1999 Spring Meeting Special Session Descriptions

UNION Section
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Section
GEODESY Section
GEOMAGNETISM AND PALEOMAGNETISM Section
HYDROLOGY Section
OCEAN SCIENCES Section
PLANETARY SCIENCES Section
SEISMOLOGY Section
SPACE PHYSICS AND AERONOMY Section
     SPA - AERONOMY Subsection
     SPA - HELIOSPHERIC PHYSICS Subsection
     SPA - MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS Subsection
TECTONOPHYSICS Section
VOLCANOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND PETROLOGY Section

U01   Yucca Mountain: The Future High-Level Nuclear Waste Repository?
Two recent events, the congressional legislation on the interim storage of spent nuclear fuel and the soon-to-be-released Viability Assessment of Yucca Mountain, the country's proposed high level nuclear waste repository, have again brought the disposition of high level nuclear waste into the spotlight. According to an external evaluation of the Department of Energy's Viability Assessment, a number of significant scientific issues that bear on the ability of the Yucca Mountain repository to retain nuclear waste are not yet resolved. Most of these unresolved issues are geological in nature, though few academic geoscientists have brought their knowledge to bear on the repository. This session at the AGU Spring 1999 meeting will focus on some of the major geoscientific issues that remain to be resolved at Yucca Mountain. In particular, the focus will be on (1) hydrological issues, including both the transport of water through the repository and the transport of radionuclides from the repository to the surface; (2) geophysical issues, including predictions of future seismic and volcanic activity at the site; (3) general structural geology issues, including predictions of how fracturing will affect the repository materials; and (4) science and policy issues, such as those integral to the interim storage of spent fuel. This session will emphasize the importance of geological data and understanding to these issues and hopefully will inspire practicing scientists to consider including in their own work the important research questions asked here.

Conveners: Allison Macfarlane, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard Univeristy, 79 JFK Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; Tel: +1-617-496-0518; E-mail: Allison_Macfarlane@harvard.edu

U02   Student and Scientist Partnerships: Programs and Methods of Involving Precollege Students in Earth System Science Research
The National Science Education Standards for K-12 education call for an increased involvement of students in inquiry based study as a way to enhance their understanding of the scientific concepts required by the curricula and to improve their abilities in critical thinking. Students can be involved in various levels of inquiry based study, ranging from the teacher led activity, to a rediscovery research project, to original discovery research. However, the challenges of involving precollege students in research are different from those involving undergraduate and graduate students at universities. Papers are invited but not limited to those which describe Earth systems research projects with significant participation of precollege students, either original research or rediscovery research, and explore methods of involving precollege students in original research.

Conveners: Tamara S. Ledley, TERC 2067 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02140; Tel: +1-617-873-9658; E-mail: Tamara_Ledley@terc.edu

U03   Integrated Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Variability and Change
The 1997-98 warm ENSO episode marked a fundamental change in the interaction between climate scientists and the public. ENSO forecasts were widely perceived to be successful both in their accuracy and in their efficacy in mitigating the effects of ENSO. This session solicits contributions from scientists who are examining the impacts of ENSO and other modes of climate variability and change, especially the impacts on and opportunities for managing natural or climate- dependent resources such as water, forests, and agriculture. We are especially interested in papers that address how climate forecasts are being used by decision-makers. Of particular interest are contributions relating to extreme and low probability events, non-linearities, thresholds, opportunities, and other indications that would stretch or expand resilience.

Conveners: Philip Mote, JISAO Climate Impacts Group, Box 354235, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195 USA; Tel: +1-206-616-5346; Fax: +1-206-616-5775; E-mail: philip@atmos.washington.edu; and Roger Bales, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, PO Box 210011, University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721-0011 USA; Tel: +1-520-621-7113; Fax: +1-520-621-1422; E-mail: roger@hwr.arizona.edu

U04   Earth's Deep Interior and Surface Observations: How Are They Linked and What Can We Learn?
The complex thermo-chemical processes occurring deep in the Earth's interior are intimately linked to surface observables such as gravitational and magnetic fields, composition of erupted magmas, and seismic waves, and to all large scale geological processes occurring at the surface, including global tectonics. The aim of this session is to explore these links, bringing together an interdisciplinary group of scientists with a common interest in bridging the gap between what is observed at the surface or near the surface (i.e., in the crust/lithosphere), and what is occurring in the deep interior, including mantle and core. This theme follows logically from the Gordon Conference on Earth's Interior held in July 1998. Abstracts are encouraged which explore how servations from geochemistry, gravity, geology (e.g., plate reconstructions), tectonics, seismology either constrain or are caused by structure , physical properties or dynamics of the deep interior. Also encouraged are abstracts detailing theoretical or experimental constraints on the physical properties, rheology, or petrology of relevant materials.

Conveners: Paul J. Tackley, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, UCLA, Tel: +1-310-206-9180, Fax: +1-310-925-2779, E-mail: ptackley@ess.ucla.edu; Richard J. O'Connell, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Tel: +1-617-495-2532, Fax: +1-617-495-8839, E-mail: oconnell@geophysics.harvard.edu

U05   Contaminated Groundwater and Litigation: Lessons From the Woburn Case
The book A Civil Action by Jonathan Harr introduces the public to the interface of our legal system and hydrogeology by documenting a toxic tort case involving ground water contamination at a site in Woburn, Massachusetts. The case involved timing and impacts of chlorinated solvents to two drinking water wells, the distribution of that water, and possible health effects. The site is complex owing to subsurface heterogeneities, surface water - ground water interactions, and a river valley with a long history of multiple industries. These circumstances are common to many litigation cases involving ground water contamination. Because of the scope of these issues and the policy implications, the AGU Committee on Public Affairs is organizing a half-day session that will focus on the union of (1) geological science and the legal system, (2) geological science and health effects, and (3) geological science and public participation. The Woburn toxic tort will be used as a backdrop to illustrate the role and interaction of geological science with public policy in these areas.

Conveners: Jim Mercer, HSI GeoTrans, Inc., 46050 Manekin Plaza, Suite 100, Sterling, VA 20166, USA, Tel: +1-703-444-7000, Fax: +1-703-444-1685, E-mail: jim@hsigeotrans.com; and Margo Kingston, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 954, Reston, VA 20192, USA, Tel: +1-703-648-6369, Fax: +1-703-648-6684, E-mail: mkingsto@usgs.gov

U06   Saving Our Coasts
With sea-level rise averaging about one foot per century, much of the east coast is losing beach at the rate of approximately 3 feet per year. The predicted increase in the rate of sea-level rise and continuation of coastal development places our beaches in peril. In an attempt to develop new options for the coasts, this session will review communities' responses to shoreline erosion and predictions for increases in sea-level, the effectiveness of engineering programs, and the use and value of scientific information in coastal management and preservation. We are interested in papers from scientists and policy makers who have worked on these issues, and from economists who have worked to characterize the economic costs of the problem and the solutions. A companion poster session will feature academic and government programs aimed at bridging the gap between coastal science and coastal policy. Abstracts are welcome from programs that are active in these areas.

Conveners: Gregory E. van der Vink, IRIS, 1200 New York Avenue, NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20005, USA, Tel: +1-202-682-2220, Fax: +1-202-682-2444, E-mail: gvdv@iris.edu; and Margaret Goud Collins, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 136 Irving St., Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, Tel: +1-617-576-5019, Fax: +1-508-548-6063, E-mail: mcollins@whoi.edu

U07   Linking Science Research and Education to Improve Undergraduate Geoscience Programs and K-12 Earth Science Teacher Preparation
Over the past several years there have been a number of initiatives aimed at restructuring undergraduate geoscience education and K-12 Earth science teacher preparation. Undergraduate curriculum reform projects include AGU's Scrutiny and Spheres workshops, NASA's Earth System Science Education (ESSE) and NOVA programs, and the Keck Geology Consortium. Efforts in Earth science teacher preparation are represented by such projects as the NSF funded collaboratives in teacher preparation, NASA's NOVA and ALERT Projects, and AGU's Linkages project. These and other projects take a variety of approaches to integrate advances in science education with reform efforts in undergraduate geoscience curriculum. This session will highlight some of the efforts that are underway with an emphasis on models for success, potential roadblocks, and lessons learned. The conveners invite organizations and universities that have participated in or are participating in geoscience education reform at the undergraduate level to contribute to this session.

Conveners: M. Frank Watt Ireton, American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA, Tel: +1-202-462-6900, Fax: +1-202-328-0566, E-mail: fireton@agu.org; Randall M. Richardson, 501 Administration, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA, Tel: +1-520-621-3374, E-mail: rmr@u.arizona.edu; and Stephanie A. Stockman, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, Geodynamics Branch, Code 921 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, Tel: +1-301-286-3181, E-mail: stockman@core2.gsfc.nasa.gov

U08   Geodetic Monitoring of the Earth System (Joint with EGS)
Geodesy has been the first science to produce global measurements of Earth. At the dawn of space age, the early geodetic tracking networks were the first to determine intercontinental distances with unprecedented accuracy, and the shape and gravity field of the planet. Over the past three decades, geodesy has improved our knowledge of these parameters and our understanding of their temporally dependent nature. At the same time it has revealed the intricate interdependence of the geophysical disciplines and the associated measurement techniques. As we enter an era when nearly every discipline has a dedicated space mission to globally observe and measure their relevant processes, we must re-examine the geodetic contributions and their relationship to these new data sets to be soon available. This symposium wishes to bring together geodesists with scientists from all of these disciplines to highlight the main questions that they are addressing and the ways that geodetic contributions can be utilized in achieving these goals. We would like to invite scientists from all disciplines of geophysics to submit contributions that cover all aspects of the Earth system: solid Earth, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and crysphere.

Conveners: Erricos C. Pavlis, Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, NASA Goddard Code 926, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001, USA, Tel: +1-301-286-4880, Fax: +1-301-286-1760, E-mail: epavlis@Helmert.gsfc.nasa.gov; and Gerhard Beutler, Astronomical Institute, Universite of Berne, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland, Tel: +41-31-631-8596, Fax: +41-31-631-3869, E-mail: beutler@aiub.unibe.ch

U09   Highlights of Planetary Exploration
On the eve of the new millennium, exploration of the Solar System has produced a plethora of remarkable scientific discoveries, from the possibility of liquid water oceans beneath the surface of Europa, to ancient microbial life on Mars. This session seeks to highlight some of the most compelling Planetary Sciences discoveries of the past 30 years by featuring keynote speakers. Included will be summaries of recent findings associated with the Moon, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and its Galilean Satellites, Asteroids, Saturn, Neptune, of primitive objects (comets, asteroids).

Conveners: Maria Zuber, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Room 54-518, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA, Tel: +1-617-253-6397, Fax: +1-617-258-9697, E-mail: zuber@MIT.EDU; and James W. Head, Department of Geological Sciences, Lincoln Field Building, Brown University, P.O. Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912, USA, Tel: +1-401-863-2526, Fax: +1-401-863-3978, E-mail: James_Head_III@Brown.edu

A01   Infrasound and Monitoring the CTBT
The recent signing of the CTBT (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty) has placed new demands on the technologies needed to successfully monitor worldwide explosions whose yields exceed about 1 kt. Infrasound, being one of the four key IMS (International Monitoring System) methods for global monitoring of atmospheric explosions, needs new and improved ways of doing routine automated data analysis, refined theoretical methods for detecting, identifying and locating explosive sources on regional and global distance scales, new measurements of background noise and of wave source characteristics, and even new and better ways of monitoring infrasonicwaves, i.e., refined infrasonic shelter noise reduction techniques, using thermistor and other measurement methods to monitor waves in the infrasonic range, etc. More specifically, better ways are needed to identify the characteristic signatures of the most important natural and man-made impulsive sources as a function of range, etc., of detecting compact, discrete infrasound sources (for point and line source geometries, etc.), and to understand the obscuring sources due to local and propagating meteorological effects, i.e., wind-advected turbulence, etc., and also due to microbaroms. Researchers also need to study more thoroughly the nature of chaotic effects on low frequency acoustic wave propagation in time varying and more realistic, range-dependent model atmospheres and the influence of these effects on detecting and locating various infrasonic source regions in differing parts of the globe during different seasons of the year. This should also include the routine incorporation of boundary layer, of tropospheric, and of middle and upper atmospheric temperature and wind data into the ray tracing type analyses to be used for the refinement of the most uncertain source locations. The specific objectives should be to improve upon our past knowledge and eventually to be able to process and evaluate all data automatically while detecting impulsive signals with a duration exceeding 1 minute from sources as small as 0.2 kt by at least two arrays within the 60 station global infrasound network on a routine basis. All these and other related topics are proposed for a special session on infrasound monitoring to be convened by ReVelle and Liszka at the Sping AGU meeting in Boston, May 1999.

Conveners: Doug ReVelle, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory; Tel: +1-505-667-1256; Fax: 505-665-3681; E-mail: dor@vega.lanl.gov and L. Liszka, Umea Division, Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF), Sorfors 634, S-905 88 Umea, Sweden

A02   Statistical Downscaling for Climate Change Impact Assessment (Joint with H)
Providing detailed climate change scenarios with high spatal resolution for use in climate impacts research has long been a fundamental rationale for statistical downscaling. Outputs of climate change experiments using General Circulation Models (GCMs) are often viewed as an inadequate basis for assessing land-surface impacts at regional scales because their spatial resolution is too coarse to resolve important subgrid scale processes, and because GCM output is unreliable at individual and subgrid box scales. Whilst there is also a growing appreciation of the limitations inherent to statistical downscaling, relatively little is known about the "value-added" of applying downscaled as opposed to raw GCM output to impact studies. The conveners therefore invite papers that address the following topical downscaling issues: (1) critiques and/or intercomparisons of different statistical downscaling methodologies (including comparisons with nested regional modeling experiments); (2) validations of typical downscaling predictor-predictand relationships within GCM output; (3) climate change impact studies in which statistically downscaled data have been employed.

Conveners: R.L.Wilby, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307-3000 USA, Tel: +1-303-497-2695, Fax: +1-303-497-2699, E-mail: wilby@ucar.edu; T.M.L.Wigley, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO 80307-3000 USA, Tel: +1-303-497-2690, Fax: +1-303-497-2699, E-mail: wigley@ucar.edu; and Dr. L.O. Mearns, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO 80307-3000 USA, Tel: +1-303-497-8124, Fax: +1-303-497-8125, E-mail: lindam@ucar.edu

A03   Three-Dimensional Radiative Transfer in the Cloudy Atmosphere: A Tribute to Georgii Titov (1948-1998)
Georgii Titov passed away on July 25, 1998, in Richland, Washington, after a battle with cancer. His untimely death occurred only 15 months after moving permanently from the Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk) to DoE's Pacific National Laboratory. Thus we were robbed of a brilliant scientist at the pinnacle of his career, "we" being the growing community of radiative transferists in both Eastern and Western hemispheres interested in cloud-driven three-dimensional effects. All those who had the pleasure of meeting Georgii will remember his radiant personality. He will be sadly missed. This special session, on a topic he pioneered, is dedicated to the memory of Georgii Titov. Three-dimensionality arises in shortwave transport through clouds and cloudy atmospheric environments because of how the advective and multiple-scattering terms in the radiative transfer equation interact; net horizontal fluxes are excited by horizontal gradients in any optical property. A wide variety of methods, exact and approximate, analytical and numerical, have been developed to account for three-dimensional effects in heterogeneous clouds, interactions between clouds, and exchanges between cloud and ground. A number of invited speakers will survey different aspects and periods of Georgii Titov's career; others will cover (1) theoretical methods that predict large-scale (domain-average) radiative properties, e.g., stochastic radiative transfer, Levy-flight transport; (2) approximate or exact numerical techniques capable of predicting small-scale structures in the radiation field; (3) observational or computational studies of cloud variability effects in specific atmospheric radiation problems (enhanced column absorption, cloud remote sensing, GCM parameterizations, LES modeling, etc.). Contributed oral and poster presentations are solicited in one or more of the above areas.

Conveners: Anthony B. Davis, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NIS-2, P.O. Box 1663, MS C-323 (parcels: Bikini Atoll Road, Bldg. 30), Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Tel: +1-505-665-6577, Fax: +1-505-667-3815, E-mail: adavis@lanl.gov; Alexander Marshak, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 913, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA, Tel: +1-301-286-4769, Fax: +1-301-286-1759, E-mail: marshak@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov; Evgueni Kassianov, CIMMS, The University of Oklahoma, 100 E. Boyd, Norman, OK 73019 USA, Tel: +1-405-325-6091, Fax: +1-405-325-7614, E-mail: Evgueni.Kassianov@pnl.gov; and Gerald M. Stokes, Battelle Pacific Northwest National Lab, P.O. Box 999, MS K9-95, Richland, WA 9935 USA, Tel: +1-509-375-3816, Fax: +1-509-375-2698, E-mail: gm_stokes@pnl.gov.

A04   Advances in GPS Science and Technology for the Study of Global Change and Natural Hazards Phenomena (Joint with G, OS, and SPA)
The Global Positioning System is poised to make significant new contributions to the Earth and Environmental Sciences. The measurement of direct, refracted, and reflected GPS signals can provide new and robust techniques for the study of the structure and dynamics of the atmosphere and ionosphere as well as ocean altimetry, scatterometry, land surface change, and mass flux. The density of ground based GPS networks is rapidly expanding for a number of applications including Earth environmental studies. The launch of Oersted and Sunsat scheduled for December, 1998, is a major step in an aggressive program to develop spaceborne and ground-based GPS systems for the measurement of global change phenomena. GPS/Met was the first satellite experiment to demonstrate the feasibility of GPS occultation technique for the determination of atmospheric and ionospheric structure and dynamics. The upcoming five GPS missions including Oersted, Sunsat, SAC-C, CHAMP, and GRACE planned for launch within this solar cycle will carry advanced spaceborne receivers to improve measurement accuracy. Data returned from these satellites will play key roles in supporting studies during the International Decade of Geopotential Field Research recently declared by the IAGA and IAG. This special session seeks contributions which describe the development of new GPS technology and data analysis techniques for the study of the Earth's environment.

Conveners: Dr. John L. LaBrecque, Program Scientist for Geodynamics, MS 233-200, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 USA, Tel: +1-818-354-7827, Fax: +1-818-393-5273, E-mail: jlabrecq@pop.jpl.nasa.gov; and Dr. Randolph Ware, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, UCAR/UNAVCO, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado 80307-3000 USA, Tel: +1-303-497-8005, Fax: +1-303-449-7857, E-mail: ware@ucar.edu

A05   Behavior of the Global Tropopause
The structure and variability of the tropopause is important for problems related to climate change and troposphere-stratosphere coupling. The conveners are soliciting papers on the behavior of the global tropopause in meteorological data sets and models and on tropopause influences on trace constituent variability. Current topics of interest include long-term variability and trends (particularly in the tropics), tropopause behavior in global reanalysis data sets, and observations related to troposphere-stratosphere mass exchange (both in the tropics and extratropics). Observational analyses that include trace constituent data are encouraged, as are modeling studies of the processes that maintain the global tropopause and the behavior of the tropopause in general circulation models.

Conveners: William J. Randel, National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA; Tel: +1-303-497-1439; Fax: +1-303-497-1492; E-mail: randel@ucar.edu; Philip Mote, University of Washington, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA; Tel: +1-206-616-5346; Fax: +1-206-616-5775; E-mail: philip@atmos.washington.edu

A06   Modeling Stratospheric Constituents: How Well Are We Doing?
This session will explore intercomparison of stratospheric ozone models and observations. We request papers which calculate constituent changes on seasonal, interannual or decadal time scales and compare to observations. The session will provide an opportunity to define outstanding issues in ozone and trace gas modeling. For example, do we get the ozone hole right? What are the predictions for Northern Hemisphere Ozone depletion - do they match the observations? Does the record of mid-latitude ozone loss match the models?

Conveners: Mark Schoeberl, Code 910 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-286-5819; Fax: +1-301-286-1662; E-mail: schoml@zephyr.gsfc.nasa.gov; and Dr. William Brune, Penn. State University, Department of Meteorology, 503 Walker Building, University Park, PA, 16802 USA; Tel: +1-814-865-3286; Fax: +1-814-865-3663; E-mail: brune@ems.psu.edu

A07   The South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX)
Recent results have shown that convection over the South China Sea may be linked to the occurrence of droughts and floods over East Asia during the northern summer monsoon season. The South China Sea Experiment Monsoon (SCSMEX) is an international field campaign to study the role of the water and energy cycles in the coupled ocean-atmosphere over the South China Sea and surrounding regions in affecting the onset and the subsequent evolution of the Asian monsoon. The field phase of SCSMEX was completed during May-June of 1998, with two Intensive Observing Periods: May 5-25 and June 5-25. SCSMEX has provided an unprecedented source of atmosphere-ocean data from a multiplicity of measurement platforms, including enhanced atmospheric soundings, dual Doppler radar, aerosondes, Integrated Sounding Systems, surface radiation measurements, ship observations, surface buoys, ocean temperature and current measurements over the South China Sea region. In conjunction with the in-situ observation program, SCSMEX also includes a pilot study component, a satellite component, a diagnostic, and modeling component. A large number of scientists from China, Taiwan, Japan and all countries of Southeast Asia, including the US and Australia, participated in SCSMEX. This special session will be focused on the preliminary findings of the field phase of SCSMEX as well as other related studies. The session will also provide an international forum for SCSMEX investigators and other interested scientists from all over the world to exchange information on data for monsoon research. The session will also call for studies to assess the recent (1998) occurrence of floods in East Asia in relation to the convective activies of the South China Sea as well as other regional and global scale phenomena.

Conveners: William K. M. Lau, Climate and Radiation Branch, NASA/GSFC, Code 913, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, Tel: +1-301-614-6185, Fax: +1-301-614-6307, E-mail: lau@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov; and Eddie H. H. Shih, NOAA/NOS, N/CS13 SSMC3, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282, USA, Tel: +1-301-713-2809, Fax: +1-301-713-4501, E-mail: Eddie.Shih@noaa.gov

A08   Urban Emissions and Atmospheric Chemistry
Urban and industrialized areas are major sources of greenhouse gases, precursors species of tropospheric aerosols, trace gases which lead to the depletion of stratospheric ozone, and precursor species which drive regional to continental scale production of tropospheric ozone and related oxidants. Emitted urban air pollutants have a significant impact on both regional viability and global change issues. It is important to understand both urban concentrations and emission sources of urban trace gases, and the connections of urban levels to sources. It is this reconciliation of emissions and urban concentrations that is the emphasis of this special session on Urban Emissions and Atmospheric Chemistry. There have been recent efforts to develop experimental measurement capabilities to characterize trace gas emission fluxes from urban and industrialized areas and to connect these fluxes to quantitative measures of the urban and industrial activities which create them. The special session seeks contributions that describe recent advances in the measurement of urban emissions or urban concentrations, and/or the development of urban/regional atmospheric chemistry models, particularly those which relate pollutant sources and urban concentrations.

Conveners: Joanne H. Shorter, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Rd., Billerica, MA 01821-3976 USA, Tel: +1-978-663-9500, ext. 208, Fax: +1-978-663-4918, E-mail: shorter@aerodyne.com; and Brian K. Lamb, Washington State University, Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, Pullman, WA 99164-2910 USA, Tel: +1-509-335-5702, Fax: +1-509 335-7632, E-mail: blamb@wsu.edu

A09   Continuing the Future in Atmospheric Science
The goals of this session are to highlight the efforts and accomplishments of undergraduate and graduate students and to provide a forum for young scientists to meet one another as well as leading members of the research community. Research presentations in all areas of atmospheric science are welcome. All presentations will be given by students. Part of the session will be a keynote lecture on current research in the atmospheric sciences, future directions the field must take, and the ways in which young scientists can continue their involvement throughout careers in the field. All student session participants are eligible for additional travel support to supplement the AGU student grants or other limited support.

Conveners: Jane M. Van Doren, Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College St., Worcester MA 01610-2395, USA, Tel: +1-508-793-3376, Fax: +1-508-793-3530, E-mail: jvandore@holycross.edu; and Douglas Worsnop, Aerodyne Research Inc., 45 Manning Rd., Billerica, MA 01821, USA, Tel: +1-978-663-9500, Fax: +1-978-663-4918, E-mail: worsnop@aerodyne.com

A10   Results from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)
TRMM has been operating successfully for over one year. The satellite carries the first radar designed specifically for precipitation (PR), along with a passive microwave radiometer (TMI), a visible/infrared sensor (VIRS), a lightning sensor (LIS) and a total radiation sensor (CERES). In addition to the satellite observations, TRMM also has a program for routine ground validation from 9 radar sites throughout the tropics, as well as a field experiment program designed to gain in-depth understanding of cloud processes. These are needed to improve the retrieval of rainfall as well as the profiles of latent heat release associated with precipitation. Papers are solicited in any one of the above areas related to the TRMM satellite or validation studies. The session will highlight some of the early results, particularly in the areas of improved global rainfall estimates from TRMM, validation studies and the application of global rainfall products in global modeling studies. Papers dealing with the above subjects as well as with new insight into rainfall properties obtained from the TRMM field campaigns in Texas, Florida, and as part of the TRMM LBA effort in Rondonia, Brazil are especially welcome. The session will be closely coordinated with H06-Remote Sensing of Precipitation.

Conveners: Gerald Heymsfield, Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Branch, NASA/GSFC, Code 912, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, Tel: +1-301-614-6369, Fax: +1-301-614-5484, E-mail: heymsfield@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov; and Christian Kummerow, Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Branch, NASA/GSFC, Code 912, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, Tel: +1-301-614-6313, Fax: +1-301-614-5484, E-mail: kummerow@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov

A11   Air-Sea Exchange (Joint with OS)
All topics related to the air-sea exchange of heat, momentum, gases and particles are solicited for this session. Those investigators who participated in the GASEX98 field experiments and data interpretation are especially encouraged to contribute. An emphasis on how air-sea exchange may respond to changes in climate on the global scale and how these changes in air-sea sea exchange may feed back on atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric dynamics and climate are also desired. Papers that use information on air-sea exchange observations at the 10-100 km scale and attempt to scale up to the global domain of General Circulation Models are of additional interest.

Conveners: David Erickson, NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA, E-mail: erickson@ucar.edu; and Rik Wanninkhof, NOAA/AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149 USA, E-mail: wanninkhof@aoml.noaa.gov

A12   Laboratory Studies and Atmospheric Chemistry: A Session to Honor Dr. DeMore
Quantification of the rates of chemical processes that take place in the atmosphere is essential for understanding atmospheric chemistry and evaluating the impact of human activities on the Earth's atmosphere. Atmospheric chemical processes include gas-phase free-radical reactions, photochemical processes, and heterogeneous reactions. The success of models used in analytical studies and international assessments rely on the availability of reliable data tabulations derived from critical assessments of laboratory data. Dr. DeMore has steered one of the major evaluation efforts over the past decades and the NASA/JPL evaluation is known to all atmospheric scientists around the world. In addition, he has made many important contributions to laboratory studies of atmospheric kinetics and photochemistry. This session celebrates Dr. DeMore's contributions by highlighting the use of evaluated data in international assessments, interpretation of field data, modeling, and laboratory investigations. In addition, the current state of various laboratory studies of gas-phase free-radical reactions and photochemical parameters will be discussed. We call for oral and poster presentation dealing with acquisition of important kinetics, photochemical, and heterogeneous rates, use of these rates in atmospheric models, and interpretation of field data using laboratory data.

Conveners: A.R. Ravishankara, NOAA Aeronomy Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder CO 80303 USA, E-mail: ravi@al.noaa.gov; and S.P. Sander, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109 USA, E-mail: Stanley.P.Sander@jpl.nasa.gov

A13   Modeling of Chemistry-Aerosol-Climate Interactions
Various efforts are underway to develop models that include interactions between chemistry, aerosols and climate, in order to understand past climate change and to infer future climate sensitivity. This session will highlight progress and problems in tackling this challenging task.

Conveners: Daniel Jacob, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge MA 02138, USA, Tel: +1-617-495-1794, Fax: +1-212-617-495-9837, E-mail: djj@io.harvard.edu; and David Rind, Goddard Space Flight Center, Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA, Tel: +1-212-678-5593, Fax: +1-212-678-5552, E-mail: drind@giss.nasa.gov

G01   The North American Geoid: Supporting Leveling by GPS
Regional high resolution models of the geoid have been available for all areas of North America since 1997. Most of these models' accuracy is high enough to suggest that leveling with GPS can soon be a routine process. Despite such advances in overall accuracy, regional models still rarely agree with neighboring models at their edges. Furthermore, even for such an accurate geoid model, to fully support leveling with GPS it is required that researchers gather more data and refine the theory than has been used in the past. Finally, a methodology must be developed that will give one the ability to reliably determine centimeter-accurate GPS ellipsoidal heights with short observing times in order to efficiently level with GPS. Contributions to this session are welcomed on the latest research toward improving the accuracy of the geoid, the GPS-derived ellipsoid heights, on case histories of performing leveling by GPS, and on comparisons with results from classical techniques.

Conveners: Conveners: Dru Smith, NOAA/National Geodetic Survey, 1315 East-West Highway, Room 9316, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA; Tel: +1-301-713-3202; Fax: +1-301-713-4172; E-mail: dru@ngs.noaa.gov; and Marc Veronneau, Geodetic Survey Division, Geomatics Canada, Dept. of Natural Resources Canada, 615 Booth Street, Room 482A, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0E9, Canada; Tel: +1-613-992-1988; Fax: +1-613-992-1468; E-mail: marc@geod.nrcan.gc.ca

G02   Vertical Signals in Geodetic Measurements (Joint with H)
Geodetic hardware and data reduction techniques are improving to such an extent that our ability to measure small vertical crustal motions like the long wavelength motion associated with post-glacial rebound or short wavelength motion from surface loading has likewise improved. This session will focus on techniques that improve our ability to extract vertical crustal motions from geodetic techniques. The convenors would like to encourage the participation of individuals working with techniques such as stacking, fourier analysis, objective methods for outlier rejection, water vapor radiometer calibration, stochastic modelling, tropospheric modeling of INSAR using GPS. Talks dealing with environmental modeling (snow, hydrology, atmosphere, etc), monument noise, antenna effects, and those that deal with combining techniques that have different error characteristics (GPS/SLR, GPS/Gravimetery, GPS/INSAR) will also be welcomed.

Conveners: R. Steve Nerem, Center for Space Research, University of Texas, Austin, 3925 Braker Lane, Suite 200, Austin, TX 78759-5321, USA, Tel: +1-512-471-5573, Fax: +1-512-471-3570, E-mail: nerem@csr.utexas.edu; and Tonie van Dam, Royal Observatory of Belgium, 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium, Tel: +32-2-373-05-35, Fax: +32-2-374-98-22, E-mail: tonie@helios.oma.be

G03   North American East Coast Dynamics (Joint with H and T)
Geographical variations in the rates of sea level rise along the east coast of North America indicate that the crust there is rebounding in the North and begins to subside somewhere near the latitude of the Chesapeake Bay. This general pattern observed in the of sea level rates can be explained by post-glacial rebound of the Earth's crust associated with the Pleistocene deglaciation. Finer details such as the exact location of the peripheral bulge, are more difficult to discern potentially because local effects such as sediment loading or ground water extraction contaminate the absolute sea level trend observed by tide gauges. In this session we solicit papers that contribute to our understanding of crustal motions or sea level signals on the east coast. Results focusing on the geophysics, geology, hydrology, or geomorphology are encourgaged.

Conveners: James Davis, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden St., MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Tel: +1-617-496-7640, Fax: +1-617-495-7345, E-mail: jdavis@cfa.harvard.edu; and Jeffrey P. Donnelly, Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912, USA, Tel: +1-401-863-2810, Fax: +1-401-863-2058, E-mail: Jeffrey_Donnelly@brown.edu

G04   Complimentary Studies in Geodesy and Physical Oceanography
The high quality of altimetric data which is now routinely available from satellite missions such as TOPEX/POSEIDON has underscored the need for continuous cooperation between geodetic and oceanographic disciplines. Gravitational model improvements are essential for the unprecedented results obtained from TOPEX/POSEIDON by contributing to the precise orbit determination and in form of improved oceanic geoid estimates required to obtain the absolute ocean flow field from altimeter data. At the same time, advances in the area of ocean modeling and ocean state estimation provide increasingly realistic information about the physical state of the ocean, which will greatly benefit geodetic investigations. Missions, such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE promise a "quantum-leap" in determining the time-dependent gravity field with significant consequences for physical oceanography with respect to the measurement of the absolute flow field and and variations in the abyssal currents. In this session we solicit contribution that describe on-going efforts in areas combining geodetic and oceanographic information, as well as analyses related to each individual discipline, based on both currently available data and future mission/measurement concepts.

Conveners: Nikolaos K. Pavlis, Raytheon ITSS Corporation, 7701 Greenbelt Road, Suite 400, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA, Tel: +1-301-441-4121, Fax: +1-301-441-2432, E-mail: npavlis@geodesy2.gsfc.nasa.gov; and Detlef Stammer, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MS 54-1518, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA, Tel: +1-617-253-5259, Fax: +1-617-253-4464, E-mail: detlef@lagoon.mit.edu

G05   Time Variations of Gravity and Earth Rotation
Recent progress in gravimetry, space geodesy, altimetry, and modelling have made it possible to resolve time variations in the gravity field and rotation of the Earth. In addition, understanding of the variability of geophysical fluids (atmosphere, ocean, continental water, ice, etc.) has increased through both direct observation and modelling. This session focuses the time-dependent effect of these fluids on phenomena such as variations of gravity, polar motion, precession and nutation, length of day, motion of the geocenter, and Earth tides. We invite presentations related to new observational techniques, current and future space missions (CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE, and ICESAT), data analysis techniques, and modelling.

Conveners: Eric W. Leuliette, Center for Space Research, 3925 West Braker Lane, Suite 200, Austin, TX 78759-5321, USA, Tel: +1-512-471-6664, Fax: +1-512-471-3570, E-mail: leuliette@csr.utexas.edu; and Richard S. Gross, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mail Stop 238-332, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA, Tel: +1 818-354-4010, Fax: +1 818-393-6890, E-mail: Richard.Gross@jpl.nasa.gov

G06   Impact of Geodetic Observations for the Atmospheric Sciences (Joint with A)
The largely unanticipated ability to use the Global Positioning System (GPS) to continuously monitor the earth's atmosphere has led to the development of promising new meteorological observing systems and techniques. GPS met observations have applicability for short-term weather forecasting and long-term climate monitoring, both in their own right and as part of integrated (composite) upper-air observing systems. In turn, observations of what has been historically seen by the geodetic community as a nuisance parameter can provide improved levels of accuracy for space geodetic techniques. We invite contributions to this session on the latest uses of geodetic techniques to characterize and monitor the state of the atmosphere, and the impact that these observations have on improved weather forecasting, climate monitoring, and high-accuracy geodetic observations.

Conveners: Seth Gutman, NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory, 325 Broadway R/E/FS3, Boulder, CO 80303, USA, Tel: +1-303-497-7031, Fax: +1-303-497-6014, E-mail: gutman@fsl.noaa.gov; and Steven Businger, Department of Meteorology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, 2525 Correa Road, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, Tel: +1-808-956-2569, Fax: +1-808-956-2877, E-mail: businger@soest.hawaii.edu

GP01   Geomagnetic Paleointensity
The conveners are soliciting papers on geomagnetic paleointensity, both relative and absolute, with special emphasis on spatial and temporal variability, relationship to directional (secular) variation, the influence of nongeomagnetic factors in perturbating the records, and its applications. As the number and spatial distribution of records improves, it becomes possible to distinguish regional and global (dipole) influences on the geomagnetic record and separate these from lithologic influences produced by environmental change.

Conveners: Joseph S. Stoner, Department of Geology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA; Tel: +1-530-752-1861 (direct) and +1-530-752-0350 (department); Fax: +1-530-752-0951; E-mail: stoner@geology.ucdavis.edu and James E. T. Channel, Department of Geology, 1112 Turlington Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA; Tel: +1-352-392-3658 (direct) and +1-352-392-2231 (department); Fax: +1-352-392-9294; E-mail: jetc@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu

GP02   Magnetic Anomalies of the Antarctic
Since the IGY of 1957-1958, magnetic anomaly mapping has served as a principal tool for geologic studies of the Antarctic. Numerous magnetic surveys have been carried out by the international community. Many examples can be cited where these data have contributed fundamental insight on the geological properties of this remote and largely inaccessible region. Consequently, in 1993 resolutions from SCAR and IAGA lead to the establishment of the Antarctic Digital Magnetic Anomaly Project. ADMAP is an international effort whose goal is to produce a unified magnetic anomaly map and digital database for the area south of 60 degrees south latitude. This special session is primarily devoted to the acquisition and use of magnetic anomaly data for Antarctic geologic studies. In addition, the conveners will present the progress and problems of the international efforts of ADMAP. The roles of complementary geophysical, rock physical property and other data for enhancing geologic applications of south polar magnetic anomalies will also be considered. Oral and Poster contributions are welcomed from those concerned with geophysical and geological studies of the Antarctic.

Conveners: Ralph R.B. von Frese, Dept. of Geological Sciences & Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Tel: +1-614-292-5635, Fax: +1-614-292-7688, E-mail: vonfrese@osu.edu; and Peter Morris, Geoscience Division, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB# OET, UK, Tel: +44-1223-251574, Fax: +44-1223-362616, E-mail: pmor@bas.ac.uk

GP03   Paleomagnetism and Tectonics
The conveners of this special session request contributions concerning the application of paleomagnetic results to solve tectonic problems from the global scale to the regional scale. Interdisciplinary studies using geological techniques in conjunction with paleomagnetic and rock magnetic results are particularly welcome.

Conveners: K.P. Kodama, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 31 Williams Drive, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015-3188 USA; Tel: +1-610-758-3663; Fax: +1-610-758-3667; E-mail: kpk0@lehigh.edu and L.L. Brown, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA 01003-5820 USA; Tel: +1-413-545-0245; Fax: +1-413-545-1200; E-mail: lbrown@geo.umass.edu

GP04   Environmental Magnetism
Lacustrine sediments, loess, paleosols, and soils provide archives for environmental change. Magnetic properties often reflect these changes but little information is available on the processes that affect the magnetic mineralogy. Contributions to this session are sought that deal with the effects of pedogenic, biogenic, and anthropogenic processes on the magnetic properties of natural archives. Interdisciplinary studies that integrate magnetic data with other information such as geochemical, pedological, or biological data are especially welcomed.

Convener: Ann Hirt, Institute of Geophysics, ETH Hoenggerberg, Zurich, CH 8093 Switzerland, E-mail: ann@mag.ig.erdw.ethz.ch

GP05   GIS and Remote Sensing Tools Applied to Tectonics
This special session focuses on the use of GIS and remote sensing in tectonic studies. Studies in which remotely sensed data, such as LANDSAT TM, SPOT, ERS-1/2 SAR, SIR-C etc., are used within a Geographical Information Systems framework have become increasingly common. This session brings together a wide variety of such new approaches to the study of tectonic problems.

Convener: William Harbert, Geophysics, 321 OEH, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260 USA, Tel: +1-412-624-8874, Fax: +1-412-624-3914, E-mail: bill@earth.eps.pitt.edu, Web Site: http://www.geology.pitt.edu/Harbert.html

GP06   The Magnetic Fields of Solar System Planets and Moons: New Insights and Unanswered Questions (Joint with P and SM)
Data from previous and recent satellite missions including Voyager, Lunar Prospector, Mars Global Surveyor and Galileo have yielded exciting information on the magnetic fields of the planets and moons of our solar system. Planned and proposed future missions, such as MESSENGER (Mercury: Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, Ranging), are anticipated to continue this trend into the next millenium. Magnetic field data from these missions also provide critical constraints on thermal evolution models for solar system bodies. The upcoming Oersted and CHAMP missions will complement and extend existing MAGSAT data, providing high resolution global characterizations of the Earth's internal and external magnetic fields and their temporal variations. In addition to the wealth of new data, significant progress has been made in the development of inversion algorithms and in the development of dynamically consistent three-dimensional simulations of convection and magnetic field generation. This session will highlight current understanding of, and open questions regarding the magnetic fields of the planets and moons of our solar system. Papers are invited which emphasize theoretical calculations, predictions from dynamo simulations, observational constraints and new modeling techniques.

Conveners: Catherine Johnson, Tel: +1-202-682-2220, Fax: +1-202-682-2444, E-mail: cjohnson@dtm.ciw.edu; and Jeremy Bloxham, Tel: +1-617-495-9517, Fax: +1-617-495-8839, E-mail: bloxham@geophysics.harvard.edu

H01   Carbon Sequestration and Biogeochemistry of Soils (Joint with A)
As a result of the Kyoto Protocol there is an effort to look toward soils and living biomass for carbon sequestration. For carbon credits to be meaningful, sustained sequestration for decades and over large regions is required. Soils store two-thirds of the active terrestrial carbon pool and are therefore a likely candidate. However, our understanding of carbon sequestration and the processes that control carbon residence time in soils is poor. In this session we would like to develop a scientific exchange on sequestration in systems such as natural and planted forests, grasslands, and wetlands (e.g. accumulation rates, fire loss, changes through vegetational succession, etc.); soil micriobiological, ecological, and biogeochemical processes that control sequestration (e.g. DOC leaching, soil respiration, production or consumption of other GHG that may enhance or offset the sequestration, etc); land management (e.g agricultural practices, erosion and stabilization etc.); cold region soils (temperature and moisture responses); and erosion and sedimentation (sink or source?). We encourage presentations that discusses research using empirical and/or modeling approaches of how to deal with inventory and process timescales of years to centuries. We would like to see participants emphasize the uncertainties in their measurements and models and the implication these uncertainties have on regional and global budgets.

Conveners: Nigel Roulet, Director, Centre for Climate and Global Change Research, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal QC H3A 2K6, Tel: +1-514-398-4945, Fax: 514-398-7347, E-mail: roulet@felix.geog.mcgill.ca; Jennifer Harden, USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd. MS 962, Menlo Park CA 94025 USA, E-mail: jharden@isdmnl.wr.usgs.gov; and Christopher Potter, Research Scientist, Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA - Ames Research Center, MS 242-4, E-mail: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov

H02   Environmental Tracers of Biogeochemical Processes in Aquatic Systems
Sources, transformations and fates of key elements in aquatic ecosystems vary in space and time. It is therefore often difficult to derive reliable long term fluxes that can be integrated with biogeochemical process studies. Environmental tracers, such as stable isotopes of C and N, biomarkers, or trace element proxies, potentially allow better integrated estimates of fluxes and fates of elements involved in iogeochemical cycling over large time and space scales. Now that state of the art techniques such as continuous flow IRMS and ICP-MS are well established, and readily available, how well has our understanding advanced, and under what circumstances are these techniques of most benefit? This session seeks to bring together research from any aspect of catchment and ecosystem studies that examine the usefulness of natural tracers to improved estimates for current and anthropogenic induced effects on biogeochemical cycles. The areas of study include all facets of terrestrial aquatic ecosystems such as surface and ground water interaction, vegetation land use changes, climate variability, etc.

Conveners: W. Berry Lyons, Dept. of Geology, University of Alabama, Box 870338, Tuscaloosa AB 35487-0338; Tel: 205-348-0583; Fax: 205-348-9268; E-mail: blyons@wgs.geo.ua.edu; and Andrew L. Herczeg, CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Australia, Tel: 61-8-8303-8722, Fax: 61-8-8303-8750; E-mail: Andrew.Herczeg@adl.clw.csiro.au

H03   Cation Supply and Surface Water Acidification
Sulfate concentrations in surface waters of glaciated terrain have declined significantly during the past decade due to decreases in SOx emissions and deposition. Nitrate has also declined despite little change in deposition. However, surface water ANC has not universally increased due to these changes in acid anions. Hypotheses to explain this conundrum include declining atmospheric deposition of base cations, climate-related factors, decreased export of cations from soils, and changes in DOC quantity or character. This session will evaluate such hypotheses through analysis of data and models of water, soil, and precipitation chemistry. Presenters are asked to include statements of untested hypotheses in their presentations for a panel discussion on future research directions at the conclusion of the session.

Conveners: Stephen A. Norton, Department of Geological Sciences, 5790 BGSC, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469-5790 USA; E-mail: Norton@Maine.Edu; and Steve Kahl, Water Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469-5764 USA; E-mail: Kahl@Maine.Edu

H04   Use of Remotely Sensed Data for Parameterizing and Validating Land-Use Water Quality Models
Watershed-scale models that simulate the interaction between land-use and hydrologic impacts benefit from input data of high spatial and temporal frequency. Remotely sensed data are potentially useful in parameterizing and possibly validating water quality models that incorporate land-use information. Abstracts are solicited which address the use of remotely sensed data for parameterizing and validating water quality models, different processing techniques for remotely sensed data for such models and approaches for structuring water-quality models to more effectively utilize remotely sensed data.

Conveners: Theodore Endreny, Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Resources, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA, Tel: +1-609-258-5646, E-mail: tendreny@princeton.edu; and Dr. Eric F. Wood, Professor of Hydroclimatology Program in Environmental Engineering and Water Resources, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA, Tel: +1-609-258-4675, Fax: +1-609-258-2799, E-mail: efwood@princeton.edu

H05   The Scientific Basis of Water Quality Monitoring
Riverine water-quality monitoring programs around the world are being re-designed to meet new demands such as determining the importance of non-point source pollutants and pollutant loadings to estuaries. These networks operate at much broader spatial scales than typical scientific studies, and resource limitations often force difficult design trade-offs to be made. Although there is usually a regulatory aspect to these activities, this session seeks to examine the technical basis for decisions on sampling strategies, and station selection and operation for objectives such as load determination and performing river basin assessments. Papers are solicited that employ novel modeling approaches and data collection strategies for these networks.

Conveners: Colin Neal, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, UK OX10 8BB; Tel: +44 1491 692256; E-mail: c.neal@ua.nwl.ac.uk; and Richard Hooper, U.S. Geological Survey, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA; Tel: +1-508-490-5065; E-mail: rphooper@usgs.gov

H06   Remote Sensing of Precipitation (POSTER ONLY)
This special session will cover a broad range of topics related to all aspects of remote sensing of precipitation. The session will consist entirely of poster presentations. Papers are solicited on the estimation, validation, and error/uncertainty assessment of precipitation measured by ground-based remote sensors, such as radar (e.g., NEXRAD WSR-88D), and satellite sensors (e.g., VIS, IR, SSM/I, TRMM). Analyses of ground-based sensors relevant for validation (e.g., raingauge, drop spectra devices, microwave links) are welcome as well. The session will highlight research and applications involving remotely-sensed precipitation. Presentations related to the GEWEX Continental Scale International Project (GCIP), the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Experiment (COARE), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the Pan American Climate Studies (PACS), and the Mesoscale Alpine Program (MAP) are particularly encouraged.

Conveners: Matthias Steiner, Princeton University, Department of Civil Engineering and Operations Research, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 USA; Tel: +1-609-258-4614; E-mail: msteiner@radap.princeton.edu; and Allen Bradley, University of Iowa, Institute of Hydraulic Research, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA, Tel: +1-319-335-6117; E-mail: allen-bradley@uiowa.edu

H07   Towards a Common Research Agenda in Surface Hydrology and Hydroclimatology: Recent Progress and Future Directions
The objective of this special session is to promote and enhance the discussion within the Hydrology community on the research topics that should shape our common agenda. This session will consist of several presentations by invited speakers on the research progress that has been achieved during the last decade, as well as the new and exciting directions for future research. The general areas for the presentations will include precipitation, evaporation, snow hydrology, geomorphology of river basins, global hydrology, remote sensing and data assimilation of hydrologic variables, and biosphere-atmosphere interaction. The session will devote significant time for a general discussion.

Conveners: Elfatih A. B. Eltahir, MIT, Room 48-207, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; Tel: +1-617- 253-6596; Fax: +1-617-253-7462; Email: eltahir@MIT.EDU

H08   Characterizing Coastal Aquifers Using Hydrologic, Geophysical, and/or Geochemical Techniques
Urbanization and development are placing increasing stress on coastal freshwater resources, leading to a new emphasis on characterizing both baseline (pre development) and perturbed states of aquifers. This session focuses on case studies that use overlapping hydrologic, geophysical, and/or geochemical methods to constrain the distribution of freshwater and saltwater in coastal environments. Papers that emphasize groundtruthing of noninvasive techniques using the standard methods of physical and chemical hydrology are particularly welcome, as are studies that quantify anthropogenic impacts on coastal aquifers.

Conveners: S. E. Kruse, Department of Geology, University of South Florida, Tampa FL 33620 USA; Tel: +1-813-974-7341; Fax: +1-813-974-2654; E-mail: skruse@chuma.cas.usf.edu; and C. Ruppel, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332-0340 USA, Tel: +1-404-894-0231; Fax: +1-404-894-5638; E-mail: cdr@piedmont.eas.gatech.edu

H09   Scientific Principles in Distributed Hydrologic Process Modeling: Is More Complexity Better?
The purpose of this session is to summarize the development of distributed parameter surface water hydrologic models. Improved computational environments and data sources have motivated the question of how best to represent distributed hydrologic surface water processes and land-atmosphere interactions. In this session we wish to explore the questions and the scientific principles concerning appropriate model complexity. Contributions on model complexity from the plot to river basin scales are expected which address the following areas. (1) How much physical process representation and spatial/temporal discretization is necessary, adequate, or possible in operational and research domains of hydrological modeling? (2) Parsimonious relations between the number of parameters, model equation process representation, and data availability. (3) How spatial/temporal variability, resolution sampling errors, attribute uncertainty, and accuracy at various scales are represented by or handled in complex distributed models. 4) Calibration and validation of distributed models exploiting geographical information, constrained and unconstrained optimization/adjoint methods as well as others techniques.

Conveners: Baxter E. Vieux, University of Oklahoma, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, 202 West Boyd Street, Room CEC334, Norman, OK 73019 USA; Tel: +1-405-325-3600; Fax: +1-405-325-4217; E-mail: mailto:Bvieux@ou.edu; John Schaake, National Weather Service, OFA, Route W/OH, 1325 East West Highway, 8310 SSMC2 Silver Spring MD 20910-3283 USA; Tel: +1-301-713-1658, x144; Fax: +1-301- 713-0963; Email: John.Schaake@noaa.gov; Claude Duchon, Professor, School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, 100 West Boyd Street, Room SEC-1310, Norman, OK 73019 USA, Tel: +1-405 325-2984; Email: cduchon@ou.edu; and Yasuto Tachikawa, Associate Professor, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan; Tel: +81-774-38-4128; Fax: +81-774-38-4130; Email: tatikawa@rdp.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp

H10   Watershed Processes in Urbanizing Systems
Applications of hydrologic principles in urban settings have been pursued for decades with emphasis on runoff generation, discharge dynamics and water quality as a result of altered land use. More recently, the interactions between watershed processes and the social and economic dynamics of communities have received increasing attention through such initiatives as the joint EPA/NSF Water and Watersheds program and the addition of two new urban LTER sites in Baltimore and Phoenix. Contributions are sought that deal with novel approaches to the description and modeling of the activities of people and institutions with regard to the water and nutrient mass balance of urbanizing watersheds, and implications for the planning process with regard to reduction of water quality degradation watershed export of nutrients, sediment and toxics.

Conveners: L.E. Band, Department of Geography, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA; Tel: +1-919-962-3921; Fax: +1-919-962-1537; E-mail: lband@email.unc.edu; and G. Lawrence, USGS, Rensalaer, NY USA; E-mail: glawrenc@usgs.gov

H11   Geomorphology and Water Quality
Hydrochemical signals in surface waters are determined by water residence times and prevailing flowpaths in a given catchment. Current hydrologic concepts link these flowpaths to terrain features which can be quantified and scaled up though digital terrain models and geographic information systems. For this session, we invite contributions that (1) explore the link between geomorphology and water quality explicitly, (2) address related scale issues, as well as the validity of underlying hydrologic assumptions, and (3) highlight the role of wetlands in defining stream and lake chemistry.

Conveners: Helmut Elsenbeer, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0071, USA, Tel: +1-513-556-3696, E-mail: helmute@boss.cee.uc.edu; and Irena F. Creed, Depts. of Plant Sciences and Geography, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada, Tel: +1-519-661-4265, Fax: +1-519-661-3935, E-mail: icreed@julian.uwo.ca

H12   Role of the Vadose Zone for Groundwater Contamination: Barrier or Pathway?
In recent years, the vadose zone has received increasing attention among scientists, engineers and regulators. It is often hoped that the vadose zone will function as a barrier to contaminant transport. How realistic is this desired behavior for the vadose zone? Under what conditions can the vadose zone be expected either to function or fail as a barrier to groundwater contamination? It is the purpose of this session to provide a forum for considering how multiphase flow and transport related processes at work in the vadose zone may contribute to the elimination, retardation or migration of introduced contaminants. We encourage experimental and modeling papers focusing on those flow and transport mechanisms (e.g., preferential flow, fracture flow, barometric pumping, colloidal transport, soil heterogeneities, and chemical effects) that influence whether and at what rate contamination reaches the water table.

Conveners: Charles Carrigan, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Tel: +1-925-422-3941, E-mail: carrigan1@llnl.gov; Ken Jackson, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Tel: +1-925-422-6053, E-mail: jackson8@llnl.gov; Peter Lichtner, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Tel: +1-505-667-3420, E-mail: lichtner@vega.lanl.gov; and Dongxiao "Don" Zhang, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Tel: +1-505-667-3541, E-mail: dongzhang@lanl.gov

H17   Low- and Midlatitude Ice Cores: Unique and Globally Diverse Sites for Reconstructing Paleoenvironmental Records
Ice-cores from the polar regions offer well preserved paleoenvironmental records that have time periods exceeding 400,000 years; however, their geographic distribution is limited. Although ice-core records from high elevation, mid- and low-latitude sites contain shorter periods of record, they offer important paleoenvironmental information and have a large geographical distribution. In addition, non-polar sites are in close proximity to the majority of the planet's population providing a local-scale record of atmospheric impacts. Interpretation of paleoenvironmental records from mid- and low-latitude ice-coring sites is sometimes clouded by questions regarding the influence of meltwater percolation on the chemical and isotopic stratigraphy. This session will focus on recent paleoenvironmental results obtained from ice cores collected in mid- and low-latitude settings on the continents of North and South America, Asia, and Europe. Papers that describe specialized interpretive techniques and tools specific to non-polar ice core records will be encouraged. This session should attract a diverse group of scientists from a number of AGU sections, including atmospheric sciences, hydrology, ocean sciences, volcanology, geochemistry, and petrology.

Conveners: L. DeWayne Cecil, U.S. Geological, 900 N. Skyline Dr., Suite C, Idaho Falls, ID 83402, USA, Tel: +1-208-528-2611, Fax: +1-208-528-2605, E-mail: ldcecil@usgs.gov; and David Naftz, U.S. Geological Survey, 1745 W 1700 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84104, USA, E-mail: dlnaftz@usgs.gov

H18   Innovative Applications of Geochemical Modeling to Groundwater Contamination Problems
Almost all groundwater contamination problems have a geochemical component, yet geochemical modeling is not widely used. Often, quantification of geochemical reactions gives way to phenomenological parameters such as Kds. The NRC attributed the failure of past and current remediation programs partly to the lack of understanding of geochemistry. Successful applications require the knowledge of both geochemical modeling concepts and the nature of environmental problems. Contributions are solicited on papers that describe innovative applications of geochemical models to solving various types of environmental problems. Modeling applications in experimental, field, and theoretical work, as well as regulatory concerns, deficiencies and future development of models, are appropriate topics for this session.

Conveners: Chen Zhu, Department of Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA, Tel: +1-757-683-4911, Fax: +1-757-683-5303, E-mail: czhu@odu.edu; and David Burden, U.S.EPA/NRMRL/SPRD - R.S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, Ada, OK 74820, USA, Tel: +1-580-332-8606, E-mail: Burden.david@epamail.epa.gov

H19   Effective Characterization of Aquifer Heterogeneity and Incorporation Into Flow and Transport Models
Incorporating heterogeneity into groundwater flow and contaminant transport models is important for reducing uncertainties that can lead to overly conservative environmental remediation decisions. Small-scale geologic characterization data, such as geophysical logs, lithologic core descriptions, and cone penetrometer logs, offer great potential for cost-effectively defining heterogeneous model conductivity fields. Technical hurdles include relating hydraulic conductivity to field measurements, and scale issues. Chemical heterogeneity leads to similarconsiderations. Theoretical and practical approaches are solicited for 1) correlating conductivity to geologic (soft) data, 2) upscaling to the model grid, and 3) quantitatively assessing gains achieved from heterogeneous models. Field scale case studies are encouraged.

Conveners: Gregory P. Flach, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Savannah River Technology Center, Bldg. 773-42A, Aiken, SC 29808, USA, Tel: +1-803-725-5195, E-mail: gregory.flach@srs.gov; and Mary K. Harris, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Savannah River Technology Center, Bldg. 773-42A, Aiken, SC 29808, USA, Tel: +1-803-725-4184, E-mail: mary.harris@srs.gov

H20   Harnessing Natural Forces for Aquifer Characterization and Remediation
Characterization of and subsequent remediation of subsurface systems using baseline technologies requires large amounts of energy and is expensive. One avenue for reducing costs is to reduce energy input by harnessing natural forces to drive the desired process. Example natural forces include, but are not necessarily limited to solar, barometric pressure and/or tidal cycles, geothermal energy, and existing natural head or concentration gradients. We seek presentations that discuss innovative characterization techniques and remediation technologies that harness natural forces, or passively induced or natural gradients to achieve their objective. Natural attenuation studies are also encouraged.

Conveners: Joe Rossabi, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Savannah River Technology Center, Aiken, SC 29808, USA, Tel: +1-803-725-5220, E-mail: joseph.rossabi@srs.gov; and David M. Tuck, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, Savannah River Technology Center, Aiken, SC 29808, USA, Tel: +1-803-725-2927, E-mail: david.tuck@srs.gov

H21   Innovative, in Situ DNAPL Characterization and Remediation Technologies
Dense nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface environment pose an enormous technical and finacial challenge. This special session will focus on the ongoing developmental research and field-application of innovative, in-situ characterization and remediation technologies in this area. We encourage presentations dealing with novel technologies that may be in the early stages of field testing and application such as tracers, direct push characterization methods, in-situ flushing, and thermal technologies and more established technologies with novel applications.

Conveners: Nancy Hayden, Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA, Tel: +1-802-656-1924, Fax: +1-802-656-8446, E-mail: nhayden@emba.uvm.edu; and Mike Annable, Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA, Tel: +1-352-392-3294, Fax: +1-352-392-3076, E-mail: manna@engnet.ufl.edu

H22   Arsenic in Groundwater
Arsenic present in groundwater due to natural or anthropogenic sources is a widespread problem. Identifying and modeling the geochemical processes associated with arsenic occurrence and transport in different groundwater environments is essential for evaluating natural and enhanced remediation strategies. This session will focus on: (1) field and laboratory studies designed to identify processes controlling the occurrence and transport of arsenic in groundwater, (2) modeling arsenic occurrence and transport in groundwater, and (3) evaluation of natural and enhanced treatment stategies for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated groundwater.

Conveners: Kenneth Stollenwerk, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 413, Box 25046, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA, Tel: +1-303-236-4994, Fax: +1-303-236-5034, E-mail: kgstolle@usgs.gov; and John Colman, U.S. Geological Survey, 28 Lord Road, Suite 280, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA, Tel: +1-508-490-5027, Fax: +1-508-490-5068, E-mail: jacolman@usgs.gov

H23   Water Quality of Hydrologic Systems (POSTER ONLY)
Submissions for poster presentations are invited on all aspects of water quality and tracers in hydrology, including field, laboratory, or theoretical work, directed at groundwater or surface water, at any spatial scale. Presentations may range from the use of solutes purely as tracers of water movement to investigations focused mainly or solely on geochemical processes/reactions. Both contaminants and naturally occurring chemicals species are appropriate for this session.

Conveners: Richard P. Hooper, U.S. Geological Survey, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA, Tel: +1-508-490-5065, Fax: +1-508-490-5068, E-mail: rphooper@usgs.gov; and Carol Kendall, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA, Tel: +1-650-329-4576, Fax: +1-650-329-5590, E-mail: ckendall@usgs.gov

H24   Hillslope and Fluvial Processes (POSTER ONLY)
Studies of hillslope or fluvial processes and their interactions are solicited for this long-running session. We encourage submission of both field and theoretical studies that will hopefully range from detailed studies of individual field sites to continental-scale modeling of sediment yields. Submission concerning tropical, polar, temperate, and arid landscapes are equally encouraged. The session will only include poster presentations.

Conveners: Kelin X. Whipple, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Rm. 54-1016, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Tel: +1-617-253-2578, Fax: +1-617-252-1800, E-mail: kxw@mit.edu; and Gregory E. Tucker, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rm 48-108, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA, Tel: +1-617-253-7516, Fax: +1-617-253-7475, E-mail: gtucker@mit.edu

H25   Remote Sensing and Land Surface Hydrology
Recent advances in ground, aircraft and satellite remote sensing techniques have provided hydrologists with new and unique views of land surface hydrological processes. This session seeks to present recent results in land surface hydrology that incorporate remote sensing. Satellite data can be utilized by land surface hydrological models as input and/or validation and/or assimilation. The hydrological processes include (but are not limited to) soil moisture, evapotranspiration, runoff, and streamflow. Papers dealing with retrieval algorithms for aircraft and satellites, field experimentation, and small to global scale hydrologic modeling are solicited.

Conveners: Venkat Lakshmi, 910.4 NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, Tel: +1-301-286-9040, Fax: +1-301-286-1757, E-mail: venkat@spectra.gsfc.nasa.gov; and Thomas J. Jackson, USDA ARS Hydrology Lab, 104 Bldg 007 BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA, Tel: +1-301-504-8511, Fax: +1-301-504-8931, E-mail: tjackson@hydrolab.arsusda.gov

H26   Watershed Hydrology: Processes, Modeling, and Policy
This special session covers the general theme of watershed hydrology and is open to all of those conducting studies in forested, agricultural and urban watershed systems. Studies that combine process understanding with modeling and/or policy implications are especially encouraged, although presentations dealing with any one of these aspects are invited.

Convener: Jeffrey J. McDonnell, SUNY-ESF, 1 Forestry Dr., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA, E-mail: jemcdonn@mailbox.syr.edu

H27   Towards Improved Incorporation of Hydrologic Research Into Water Management Practices and Policies
Transfer of research results and products to routine application, management practices, or policies can be a long and frustrating process, with many barriers along the way. The purpose of this special session is to improve understanding by the hydrologic and water resources communities of the opportunities for and constraints to improved use of their research. This session will consist of several presentations by invited speakers on (1) the growing importance of 'management and policy relevance of research projects within ongoing and planned large hydrologic research programs, (2) institutional and bureaucratic realities that affect incorporation of research products into management practices and policies, and (3) case study experiences, both rewarding and frustrating, in transferring hydrologic research and technology to resource managers and policy makers. The session will include significant time for discussion.

Conveners: Holly C. Hartmann, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, PO Box 210011, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA, Tel: +1-520-621-3973, Fax: +1-520-621-1422, E-mail: hollyh@hwr.arizona.edu; and Miguel A. Marino, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Davis, Tel: +1-530-752-0684, Fax: +1-530-752-5262, E-mail: mamarino@ucdavis.edu

H28   Climate Variability and Flood Risk Assessment
This session challenges the value of hydrologic analyses based on the operational assumption of stationary climate for water management decision making based on recent case study evidence. Presentations relating to climatic factors as well as decisions under nonstationarity are solicited.

Convener: Bill Werick, Institute for Water Resources, Casey Building, 7701 Telegraph Road, Alexandria, VA 22315-3868 USA, Tel: +1-703-428-9055, Fax: +1-703-428-8171, E-mail: William.J.Werick@WRC01.USACE.ARMY.MIL

OS01   Coastal Storms and Their Impacts
THIS SPECIAL SESSION HAS BEEN CANCELED.

Convener:

OS02   Foraminiferal and Ostracode Shell Chemistry: Innovations and Applications to Paleoclimatology
Nowadays, there is an accrued interest in combining stable isotopes and trace elements in biogenic carbonates aiming at reconstructing past environmental conditions. Experts on marine and non-marine environments have worked separately and have used the geochemical signals for different purposes. Different approaches, procedures have frequently been taken separately. The proposed session is to bring both groups of experts together to learn from one another's techniques and ideas, and also to agree on standardized approaches and communication. The three proposed session chairs have a combination of expertise in both the marine and non-marine environments and the geochemistry of biogenic carbonates, and feel confident to be able to attract the vital participation for the session that will help advance our knowledge in environmental chemistry. NOTE: As an introduction to this special session, a pre-meeting workshop will be held in Boston on Monday, May 31 on the topic of Ostracode Shell Geochemistry. Please click here or contact one of the conveners below for details.

Conveners: Patrick DeDeckker, E-mail: Patrick.DeDeckker@anu.edu.au; Thomas Cronin, USGS, Mail Stop 955 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA, Tel: +1-703-648-6363, Fax: +1-703-648-6032, E-mail: tcronin@usgs.gov; and Jonathan Holmes, Kingston, UK, E-mail: j.holmes@kingston.ac.uk

OS03   Bed Form Processes and Patterns (Joint with H)
Bedforms generated in noncohesive sediments in nearshore and continental shelf environments in the ocean, and in fluvial and eolian environments on land, display a rich variety of patterns and development histories. Despite major differences in the characteristics of the fluid forcing in these environments (air versus water, unidirectional versus oscillatory flow), there are many striking similarities in the patterns observed, suggesting some commonality in the formative processes. This special session is intended to be a continuing forum for sediment dynamics researchers from oceanic and terrestrial Earth science disciplines to develop an improved perspective on all aspects of bedform mechanics, migration, and evolution. Papers are sought on any aspect of the role of near-bed flow and sediment transport in the development and evolution of bedforms and bedform patterns. Papers may describe field or laboratory observations, including newly developed observational techniques, as well as theoretical and computational approaches to bedform mechanics and patterns.

Conveners: Tom Drake, North Carolina State University; E-mail: drake@ncsu.edu and Alex Hay, Dalhousie University

OS04   Late Quaternary Sea Level Change and Coastal Evolution
On low-gradient continental margins, deglacial sea-level rise has been the driving force behind large-scale coastal evolution such as the formation and migration of barrier islands and estuarine environments across the shelf, as well as sediment sources, sinks, and dispersal pathways on the presently drowned margins. The response of coastal plain shelves to such changes, however, is poorly understood because: (1) much of the stratigraphic record is destroyed by transgression or only partially preserved on the shelf; (2) shelves have undergone multiple episodes of transgression and regression, leaving a generally reworked, lithologically indistinct record; and (3) new data concerning episodic sea level rise events have not been integrated into models of coastal plain evolution. The history of coastal change resulting from late Quaternary sea level rise also furnishes a framework for understanding the potential form and magnitude of future coastal evolution related to sea level rise. Contributions are sought on any aspect of late Quaternary sea level change and coastal evolution in continental margin environments. Papers may describe field or laboratory observations, as well as theoretical and computational approaches to the topic.

Conveners: Rob Thieler, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Field Center; E-mail: rthieler@usgs.gov; John Anderson, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Rice University; E-mail: johna@rice.edu; and Dan Belknap, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Maine; E-mail: belknap@maine.maine.edu

OS05   Physical Processes in Estuaries and Inner Shelf
This session is intended to be a forum for the presentation of work on the physics of the shallow regions of the oceans. Theoretical and observational work which elucidates the physics of surface gravity waves, tides, wind, and buoyancy driven circulation, and interactions among these are appropriate. The emphasis on "processes" in this session is intended to complement sessions that focus on particular study sites and programs.

Convener: James O'Donnell, University of Connecticut, E-mail: odonnell@uconnvm.uconn.edu

OS06   Recent Advances in Underwater Vehicle Technology
High resolution oceanographic measurements are required to study small-scale processes especially in near surface, near bottom, or coastal waters. In addition to discrete bottle sampling, real-time instrument packages with continuous three-dimensional measurement capabilities have begun to emerge. This session will focus on the current state-of-the-art autonomous and towed vehicles and their associated instrument packages designed for oceanographic research and monitoring. Presentations on systems, sensors, and applications from manufacturers, governmental agencies, and academia are welcome.

Conveners: Robert F. Chen, E-mail: bob.chen@umb.edu; and G. Bernard Gardner, E-mail: gardner@umbsky.cc.umb.edu

OS07   Melt Migration Mechanisms in the Upper Mantle and Lower Crust
THIS SPECIAL SESSION HAS BEEN CHANGED. IT IS NOW SPONSORED BY THE TECTONOPHYSICS SECTION, JOINTLY WITH OCEAN SCIENCES AND VOLCANOLOGY, GOECHEMISTRY, AND PETROLOGY. PLEASE SUBMIT YOUR ABSTRACTS TO SPECIAL SESSION T18.

Convener:

OS08   Coastal Wave Breaking, Bubbles, and Sprays
The main theme of this session is the complex phenomena of wave-breaking processes in the near-shore including surfzones, and their significant consequences such as air entrainment, bubble generation/distributions, and spray generation that further leads to salt-particle aerosol production in the lower marine boundary layer. The acoustical, optical, and electrical effects of these bubbles and aerosols shall be included too. Both field measurement results and numerical/theoretical modelling of these dynamical problems are welcome.

Conveners: Ming-Yang Su,Naval Research Laboratory; E-mail: su@nrlssc.navy.mil

OS09   Human Response to Global Change: The Past as a Guide to the Future
The convener will give a talk on Bronze Age Volcanism and Its Impact on Human Economies and Culture: Santorini as a Case Study. He will try to find half a dozen other case studies ranging from Napoleon's futile march in Russia, to the Little Ice Age, to the collapse of the Mayans and the Akkadian civilization, and even to the origin of farming in the Younger Dryas and to the appearance of humans in East Africa.

Convener: William Ryan. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, E-mail: billr@ldeo.columbia.edu

OS10   Atlantic Circulation and Climate Experiment (ACCE)
The Atlantic Circulation and Climate Experiment (ACCE) represents the last field phase of WOCE. The objectives of ACCE are (1) to provide a four-dimensional observational description of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) within the North Atlantic Ocean and (2) to improve understanding and modeling of the relationships between the MOC, internal ocean properties, sea surface temperature and the variability of the overlying atmosphere. Observationally, ACCE includes a basinwide deployment of Profiling ALACE and RAFOS floats and hydrographic sections. Regional and global modeling studies will provide the dynamical framework needed to analyze the in situ data. >Convener: > >

Conveners: Robert L. Molinari, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149 USA; Tel: +1-305-361-4344; Fax: +1-305-361-4392; E-mail: molinari@aoml.noaa.gov

OS11   Paleoceanography of the South Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean (ODP Leg 177 and Related Studies)
We propose a session focusing on paleoceanographic change in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean on time scales ranging from millennia to millions of years. Of all the sectors of the Southern Ocean, the South Atlantic is perhaps the most tightly coupled to high-latitude North Atlantic climate change because of its geographic proximity and the fact that it represents the initial entry point of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) into the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The session will be an opportunity to present some of the first results of ODP Leg 177 and associated piston cores collected during site survey cruises. We also welcome related investigations based on other piston core and/or DSDP-ODP material from the region. Anticipated topics include millennial-scale climate variability in the Southern Ocean, marine sediment-ice core correlations, high-resolution Plio-Pleistocene paleoceanography, Cenozoic evolution of the southern high latitudes, early low-temperature silica diagenesis, genesis and distribution of diatom mats, and improved stratigraphic correlation tools (biostratigraphy, magnetic paleointensity and reversal stratigraphy, etc.).

Conveners: Leg 177 co-chief scientists: Rainer Gersonde, Alfred-Wegener Institut fur Polar- und Meeresforschung, Postfach 120161, D-27515, Bremerhaven, Germany, E-mail: rgersonde@awi-bremerhaven.de; and David Hodell, Department of Geology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117340, Gainesville, FL 32611-7340, USA, E-mail: hodell@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu, http://ess.geology.ufl.edu/hodell/hodell.html

OS12   Estuarine Exchange, Transformations, and Trapping
This session will examine recent developments in estuarine science. Estuaries are characterized by an intense interaction of the physical, geochemical and geological processes which control the transport, transformation and fate of dissolved and particulate materials. In addition to the intrinsic interest in understanding these processes, the fact that most estuaries are subject to significant anthropogenic impacts lends great practical importance to that understanding. Papers describing field studies, numerical models or laboratory experiments are welcome.

Conveners: Bernie Gardner, Department of Environmental, Coastal and Ocean Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA; Tel: +1-617-287-7451; Fax: +1-617-287-7474; E-mail: bernie.gardner@umb.edu; Rocky Geyer, Mail Stop 12, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; Tel: +1-508-289-2868; Fax: +1-508-457-2194; E-mail: rgeyer@whoi.edu and Gail C. Kineke, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA; Tel: +1-617-552-3655; Fax: +1-617-552-2462; E-mail: kinekeg@bc.edu

OS13   Complex Patterns of Climate Change During the Pleistocene-Holocene: New Insight Into Mechanisms of Past Climate Variability?
Ice core and marine sediment paleoclimate records have suggested inherent, regional-scale leads and lags in climate changes accompanying shifts between orbital-scale glacial-interglacial states. More recently, well-dated records have documented similar, regionally complex climate patterns on much shorter millennial-scales in the Atlantic and other oceans. An ongoing debate has developed over whether these complex patterns reflect a lead-lag relation or an anti-phased relation among the climate system's responses to forcing. Indeed, ocean model experiments suggest that SST anomalies forced by rapid changes in North Atlantic deep water production/export could be in-phase in some places and anti-phased in other places. Together, these new paleoceanographic and modeling results suggest that the millennial-scale climate episodes of the Pleistocene and Holocene have spatially variable warming and cooling signatures and that these signatures may shed new light on mechanisms that drive the climate system. This session solicits papers describing new data and modeling results which address the general topic of late Pleistocene-Holocene climate changes and their spatial signatures for all ocean basins, related time-scales and phasings, and ocean/climate model experiments which investigate possible mechanisms of change.

Conveners: Gerard C. Bond, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Rt. 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA, Tel: +1-914-365-8478, Fax: +1-914-365-8154, E-mail: gcb@ldeo.columbia.edu; and Peter B. deMenocal, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, E-mail: peter@ldeo.columbia.edu

OS14   Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology: Observations and Models
This session seeks contributed papers on all topics within the fields of paleoceanography and paleoclimatology. Studies focusing on any combination of data interpretation, proxy calibration, and modeling are welcome. Spatial scales of interest for this session will include regional- and basinal-scale to global, while temporal scales of interest will range from the Holocene to the Precambrian.

Convener: Larry C. Peterson, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA, Tel: +1-305-361-4692, Fax: +1-305-361-4632, E-mail: lpeterson@rsmas.miami.edu

P01   The Near-Earth Asteroid Rendevous Mission: A First Look at 433 Eros
NEAR is scheduled to enter orbit around the asteroid 433 Eros in early January 1999. This session will present the initial scientific results derived from early approach and orbital observations of Eros. Presentations will include geologic, geophysical, and compositional results derived from the MultiSpectral Imager, Near Infrared Spectrometer, Laser Altimeter, Magnetometer, X-ray/Gamma-ray Spectrometer, and Radio Science investigations. Plans for continued observations during the year-long NEAR mission will also be described.

Conveners: Noam Izenberg, JHU/APL, Tel: +1-240-228-7918, E-mail: izenberg@jhuapl.edu; and Jim Bell, Cornell, +1-607-255-5911, E-mail: jfb8@cornell.edu

P02   Latest Results From Mars Global Surveyor
Mars Global Surveyor will complete the aerobraking phase of its mission by mid-spring 1999. The aerobraking phase includes two science phasing orbit periods during which extensive science observations were obtained. Mapping observations will follow the aerobraking period and will extent over approximately two Earth years to observe over one full Mars year. Latest results from analysis of data from the aerobraking and mapping phases of the mission will be presented, focusing on imaging and infrared spectroscopy of the atmosphere and surface, laser-based altimetric measurements, magnetometer and electron refelctometer observations, and radio science measurements that pertain to the atmosphere and gravitational field.

Conveners: Ray Arvidson, Washington U., Tel: +1-314-935-5609, E-mail: arvidson@wunder.wustl.edu; and Arden Albee, Caltech, Tel: +1-626-395-6367, E-mail: aalbee@cco.caltech.edu

P03   The Earth in Context: Why Are Our Neighboring Planets So Different?
Papers in this session will focus on why the terrestrial planets turned out so different from each other and especially Earth. Key questions are: To what extent do initial composition and distance from a star govern how a planet turns out? How are changes in atmosphere and geology of planets linked? How large a role do chance events play in determining the fates of planets? Can we predict which evolutionary paths lead to habitable worlds? Presentations should focus on what we know now and what key observations are required to make further progress on these questions.

Conveners: Ellen R. Stofan, MS183-501, JPL, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA, E-mail: ellen.r.stofan@jpl.nasa.gov; and Roger Phillips, Dept. Earth & Planetary Sci., Box 1169, 1 Brookings Dr., Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA, E-mail: phillips@wustite.wustl.edu

S01   Case Studies of the July 9, 1997, Cariaco Earthquake, Eastern Venezuela
We solicit contributions to a session devoted to the July 9, 1997, Mw 6.9, Cariaco earthquake, the strongest earthquake in eastern Venezuela in this century and the most damaging Venezuelan earthquake during the last 30 years. The main shock ruptured a segment of the El Pilar fault, one of the principal displacement surfaces of the eastern Caribbean-South America plate boundary zone. Recurrence is likely given the frequency of past ruptures (1530, 1684, 1853 and 1929). Thus study of the 1997 earthquake offers important opportunities to forecast future seismotectonics and seismic hazard of this populous region. Presentations of seismological, geological, geodetic, paleoseismic and engineering geology studies of the event and its many aftershocks, or related studies of the active tectonics of the eastern Caribbean-South America plate boundary zone are welcome.

Conveners: Ray Russo, Department of Geological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA, Tel: +1-847-491-7383 or +1-847-491-3238, Fax: +1-847-491-8060, E-mail: ray@earth.nwu.edu; and Michael Schmitz, FUNVISIS, Venezuelan Foundation for Seismological Research, Apartado 76880, Caracas 1070A, Venezuela, Tel: +58 2 2577672, Fax: +58 2 2579860, E-mail: mschmitz@funvisis.internet.ve

S02   Seismic Scattering in the Lower Mantle: What Does It Tell Us About Lower Mantle Processes?
Seismological studies have recently found localized regions in Earth's lower mantle that generate large amounts of body-wave scattering, which suggests that substantial changes in material properties occur over relatively small distances. Mantle tomography provides evidence for large scale flow in the mantle, but the tomography models do not show simple flow patterns connecting upper and basal mantle structures. During this session, we wish to review current seismic observations of lower mantle structures, focusing mainly on scattering in the lower mantle, and investigate how these observations help constrain other geophysical models, including mantle flow patterns, chemical and thermal models, the dynamics of mixing, and geochemical reservoirs.

Conveners: John Castle, University of Washington, GEOPHYSICS Box 351650, Seattle, WA 98195-1650, USA, Tel: +1-206-543-6626, Fax: +1-206-543-0489, E-mail: castle@geophys.washington.edu; and Michael Hedlin, IGPP 0225, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225, USA, Tel: +1-619-534-8773, Fax: +1-619-534-2260, E-mail: mhedlin@eos.ucsd.edu

S03   Seismic Structure and Dynamics of Continental Lithosphere
The goal of this session is to better resolve the origin and evolution of the continental lithosphere by combining seismic imaging of the subcontinental crust and mantle, geoid, gravity, and dynamic topography data, and geodynamical models. Issues of particular interest include the depth, temperature, composition, and rheology of the mantle roots/keels observed beneath continents to depths of more than 250 km, the mechanical and thermal evolution of continental lithosphere, lithospheric modification by orogenic processes, and the role of continental lithosphere in mantle convection. Contributions from petrology and geochemistry which provide constraints on the evolution of continental lithosphere, for instance pressure-temperature conditions in the lithosphere and source characteristics/histories of crustal melt production, are also encouraged.

Conveners: Karen M. Fischer, Dept. of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA, Tel: +1-401-863-1360, Fax: +1-401-863-2058, E-mail: karen@emma.geo.brown.edu; and Christopher R. Kincaid, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA, Tel: +1-401-874-6571, E-mail: kincaid@lighthouse.gso.uri.edu

S04   Upper Mantle Discontinuities: Seismic Observations and Laboratory Constraints
Velocity discontinuities are enjoying renewed interest from different lines of research, and this session will concern the interaction of high-pressure laboratory measurements and seismic observations to improve our understanding of mantle discontinuities. Seismic images from both global studies and regional PASSCAL experiments provide new constraints on the deep structure beneath continents, ridges, plumes, and old oceans. Meanwhile, petrologic models of mantle compostion in combination experimental variables yield predictions of seismic velocity and density structure which can be compared with actual observations. With so many seismic observations at hand for upper mantle discontinuities we are poised to more rigorously test hypotheses about the mineralogy of the upper mantle. Papers providing seismic observations of the depth, sharpness, velocity and impedance contrast, and topography on discontinuties are welcome. We also invite reports from high-pressure experiments on phase boundaries, kinetics, thermodynamic, and elastic properties of candidate mantle mineral assemblages. This session hopes to deepen the dialog between the seismology and mineral physics communities with ultimate goal of constructing unified density and seismic velocity models as functions of the thermal structure of mantle.

Conveners: M.P. Flanagan, IGPP-0225, Scripps Inst. Ocean., UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0225, USA, Tel: +1-619-534-8202, Fax: +1-619-534-5332, E-mail: megan@mahi.ucsd.edu; and S. Chevrot, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science, Rm 54-520, Tel: +1-617-253-0786, E-mail: chevrot@quake.mit.edu

S05   Fault Mechanics (Joint with T)
THIS SPECIAL SESSION HAS BEEN CANCELED. PLEASE SEE SPECIAL SESSION T15.

Convener:

SA01   The Mesosphere/Lower Thermosphere Region: Structure, Dynamics, Composition, and Emission (Joint with A)
The mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) region between about 80 and 150 km altitude hosts a complex interplay between radiative processes, chemistry, wave dissipation and turbulence, nonlinear dynamics and electrodynamics. This session is a forum wherein ground- and space-based measurements, theory and modeling results covering all aspects of MLT structure, dynamics, composition and emissions are solicited for presentation. The range of potential topics includes, but is not limited to: heat sources, radiative cooling and thermal structure; tides, planetary waves and gravity waves; wave-wave and wave-mean flow interactions; dynamical effects on minor species distributions and emission variations; neutral and ionized metallic layering phenomena; chemical effects of particle precipitation; electrojet studies.

Conveners: Jeffrey M. Forbes, Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, Campus Box 429, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0429 USA; Tel: +1-303-492-4359; Fax: +1-303-492-7881, E-mail: forbes@zeke.Colorado.EDU; and Maura E. Hagan, High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA

SA02   Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Coupling (Joint with SM)
The ionosphere and magnetosphere are strongly coupled via electric fields, particle precipitation, field-aligned currents, and heat flows. During geomagnetic storms and substorms, the enhancements in the magnetospheric electric fields and particle precipitation result in enhanced ionospheric convection speeds, plasma conductivities, Joule heating rates, auroral energization processes, and ion outflows. The changes in the ionosphere then affect the magnetosphere. For example, the conductivity changes act to modify the magnetospheric current system and the ion outflows are a significant source of magnetospheric plasma. These coupling phenomena are also known to operate on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, from meters to global scales and from microseconds to decades. Papers are solicited that pertain to global coupled models, models that couple the microphysics to global dynamics, auroral energization processes, and measurements of the important magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling parameters.

Conveners: Robert W. Schunk, Utah State University, Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Logan, UT 84322-4405 USA; Tel: +1-435-797-2978; Fax: 1-435-797 -2992; E-mail: schunk@cc.usu.edu and Michael A. Heinemann, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB,MA 01731-5000 USA; Tel: +1-781-377-2434; Fax: +1-781-377-3160; E-mail: heinemann@am.plh.af.mil.

SA03   Atomic and Molecular Processes in the Upper Atmosphere and Ionosphere of the Earth and Other Planets (Joint with P)
This session will be devoted to studies of atomic and molecular processes and their application to the interpretation of phenomena occuring in the upper atmospheres and ionospheres of the Earth and planets, and in the cometary coma.

Conveners: Alexander Dalgarno, Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr for Astronomy and Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138-3800 USA; Tel: +1-617-495-4403; Fax: +1-617-495-5970; E-mail: adalgarno@cfa.harvard.edu and Jane L. Fox, Dept. of Physics, Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH 45435 USA; Tel: +1-516-632-8317

SA04   Large-Scale Ionosphere Structure and Dynamics (Joint with G)
The prompt determination of global and regional-scale ionospheric characteristics is a significant goal of the Space Weather program. Coordinated observations of the large-scale ionosphere are made on a regular basis by the international array of incoherent scatter radars, the constellation of GPS satellites and ground stations, a widespread network of ionosondes, and related techniques. Data assimilation and modeling efforts interpolate and extend the observational database to provide a predictive capability, while campaigns and event-studies address the processes involved and the coupling to the magnetosphere and neutral atmosphere. This session will focus on observations, modeling, and interpretation of large and meso-scale (50 km) ionospheric struture and dynamics, particularly in disturbed conditions, and their significance with regards to Space Weather effects.

Convener: John C. Foster, MIT Haystack Observatory, Off Route 40, Westford, MA 01886, Tel: +1-781-981-5621, Fax: +1-781-981-5766, E-mail: jcf@haystack.mit.edu

SA05   Current Understanding of the Upper Atmospheres, Ionospheres and Solar Wind Interaction Regions of Mars and Venus (Joint with P)
The recent observations by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGO) spacecraft and the imminent arrival of the Nozomi mission at Mars is generating new interest in the aeronomy of Mars and given their similarities also that of Venus. The purpose of this session is to encourage scientists to present new observational information regarding these planets and the latest, related theoretical model studies. A limited number of review presentations, summarizing current understanding, will also be given.

Conveners: Koichiro Tsuruda, Planetary Science Division, ISAS, 3-1-1, Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-0022, Japan, Tel: +81 427 59 8185, Fax: +81 427 59 8456, E-mail: tsuruda@stp.isas.ac.jp; and Andrew. F. Nagy, Department of Atmospheric Ocean and Space Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, Tel: +1-734-764-6592, Fax: +1-734-647-3083, E-mail: anagy@umich.edu

SA06   Strategic Planning for Space Physics and Aeronomy (Joint with SH, SM, P)
Contributed and invited papers will address the future of Space Physics and Aeronomy including the scientific challenges and mission concepts needed to meet those challenges in the next millenium. Submission of papers that explore specific mission concepts, describe new instrumental approaches and examine the implication of new emerging technologies intended to advance space science in the first decade and beyond are encouraged.

Conveners: G. L. Withbroe, Sun-Earth Connections Theme Director, NASA Headquarters, Code SA, 300 E Street SW, Washington, DC, USA, Tel: +1-202-358-2150, E-mail: gwithbro@mail.hq.nasa.gov; and Keith Strong, Lockheed Martin ATC Solar & Astrophysics Lab., Dept. H1-12, Bldg. 252, 3251 Hanover St., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA, Tel: +1-650-354-5136, E-mail: keith.strong@lmco.com

SA07   Low-Latitude Dynamics and Irregularity Formation Processes: Memorial Session for Dr. Edward J. Weber
The equatorial F-region ionosphere, which extends from an altitude of 150 km to over a thousand kilometers, and spans a magnetic latitude interval of 20 deg.north and south, is unique from a global perspective. In the equatorial region, the electron density reaches its maximum global value, the electron density gradients are most pronounced and the ionospheric irregularities that form at night are most intense. As a result, communication, navigation and radar systems are maximally stressed in this region. Even after two decades of intensive investigations by theoretical and experimental geophysicists, the space-time variability of both the background ionosphere and the turbulent nighttime ionosphere remains an outstanding problem. This session welcomes observational and theoretical papers which address the complex dynamics of the low latitude ionosphere, irregularity formation mechanisms, neutral atmosphere coupling, and related phenomena that contribute to the generation and evolution of severe equatorial disturbances.

Conveners: Keith Groves, Air Force Research Laboratory/VSBI, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731-3010 USA, Tel: +1-781-377-3137, Fax: +1-781-377-3550, E-mail: groves@plh.af.mil; and Santimay Basu, Air Force Research Laboratory/VSBI, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731-3010 USA, Tel: +1-202-404-4384, Fax: +1-202-767-0631, E-mail: basu@ppd.nrl.navy.mil

SH01   Multispacecraft Determination of Solar Wind Scales
The large number of spacecraft measuring the solar wind at widely-separated regions of the heliosphere and various space weather research initiatives have sparked interest in the size and evolution of solar wind structure at both large and small scales. Results are beginning to provide constraints on characteristics of the solar wind sources and their evolution as well as testing the accuracy of upstream monitors for space weather prediction. We solicit papers which use multispacecraft analyses to address these issues on either large or small scales.

Conveners: John Richardson, Alan Lazarus, and Karolen Paularena, M.I.T., Tel: +1-617-253-6112, Fax: +1-617-253-0861, E-mail: jdr@space.mit.edu; and John Steinberg, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Tel: +1-505-667-5308, Fax: +1-505-665-7395, E-mail: jsteinberg@lanl.gov

SH02   Abundance Variations of Solar Energetic Particles and the Solar Wind
The sun contains the bulk of solar system material, and spacecraft can directly sample this material with observations of solar energetic particles and the solar wind. New space-based measurements with high time resolution are providing evidence for substantial variability in the elemental and isotopic compositions of solar energetic particles and of the solar wind. Understanding this variability is crucial in determining how these samples originate from the sun's reservoir of relatively unfractionated material. The papers in this session will not only highlight the increased capabilities to observe and characterize these variations with instruments on spacecraft such as ACE, SOHO, Ulysses, and Wind, but will also present theoretical interpretations and consequences of this variability.

Conveners: Joe Mazur, The Aerospace Corporation, M2/259, 2350 El Segundo Blvd., El Segundo, CA 90245-4691, USA, Tel: +1-310-336-2389, Fax: +1-310-563-3165, E-mail: joseph.mazur@aero.org; Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland, Tel: (+) 41 31 631 44 20, Fax: (+) 41 31 631 44 05, E-mail: robert.wimmer@phim.unibe.ch; and Rick Leske, California Institute of Technology, M/C 220-47, Downs Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, Tel: +1-626-395-8400, Fax: +1-626-449-8676, E-mail: ral@citsrl.srl.caltech.edu

SM01   IMPACT! - Education and Public Outreach in SPA: Outcomes, Assessment, and Opportunities (Joint with SA and SH)
Over the past several years, SPA scientists have continued to increase their efforts in the education (K-Undergraduate) and public outreach (EPO)arena. These activities have been encouraged by national programs particularly relevant to SPA: the multiagency National Space Weather Program (NSWP) and the NASA Office of Space Science Education Strategy, as implemented through the Sun-Earth Connection program. As our EPO efforts mature, it becomes important for participating scientists to highlight the outcomes of their EPO projects. This special session will focus on these outcomes, both in terms of the resources and partnerships that have been developed, and evaluations of the effectiveness of these activities on their target audiences - the general public, educators, students, and the media. What EPO resources have been developed? What lessons have been learned about what works and what doesn't in EPO development efforts? How is the general public affected? How are teachers and students utilizing the resources and partnerships that we have developed? What information do we have about the impact of these resources and partnerships on the understanding and appreciation of SPA science? What evaluation methods are used and how well do they work? Descriptions of new projects which have not yet reached the point where evaluation and outcomes can be measured are also encouraged. Contributions describing funding and collaboration opportunities for SPA scientists are also welcomed. An oral session with invited and contributed speakers and a poster session are planned.

Conveners: R. M. Johnson, Space Physics Research Laboratory, The University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143 USA; Tel: +1-734-647-3430; Fax: +1-734-763-0437; E-mail: rmjohnsn@umich.edu; M. J. Carlowicz, Code 695, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Tel: +1-301-286-6353; Fax: +1-301-286-0264; E-mail: mcarlowi@pop600.gsfc.nasa.gov; J. Thieman, Code 633, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, phone: 301 286 9790, fax: 301 286 1771, email: thieman@nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.

SM02   New Perspectives in Dynamics and Coupling in Inner Magnetospheric Physics
As solar maximum approaches we are faced with increasingly frequent solar events such as Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and the geomagnetic storms they cause. A substantial fraction of the energy incident from the solar wind during storms is converted to the high-energy portion of the particle distribution and manifested in the inner magnetosphere as enhanced ring current injections and relativistic electrons. Energetic particle acceleration and transport thus represent a key component of understanding magnetospheric dynamics. Recent modeling, theory and observations all indicate that the ring current and radiation belts are highly dynamic and are coupled in ways that are not easily predicted from standard diffusion. Relativistic electrons appear to require some preconditioning before their final energization to populate the radiation belts. In at least some circumstances, strong interplanetary shocks can stimulate prompt generation of new radiation belts. Ultimately, the temporal and spatial configuration of the electric and magnetic fields govern the motion of charged particles so a complete understanding of high energy particle source mechanisms necessarily requires a global view of the inner magnetospheric electrodynamics. With the availability of multiple satellites and new, more advanced detectors and advances in modeling and simulation capabilities we are in the best position ever to tackle outstanding issues in the inner magnetosphere including: global electric and magnetic field changes, enhanced wave activity during storm times, and energization and transport of charged particles. This session invites papers on dynamic modeling, multi-point observations, solar wind correlations particularly on the differences and commonalties among storms that are driven by different solar wind conditions, and new theoretical developments on the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere, ring current and radiation belts.

Conveners: Brian J. Anderson, The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD, 20723-6099, phone: 240-228-6347, email: brian.anderson@jhuapl.edu; Anthony A. Chan, Department of Space Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, phone: 713-527-8101, email: anthony-chan@rice.edu; Xinlin Li, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, 1234 Innovation Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, phone: 303-492-3514, email: lix@kitron.colorado.edu

SM03   Probing Magnetic Storm and Substorm Connections With Global Imaging
Study of magnetospheric storms has necessarily proceeded by piecemeal until the recent past due to limited in situ and remote observations. The increased use of global auroral images from space based platforms, along with the multiplatform correlative in situ observations that characterize the ISTP era, provides new opportunities to order storm time morphology and to probe the momentum and energy transfer between regions of geospace. This is critical to understanding the connections between various regions of geospace (including the ionosphere) and to understanding the source of magnetic storms and substorms. Papers relating observational studies and/or theoretical modeling are solicited that address use global imaging and multipoint measurements to probe magnetic storm and substorm processes.

Conveners: Jim Spann, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Code ES83, Huntsville, AL 35803, phone: (256)544-5339, fax: (256)544-5244, email: jim.spann@msfc.nasa.gov; Mitch Brittnacher, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, , phone: (206)616-5796, fax: (206)685-3815, email: britt@geophys.washington.edu; Glynn Germany, Center for Space Physics and Aeronomy Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, phone: (256)890-5129, fax: (256)890-6575 , email: germany@cspar.uah.edu

SM04   Equatorial ISTP Science and Equator-S
The equatorial region of the magnetosphere is not only the center of radiation belt, ring current, and plasma sheet and thus the source of many geophysical and geomagnetic phenomena, it is also a prominent region in solar wind-magnetosphere interaction, e.g. for reconnection, boundary layer formation, pressure pulse trans- mission, loss of magnetospheric plasma etc. The Equator-S mission was specifically designed to cover the equatorial regions of the outer magnetosphere and its boundaries for the global ISTP science. Other low-latitude contributors are the Geotail spacecraft and several geostationary satellites. High-latitude ground-based facilities are magnetically conjugate to the distant equatorial magnetosphere. The proposal session will focus on multipoint observations pertaining to equatorial plasma phenomena and their dynamics, but single-point studies will also be welcome.

Conveners: G. Haerendel, Max-Planck-Institut fuer extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, 85740 Garching, Germany, phone: 49-89-3299-3516, fax: 49-89-3299-3351, email: hae@mpe.mpg.de; and G. Parks, University of Washington, Geophysics, Box 351650, Seattle, WA 98195-1650, phone: 206-543-0953, fax: 206-685-3815, email: parks@geophys.washington.edu.

SM05   Self-Organized Criticality in Space Plasma Processes (Joint with SA and SH)
The concept of self-organized criticality was first introduced by Bak et al. in 1987 to explain the invariant properties of complex dynamical systems far from equilibrium. They demonstrated that for inhomogeneous dissipative driven systems with many metastable states, the natural outcome would be a self-organized critical state without intrinsic length and time scales. In the space environment, observations are generally sporadic, localized and nonlinear. Wave turbulence there is usually intermittent and inhomogeneous, and the associated wave-particle interactions are commonly nonlocal. These are the general characteristics of self-organized criticality. Examples include the magnetotail and magnetopause, the solar wind, solar flares, and wave turbulence in the auroral region. Papers are invited on observational, theoretical, and modeling aspects of space plasma processes where the phenomena can be interpretated in terms of dynamical systems near self-organized criticality.

Conveners: Tom Chang, Center for Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 37-261, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, phone: 617 253 7523, fax: 617 253 0861, email: tsc@space.mit.edu; Sandra Chapman, Physics Department, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK, phone: 44 (0)1203 523390, fax: 44 (0) 1203 692016, email: sandra.chapman@astro.warwick.ac.uk; and Alex Klimas, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20770, phone: 301 286 3682, fax: 301 286 1683, email: alex@bokeh.gsfc.nasa.gov

SM06   Space Weather - Observations, Models, and Products (Joint with SA and SH)
Space weather is a rapidly evolving discipline tying the science of solar-terrestrial physics together with technological applications both in space and on ground. Future space weather activities will require continuous observations spanning from the sun to the surface of the earth and considerable progress in model development where it is not sufficient to illustrate the basic physics but also achieve high level of detail accuracy. Final products of space weather include warnings, forecasts, environmental specifications, and models for space engineering. What the future success products will finally be, is yet largely unknown, but most likely they will be highly tailored to meet the needs of specific users. Papers are invited on space weather observations, state of the art model development, and potentially useful space weather products.

Conveners: H. E. J. Koskinen, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O.Box 503, FIN-00101, Helsinki, Finland, tel: +358-9-1929 4639, fax: +358-9 1929 4603, e-mail: Hannu.Koskinen@fmi.fi; D. N. Baker, LASP, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA, tel: 303-492-4509, fax: 303-492-6444, e-mail: baker@orion.colorado.edu; D. H. Boteler, Geomagnetic Laboratory, Geological Survey of Canada, 7 Observatory Cres., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y3, Canada, e-mail: Boteler@Geolab.nrcan.gc.ca; R. Schwenn, Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie, D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, fax: +49-5556 979 240, e-mail: Schwenn@linax1.mpae.gwdg.de

T01   Fault Interactions Over the Earthquake Cycle: Observations, Experiments, and Theory (Joint with S and G)
This session will take a broad, inter-disciplinary look at fault interactions over the earthquake cycle. Recent geodetic and seismic observations, together with theoretical developments, suggest that faults interact over co-, post-, and inter-seismic time scales. Mechanisms for these interactions include viscous flow and relaxation, fluid flow within and around fault zones (such as around overlapping fault segments), static Coulomb stress interactions, time-dependent interactions arising from rate and state-dependent frictional constitutive laws, and dynamic strains. Contributions from a wide range of disciplines linking observations to experiments, models, and theory are invited.

Conveners: Mousumi Roy, University of New Mexico, Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Northrop Hall, Rm. 147, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1116 USA, Tel: +1-505-277-4148, Fax: +1-505-277-8843, E-mail: mroy@unm.edu; and Roland Burgmann, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 385 McCone Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767, USA, Tel: +1-510- 643-9545, Fax: +1-510-643-9980, E-mail: burgmann@seismo.berkeley.edu

T02   The Earliest Magmatism of the Circum-Atlantic Large Igneous Province (Joint with OS and V)
One of Earth's most extensive large igneous provinces (LIPs) is the zone of late Paleozoic (?) to Middle Mesozoic mafic magmatism (dikes, flows, and crustal underplates) that surrounds the North and Central Atlantic in and adjacent to North America, northeastern South America, western Africa, and Iberia. In recent years, a number of developments have both expanded estimates of the size of this now-rifted LIP and suggested a geologically instantaneous emplacement history. Taken together, results obtained during the past decade suggest that almost 4800 linear kilometers of the continental margin on three continental masses was affected by mafic magmatism during only a few million years. We invite contributions that focus on the development of the circum-Atlantic LIP, from geologic, petrologic, geophysical, and geochronologic perspectives, in the context of understanding the initiation of Pangean rifting.

Conveners: Willis Hames, Auburn University, Dept. of Geology, 210 Petrie Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA; Tel: +1-334-844-4881; Fax: +1-334-844-4486; E-mail: hameswe@mail.auburn.edu; Paul Renne, Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Rd, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA; Tel: +1-510-644-9200; Fx: +1-510-644-9201; E-mail: prenne@bgc.org; and Gregory McHone

T03   Evolution of Oceanic Spreading Centers and Their Discontinuities
Detailed mapping at slow, intermediate, and fast spreading mid-ocean ridges has revealed that stable ridge-transform configurations comprise only a small subset of the behavior observed at spreading center offsets. Whereas transform faults appear to be relatively long-lived and stationary features, so-called higher-order discontinuities (such as overlapping spreading centers at faster-spreading centers and non-transform offsets at slower-spreading centers) appear and disappear on time scales of one million years or less, offset the ridge axis at irregular intervals, migrate along spreading segments at rates comparable to the local spreading rate,and leave basins, ridges, and tectonized fabric in their wakes. The goal of this session is to bring together scientists interested in the long-term, time-dependent evolution of individual spreading segments and their discontinuities. Example topics might include the geochemical variations associated with propagating rifts, off-axis studies of prior segmentation, evolution of oceanic core complex formation, and implications of these processes on the dynamics of oceanic mantle and lithosphere. We invite papers in tectonics, geodynamics, petrology and geochemistry, seismology, geophysics, and related areas.

Conveners: Allegra Hosford, MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; Tel: +1-508-289-3371; Fax: +1-508-457-2150; E-mail: allegra@mit.edu; Jian Lin, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; Tel: +1-508-289-2576, Fax: +1-508-457-2187, E-mail: jlin@whoi.edu; and Rodey Batiza, SOEST, University of Hawaii. Honolulu, HI 96822 USA; Tel: +1-808-956-5036; Fax: +1-808-956 5512; E-mail: rbatiza@soest.hawaii.edu

T04   Gas Hydrates: New Results From Laboratory and Field Experiments (Joint with OS and H)
Recent experimental studies have advanced our understanding of gas hydrate formation and properties of gas hydrates in natural settings. Laboratory work includes new studies of chemical processes associated with formation and dissociation of pure gas hydrates and hydrates in sediment, the origin and habitat of gas hydrates in sediments, and physical properties of pure gas hydrates and hydrate-bearing sediments. Additionally, a number of new field and borehole studies have been conducted after ODP Leg 164 designed to understand gas hydrate systems in different environments. Significant new insights have been gained from geochemical, geophysical, as well as biological investigations.

Conveners: Bill Durham, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, POB 808 L 201, Livermore, CA 94550 USA; Tel: +1-510-422-7046; Fax: +1-510-423-1057; E-mail: durham1@llnl.gov; and Ingo A. Pecher, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; Tel: +1-508-457-2391; Fax: +1-508-457-2310; E-mail: ipecher@whoi.edu

T05   Gas Hydrates: Addressing Fundamental Questions Through Modeling (Joint with OS and H)
With the emergence of new laboratory results and the continuing acquisition of high-quality field data from gas hydrate settings, empirical constraints on the physics and chemistry of the natural gas hydrate system have never been so complete. A new generation of modelling studies seeks to link the empirical results to the fundamental processes controlling the evolution and stability of the dynamic gas hydrate system and the distribution and occurrence of gas hydrate at scales ranging from microscopic to macroscopic. This session will bring together researchers engaged in using analytical, numerical and physical models to study all aspects of the gas hydrate system. Such studies may include analytical, numerical, and lattice gas models of multiphase flow through porous >media, statistical thermodynamics calculations that constrain phase equilibria, and various simulations that mimic the chemical and physical properties of gas hydrate and hydrate-bearing sediments. Contributions that explicitly link modelling of fundamental processes to observational data are also welcome.

Conveners: Carolyn Ruppel, School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332-0340, USA, Tel: +1-404-894-0231, Fax: +1-404-894-5638, E-Mail: cdr@piedmont.eas.gatech.edu; and Joseph Gettrust, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 7432, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA, Tel: +1-228-688-5475, Fax: +1-228-688-5752, E-mail: gettrust@nrlssc.navy.mil

T06   Tectonic Evolution of the Himalayas and Tibet
The Himalayan-Tibet orogenic system is not only the most dramatic example of continental collision exposed in the present day but has also had a profound effect on regional and global climate during the Cenozoic. Understanding its evolution is fundamental to many interrelated aspects of modern Earth and ocean sciences. Reconstructing the growth history of the orogen is a key to understanding both its structural and metamorphic evoluation, and to assessing the possible influence of topography on the intensity of the South Asian Monsoon. In this session we invite contributions from workers studying the uplift of the Himalaya and Tibet, both through direct examination of the thermochronology of the crystalline basement, and through its sedimentary detrital record in the foreland, intermontane basins, and in the offshore sequences of the Indian Ocean and South China Sea. Special focus will be given to the early evolution of the orogen, as the timing of collision and rate of uplift at this time is fundamental to solving questions of how strain is accommodated, whether escape tectonics or horizontal compression dominate.

Conveners: Peter Clift, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS #22, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA, Tel: +1-508-289-3437, Fax: +1-508-457-2187 E-mail: pclift@whoi.edu; and Dr. Michael A. Krol, Research Associate, Department of Earth Sciences, Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Rm. B-47, Boston, MA 02215 USA, Tel: +1-617-353-4092, Fax: +1-617-353-3290, E-mail: makrol@bu.edu

T07   Rates and Styles of Extension Along Rifted Passive Margins
Although the basic principles of extension in continental crust are now well understood, their application to the formation of rifted passive margins remains obscure. It appears that extension during continental break-up does not just reflect a simple continuation of the style for extension seen in intra-continental rift basins. Questions still remain as to whether pure versus simple shear dominate, or whether it is even reasonable to apply models such as simple shear to these systems. Key questions include the importance of magmatic underplanting, the role of lower crustal ductile flow, and the role of large detachment structures. In this session, contributions are sought charaterising the rates and style of extension along rifted passive margins in an attempt to describe how the different parts of the continental-lithosphere behave during break-up. Studies involving active systems and conjugate margin pairs are especially encouraged.

Convener: Peter Clift, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS #22, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA, Tel: +1-508-289-3437, Fax: +1-508-457-2187 E-mail: pclift@whoi.edu

T08   Recent Advances in Geodynamic Modeling of Orogenic Belts: Results and Applications
Substantial progress has recently been made in using geodynamic modeling techniques to simulate deep crustal processes occurring during the growth and demise of continental orogenic belts. The models are proving useful in understanding the nature of strain partitioning within the crust, the exhumation histories of high pressure metamorphic terrains, and the dynamic interactions between driving forces, gravitational potential energy, and exhumation that determine the nature of orogenic evolution. The goal of this session is to provide a forum for interaction between geodynamic modelers and observational geologists/geophysicists interested in the evolution of orogenic belts. Papers are invited that present recent advances in modeling techniques, results of modeling studies, or application of geodynamic modeling to aid in interpretation of geological and/or geophysical data from orogenic belts. We particularly welcome discussions that focus on integrating observations and modeling.

Conveners: Dennis L. Harry, Department of Geology, The University of Alabama, Box 870338, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0338, USA, Tel: +1-205-348-1880, Fax: +1-205-348-0818, E-mail: dharry@wgs.geo.ua.edu; and Mian Liu, Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA, Tel: +1-573-882-3784, Fax: +1-573-882-5458, E-mail: mian@geosc.missouri.edu, http://www.missouri.edu/~geolliu

T09   New Magnetic, Gravity, and Seismic Studies in the Arctic Ocean
THIS SPECIAL SESSION HAS BEEN CANCELED.

Convener:

T10   Driving Forces of Continental Rifting and Collision and the Structural Style of Lithospheric Deformation
This session will focus on the relative importance of buoyancy forces and intra plate forces in driving plate tectonics. A major goal is to compare numerical models on rifting and continental collision with observations on different scales and to define the structural styles of tectonic processes. Specific topics that may be addressed include the effects of the possible feedback relations between plate and buoyancy driven deformation and surface processes, the nature of the coupling of mantle convection with continental tectonics and the effects of thermal and compostional buoyancy on the structural style of lithosphere deformation.

Conveners: Ritske Huismans, Inst Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Tel: +31 20 444 7278, Fax: +31 20 646 2457, E-mail: huir@geo.vu.nl; and Yuri Podladchikov, Geologisches Institut, ETH-Zurich, Sonneggstr. 5, CH 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, Tel: +41 1 632 36 75, Fax: +41 1 632 10 80, E-mail: yura@erdw.ethz.ch

T11   Deformation Associated With Oblique Rifting
The goal of this session is to bring together researchers who have conducted studies of the deformation associated with oblique rifting. Most of our understanding of extensional tectonics comes from studies that have considered the simplest boundary conditions (i.e., extension perpendicular to a rift/discontinuity/plate edge. However, the combination of extension and shear that results when a rift is oriented obliquely to the direction of absolute plate motion produces a complex pattern of brittle and continuous deformation that cannot be explained by simple extensional models. Oblique rifts can be grouped into those controlled by fault reactivation above a decollement, or by those characterized by formation of new faults in a relatively homogeneous brittle layer. Why do some rifts have vertical-axis block rotation and transverse strike-slip faults, while others accommodate strain predominantly along normal faults? How is strain partitioned in oblique rift zones? Contributions focusing on field studies, laboratory modeling and numerical modeling are welcome.

Conveners: Amy Clifton, Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, Tel: +1-732-445-2044, Fax: +1-732-445-3374, E-mail: cliftona@rci.rutgers.edu; and Christopher Sorlien, Institute for Crustal Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, E-mail: sorlien@ldeo.columbia.edu

T12   The Plan View of Spreading: From Kinematics to Dynamics Recorded in Ridges and Ophiolites
The past decade has seen leaps in the quality and resolution of geophysical data from active spreading centers. Concomitant development in the images of spreading fossilized in ophiolites pushed the understanding of the underlying processes to new levels. The analyses of these processes are typically restricted to a vertical cross section. The revealed spatial and temporal variability of plan view features (i.e., types of discontinuity, segments and their relative orientations, hotspot influence) calls for integration with the deep processes. This session will address new opportunities to link surficial geometry, deep structure, and governing processes. Issues will include magmatic and tectonic features, hotspot influence, spatial and temporal variations, and driving forces. We particularly encourage contributions that will emphasize dynamic implications of plan view elements beyond the kinematics of spreading.

Convener: Meir Abelson, Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University Jerusalem, Israel 91904, Tel: +972 2 6437137 (h), +972 2 6585847 (w), +972 2 6584686 (o), Fax: +972 2 5662581, E-Mail: abelson@shum.huji.ac.il

T13   Integrated Studies of Plate Boundary Zones (Joint with G)
Plate boundary zones cover about 15% of Earth's surface. Plate motion models predict only the integrated motion across boundary zones, but a thorough understanding of plate boundary zones requires knowing how this deformation varies in space and time. Understanding this deformation is a major geological problem, which also has social relevance because of the resulting geologic hazards to populated areas. Recent work integrating geodetic, seismological, geological, and other data is showing with unprecedented detail how deformation varies in space and time. We invite presentations of new results and interpretations for plate boundary zones worldwide.

Conveners: Seth Stein, Department of Geological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, Tel: +1-847-491-5265, Fax: +1-847-491-8060, E-Mail: seth@earth.nwu.edu, http://www.earth.nwu.edu/people/seth; and Jeffrey T. Freymueller, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320, Tel: +1-907-474-7286, Fax: +1-907-474-7290, E-mail: jeff@giseis.alaska.edu, http://www.aeic.alaska.edu/Input/jeff/jeff.html

T14   Characterizing the High-Temperature, High-Pressure Environment in Solid Media Devices (Joint with MSA)
Solid media devices such as the laser-heated diamond anvil cell and the multi-anvil device have permitted measurement of phase relationships and physical properties of Earth materials to pressure- and temperature conditions approaching the core-mantle boundary. However, there are several recent reports which imply that, at very high temperatures, iron can be reduced from silicates in both these devices. Perhaps this reduction process can be exploited to study core formation and planetary evolution? In addition, contributions related to characterization of the P, T environment, as well as the phases produced, in solid-media apparatus are welcome.

Conveners: Al Duba, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L201, Livermore, CA 94550 USA, Tel: +1-925-422-7306, Fax: +1-925-423-1057, E-mail: alduba@llnl.gov; Jean Peyronneau, Departement des Geomateriaux, Institut de Physique du Globe, 75232 Paris, France, Tel: +33-14-427-4807, Fax: +33-14-427-2487, E-mail: peyronno@ipgp.jussieu.fr; and Stephen Mackwell, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universitaet Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany, Tel: +49-(0)921-553700, Fax: +49-(0)921-553769, E-mail: Stephen.Mackwell@uni-bayreuth.de

T15   Fault Growth and Interaction Over Geologic Time Scales: Mechanisms and Applications (Joint with S)
How do faults grow and interact with each other? This question is important for seismic hazard assessment, predicting fluid pathways in the crust, understanding fault population and regional strain changes, and deciphering patterns of fault-related sedimentation. Over geologic time scales fault growth and interaction may be affected by static stress distributions, viscous flow below the seismogenic zone, changes in fault zone strength, and lithologic variations. We invite papers from a wide range of disciplines that investigate the mechanisms of long-term fault growth and interaction and their effects on other processes. These other processes might include: dynamic rupture propagation over discontinuous faults, storms of seismic activity, basin sedimentation, and fault population scaling.

Conveners: Anu Gupta, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, P.O. Box 1000, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964-8000, USA, Tel: +1-914-365-8463, Fax: +1-914-365-8150, E-mail: gupta@ldeo.columbia.edu; and Juliet G. Crider, Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 North Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010-2899, USA, Tel: +1-610-526-5113, Fax: +1-610-526-5086, E-mail: jcrider@brynmawr.edu

T16   Percolation Theory in Rock Physics and Rock Mechanics (Joint with H and MSA)
Percolation has been recognized as an important issue in the study of diagenesis, groundwater flow, two-phase flow, and the mechanical properties of fractures and faults. This session focuses on advances in developing mathematical and physical models for the connectivity between cracks and pores in cracked and porous solids and in understanding the changes in connectivity structure. In addition, contributions related to quantifying the dynamic response of percolation networks to physical and chemical conditions (e.g., pressure and deviatoric stress and solution and deposition, respectively) are welcome.

Convener: Stanley Murrell, Department of Geological Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, Tel: +0171-504-2360 or +01707-324831, Fax: +0171-387-1612 or +0171-388-7614, E-mail: s.murrell@ucl.ac.uk

T17   Deformation of Polyphase Materials
The deformation of the Earth's crust and mantle is commonly approximated by flow laws for single phase aggregates (e.g. quartz for the lower-middle crust and olivine for the upper mantle), but most natural rocks are polyphase aggregates. There are a variety of possible rheological effects resulting from the presence of additional phases. Mechanical factors that potentially influence the deformation of polyphase aggregates include the geometric and size distribution of the phases, the shapes of the grains, and the deformation mechanisms operating in each phase. Deformation may also be strongly influenced by chemical interactions between the phases. A better understanding of all these factors is needed to more realistically describe and quantify deformation in the Earth. We invite contributions from experimental studies, theoretical modelling, and field observations which constrain the deformation behavior of polyphase aggregates.

Conveners: Jan Tullis, Dept.of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA, Tel: +1-401-863-1921, E-mail: jan_tullis@brown.edu; and David Bruhn, Dept. of Geology & Geophysics, 108 Pillsbury Hall, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, Tel: +1-612-626-0572; Fax: +1-612-625-3819, E-mail: bruhn@olivine.geology.umn.edu

T18   Melt Migration Mechanisms in the Upper Mantle and Lower Crust (Joint with OS and V)
A variety of central questions regarding melt transport in the Earth remain unresolved: Under what conditions is flow reactive or chemically isolated? Where is melt flow distributed, and where is it localized? For porous flow mechanisms, how does permeability vary with porosity, grain size, and stress state? What role do high temperature fractures play in melt migration? What physical properties need to be defined and/or measured (e.g., "cohesive strength," "fracture toughness") to achieve quantitative understanding of the transition from porous to fracture flow? What results from related fields, such as hydrology and oil field characterization, can be brought to bear on these problems? We solicit abstracts on these and a wide range of related topics.

Conveners: Peter Kelemen, E-mail: peterk@whoi.edu; and Greg Hirth, WHOI, E-mail: ghirth@whoi.edu

V01   The Physical and Chemical Dynamics of Subduction: Insights From Convergent Margin Transect Studies
This session will present current views on the physical and chemical evolution of subducting plates and on the nature of slab/mantle interactions during subduction, as observed through geochemical and geophysical studies of volcanic forearc/arc/back arc transects, as well as through experimental and metamorphic analog studies. The goal will be to present a current picture of the subduction process that can be used to constrain global material flux models.

Convener: Jeff Ryan, Department of Geology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA, E-mail: ryan@chuma.cas.usf.edu

V02   Recent Developments in Trace Element Partitioning
During the past four years since the review "Experimental Studies of Trace-Element Partitioning applicable to Igneous Petrogenesis - Sedona 16 Years Later" by T.H. Green (1994), many experimental studies have provided a large volume of information to the geochemical community. New technical developments and recent refinements of microbeam instruments have led to increasingly better determinations of partition coefficients between solid/liquid, solid/solid, immiscible liquid/liquid, fluid/liquid, and fluid/mineral. From these studies we are gaining a better understanding of the parameters which control partition coefficients. During the same time period, modelling of trace element transport and distribution has advanced significantly and produced a better understand of petrogenesis than ever before. This special session is intended to highlight recent developments in: (a) modelling geochemistry, geothermometry, geobarometry); (b) experimentation; and (c) analysis of partition coefficients performed from atmospheric to ultra-high pressures. Contributions involving new compositional systems (oxide, hydroxide, sulphide, carbonate, phosphate, aqueous fluid, silicate) and new element suites (PGE's, Re, Li, Be, B) are all welcome.

Conveners: Claude Dalpe, University of Bristol, Department of Earth Sciences, Wills Memorial Building, Queen`s Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, U.K., Tel: +44-117-954-5414, Fax: +44-117-925-3385, E-mail: claude.dalpe@bristol.ac.uk; Don R. Baker, Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 University St., Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada, Tel: +1-514-398-7485, Fax: +1-514-398-4680, E-mail: don_b@geosci.lan.mcgill.ca; Robert Linnen, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada, Tel: +1-519-888-4567, ext. 6929, E-mail: rlinnen@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca

V03   The Role of Water in the Origin of Komatiites
Komatiites are ultramafic igneous rocks which are known from all cratons. Most are Archean in age and therefore offer a unique insight into the Archean mantle. The prevailing model for the last two decades has been that komatiite magmas are generated by high-degree melting of a hot, dry mantle source at high pressures (3 to > 10 GPa) and temperatures (>1700ĒC), perhaps in the core of upwelling megaplumes. Such models require mantle potential temperatures 200-400 ĒC higher than estimated for the current mantle. However, evidence is mounting that water had an important role in the origin of some komatiites. If water is a major player in komatiite genesis, then mantle potential temperatures in the Archean may have been similar to the modern mantle. Indeed, it is currently suggested that komatiites may be Archean analogues to high MgO, wet magmas formed at modern subduction zones. This has major implications for models of the physical and compositional state of the Archean mantle and for evolutionary models of plate tectonics. In this special session the conveners intend to bring together a variety of specialists in the fields of experimental petrology, igneous petrology (especially field related experts), and geochemistry in order to assess the role of water in komatiite genesis.

Conveners: Tim Grove, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; E-mail: tlgrove@MIT.EDU; Michael Walter, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Misasa, Tottori-ken 68201, Japan; E-mail: walter@misasa.okayama-u.ac.jp

V04   Accessory Minerals: Powerful Tools for Unlocking the Secrets of Metamorphic and Magmatic Systems
Accessory minerals often place powerful constraints on interpretations of the chemical histories of their host rocks. This session will explore applications of accessory minerals to the geochemistry, geochronology, and geothermobarometry of metamorphic and magmatic systems. Contributions will include experimental, field, and theoretical studies of accessory mineral-bearing igneous and metamorphic systems, including phase equilibria, textures, isotopic systems, and the effects of fluid-rock interaction.

Conveners: John Ayers, Department of Geology, Vanderbilt University, Box 105, Station B, Nashville, TN, 37235; E-mail: john.c.ayers@vanderbilt.edu

V05   High-precision Microanalysis of Stable Isotopes: What Is It Good For?
Technological developments in both laser sampling methods and in mass spectrometry, including continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry and plasma-source isotope ratio mass spectrometry, offer the opportunity to investigate new classes of problems in geochemistry through analysis of stable isotope ratios in geological materials at higher spatial resolution and enhanced analytical precision relative to traditional methods. This theme session will focus on examples of the kinds of information to be gained by these advances. The subjects to be addressed embrace fields as diverse as cosmochemistry and paleoecology.

Convener: Ed Young, Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford, 0X1 3PR, UK, E-mail: Ed.Young@earth.ox.ac.uk

V06   A Matter of Scales, From Chain Silicate Crystal Chemistry to Paleo-Plate Tectonics of the Northern Appalachians and Scandinavia: A Special Session in Celebration of the Career of Peter Robinson (Joint with T and MSA)
Professor Peter Robinson of the Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, has had a most influential 35-year plus career doing research and training students on a spectacular range of geologic scales and topics. His macro-scale work has molded many of our modern views of the igneous, metamorphic and general tectonic history of New England and parts of Scandinavia. He and his students and associates have also examined in great detail the inner workings of the metamorphic process, virtually all the way down to the unit-cell scale in pyroxenes and amphiboles. This special session in his honor has been conceived as a way for his former students, his research colleagues, his "intellectual grandchildren" - students of his students - and anyone else who has been influenced by his work to gather in his New England "backyard" and to display the latest and most up-to-date fruits of his many years of research and inspiration. We anticipate numerous contributions in a variety of areas ranging from silicate crystal chemistry to thin-section scale metamorphic and igneous processes to regional tectonic modeling - an array of presentations that will truly reflect the breadth of Pete Robinson's interests.

Conveners: Robert J. Tracy, Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg VA 24061-0420, Tel: +1-540-231-5980, E-mail: rtracy@vt.edu; and Charles K. Shearer, Institute of Meteoritics, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, Tel: +1-505-277-9159, E-mail: cshearer@unm.edu

V07   Explorations of Labrador, Layered Intrusions, Liquid Lines of Descent, and Large (Massif) Anorthosites: A Special Session in Celebration of the Career of Stearns A. Morse (Joint with MSA)
Professor Stearns A. (Tony) Morse of the Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, has had a remarkable 40-year career in igneous and metamorphic petrology as field geologist, petrographer, experimentalist, theoretician, writer, and teacher (as well as brewer of fine beer and producer of excellent maple syrup!). From his early days charting the coast of Labrador to more recent theoretical invesigations of the intricacies of magma dynamics, Tony Morse has influenced several generations of students and colleagues through his keen eye and thought-provoking writing style. Tony has made significant contributions in such diverse areas as phase equilibria of alkali feldspars, petrology of sapphirine-bearing rocks, optical mineralogy, and planetary-scale considerations of cumulus processes. His work on massif anorthosites in Labrador, which culminated in the decade-long "Nain Anorthosite Project," has profoundly influenced the thinking of all later "anorthositologists." His thoughtful monograph, Basalts and Phase Diagrams, stands as the clearest exposition of the inner workings of phase diagrams ever written. Finally, Tony's life-long investigations of the Kiglapait layered intrusion in Labrador resulted in a series of classic papers that elegantly document one of the world's best examples of in-situ fractional crystallization of basaltic magma. This special session honors Tony Morse's career, and we invite contributions from all who have been influenced by his research and teaching. We expect the contributions to reflect the diversity of Tony's interests, and invite papers on such subjects as alkali feldspars and syenites, mineral optics, phase equilibria, massif anorthosites, layered intrusions, geology of the Nain Province, and the dynamics of cumulus magmatic systems.

Conveners: Robert F. Dymek, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, Campus Box 1169, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, Tel: +1-312-935-5344, E-mail: bob_d@levee.wustl.edu; and Brent E. Owens, Department of Geology, College of William and Mary, PO Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, Tel: +1-757-221-1814, E-mail: beowen@facstaff.wm.edu

V08   Experimental and Geochemical Constraints on Planetery Formation and Evolution Hypotheses (Joint with T)
In the past decade, many age-old hypotheses on the composition, early differentiation and current processes in the Earth and planetary interiors have been brought into question, owing to significant developments in high pressure experimental techniques and in-situ analytical tools. This special session solicits new experimental and geochemical constraints on the nature and processes of the Earth and planetary interiors. The topics to be discussed will include major, minor, and trace element partitioning at high pressures and high temperatures, density, viscosity and wetting properties of mineral and melts, and geochemical observations of major, minor and trace element distribution and isotope signatures in the Earth and planetary interiors.

Convener: Jie Li (E-mail: jieli@gl.ciw.edu) and Connie Bertka (E-mail: bertka@gl.ciw.edu), both at: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Rd. NW, Washington DC 20015, USA, Tel: +1-202-686-2410, ext. 2444.

V09   Magmatic Sulfide in the Crust, Mantle, and Core
Sulfide liquids play an important role in controlling the geochemical behavior of transition metals in igneous systems. In recent years the growing interest in Os isotopes has led to an increased recognition of the importance of sulfide liquids to mantle geochemistry, but there has long been interest in magmatic sulfide ore deposits and in the possibility that the light element in the Earth s liquid outer core is sulfur. This session is intended to bring together those who study magmatic sulfides in different geologic contexts for an exchange of ideas and the opportunity to find common ground. The session will highlight (but is not limited to) studies of element partitioning among minerals, silicate melts, and sulfide melts; textural studies of magmatic sulfides; the permeability of sulfide liquids in crustal and mantle rocks, the thermochemistry of sulfide liquids, the role of magmatic sulfide in mantle geochemistry; magmatic sulfide ore deposits.

Conveners: Glenn Gaetani, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA; Tel: +1-518-276-8827; E-mail: gaetag@rpi.edu and Denton S. Ebel, Department of the Geophysical Sciences The University of Chicago, 5734 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago IL 60637 USA; Tel: +1-773-702-8131; E-mail: debel@midway.uchicago.edu

V10   Partial Melting Under Pressure
Despite its importance as a mechanism for mass and heat transfer in the Earth and other bodies in the Solar System, the physics and chemistry of partial melting are, as yet, poorly understood. This theme session seeks to bring together researchers whose work focuses on all aspects of the partial melting process, including the physical and chemical changes that occur in the premelting stage to the final process of volatile exsolution in the near-surface. It is hoped that this will be an interdisciplinary session, and contributions are solicited from those involved in field-based geochemical and geophysical studies that assess the nature and extent of partial melting, laboratory studies of melting under hydrostatic or deviatoric stress conditions, and theoretical approaches to modelling the melting process, including melt chemistry, rock permeability and methods for detecting partially molten regions.

Convener: Dr. Hans J. Mueller, PSF 85 01 30, D-14434 Potsdam, Germany, Tel: +49-331-280-4123, Fax: +49-331-280-4127, E-mail: Hjmuel@aol.com

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