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GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,
VOL. 32,
L14710,
4 PP., 2005
doi:10.1029/2005GL022986
Seasonal transition of predominant precipitation type and lightning activity over tropical monsoon areas derived from TRMM observations
Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
Institute of Observational Research for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
Institute of Observational Research for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
Okinawa Subtropical Environment Remote-Sensing Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
Division of Geoenvironmental Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Monthly statistics from TRMM-PR and LIS observations for the three years 1998 to 2000 describe large-scale features in rainfall and lightning activity during pre-monsoon and monsoon periods of the Asian and South American summer monsoons. Heavy (∼5–10 mm/day) pre-monsoon rainfall in the one or two months before onset was widespread mainly over land. Pre-monsoon rainfall was highly convective and characterized by active lightning, a high ratio of convective rain, and high echo tops. After onset, in contrast, intense rains also occurred over the ocean and land, however, convective intensity over land was diminished. Lightning activity was suppressed over the Amazon basin and Bangladesh during the latter half of the summer monsoon.
Received 15 March 2005; accepted 29 June 2005; published 27 July 2005.
Citation: (2005), Seasonal transition of predominant precipitation type and lightning activity over tropical monsoon areas derived from TRMM observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14710, doi:10.1029/2005GL022986.
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