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GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 33, L06718, doi:10.1029/2005GL025591, 2006

Long-term persistence in climate and the detection problem

Diego Rybski

Institut für Theoretische Physik III, Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany


Armin Bunde

Institut für Theoretische Physik III, Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany


Shlomo Havlin

Minerva Center and Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel


Hans von Storch

Institute for Coastal Research, GKSS Research Centre, Geesthacht, Germany


Abstract

We have analyzed six recently reconstructed records (Jones et al., 1998; Mann et al., 1999; Briffa, 2000; Esper et al., 2002; McIntyre and McKitrick, 2003; and Moberg et al., 2005) of the Northern Hemisphere temperatures and found that all are governed by long-term persistence. Due to the long-term persistence, the mean temperature variations σ(m, L) between L years, obtained from moving averages over m years, are considerably larger than for uncorrelated or short-term correlated records. We compare the values for σ(m, L) with the most recent temperature changes ΔT i (m, L) in the corresponding instrumental record and determine the year i c where ΔT i (m, L)/σ(m, L) exceeds a certain threshold and the first year i d when this could be detected. We find, for example, that for the climatologically relevant parameters m = 30, L = 100, and the threshold 2.5, the values (i c , i d ) range, for all records, between (1976, 1990) for Mann et al. (1999) and (1988, 2002) for Jones et al. (1998). Accordingly, the hypothesis that at least part of the recent warming cannot be solely related to natural factors, may be accepted with a very low risk, independently of the database used.

Received 22 December 2005; accepted 21 February 2006; published 31 March 2006.

Index Terms: 1620 Global Change: Climate dynamics (0429, 3309); 3305 Atmospheric Processes: Climate change and variability (1616, 1635, 3309, 4215, 4513); 4475 Nonlinear Geophysics: Scaling: spatial and temporal (1872, 3270, 4277).

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Citation: Rybski, D., A. Bunde, S. Havlin, and H. von Storch (2006), Long-term persistence in climate and the detection problem, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06718, doi:10.1029/2005GL025591.