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AGU: Reviews of Geophysics

 
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Abstract

REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 13, NO. 5, PP. 637-649, 1975
doi:10.1029/RG013i005p00637

Global Ozone Balance in the Natural Stratosphere

Harold S. Johnston

Department of Chemistry and Inorganic Materials Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California, Berkeley, California 94720

The method of instantaneous rates is a three-dimensional model that takes the observed distribution of atmospheric species and temperature as input data. The distribution of radiation over wavelength, photochemical rate constants, and reaction rates are evaluated in each cell of the three-dimensional grid. For certain problems of restricted scope, definite answers can be given by this approach. For example, it is shown that the Chapman reactions and air motions are insufficient to give a global ozone balance; these factors account for only about 20% of the ozone produced below 45 km. There must be other photochemical or chemical reactions that destroy natural stratospheric ozone. The water reactions (H, HO, and HOO radicals) balance about 10% of the ozone produced below 45 km. Recently observed concentrations of nitrogen dioxide at up to 36-km elevations are close to those required to destroy the remaining 70% of naturally produced ozone. Until enough measurements are made to characterize the vertical, latitudinal, and seasonal distribution of nitrogen dioxide, it will not be known whether yet other substances (such as chlorine, bromine, and metallic oxide particles) play a significant (10% or more) role in the natural ozone balance.

Received 26 March 1975; accepted 4 April 1975; .

Citation: Johnston, H. S. (1975), Global Ozone Balance in the Natural Stratosphere, Rev. Geophys., 13(5), 637–649, doi:10.1029/RG013i005p00637.

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