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AGU: Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth

 

Keywords

  • decoupling
  • chemical explosion

Index Terms

  • Seismology: Seismic monitoring and test-ban treaty verification
  • Seismology: Theory
  • Seismology: Computational seismology
Abstract
Cited By (1)
 

Abstract

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 111, B04306, 18 PP., 2006
doi:10.1029/2005JB003768

Analysis and simulation of chemical explosions in nonspherical cavities in granite

Jeffry L. Stevens

Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego, California, USA

Steven Gibbons

NORSAR, Kjeller, Norway

Norton Rimer

Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego, California, USA

Heming Xu

Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego, California, USA

Conrad Lindholm

NORSAR, Kjeller, Norway

Frode Ringdal

NORSAR, Kjeller, Norway

Tormod Kvaerna

NORSAR, Kjeller, Norway

John R. Murphy

Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego, California, USA

We analyze data from 15 decoupled chemical explosions conducted from 1986 to 2002 in Älvdalen, Sweden, recorded on regional seismic stations NORES, HFS, and NORSAR. The explosions were conducted in three approximately rectangular granite chambers at a depth of 100 m in chambers with volumes of 200, 300, and 1000 m3 and yields ranging from 500 to 10,000 kg. The smallest explosions in the largest chamber are fully decoupled, while the other explosions are partially coupled, overdriven by up to a factor of 25. The data show that decoupling remains fairly constant for overdrive up to about a factor of 10 then decreases rapidly at higher yields. Several 1000 kg explosions were conducted in the two smaller chambers. These events did not appear in seismic bulletins; however, we were able to identify the waveform and to estimate the origin time using a waveform correlation procedure. For the more recent explosions, near-field data were recorded on pressure gauges in the chamber and adjacent tunnel and on velocity gauges in boreholes at several locations near the chamber. We have modeled these data using three-dimensional finite difference calculations. The calculations show enhanced signals in the direction along the small axis of the chamber and reduced signals near the long end of the tunnel. Although we do not have free-field data from all directions, the data for the available locations are consistent with these calculations.

Received 6 April 2005; accepted 18 January 2006; published 25 April 2006.

Citation: Stevens, J. L., S. Gibbons, N. Rimer, H. Xu, C. Lindholm, F. Ringdal, T. Kvaerna, and J. R. Murphy (2006), Analysis and simulation of chemical explosions in nonspherical cavities in granite, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B04306, doi:10.1029/2005JB003768.

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