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JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH,
VOL. 111,
G03002,
10 PP., 2006
doi:10.1029/2005JG000158
An endobiont-bearing allogromiid from the Santa Barbara Basin: Implications for the early diversification of foraminifera
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
Our current understanding of paleoecology and paleoceanography is largely based on the superb Phanerozoic fossil record of foraminiferan protists. The early history of the group is unresolved, however, because basal foraminiferans (allogromiids) are unmineralized and thus fossilize poorly. Molecular-clock studies date foraminiferal origins to the Neoproterozoic, but the deep sea, one of Earth's most extensive habitats and presently hosting a significant fraction of basal foraminiferal diversity, was probably anoxic at that time and, until now, anaerobic allogromiids were unknown. Molecular, cell, and ecological analyses reveal the presence of a previously unknown allogromiid inhabiting anoxic, sulfidic deep-sea sediments (Santa Barbara Basin, California). The fact that the new foraminifer harbors prokaryotic endobionts implicates symbiogenesis as a driving force in early foraminiferal diversification.
Received 31 December 2005; accepted 5 April 2006; published 19 July 2006.
Citation: (2006), An endobiont-bearing allogromiid from the Santa Barbara Basin: Implications for the early diversification of foraminifera, J. Geophys. Res., 111, G03002, doi:10.1029/2005JG000158.
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