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JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH,
VOL. 108, NO. D23,
8639,
doi:10.1029/2002JD003256,
2003
Water-soluble dicarboxylic acids in the tropospheric aerosols collected over east Asia and western North Pacific by ACE-Asia
C-130 aircraft
K. Kawamura
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
N. Umemoto
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
M. Mochida
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
T. Bertram
School of Oceanography and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
S. Howell
School of Oceanography and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
B. J. Huebert
School of Oceanography and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
Abstract
Tropospheric aerosols were collected during C-130 aircraft campaign over the east Asia/Pacific region in April to May 2001
and were analyzed for low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids. Homologous series of C2–C5 dicarboxylic acids were detected, for the first time, in the polluted troposphere in the Asian region using aircraft. Oxalic
acid (C2) was found to be the most abundant species followed by malonic (C3) or succinic (C4) acid. Total concentrations of C2–C5 diacids (44–870 ng m−3, average 310 ng m−3) are similar to those reported in urban Tokyo near the ground level. Concentrations of oxalic acid showed a positive correlation
(r2 = 0.70) with total organic carbon (TOC), although other diacids showed weaker positive correlation. These results suggest
that water-soluble dicarboxylic acids and TOC were emitted from similar sources on the ground in the Asian continent and/or
produced by the photochemical oxidation of anthropogenic organic compounds in the atmosphere. The diacid-carbons were found
to comprise 0.2–3.3% (average 1.8%) of TOC. Water-soluble dicarboxylic acids may play an important role in controlling the
chemical and physical properties of organic aerosols in the polluted troposphere over the east Asia and the western Pacific.
Received 30
November
2002;
accepted 30
April
2003;
published 1
October
2003.
Index Terms: 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801); 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution—urban and regional (0305); 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—constituent transport and chemistry; 9355 Information Related to Geographic Region: Pacific Ocean.
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Citation: Kawamura, K., N. Umemoto, M. Mochida, T. Bertram, S. Howell, and B. J. Huebert
(2003),
Water-soluble dicarboxylic acids in the tropospheric aerosols collected over east Asia and western North Pacific by ACE-Asia
C-130 aircraft,
J. Geophys. Res.,
108(D23),
8639,
doi:10.1029/2002JD003256.
Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.
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