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GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 33, L14712, doi:10.1029/2006GL026359, 2006

Evidence for trends in the Northern Hemisphere water cycle

Paul A. Dirmeyer

Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, Maryland, USA


Kaye L. Brubaker

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA


Abstract

We have applied a unique water vapor tracing algorithm using observed precipitation and atmospheric analyses for the period 1979–2003 to estimate water budgets and recycling ratio (the fraction of precipitation over a region that originated as evaporation from the same region) over land areas across the globe. Over most mid- and high-latitude areas, a strong annual cycle of recycling ratio exists; low during winter when storm tracks are active, tropospheric circulation strong, and surface evaporation rates low, high during summer when winds are light and evaporation is greater. Trends in recycling ratio have been found over large areas at high-latitudes that are consistent with an expansion into spring of the warm-season regime of water vapor recycling. These trends are consistent with observed vegetation-related changes often attributed to global climate change, and are most evident over northern Europe and North America where the density of meteorological data influencing the atmospheric analyses is high. Less extensive trends are found in other seasons.

Received 20 March 2006; accepted 15 June 2006; published 29 July 2006.

Index Terms: 1655 Global Change: Water cycles (1836); 1876 Hydrology: Water budgets; 1818 Hydrology: Evapotranspiration; 1833 Hydrology: Hydroclimatology; 1843 Hydrology: Land/atmosphere interactions (1218, 1631, 3322).

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Citation: Dirmeyer, P. A., and K. L. Brubaker (2006), Evidence for trends in the Northern Hemisphere water cycle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L14712, doi:10.1029/2006GL026359.