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GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS,
VOL. 8,
Q08011,
doi:10.1029/2006GC001493,
2007
Effects of acidification and primary production on coccolith weight: Implications for carbonate transfer from the surface
to the deep ocean
Luc Beaufort
CEREGE, CNRS-Aix-Marseille Universités, BP 80, F-13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 04, France
Ian Probert
Algobank, Universitéde Caen, F-14032 CAEN Cedex, France EPPO, UMR7144, CNRS – Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29680 Roscoff, France
Noelle Buchet
CEREGE, CNRS-Aix-Marseille Universités, BP 80, F-13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 04, France
Abstract
The coccolithophores are not only an important group of oceanic primary producers; they are also one of the main carbonate
producers in the ocean. Because the calcium carbonate plates (coccoliths) secreted by these unicellular algae are so small
and light (a few picograms each), they cannot be directly weighed, with the result that very little is known about the effect
of primary production and dissolution on the coccoliths. Using a new method that allows a rapid estimate of the weight of
discrete coccoliths, we analyzed the effect of dissolution. The results of two acidification experiments, using cultured and
fossil coccoliths, indicate that acidification does not change significantly the weight and size of coccoliths. On the basis
of these experiments, we identify four parameters for identifying the effects of dissolution on a coccolith assemblage. These
parameters were applied in samples from two sediment trap time series taken at the same tropical Atlantic site (EUMELI), but
separated by 2000 m water depth. There was no evidence of increased dissolution with water depth between 250 and 2500 m. This
is indicative of the absence of dissolution of coccoliths between the photic zone and the lysocline. Other studies have identified
supra-lysoclinal dissolution, and we propose that most of this takes place in the photic zone and possibly in the guts of
grazers. Most of the coccolith weight changes observed over the duration of trap deployment were related to the occurrence
of two coccolithophore blooms which resulted in significant increases in average coccolith weight of the dominant coccolithophore
species during the blooms. Changes in growth rate and cell density appear to have a significant effect on the weight of coccoliths.
To test this observation, we cultured E. huxleyi at different P and N concentrations. This test confirmed that coccoliths weigh more when coccolithophore production is highest.
An important consequence for the carbon pump is that during higher primary production events the coccoliths will increase
the ballasting of the aggregates in which they are carried to the seafloor, increasing the rate and amount of organic matter
sequestered into the deep sea.
Received 28
September
2006;
accepted 19
June
2007;
published 25
August
2007.
Keywords: carbonate dissolution;
coccolith;
sedimentation.
Index Terms: 0428 Biogeosciences: Carbon cycling (4806); 3030 Marine Geology and Geophysics: Micropaleontology (0459, 4944); 3022 Marine Geology and Geophysics: Marine sediments: processes and transport; 4855 Oceanography: Biological and Chemical: Phytoplankton; 4863 Oceanography: Biological and Chemical: Sedimentation (1861).
Read Full Article (file size: 905523 bytes) Cited by
Citation: Beaufort, L., I. Probert, and N. Buchet
(2007),
Effects of acidification and primary production on coccolith weight: Implications for carbonate transfer from the surface
to the deep ocean,
Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.,
8,
Q08011,
doi:10.1029/2006GC001493.
Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.
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