Abstract
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH,
VOL. 109,
B09202,
11 PP., 2004
doi:10.1029/2004JB003059
Experimental rock-on-rock frictional wear: Application to subglacial abrasion
Rock Deformation Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Rock Deformation Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Rock-on-rock wear under known normal loads was measured experimentally using 62 mm diameter rotating discs machined from a
range of silicic rock types: one granite, two metamorphic rocks, and three sandstones of porosities varying between 7% and
28%. Wear debris was removed continuously from the contacting surfaces by water. We obtained a wear law of the form dT/dx = Aσ
n
m
, where σ is contact normal stress (MPa), dT/dx is a dimensionless wear rate (meter wear (T) per meter shear displacement (x)),
is porosity, and A, n, and m are empirical constants, 10−8.11, 8.33, and 4.50, respectively. Low-porosity rocks displayed surface polishing, and abraded particle size was substantially
smaller than the starting grain size. Whole grains were plucked from high-porosity rocks, without any surface polishing, so
that the wear product particle size remained the same as that of the starting material. The empirical wear law describes abrasion
beneath a hard-bedded temperate glacier, provided we can estimate both the in situ normal stress between entrained clasts
and the bed and the horizontal velocity of the clasts in the flowing ice. Normal stress concentration is expected to develop
at clast/bed contacts from drag against ice flowing toward the bed, where pressure melting occurs. These experimental data
are consistent with wear rates inferred from silt outflow in subglacial streams, provided a tenfold stress concentration can
occur relative to the ice overburden pressure. The rate of production of fine-grained wear products under subglacial conditions
is substantially less than by tectonic faulting.
Received 2 March 2004; accepted 29 June 2004; published 3 September 2004.
Citation: (2004), Experimental rock-on-rock frictional wear: Application to subglacial abrasion, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B09202, doi:10.1029/2004JB003059.
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