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Chemical depletion of Arctic ozone in winter 1999/2000
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning, Kjeller, Norway
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Meteorological Institute, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Meteorological Institute, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., USA
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., USA
Computational Physics, Inc., Springfield, Virginia, USA
Computational Physics, Inc., Springfield, Virginia, USA
Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, Netherlands
Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning, Kjeller, Norway
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Observatory Hohenpeißenberg, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany
Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
Department of Physics, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
Meteorologisches Observatorium, Lindenberg, Germany
Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Toyokawa, Aichi, Japan
Sodankylä Meteorological Observatory, Sodankylä, Finland
Centre of Aerology, Legionowo, Poland
Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
UK Met Office, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
Valentia Observatory, Irish Meteorological Service, Cahirciveen, County Kerry, Ireland
Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejon de Argoz, Madrid, Spain
Fisbat Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
Czech Hydrometical Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
Swiss Meteorological Institute, Les Invuardes, Switzerland
Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
During Arctic winters with a cold, stable stratospheric circulation, reactions on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) lead to elevated abundances of chlorine monoxide (ClO) that, in the presence of sunlight, destroy ozone. Here we show that PSCs were more widespread during the 1999/2000 Arctic winter than for any other Arctic winter in the past two decades. We have used three fundamentally different approaches to derive the degree of chemical ozone loss from ozonesonde, balloon, aircraft, and satellite instruments. We show that the ozone losses derived from these different instruments and approaches agree very well, resulting in a high level of confidence in the results. Chemical processes led to a 70% reduction of ozone for a region ∼1 km thick of the lower stratosphere, the largest degree of local loss ever reported for the Arctic. The Match analysis of ozonesonde data shows that the accumulated chemical loss of ozone inside the Arctic vortex totaled 117 ± 14 Dobson units (DU) by the end of winter. This loss, combined with dynamical redistribution of air parcels, resulted in a 88 ± 13 DU reduction in total column ozone compared to the amount that would have been present in the absence of any chemical loss. The chemical loss of ozone throughout the winter was nearly balanced by dynamical resupply of ozone to the vortex, resulting in a relatively constant value of total ozone of 340 ± 50 DU between early January and late March. This observation of nearly constant total ozone in the Arctic vortex is in contrast to the increase of total column ozone between January and March that is observed during most years.
Published 20 September 2002.
Citation: (2002), Chemical depletion of Arctic ozone in winter 1999/2000, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D20), 8276, doi:10.1029/2001JD000533.
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