Abstract
Nonideal transport of solute and colloidal tracers through reactive zeolite/iron pellets
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, New York, USA
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
Department of Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA
Solute and colloidal tracer tests were conducted in laboratory columns to examine the hydraulic properties of a foamed zeolite/iron
pellet material that was developed for in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater. The colloidal tracer (1 μm polystyrene
microspheres) moved through the columns much faster than the nonreactive solute tracer tritiated water, reflecting the interpellet
preferential flow paths in the packed material. Flow interruption experiments with tritium and bromide showed concentration
rebound of both tracers after the interruption (during elution), indicating the existence of nonadvective zones inside the
pellets. Inverse modeling of microsphere data using a physical nonequilibrium transport model yielded immobile water content
(
im
) equivalent to the intrapellet porosity (0.40), suggesting that the microspheres were excluded from the small intrapellet
pores and could only move through the large interpellet pore spaces. Inverse modeling of tritium data using physical nonequilibrium
and dual-permeability dual-porosity models yielded
im
values of 0.1–0.2, confirming the existence of nonadvective zones inside the pellets as suggested by the flow interruption
experiments. The dual-permeability dual-porosity model also indicated that 6–11% of the total porosity was preferential flow
porosity, consistent with the observation of enhanced microsphere transport with respect to tritiated water. Forward modeling
with the dual-permeability dual-porosity model suggested that the immobile water in the pellets would not significantly affect
the removal efficiency of contaminants subject to sorption and reduction. In contrast, the preferential flow porosity would
drastically lower the contaminant removal efficiency.
Received 1 July 2003; accepted 23 February 2004; published 17 April 2004.
Citation: (2004), Nonideal transport of solute and colloidal tracers through reactive zeolite/iron pellets, Water Resour. Res., 40, W04207, doi:10.1029/2003WR002445.
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