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A quantitative assessment of the 1998 carbon monoxide emission anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere based on total column and surface concentration measurements
Frontier Research System for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Moscow, Russia
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
Radio and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Potsdam, Germany
Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Potsdam, Germany
Radio and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
University of California, Davis, California, USA
Carbon monoxide abundances in the atmosphere have been measured between January 1996 and December 2001 in the high Northern Hemisphere (HNH) (30°–90°N) using two different approaches: total column amounts of CO retrieved from infrared solar spectra and CO mixing ratios measured in situ at ground-based stations. The data were averaged, and anomalies of the CO HNH burden (deviations of the total tropospheric mass between 30°N and 90°N from the mean seasonal profile, determined as the 5 year average) were analyzed. The anomalies obtained from in situ and total column data agree well and both show two maxima, by far the largest in October 1998 and a lower one in August 1996. A noticeable decrease of the positive 1998 summer anomaly with increasing height was found. A box model was applied, and anomalies in source rates were obtained under the assumption of insignificant interannual sink variations. In August 1998 the HNH emission anomaly was estimated to be 38 Tg month−1. The annual 1998 emission positive anomaly was 96 Tg yr−1. Nearly all excess CO may be attributed to the emissions from boreal forest fires. According to available inventories, biomass burning emits around 52 Tg yr−1 during the “normal” years; therefore total biomass emissions in 1998 were as large as 148 Tg yr−1. In August 1998, CO contribution from the biomass burning was twice as large as that from fossil fuel combustion. The results were compared to available emission inventories.
Received 22 January 2004; accepted 3 June 2004; published 6 August 2004.
Citation: (2004), A quantitative assessment of the 1998 carbon monoxide emission anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere based on total column and surface concentration measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15305, doi:10.1029/2004JD004559.
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