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One million year old groundwater in the Sahara revealed by krypton-81 and chlorine-36
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
Physics Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
Institute of Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Department of Geology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
Institute of Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
Institute of Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Department of Geology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
Egyptian Geological Survey and Mining Authority, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Geology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Geology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Geology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Measurements of 81Kr/Kr in deep groundwater from the Nubian Aquifer (Egypt) were performed by a new laser-based atom-counting method. 81Kr ages range from ∼2 × 105 to ∼1 × 106 yr, correlate with 36Cl/Cl ratios, and are consistent with lateral flow of groundwater from a recharge area near the Uweinat Uplift in SW Egypt. Low δ2H values of the 81Kr-dated groundwater reveal a recurrent Atlantic moisture source during Pleistocene pluvial periods. These results indicate that the 81Kr method for dating old groundwater is robust and such measurements can now be applied to a wide range of hydrologic problems.
Received 8 December 2003; accepted 12 February 2004; published 12 March 2004.
Citation: (2004), One million year old groundwater in the Sahara revealed by krypton-81 and chlorine-36, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L05503, doi:10.1029/2003GL019234.
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