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Seasonal variation of CO2 saturation in the Gulf of Bothnia: Indications of marine net heterotrophy
Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University, Hörnefors, Sweden
Department of Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Seasonal variation of pCO2 and primary and bacterioplankton production were measured in the Gulf of Bothnia during an annual cycle. Surface water was supersaturated with CO2 on an annual basis, indicating net heterotrophy and a source of CO2 to the atmosphere. However, the Gulf of Bothnia oscillated between being a sink and a source of CO2 over the studied period, largely decided by temporal variation in bacterial respiration (BR) and primary production (PP) in the water column above the pycnocline. The calculated annual respiration-production balance (BR-PP) was very similar to the estimated CO2 emission from the Gulf of Bothnia, which indicates that these processes were major determinants of the exchange of CO2 between water and atmosphere. The southern basin (the Bothnian Sea) had a lower net release of CO2 to the atmosphere than the northern Bothnian Bay (7.1 and 9.7 mmol C m−2 d−1, respectively), due to higher primary production, which to a larger extent balanced respiration in this basin.
Received 2 February 2004; accepted 14 September 2004; published 24 November 2004.
Citation: (2004), Seasonal variation of CO2 saturation in the Gulf of Bothnia: Indications of marine net heterotrophy, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB4021, doi:10.1029/2004GB002232.
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