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An investigation of the chemistry of ship emission plumes during ITCT 2002
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Ball Aerospace, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Marine Policy Program, Graduate College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA
A ship emission plume experiment was conducted about 100 km off the California coast during the NOAA Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation (ITCT) 2K2 airborne field campaign. Measurements of chemical species were made from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft in eight consecutive transects of a ship plume around midday during 2.5 hours of flight. The measured species include NOx, HNO3, peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN), SO2, H2SO4, O3, CO, CO2, nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and particle number and size distributions. Observations demonstrate a NOx lifetime of ∼1.8 hours inside the ship plume compared to ∼6.5 hours (at noontime) in the moderately polluted background marine boundary layer of the experiment. This confirms the earlier hypothesis of highly enhanced in-plume NOx destruction. Consequently, one would expect the impact of ship emissions is much less severe than those predicted by global models that do not include rapid NOx destruction. Photochemical model calculations suggest that more than 80% of the NOx loss was due to the NO2 + OH reaction; the remainder was by PAN formation. The model underestimated in-plume NOx loss rate by about 30%. In addition, a comparison of measured to predicted H2SO4 in the plumes suggests that the photochemical model predicts OH variability reasonably well but may underestimate actual values. Predictions of in-plume O3 production agree well with the observations, suggesting that model-predicted peroxy radical (HO2 + RO2) levels are reasonable. The model estimated ozone production efficiency ranges from 6 to 30. The largest model bias was seen in the comparison with measured HNO3. The model overestimated in-plume HNO3 by about a factor of 6. This is most likely caused by underestimated HNO3 sinks possibly involving particle scavenging. However, limited data availability precluded a conclusive test of this possible loss process.
Received 15 July 2004; accepted 28 December 2004; published 20 May 2005.
Citation: (2005), An investigation of the chemistry of ship emission plumes during ITCT 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S90, doi:10.1029/2004JD005236.
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