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Nighttime OClO in the winter Arctic vortex
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS, Université d'Orléans, Orleans, France
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS, Université d'Orléans, Orleans, France
Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/CNRS, Université d'Orléans, Orleans, France
Institut für Umweltphysik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Institut für Umweltphysik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Institut für Umweltphysik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Aeronomy Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Aeronomy Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Aeronomy Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
We show that a nighttime profile of OClO in the Arctic vortex during the winter of 2000 is overestimated, by nearly a factor of 2, using an isentropic trajectory model constrained by observed profiles of ClO x (ClO + 2 × ClOOCl) and BrO. Calculated abundances of nighttime OClO are shown to be sensitive to the abundance of BrO x (BrO + BrCl), details of the air parcel history during the most recent sunrise/sunset transitions, and the BrCl yield from the reaction BrO + ClO. Many uncertainties are considered, and the discrepancy between measured and modeled nighttime OClO appears to be robust. This discrepancy suggests that production of OClO occurs more slowly than implied by standard photochemistry. If the yield of BrCl from the reaction of BrO + ClO is increased from 7% (JPL 2002 value) to 11% (near the upper limit of the uncertainty), good agreement is found between measured and modeled nighttime OClO. This study highlights the importance of accurate knowledge of BrO + ClO reaction kinetics as well as air parcel trajectories for proper interpretation of nighttime OClO. These factors have a considerably smaller impact on the interpretation of OClO observations obtained during twilight (90° ≤ SZA ≤ 92°), when photolytic processes are still active.
Received 18 May 2004; accepted 27 September 2004; published 4 January 2005.
Citation: (2005), Nighttime OClO in the winter Arctic vortex, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D01301, doi:10.1029/2004JD005035.
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