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GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 30, NO. 9, 1464, doi:10.1029/2003GL017240, 2003

Coherence of Antarctic sea levels, Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode, and flow through Drake Passage

Chris W. Hughes

Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Bidston, Merseyside, UK


Philip L. Woodworth

Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Bidston, Merseyside, UK


Michael P. Meredith

Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Bidston, Merseyside, UK


Vladimir Stepanov

Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Bidston, Merseyside, UK


Thomas Whitworth

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA


Alexander R. Pyne

Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand


Abstract

It is known from small sets of tide gauges that sub-surface pressure (sea level corrected for the inverse barometer effect) around Antarctica varies coherently around about half of the continent, and that this coherent signal is related to atmospheric forcing in the form of the Antarctic Oscillation, or Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode. We here confirm that this coherence extends to a more extensive network of tide gauges, and to parts of the continental shelf far from the shore, as measured by bottom pressure gauges. We use time series from an eddy-permitting ocean model with realistic forcing to relate the coherent mode to fluctuations in transport through Drake Passage, and confirm, using a 1° resolution barotropic model, that the fluctuations are predominantly due to barotropic dynamics, although baroclinic dynamics are expected to play an increasing role at interannual timescales.

Published 6 May 2003.

Index Terms: 4556 Oceanography: Physical: Sea level variations; 4504 Oceanography: Physical: Air/sea interactions (0312); 4207 Oceanography: General: Arctic and Antarctic oceanography; 1620 Global Change: Climate dynamics (3309); 4255 Oceanography: General: Numerical modeling.

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Citation: Hughes, C. W., P. L. Woodworth, M. P. Meredith, V. Stepanov, T. Whitworth, and A. R. Pyne (2003), Coherence of Antarctic sea levels, Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode, and flow through Drake Passage, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(9), 1464, doi:10.1029/2003GL017240.