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JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 107, NO. D23, 4704, doi:10.1029/2002JD002221, 2002

Airborne measurements of atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols during ACE-Asia

Brian T. Mader

Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA


Richard C. Flagan

Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA


John H. Seinfeld

Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA


Abstract

Airborne levels of carbonaceous aerosols were measured using the Twin Otter aircraft during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE)-Asia. Particles were collected using a newly developed honeycomb denuder sampler and organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and carbonate (CC) carbon levels determined using a thermal–optical carbon analyzer. During some flights, atmospheric layers could be identified as marine boundary, pollution dominated, or mineral dust dominated. Ångstrom exponent (å) values, calculated based on data from an onboard three-wavelength nephelometer, were used to discern the nature of some individual layers. Values of å for individual layers ranged from 0.2 to 2, corresponding to dust- and pollution-dominated layers, respectively. OC and EC concentrations below 3 km ranged from 0.58 to 29 μg C m−3 and from 0.20 to 1.8 μg C m−3, respectively. In general, for a given type of atmospheric layer, higher levels of total carbon (TC) were observed during ACE-Asia than those observed during ACE-2, Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX) and Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX). Mixed layers of dust and pollution were found on some occasions. CC was detected in samples taken from layers in which å = 1.6, indicating that significant amounts of dust can be present even though å > 0.2. A linear regression of light absorption coefficient σap (Mm−1) versus EC concentration had an r2 of only 0.50, indicating that parameters other than the mass of EC significantly affected the value of σap. The mass absorption coefficient Eabs (m2 g−1) varied by as much as a factor of 8 between sampling events, and the average value of 11 m2 g−1 (±5.0) agrees well with previous published values.

Published 11 December 2002.

Index Terms: 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801); 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 0360 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Transmission and scattering of radiation.

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Citation: Mader, B. T., R. C. Flagan, and J. H. Seinfeld (2002), Airborne measurements of atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols during ACE-Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D23), 4704, doi:10.1029/2002JD002221.