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Subionospheric VLF observations of transmitter-induced precipitation of inner radiation belt electrons
Space, Telecommunications, and Radioscience Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Space, Telecommunications, and Radioscience Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Space, Telecommunications, and Radioscience Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Space, Telecommunications, and Radioscience Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Space, Telecommunications, and Radioscience Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Space, Telecommunications, and Radioscience Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts, USA
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Arlington, Virginia, USA
Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts, USA
Ionospheric effects of energetic electron precipitation induced by controlled injection of VLF signals from a ground based transmitter are observed via subionospheric VLF remote sensing. The 21.4 kHz NPM transmitter in Lualualei, Hawaii is keyed ON-OFF in 30 minute periodic sequences. The same periodicity is observed in the amplitude and phase of the sub ionospherically propagating signals of the 24.8 kHz NLK (Jim Creek, Washington) and 25.2 kHz NLM (LaMoure, North Dakota) transmitters measured at Midway Island. Periodic perturbations of the NLK signal observed at Palmer, Antarctica suggest that energetic electrons scattered at longitudes of NPM continue to be precipitated into the atmosphere as they drift toward the South Atlantic Anomaly. Utilizing a model of the magnetospheric wave-particle interaction, ionospheric energy deposition, and subionospheric VLF propagation, the precipitated energy flux induced by the NPM transmitter is estimated to peak at L ∼ 2 and ∼ 1.6 × 10−4 ergs s−1 cm−2.
Received 17 October 2006; accepted 7 December 2006; published 23 January 2007.
Citation: (2007), Subionospheric VLF observations of transmitter-induced precipitation of inner radiation belt electrons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L02106, doi:10.1029/2006GL028494.
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