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AGU: Journal of Geophysical Research, Atmospheres

 

Keywords

  • dioxins and furans
  • OH radical depletion
  • gas-particle partitioning

Index Terms

  • Biogeosciences: Contaminant and organic biogeochemistry
  • Geochemistry: Organic and biogenic geochemistry
  • Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Geochemical cycles
  • Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles
  • Geochemistry: Geochemical cycles
Abstract
Cited By (4)
 

Abstract

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 111, D21303, 11 PP., 2006
doi:10.1029/2005JD006923

Quantifying the importance of the atmospheric sink for polychlorinated dioxins and furans relative to other global loss processes

Rainer Lohmann

Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA

Elena Jurado

Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institut d'Investigacions Químiques i Ambientals de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain

Jordi Dachs

Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institut d'Investigacions Químiques i Ambientals de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain

Ulrike Lohmann

Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Kevin C. Jones

Environmental Sciences Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK

Previous attempts to establish global mass balances for polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) have focused on the terrestrial sink, thereby neglecting deposition to the oceans and atmospheric losses. In this study, the atmospheric sink of polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) was calculated on the basis of their presence in soils. OH radical ([OH]) depletion reactions compete with atmospheric deposition fluxes for the fate of atmospheric PCDD/Fs. Three different steady state scenarios were considered: scenario A was a one-box atmosphere with globally averaged [OH], temperature (T), atmospheric lifetime (tlife), and a constant gas-particle partitioning (Φ); in scenario B, [OH], T, and Φ were averaged in a multibox atmosphere, with a constant tlife; and in scenario C, tlife was varied. In scenario A the strength of the atmospheric sink was 2400–2800 kg/yr; in scenario B it was ∼2100 kg/yr; in scenario C, it was ∼1,800 kg/yr (tlife = 5.4 days) to ∼2,800 kg/yr (tlife = 14 days). The majority of the atmospheric sink was due to the depletion of Cl4DFs (1300–1400 kg/yr), followed by Cl4DDs (360–380 kg/yr) and Cl5DFs (230–240 kg/yr). On a global scale, major sinks for PCDD/Fs are the deposition to terrestrial soils and the oceans. For Cl6–8DDs, deposition to soils outweighs depletion reactions in the atmosphere and ocean uptake. The more volatile Cl4–5DD/Fs, however, are true “multimedia” compounds, with their estimated atmospheric sink being roughly as important as the terrestrial sink (in the case of Cl5DD/Fs) or outweighing it (e.g., Cl4DD/Fs).

Received 26 November 2005; accepted 11 July 2006; published 10 November 2006.

Citation: Lohmann, R., E. Jurado, J. Dachs, U. Lohmann, and K. C. Jones (2006), Quantifying the importance of the atmospheric sink for polychlorinated dioxins and furans relative to other global loss processes, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D21303, doi:10.1029/2005JD006923.

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