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Elevated mercury measured in snow and frost flowers near Arctic sea ice leads
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Fort Wainwright, Alaska, USA
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Fort Wainwright, Alaska, USA
Department of Chemistry and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
Elevated mercury concentrations have been reported in arctic coastal snow far from emission sources. The mercury is deposited during mercury depletion events (MDEs), a set of photochemical atmospheric reactions involving reactive halogens. The highest mercury concentrations are clustered near the coast, leading to speculation that sea ice or sea ice leads play a role in MDEs. The nature of this connection is not fully understood. We report mercury concentrations up to 820 ng/L in snow and frost flowers along sea ice leads near Barrow, Alaska. These concentrations are nine times higher than values from nearby coastal snow and are almost half of the mercury maximum contaminant level in United States drinking water. The high values were found only near leads that had convective plumes above open water suggesting that the same processes that produce a supersaturated environment for water vapor near sea ice leads may be instrumental in mercury deposition.
Received 1 December 2004; accepted 28 January 2005; published 25 February 2005.
Citation: (2005), Elevated mercury measured in snow and frost flowers near Arctic sea ice leads, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L04502, doi:10.1029/2004GL022132.
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