Abstract
Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998–2000 tropical ozone climatology 2. Tropospheric variability and the
zonal wave-one
Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998–2000 tropical ozone climatology 2. Tropospheric variability and the
zonal wave-one
Anne M. Thompson
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt,
Maryland,
USA
Jacquelyn C. Witte
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt,
Maryland,
USA
Samuel J. Oltmans
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory,
Boulder,
Colorado,
USA
Francis J. Schmidlin
NASA Wallops Flight Facility,
Wallops Island,
Virginia,
USA
Jennifer A. Logan
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences,
Harvard University,
Cambridge,
Massachusetts,
USA
Masatomo Fujiwara
Radio Science Center for Space and Atmosphere,
Kyoto University,
Kyoto,
Japan
Volker W. J. H. Kirchhoff
INPE Laboratorio Ozonio,
São José dos Campos,
Brazil
Françoise Posny
Université de la Réunion,
St.-Denis, Réunion,
France
Gert J. R. Coetzee
South African Weather Service,
Pretoria,
South Africa
Bruno Hoegger
Swiss Aerological Observatory,
Payerne,
Switzerland
Shuji Kawakami
NASDA Earth Observations Research Center,
Tokyo,
Japan
Toshihiro Ogawa
NASDA Earth Observations Research Center,
Tokyo,
Japan
J. P. F. Fortuin
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute,
De Bilt,
Netherlands
H. M. Kelder
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute,
De Bilt,
Netherlands
Einhoven Technical University,
Einhoven,
Netherlands
The first view of stratospheric and tropospheric ozone variability in the Southern Hemisphere tropics is provided by a 3-year
record of ozone soundings from the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) network (
http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/shadoz). Observations covering 1998–2000 were made over Ascension Island, Nairobi (Kenya), Irene (South Africa), Réunion Island,
Watukosek (Java), Fiji, Tahiti, American Samoa, San Cristóbal (Galapagos), and Natal (Brazil). Total, stratospheric, and tropospheric
column ozone amounts usually peak between August and November. Other features are a persistent zonal wave-one pattern in total
column ozone and signatures of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in stratospheric ozone. The wave-one is due to a greater
concentration of free tropospheric ozone over the tropical Atlantic than the Pacific and appears to be associated with tropical
general circulation and seasonal pollution from biomass burning. Tropospheric ozone over the Indian and Pacific Oceans displays
influences of the waning 1997–1998 El Niño, seasonal convection, and pollution transport from Africa. The most distinctive
feature of SHADOZ tropospheric ozone is variability in the data, e.g., a factor of 3 in column amount at 8 of 10 stations.
Seasonal and monthly means may not be robust quantities because statistics are frequently not Gaussian even at sites that
are always in tropical air. Models and satellite retrievals should be evaluated on their capability for reproducing tropospheric
variability and fine structure. A 1999–2000 ozone record from Paramaribo, Surinam (6°N, 55°W) (also in SHADOZ) shows a marked
contrast to southern tropical ozone because Surinam is often north of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). A more representative
tropospheric ozone climatology for models and satellite retrievals requires additional Northern Hemisphere tropical data.
Published 31
January
2003.
Citation: Thompson, A. M., et al.
(2003),
Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998–2000 tropical ozone climatology 2. Tropospheric variability and the
zonal wave-one,
J. Geophys. Res.,
108(D2),
8241,
doi:10.1029/2002JD002241.