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GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 30, NO. 23, 2223, doi:10.1029/2003GL018363, 2003

The atmospheric circulation and states of maximum entropy production

Axel Kleidon

Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA


Klaus Fraedrich

Meteorologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany


Torben Kunz

Meteorologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany


Frank Lunkeit

Meteorologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany


Abstract

Energy balance models suggest that the atmospheric circulation operates close to a state of maximum entropy production. Here we support this hypothesis with sensitivity simulations of an atmospheric general circulation model. A state of maximum entropy production is obtained by (i) adjusting boundary layer turbulence and (ii) using a sufficiently high model resolution which allows sufficient degrees of freedom for the atmospheric flow. The state of maximum entropy production is associated with the largest conversion of available potential energy into kinetic energy which is subsequently dissipated by boundary layer turbulence. It exhibits the largest eddy activity in the mid latitudes, resulting in the most effective transport of heat towards the poles and the least equator-pole temperature difference. These results suggest that GCMs have a fundamental tendency to underestimate the magnitude of atmospheric heat transport and, therefore, overestimate the equator-pole temperature gradient for the present-day climate, for the response to global climatic change, and for atmospheres of other planetary bodies.

Received 7 August 2003; accepted 7 November 2003; published 12 December 2003.

Index Terms: 3307 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Boundary layer processes; 3319 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: General circulation; 3337 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Numerical modeling and data assimilation; 3379 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Turbulence.

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Citation: Kleidon, A., K. Fraedrich, T. Kunz, and F. Lunkeit (2003), The atmospheric circulation and states of maximum entropy production, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(23), 2223, doi:10.1029/2003GL018363.