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JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 107, NO. D24, 4800, doi:10.1029/2002JD002483, 2002

Sensitivity of tracer transports and stratospheric ozone to sea surface temperature patterns in the doubled CO₂ climate

David Rind

Goddard Institute for Space Studies at Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

Jean Lerner

Goddard Institute for Space Studies at Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

Judith Perlwitz

Goddard Institute for Space Studies at Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

Chris McLinden

Air Quality Research Branch, Meteorological Service of Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada

Michael Prather

Earth Systems Science Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA

Abstract

Two sets of sea surface temperature/sea ice changes are used to test the sensitivity of tracer transport to the pattern of warming in the doubled CO₂ climate. One set (2CO2WT) has greater tropical and high latitude sea surface temperature changes than the other (2CO2), although both fall within the range of plausible response. Simulations were done both with and without interactive ozone. Results show that the SST pattern affects the circulation change throughout the troposphere and middle atmosphere; the ozone interaction affects primarily the upper stratosphere, but through wave-mean flow interaction has effects that extend down into the upper troposphere. Both experiments feature increased tropospheric/stratospheric exchange at low latitudes and greater vertical mixing within the troposphere; only the WT experiments result in increased interhemispheric transport and a more direct circulation in the high latitude stratosphere. Ozone increases in the upper stratosphere and decreases in the lower stratosphere in all the simulations, with greater transport of high latitude ozone into the troposphere in the WT runs. At sea level there is a more positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO)-type oscillation, and this is also true at 100 mbar, but there is no significance in the middle troposphere and the sign is different in the middle stratosphere. Many of these results differ from those generated in older versions of the GISS GCMAM despite the same SST forcing due to differences in control run characteristics, which has implications for model intercomparison experiments.

Published 28 December 2002.

Index Terms: 0341 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere—constituent transport and chemistry (3334); 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—constituent transport and chemistry; 1620 Global Change: Climate dynamics (3309); 3334 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Middle atmosphere dynamics (0341, 0342).

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Citation: Rind, D., J. Lerner, J. Perlwitz, C. McLinden, and M. Prather (2002), Sensitivity of tracer transports and stratospheric ozone to sea surface temperature patterns in the doubled CO₂ climate, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D24), 4800, doi:10.1029/2002JD002483.

Copyright 2002 by the American Geophysical Union.