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WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH,
VOL. 42,
W10410,
doi:10.1029/2005WR004787,
2006
Quantifying surface water–groundwater interactions using time series analysis of streambed thermal records: Method development
Christine E. Hatch
Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
Andrew T. Fisher
Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
Justin S. Revenaugh
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Jim Constantz
U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, USA
Chris Ruehl
Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
Abstract
We present a method for determining streambed seepage rates using time series thermal data. The new method is based on quantifying
changes in phase and amplitude of temperature variations between pairs of subsurface sensors. For a reasonable range of streambed
thermal properties and sensor spacings the time series method should allow reliable estimation of seepage rates for a range
of at least ±10 m d−1 (±1.2 × 10−2 m s−1), with amplitude variations being most sensitive at low flow rates and phase variations retaining sensitivity out to much
higher rates. Compared to forward modeling, the new method requires less observational data and less setup and data handling
and is faster, particularly when interpreting many long data sets. The time series method is insensitive to streambed scour
and sedimentation, which allows for application under a wide range of flow conditions and allows time series estimation of
variable streambed hydraulic conductivity. This new approach should facilitate wider use of thermal methods and improve understanding
of the complex spatial and temporal dynamics of surface water–groundwater interactions.
Received 3
December
2005;
accepted 16
June
2006;
published 11
October
2006.
Keywords: groundwater/surface water interaction;
heat as a tracer;
seepage.
Index Terms: 0495 Biogeosciences: Water/energy interactions (1878); 1830 Hydrology: Groundwater/surface water interaction; 1878 Hydrology: Water/energy interactions (0495); 1895 Hydrology: Instruments and techniques: monitoring; 3270 Mathematical Geophysics: Time series analysis (1872, 4277, 4475); 4275 Oceanography: General: Remote sensing and electromagnetic processes (0689, 2487, 3285, 4455, 6934).
Read Full Article (file size: 1246731 bytes) Cited by
Citation: Hatch, C. E., A. T. Fisher, J. S. Revenaugh, J. Constantz, and C. Ruehl
(2006),
Quantifying surface water–groundwater interactions using time series analysis of streambed thermal records: Method development,
Water Resour. Res.,
42,
W10410,
doi:10.1029/2005WR004787.
Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.
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