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Global ocean response to orbital forcing in the Holocene
Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA
Global upper ocean evolution in the Holocene is studied in two coupled ocean-atmosphere models under orbital forcing conditions at 3, 6, 8, and 11 ka. The annual mean sea surface temperature (SST) changes in the early to mid-Holocene are found to be forced mainly by the annual mean insolation forcing with an overall symmetric response of colder equator (<0.5°C)/warmer high latitudes (<0.4°C in the Southern Ocean and >1°C in the Arctic). This SST change is consistent with a synthesis of mid-Holocene paleo-SST records. In contrast, the temperature response in the thermocline is dominated by an antisymmetric pattern with a cooling (warming) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere midlatitudes. The thermocline response is determined predominantly by surface water subduction, and ultimately, the insolation forcing in local late winter.
Received 12 June 2002; accepted 4 March 2003; published 22 May 2003.
Citation: (2003), Global ocean response to orbital forcing in the Holocene, Paleoceanography, 18(2), 1041, doi:10.1029/2002PA000819.
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