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Observational evidence of sensitivity of surface climate changes to land types and urbanization
Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Sensitivity of surface climate change to land types is investigated for the Northern Hemisphere by subtracting the reanalysis from the observed surface temperature (OMR). The basis of this approach is that while reanalysis represents the large-scale climate changes due to greenhouse gases and atmospheric circulation, it is less sensitive to regional surface processes associated with land types. OMR trends derived from two independent reanalyses (ERA40 and NNR) and two observations (CRU and GHCN) show similar dependence upon land types, suggesting the attribution of OMRs to different land types is robust. OMR trends reveal 1) Warming over barren areas is larger than most other land types. 2) Urban areas show large warming second only to barren areas. 3) Croplands with agricultural activity show a larger warming than natural broadleaf forests. The overall assessment indicates surface warming is larger for areas that are barren, anthropogenically developed, or covered with needle-leaf forests.
Received 1 August 2005; accepted 19 October 2005; published 30 November 2005.
Citation: (2005), Observational evidence of sensitivity of surface climate changes to land types and urbanization, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L22712, doi:10.1029/2005GL024267.
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