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AGU: Geophysical Research Letters

 

Keywords

  • VLF propagation
  • solar flare effect
  • FDTD

Index Terms

  • Ionosphere: Ionospheric disturbances
  • Ionosphere: Modeling and forecasting
  • Ionosphere: Wave propagation
  • Solar Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy: Flares

Abstract

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 34, L03103, 5 PP., 2007
doi:10.1029/2006GL028087

Solar flare induced D region perturbation in the ionosphere, as revealed from a short-distance VLF propagation path

Y. Todoroki

Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan

S. Maekawa

Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan

T. Yamauchi

Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan

T. Horie

Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan

M. Hayakawa

Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan

Short-distance (propagation distance less than 1,000 km) VLF subionospheric propagation is, for the first time, used to study the solar flare induced D-region perturbations of the lower ionosphere. We have used two years data for a propagation path from the Japanese VLF transmitter (call sign JJI, frequency = 22.2 kHz, and located at Ebino, Kyushu) to a receiving station of Chofu, Tokyo. For the sake of comparison, we have also used the long distance VLF path (NWC-Chofu). First of all, the value of perturbation in amplitude (ΔA) for the short-distance path seems to be much more enhanced (ΔA = 8∼9 dB) for this short-path than the long-distance paths previously studied. The experimental value of ΔA is found to monotonically increase with the logarithm of X-ray flux. This dependence is numerically simulated by means of the FDTD (finite difference time domain) method to deduce the D-region perturbation, {1 + C exp {−(zz 0)2/2β 2} (C: enhancement factor, z0: reference height and β: vertical extent) (this modification seems to be much more realistic than the previous two parameter modeling in an exponential profile). The numerical computations with z0 ∼60 km and β ∼ 10 km have shown that the value of ΔA increase up to ∼6 dB in a range of X-ray flux from C = 10 to C = 103. As the conclusion, the ΔA is closely related with the logarithm of solar X-ray flux, so that we will be able to deduce the C value from the observed ΔA value.

Received 12 September 2006; accepted 26 December 2006; published 3 February 2007.

Citation: Todoroki, Y., S. Maekawa, T. Yamauchi, T. Horie, and M. Hayakawa (2007), Solar flare induced D region perturbation in the ionosphere, as revealed from a short-distance VLF propagation path, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L03103, doi:10.1029/2006GL028087.

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