Abstract
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH,
VOL. 110,
D23309,
9 PP., 2005
doi:10.1029/2005JD006303
Correlations and emission ratios among bromoform, dibromochloromethane, and dibromomethane in the atmosphere
Environmental Chemistry Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Department of Geophysics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Frontier Research Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth. Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
Atmospheric Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Meteorological Service of Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
Environmental Chemistry Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
Environmental Chemistry Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
Bromoform (CHBr3), dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl), and dibromomethane (CH2Br2) in the atmosphere were measured at various sites, including tropical islands, the Arctic, and the open Pacific Ocean. Up to 40 ppt of bromoform was observed along the coasts of tropical islands under a sea breeze. Polybromomethane concentrations were highly correlated among the coastal samples, and the ratios CH2Br2/CHBr3 and CHBr2Cl/CHBr3 showed a clear tendency to decrease with increasing CHBr3 concentration. These findings are consistent with the observations that polybromomethanes are emitted mostly from macroalgae whose growth is highly localized to coastal areas and that CHBr3 has the shortest lifetime among these three compounds. The relationship between the concentration ratios CHBr3/CH2Br2 and CHBr2Cl/CH2Br2 suggested a large mixing/dilution effect on bromomethane ratios in coastal regions and yielded a rough estimate of 9 for the molar emission ratio of CHBr3/CH2Br2 and of 0.7 for that of CHBr2Cl/CH2Br2. Using these ratios and an global emission estimate for CH2Br2 (61 Gg/yr (Br)) calculated from its background concentration, the global emission rates of CHBr3 and CHBr2Cl were calculated to be approximately 820(±310) Gg/yr (Br) and 43(±16) Gg/yr (Br), respectively, assuming that the bromomethanes ratios measured in this study are global representative. The estimated CHBr3 emission is consistent with that estimated in a very recent study by integrating the sea-to-air flux database. Thus the contribution of CHBr3 and CHBr2Cl to inorganic Br in the atmosphere is likely to be more important than previously thought.
Received 1 June 2005; accepted 6 October 2005; published 13 December 2005.
Citation: (2005), Correlations and emission ratios among bromoform, dibromochloromethane, and dibromomethane in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D23309, doi:10.1029/2005JD006303.
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