Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998–2000 tropical ozone climatology 2. Tropospheric variability and the zonal wave-one

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Read Full Article (file size: 2998345 bytes) Cited by JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. D2, 8241, doi:10.1029/2002JD002241, 2003 Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998–2000 tropical ozone climatology 2. Tropospheric variability and the zonal wave-one Anne M. Thompson NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Jacquelyn C. Witte NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Samuel J. Oltmans NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA Francis J. Schmidlin NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia, USA Jennifer A. Logan Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Masatomo Fujiwara Radio Science Center for Space and Atmosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Volker W. J. H. Kirchhoff INPE Laboratorio Ozonio, São José dos Campos, Brazil Françoise Posny Université de la Réunion, St.-Denis, Réunion, France Gert J. R. Coetzee South African Weather Service, Pretoria, South Africa Bruno Hoegger Swiss Aerological Observatory, Payerne, Switzerland Shuji Kawakami NASDA Earth Observations Research Center, Tokyo, Japan Toshihiro Ogawa NASDA Earth Observations Research Center, Tokyo, Japan J. P. F. Fortuin Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, Netherlands H. M. Kelder Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, Netherlands Einhoven Technical University, Einhoven, Netherlands Abstract The first view of stratospheric and tropospheric ozone variability in the Southern Hemisphere tropics is provided by a 3-year record of ozone soundings from the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) network ( http://croc.gsfc.nasa.gov/shadoz). Observations covering 1998–2000 were made over Ascension Island, Nairobi (Kenya), Irene (South Africa), Réunion Island, Watukosek (Java), Fiji, Tahiti, American Samoa, San Cristóbal (Galapagos), and Natal (Brazil). Total, stratospheric, and tropospheric column ozone amounts usually peak between August and November. Other features are a persistent zonal wave-one pattern in total column ozone and signatures of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in stratospheric ozone. The wave-one is due to a greater concentration of free tropospheric ozone over the tropical Atlantic than the Pacific and appears to be associated with tropical general circulation and seasonal pollution from biomass burning. Tropospheric ozone over the Indian and Pacific Oceans displays influences of the waning 1997–1998 El Niño, seasonal convection, and pollution transport from Africa. The most distinctive feature of SHADOZ tropospheric ozone is variability in the data, e.g., a factor of 3 in column amount at 8 of 10 stations. Seasonal and monthly means may not be robust quantities because statistics are frequently not Gaussian even at sites that are always in tropical air. Models and satellite retrievals should be evaluated on their capability for reproducing tropospheric variability and fine structure. A 1999–2000 ozone record from Paramaribo, Surinam (6°N, 55°W) (also in SHADOZ) shows a marked contrast to southern tropical ozone because Surinam is often north of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). A more representative tropospheric ozone climatology for models and satellite retrievals requires additional Northern Hemisphere tropical data. Published 31 January 2003. Index Terms: 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 1640 Global Change: Remote sensing; 3309 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Climatology (1620); 9305 Information Related to Geographic Region: Africa; 9325 Information Related to Geographic Region: Atlantic Ocean. Read Full Article (file size: 2998345 bytes) Cited by Citation: Thompson, A. M., et al. (2003), Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998–2000 tropical ozone climatology 2. Tropospheric variability and the zonal wave-one, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D2), 8241, doi:10.1029/2002JD002241. Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.

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