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JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH,
VOL. 110,
D18106,
doi:10.1029/2005JD005860,
2005
Meridional circulation and the surface pressure change associated with the Southern Annular Mode: Comparison with the Arctic
Oscillation
Yuhji Kuroda
Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
Abstract
Eddy forced meridional circulation and corresponding surface pressure change associated with the month-to-month variability
of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) are examined in the framework of the Eulerian mean dynamics, and they are compared with
those of the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Effect of wave forcings on the surface pressure was diagnosed by means of a zonal mean
quasi-geostrophic model on the sphere. It is found that the surface pressure change associated with the SAM is mainly produced
by the meridional circulation driven by mechanical and thermal eddy forcings of zonal wave number 1 and mechanical forcing
by high-frequency transient eddies. This contrasts with the surface pressure change associated with the AO, which is produced
by the mechanical forcing by zonal wave number 2 or 3 and high-frequency transient eddies. Close relationship between the
meridional circulation and surface pressure was found not only for the month-to-month variability but also for the decadal
variability as also observed for the AO.
Received 9
February
2005;
accepted 13
June
2005;
published 30
September
2005.
Keywords: Southern Annular Mode;
meridional circulation;
surface pressure change.
Index Terms: 3309 Atmospheric Processes: Climatology (1616, 1620, 3305, 4215, 8408); 3362 Atmospheric Processes: Stratosphere/troposphere interactions; 1620 Global Change: Climate dynamics (0429, 3309).
Read Full Article (file size: 1235517 bytes) Cited by
Citation: Kuroda, Y.
(2005),
Meridional circulation and the surface pressure change associated with the Southern Annular Mode: Comparison with the Arctic
Oscillation,
J. Geophys. Res.,
110,
D18106,
doi:10.1029/2005JD005860.
Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.
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