastic models of crustal seismic heterogeneity derived from the various methods available and to determine whether and to what extent common ground can be established. Is it possible to create a global reference model of small-scale crustal heterogeneity? We also seek to improve our understanding of the processes causing seismically detected small-scale heterogeneity and to explore the petrological, petrophysical, and tectonic implications of the heterogeneity patterns that exist in the crust. We solicit contributions relating recent research into any of these topics.
Conveners: John A. Goff, University of Texas, Institute for Geophysics, 4412 Spicewood Springs Road, Bldg. 600, Austin, TX 78759 USA; Tel: +1-512-471-0476; Fax: +1-512-471-0999; E-mail: goff@utig.ig.utexas.edu; Klaus Holliger, Institute of Geophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Hoenggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Tel: +41-1-633-2659; Fax: +41-1-633-1065; E-mail: holliger@geo.phys.ethz.ch
T12 General Earthquake Models (Joint with G and S)
General earthquake models (GEM) represent an emerging new field of geophysical research focused on the behavior of fault systems. It is enabled by the fusion of new ideas about the physics of earthquakes and complex high-dimensional, multiscale nonlinear systems; modern computational hardware, software, and algorithms; evolving information technology and digital communications infrastructure; and the rapidly growing quantity and quality of new data types, originating from GPS and broadband seismic networks, as well as interferometric SAR. For this session, papers are solicited that examine problems and scientific questions related to understanding earthquakes through the synthesis of models, computation, and data. We anticipate papers that address theory, results, and algorithms for computational models of the earthquake source, on both isolated faults and fault systems; computational methods based upon new paradigms of web object systems and fast computational algorithms; and model calibration and validation issues that can be resolved through the innovative use of modern geophysical data.
Conveners: Andrea Donnellan, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mail Stop 238-600, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; Tel: +1-818-354-4737; E-mail: andrea@cobra.jpl.nasa.gov; John Rundle, Colorado Center for Chaos and Complexity, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; Tel: +1-303-492-5642; Fax: +1-303-492-5070; E-mail: rundle@cires.colorado.edu; J. Bernard Minster, Scripps Institution of Oceanography/IGPP, UCSD, La Jolla CA, 92093-0225 USA; Tel: +1-619-534-5650; Fax: +1-619-534-2902; E-mail: jbminster@ucsd.edu
T13 Stress Triggering, Fault Friction, and Fault Properties: Where Do We Stand? (Joint with S)
Many investigators have found that patterns of stress change generated by large earthquakes appear to correlate with changes in subsequent regional seismicity. Researchers are studying how well and over what temporal and spatial scales these patterns match, and what magnitude of stress change is required for observable effects on seismicity. Several different mechanisms have been proposed to drive stress triggering, including simple Coulomb models of failure, more complex rate-and-state-dependent friction, and dynamic stress changes; each gives a different estimate of the properties of active faults and rupture along them. Seismicity triggered by such stress changes can also give valuable constraints on models of tectonic loading and the regional stress field. Finally, it is not yet clear whether or not stress changes affect the dimensions of future rupture on nearby faults, which if true could have significant effects on seismic hazard estimation. We welcome papers on all aspects of stress triggering as illustrated by, but not limited to, the topics described above.
Conveners: Greg Anderson, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225 USA; Tel: +1-619-822-1614; Fax: +1-619-534-5332; E-mail: anderson@python.ucsd.edu; Susanna Gross, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Campus Box 216, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0311 USA; Tel: +1-303-492-1039; Fax: +1-303-492-1149; E-mail: sjg@quake.colorado.edu
T14 Volcanic and Tectonic Interaction (Joint with G, S, and V)
The stress state of a volcano and its likelihood of eruption must be considered within its regional structural and tectonic setting. Recent studies have suggested that earthquake-induced stress changes and seismic waves may trigger volcanic eruptions. Conversely, volcanic eruptions may
promote earthquakes on suitably aligned faults within and outside of the volcanic edifice, while magmatic intrusions may actually suppress earthquakes on some faults. This session explores the links between tectonic and volcanic processes, such as the interplay between regional stresses, magma pressure and emplacement, and volcanic edifice deformation. New observations from ground deformation monitoring studies (e.g., radar interferometry and GPS) and seismic studies help constrain the nature of volcanic deformation and may lend particular insight into this discussion. We are particularly interested in talks dealing with tectonic controls on volcanic activity, and vice versa. We also welcome talks that address volcano tectonic processes such as how faults accommodate volcanic spreading and how magma intrusions may promote flank instabilities and failure. Contributions dealing with observations, experiments, and theory are encouraged.
Conveners: Elissa Koenig, Department of Geology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404 USA; Tel: +1-480-727-6664; Fax: +1-480-965-8102; E-mail: koenig@asu.edu; Susan E. Owen, Earth Sciences Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA; E-mail: owen@terra.usc.edu
T15 Dynamic Fracturing of Rocks and Rock-Like Materials (Joint with S)
Rock fracturing in the crust is frequently unstable, displaying fast growth velocities during earthquakes, impacts, and rock bursts. This session is devoted to descriptions and analyses of unstable, dynamic fracturing of rocks and other brittle materials. Participants are encouraged to present works on dynamic processes associated with tensile fracturing (joints and dikes) and shear fracturing (faults and shear zones). Advances in this subject could provide tools for deducing growth velocity from properties of faults and joints in the field and would lead to a better understanding of the mechanics of dynamic fracturing. Presentations of field, experimental, and modeling results are welcomed.
Conveners: Ze'ev Reches, Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Tel:+972-2-658-4669; Fax: +972-2-566-2581; E-mail: reches@earth.es.huji.ac.il; Yehuda Ben-Zion, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740 USA; Tel: +1-213-740-6734; Fax: +1-213-740-8801; E-mail: benzion@terra.usc.edu
T16 Relative Timescales of Deformation and Mineral Reactions (Joint with V)
Recent studies have highlighted important interactions between deformation and mineral reactions. This interdisciplinary session will explore links between the time-scales of these processes, with consequences for global- and regional-scale tectonic processes in the crust and mantle. Experimental, field, and theoretical studies from the fields of rock deformation, mineral physics, petrology, and geochronology are welcomed.
Conveners: Jed Leigh Mosenfelder, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universitaet Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany; Tel. +49-921-553712; Fax: +49-921-553769, E-mail: jed.mosenfelder@uni-bayreuth.de; Bradley R. Hacker, Department of Geological Sciences and Institute for Crustal Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9630 USA; Tel. +1-805-893-7952; Fax: +1-805-893-2314, E-mail: hacker@magic.geol.ucsb.edu
T17 Nonuniform Compaction of Porous Rock: Field and Laboratory Evidence, Theory, and Applications
There has been recent interest concerning inhomogeneous volume reduction of high-porosity, granular rocks leading to tabular features called compaction bands. Natural compaction bands have been described, as well as some related structures from experiments on laboratory-scale models and triaxially deformed rock cylinders. For example, it has been observed that laboratory borehole drilling under high-stress conditions in sandstone of greater than 20% porosity often induces fracture-like breakouts. Counterintuitively, these fractures are orthogonal to the major far-field principal stress. The high compressive stress concentration ahead of the tips of these breakouts appears to induce a compaction zone, which debonds the grains and facilitates their continuous removal by the circulating drilling mud. This phenomenon could be a source of sand production in oil fields. Compaction bands are also potentially very important with regard to permeability in porous rock. Though some work has been done on the theoretical and experimental aspects of the origin of compaction bands, there are many outstanding questions concerning the necessary conditions for their formation and distribution in reservoir type rock. This is an opportune time to bring together investigators to share their results and ideas on these little-understood rock structures.
Conveners: William A. Olsson, Geomechanics Department, Sandia National Laboratories, MS 0751, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185-0751 USA; Tel: +1-505-844-7344; Fax: +1-505- 844-7354; E-mail: waolsso@sandia.gov; Bezalel C. Haimson, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Geological Engineering Program, University of Wisconsin, 1509 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706 USA; Tel: +1-608-262-2563; Fax: +1-608-262-8353; E-mail: bhaimson@facstaff.wisc.edu
Volcanology, Geochemistry,Petrology (V)
V01 Geologic Controls on and Modeling Hazards From Stratovolcano Collapse
Collapse of Mount St. Helen's north flank in 1980 impelled volcanologists to better understand relations between edifice instability and hazards. Significantly, hazards from stratovolcano instability can occur with or without an accompanying eruption and include lateral blast, dome or edifice collapse, debris avalanche, and debris flow events. Because of the potential for collapse to occur without an eruption, effective mitigation requires that the geologic controls on edifice instability be determined prior to the onset of collapse. Results from field and remote mapping; geotechnical, geochemical, and geophysical surveys; and modeling studies that include GIS, geotechnical, failure mechanism, and/or dynamic flow analysis yield insight into stratovolcano genesis, including location and volume estimates for potential large-scale edifice collapse events, and provide important constraints on associated risks.
Conveners: David R. Zimbelman, G.O.Logic, PO Box 1878, White Salmon, WA 98672-1878 USA; Tel +1-509-493-9269; E-mail: hazard@gorge.net; Michael F. Sheridan, Department of Geology, 876 Natural Science Complex, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA; Tel +1-716-645-6800 ext. 6100; Fax: +1-716-645-3999; E-mail: mfs@geology.buffalo.edu
V02 Symposium on Modeling of Volcanic Transport Processes
Volcanic processes consist of mass, momentum, and energy transport associated with magma segregation and ascent through the lithosphere; magma storage, differentiation, and stability of underground storage reservoirs; magma ascent toward the surface and interaction with its surroundings that may involve water stored in underground aquifers; thermomechanical characteristics of volcanic systems; and transport of pyroclastic products in the atmosphere and along the slopes of volcanoes. All of these processes are complicated to describe in terms of physical and chemical laws because of complex material behavior involving many components and several phases subjected to varying temperature and pressure conditions. The purpose of this symposium is to provide a forum for critical discussions pertaining to the modeling of volcanic processes with realistic physical and chemical models and laboratory experiments.
Conveners: Flavio Dobran, Global Volcanic and Environmental Systems Simulation (GVES), Naples, Italy; Correspondence: 32-50, 34st, Long Island City, NY 11106 USA; Tel/Fax: +1-178-278- 3813; E-mail: dobran@idt.net
V03 InSAR Imaging of Active Magmatic Processes (Joint with G)
InSAR (interferometric synthetic aperture radar) uses repeated satellite radar backscatter mappings to image surface displacement to ~10-mm precision over 100 km x 100 km scenes, providing unique constraints on the geometry and location of magmatic sources of deformation at depth in the crust. Work by groups in many parts of the world is opening new windows in our understanding of magmatism. During the past several years, dozens of magmatic systems have been imaged worldwide, and more are being added to this inventory all the time. Contributions are solicited that focus on InSAR usage as a tool for understanding the processes leading to magma emplacement in the crust and the kinematics and dynamics of its upward migration to the surface.
Conveners: Wayne Thatcher, U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 977, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA, Tel: +1-650-329-4810; Fax: +1-650-329-5163; E-mail: thatcher@usgs.gov; Mark Simons, Seismological Laboratory, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, 252-21 Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA, Tel: +1-626-395-6984; Fax: +1-626-564-0715; E-mail: simons@caltech.edu; Freysteinn Sigmundsson, Nordic Volcanological Institute, University of Iceland, Grensasvegur 50, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland; Tel: +354-525-4491; Fax: +354-562-9767; E-mail: fs@norvol.hi.is; Makoto Murakami, Geographical Survey Institute of Japan, Crustal Dynamics Laboratory, Geographical Survey Institute, 1 Kitasato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0811 Japan; Fax: +81-298-64-2655, E-mail: mccopy@gsi-mc.go.jp
V04 Geophysical and Geological Analysis of Geothermal Fields (Joint with G, GP, S, and T)
Geothermal fields provide an excellent laboratory for investigating the relationships between fluids and earth materials at elevated temperatures. Considerable recent advances in geophysics, geochemistry, petrology, and geochronology have allowed a better understanding of how geothermal fields and their associated magmatic systems develop and evolve, but much of this new insight remains within various subdisciplines of geology and geophysics. We will examine the geophysics and geology of geothermal fields in an effort to bring together cross-disciplinary views of geothermal systems and their evolution in space and time. Analyses presented will include earthquake and active source seismics, stress analysis, igneous petrology, geochemistry, geodesy, gravity, structural geology, electromagnetics, and borehole geophysics in high-temperature regimes.
Conveners: Joydeep Bhattacharyya, L-206, T1456 Rm 1065, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550 USA; E-mail: joydeep@hess.geology.yale.edu; Jonathan S. Miller, Department of Geology, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0102 USA; Tel: +1-408-924-5015; Fax: +1-408-924-5053; E-mail: jmiller@email.sjsu.edu
V05 Magmatic, Hydrothermal, and Tectonic Processes of the Kermadec Subduction and Arc - Havre Trough Back-Arc System (Joint with S and T)
The Kermadec subduction system and Havre Trough form an archetypal example of an active, partially subaerial, volcanic arc and associated immature, rifting back-arc complex. With contiguous extensions to Lau Basin-Tonga and New Zealand, it provides an extended longitudinal transect from which to document magmatic, hydrothermal, and tectonic processes along a continuum from oceanic spreading to continental rifting. New and substantial data sets acquired since 1996 at selected sectors of the Kermadec-Tonga-Havre-Lau system have enabled advances to be made in understanding these processes within this tectonic setting. This session will provide a forum to present syntheses of new and existing data and to address the topics of (1) magmatic and isotopic heterogeneity along and across the arc, (2) the mode, including physical and chemical characterization, of submarine hydrothermal systems, (3) mineralization associated with hydrothermal venting, (4) styles of rifting along the back-arc, and (5) the tectonic and magmatic consequence of anomalous terranes colliding with the subduction margin. We invite papers in petrology and geochemistry, hydrothermal venting and seafloor mineralization, tectonics, subduction geodynamics and seismology, and related areas.
Conveners: Ian Wright, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand; Tel: + 64-4-386-0300, Fax: + 64-4-386-2153, E-mail: i.wright@niwa.cri.nz; Gary Massoth, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (IGNS), Lower Hutt, New Zealand; Tel: +64-4-570-1444; Fax: +64-4-570-4657; E-mail: g.massoth@gns.cri.nz; Etienne Ruellan, CNRS- Geosciences Azur, 250 Rue A. Einstein, Sophia Antpolis, 06560 Valbonne, France; Tel: +33-4-9294-2644; Fax: +33-4-9294-2610; E-mail: ruellan@faille.unice.fr; Peter Herzig, Institute of Mineralogy , TU Bergakademiw Freiberg, Brennhausgasse 14, 09596 Freiberg, Germany; Tel: +49-3731-392662; Fax: +49-3731-392610; E-mail: herzig@mineral.tu-freiberg.de
V06 Volcanic, Tectonic, and Hydrothermal Activity Along the Southern East Pacific Rise (Joint with OS and T)
This session focuses on recent investigations of the southern East Pacific Rise, from the equator to 32 south. The very highest spreading rates are found along this part of the global mid-ocean ridge system, and for that reason the volcanic and hydrothermal systems in this region are of particular interest. Presentations in this session will include the exploration of new hydrothermal systems, time-series studies of known sites, and results of long-term monitoring using seafloor instruments.
Conveners: John E. Lupton, NOAA/PMEL, Newport, OR 97365 USA; Tel: +1-503-867-0198; Fax: +1-503-867-3907; E-mail: lupton@pmel.noaa.gov; Jun-ichiro Ishibashi, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan; Tel: +81-92-642-2664; E-mail: ishi@geo.kyushu-u.ac.jp
V07 Phase Relations and Element Partitioning on the Mantle Solidus (Joint with T)
The last 5 years have seen numerous experimental studies and theoretical models of the phase relations near the mantle solidus. These studies, combined with trace element partition studies at high pressures and temperatures, have allowed us to further constrain mantle melting. There are, however, several questions outstanding: Where is the garnet-spinel transition?; What is depth of initiation of melting beneath mid-ocean ridges?; What is the compositional dependence of partition coefficients, and to what extent does this comprise existing models?; What is the influence of water on spinel garnet transition and trace element and trace element partitioning?; Is diffusion slow enough to allow major and trace element equilibration during ascent?; What is the composition of the clinopyroxene on the mantle solidus as a function of pressure?; What is
the location of the mantle solidus at pressures in excess of 3 GPa?; Are theory and experiments in agreement with one other?; What is the effect of peridotite composition on the phase relations and melt production? This special session will present the latest studies in these areas. In addition, this session will review the different points of view on some of the questions posed above. The principal objective is a stimulating multidisciplinary discussion of the above topics.
Conveners: Conveners: Jon Blundy, Earth Sciences Department, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, England, UK; Tel: +44-117-954-5447; E-mail: jon.blundy@bris.ac.uk; Vincent Salters, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4005 USA; Tel: +1-850-644-1934; +1-850-644-1116 (secretary); Fax: +1-850-644-0827; E-mail: salters@magnet.fsu.edu.
V08 Origins of Continental Alkaline Magmatism
From kimberlites to granite plutons, the ultimate origins of alkaline and lamprophyric magmatism on the continents remain poorly understood. Possible mechanisms range from incipient rifting to mantle plumes to reactivation of ancient transform faults. Recently, new constraints have become available from the application of "nontraditional" isotope systems (e.g., Re-Os, Lu-Hf, and U series disequilibria) and a better understanding of the role of volatiles and liquid immiscibility, as well as a dramatic increase in the number of radiometric dating studies. We invite presentations exploring the origin of continental alkaline magmatism (including lamprophyres, kimberlites/lamproites, carbonatites and differentiated rocks of granitic or syenitic affinity), particularly focusing on tectonic/geochronological and geochemical source constraints on models of alkaline magmagenesis.
Conveners: Philip E. Janney, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institute of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA; Tel: +1-202-686-4370 ext. 4393; E-mail: pjanney@dtm.ciw.edu; Phillip D. Ihinger, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109 USA; Tel: +1-203-432-3132; E-mail: phillip.ihinger@yale.edu
V09 The Geochemical Earth Reference Model (Joint with OS)
The Geochemical Earth Reference Model (http://www-ep.es.llnl.gov/germ) special session solicits papers that help us understand the Earth as a complex, dynamic chemical system. How do the major chemical Earth reservoirs (core, mantle, crust, ocean, atmosphere) interact? By what processes and over what time-scales are fluxes between these reservoirs mediated, and how have these fluxes affected Earth evolution through time? The sessions will reach across Earth science disciplines, including, but not limited to, low- and high-temperature geochemistry, biogeochemistry, geochemical evolution, petrology, experimental and theoretical Earth sciences, as well as geophysics. We hope to attract papers that improve our understanding of processes, geochemical inventories, and fluxes on a range of time-scales. This session will be coordinated with a Union session on integrated physical and chemical models of the deep Earth.
Conveners: Hubert Staudigel, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, San Diego, CA 92093-0225 USA; Tel: +1-619-534-8764; Fax: +1-619-534- 8090; E-mail: hstaudigel@ucsd.edu; Louis A. Derry, Cornell University, Departmentof Geological Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14853-1504 USA; Tel: +1-607-255-9354; Fax: +1-607-254-4780; E-mail: derry@geology.geo.cornell.edu
V10 Radionuclide Geochemistry (Joint with EP and H)
Historic production of nuclear weapons in the DOE complex has contaminated numerous sites with radioactive materials and generated diverse civilian uses of radionuclides. Yucca Mountain, the proposed high-level nuclear waste repository for the United States, and the opening of WIPP as the repository for Transuranic waste in March 1999 continue to draw attention to the scientific issues surrounding long-term disposal, behavior, and fate of radionuclides. In parallel with anthropogenic radionuclide investigations, extensive research and applications have been pursued using naturally occurring radionuclides. Therefore this session will explore radionuclide geochemistry in the broadest possible sense. We invite experimental, field, theoretical, and modeling studies, particularly those that are interdisciplinary in nature, to investigate a broad range of subjects in radionuclide geochemistry. Topics of interest are as diverse as reaction processes that control radionuclide transport and distribution, the chemical and mineralogical form of radionuclides in the geochemical environment, phase equilibria of radionuclides in geologically relevant materials, the aqueous geochemistry of rare earth elements as analogues for actinides, and the environmental science of alternate forms of nuclear fuels.
Conveners: John P. Kaszuba, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CST-7, Mail Stop J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA; Tel: +1-505-665-7832; Fax: +1-505-665-4955; E-mail: jkaszuba@lanl.gov; David R. Janecky, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CST-7, Mail Stop J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA; Tel: +1-505-665-0253; Fax: +1-505-665-4955; E-mail: janecky@lanl.gov
V11 Applications and Methods of U-Th/He Dating: Taking Stock (Joint with T)
Over the past several years, there has been resurgent interest in U-Th/He geochronology, perhaps the most venerable of isotopic dating methods. This system's performance in light of our current understanding of diffusion systematics suggests that helium dating of U- and Th-bearing accessory minerals can provide a suite of low-temperature thermochronometers with great potential for a variety of applications, some of which, like geomorphological evolution, have only been marginally addressable with geochronological methods until this point. Given the great interest in this method and the fast-breaking pace of developments, this session will provide the opportunity to review initial results from applied studies, progress in analytical techniques, developments in interpretational models, and key areas for future research.
Conveners: Peter Zeitler, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem PA 18015 USA; Tel: +1-610-758-3671; Fax: +1-610-758-3677; E-mail: pkz0@lehigh.edu; Ken Farley, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, MS 100-23, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; E-mail: farley@gps.caltech.edu; Peter Reiners, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, MS 100-23, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; Tel: +1-626-395-6177; after 8/1: Department of Geology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA; Tel: +1- 509-335-3009; E-mail: reiners@gps.caltech.edu
V12 G.V. Gibbs Symposium
Jerry Gibbs has been called "the Linus Pauling of Mineralogy." His contributions, and the resulting awards, medals, and honors, are many. He is clearly one of the most influential mineralogists, crystal chemists, and quantum modelers of his day. He has had a profound impact on our understanding of the chemical bond. One is just as likely to see his ideas reported in a basic mineralogy textbook as in a leading technical journal. This symposium will honor Professor Gibbs on the occasion of his formal retirement from Virginia Tech. The symposium will circle around the core of his mineralogical, crystal chemical, and crystallographic research over the decades. We invite contributions which cover the range of these and related topics in the Earth and materials sciences, including but not limited to, quantum-based mineralogy and crystal chemistry, structure solution and prediction, the mineralogy and properties of the Earth's mantle and core, mathematical crystallography, and the novel properties of minerals.
Conveners: Michael F. Hochella Jr., Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420 USA; Tel: +1-540-231-6227; Fax: +1-540-231-3386; E-mail: hochella@vt.edu; Monte B. Boisen, Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0420 USA; Fax: +1-540-231-5960; E-mail: boisen@math.vt.edu
