A global simulation of tropospheric ozone and related tracers: Description and evaluation of MOZART, version 2

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Read Full Article (file size: 16508800 bytes) Cited by JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. D24, 4784, doi:10.1029/2002JD002853, 2003 A global simulation of tropospheric ozone and related tracers: Description and evaluation of MOZART, version 2 Larry W. Horowitz Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA, Princeton, New Jersey, USA Stacy Walters National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA Denise L. Mauzerall Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA Louisa K. Emmons National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA Philip J. Rasch National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA Claire Granier Aeronomy Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA Service d'Aeronomie, University of Paris, Paris, France Xuexi Tie National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA Jean-François Lamarque National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA Martin G. Schultz Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany Geoffrey S. Tyndall National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA John J. Orlando National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA Guy P. Brasseur Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany Abstract We have developed a global three-dimensional chemical transport model called Model of Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART), version 2. This model, which will be made available to the community, is built on the framework of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry (MATCH) and can easily be driven with various meteorological inputs and model resolutions. In this work, we describe the standard configuration of the model, in which the model is driven by meteorological inputs every 3 hours from the middle atmosphere version of the NCAR Community Climate Model (MACCM3) and uses a 20-min time step and a horizontal resolution of 2.8° latitude × 2.8° longitude with 34 vertical levels extending up to approximately 40 km. The model includes a detailed chemistry scheme for tropospheric ozone, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbon chemistry, with 63 chemical species. Tracer advection is performed using a flux-form semi-Lagrangian scheme with a pressure fixer. Subgrid-scale convective and boundary layer parameterizations are included in the model. Surface emissions include sources from fossil fuel combustion, biofuel and biomass burning, biogenic and soil emissions, and oceanic emissions. Parameterizations of dry and wet deposition are included. Stratospheric concentrations of several long-lived species (including ozone) are constrained by relaxation toward climatological values. The distribution of tropospheric ozone is well simulated in the model, including seasonality and horizontal and vertical gradients. However, the model tends to overestimate ozone near the tropopause at high northern latitudes. Concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and nitric acid (HNO₃) agree well with observed values, but peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) is overestimated by the model in the upper troposphere at several locations. Carbon monoxide (CO) is simulated well at most locations, but the seasonal cycle is underestimated at some sites in the Northern Hemisphere. We find that in situ photochemical production and loss dominate the tropospheric ozone budget, over input from the stratosphere and dry deposition. Approximately 75% of the tropospheric production and loss of ozone occurs within the tropics, with large net production in the tropical upper troposphere. Tropospheric production and loss of ozone are three to four times greater in the northern extratropics than the southern extratropics. The global sources of CO consist of photochemical production (55%) and direct emissions (45%). The tropics dominate the chemistry of CO, accounting for about 75% of the tropospheric production and loss. The global budgets of tropospheric ozone and CO are generally consistent with the range found in recent studies. The lifetime of methane (9.5 years) and methylchloroform (5.7 years) versus oxidation by tropospheric hydroxyl radical (OH), two useful measures of the global abundance of OH, agree well with recent estimates. Concentrations of nonmethane hydrocarbons and oxygenated intermediates (carbonyls and peroxides) generally agree well with observations. Received 16 August 2002; accepted 14 July 2003; published 24 December 2003. Index Terms: 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—constituent transport and chemistry; 1610 Global Change: Atmosphere (0315, 0325); 3210 Mathematical Geophysics: Modeling. Read Full Article (file size: 16508800 bytes) Cited by Citation: Horowitz, L. W., et al. (2003), A global simulation of tropospheric ozone and related tracers: Description and evaluation of MOZART, version 2, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), 4784, doi:10.1029/2002JD002853. Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.

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