On 23 June 2001, a M_w = 8.4 underthrusting earthquake occurred in the southern Peru subduction zone, followed by several large aftershocks, including 26 June (M_w = 6.7) and 7 July (M_w = 7.5). Broadband analyses of seismic data for the largest of these earthquakes show southeastward rupture of 180 km along the portion of the subduction zone previously ruptured in 1868 (M_w 8.8–9). Moment release distributions determined are consistent with aftershock location patterns. Earthquake rupture mode varies along southern Peru, from larger multi-segment rupture in 1868 to several smaller segment ruptures in 2001, similar to rupture variation observed in northern Peru and other subduction zones. Based on models of subduction zone segment interaction, the 2001 earthquake sequence may suggest a shorter recurrence time for future earthquakes along this portion of the Peru-Chile subduction zone.