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JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH,
VOL. 112,
D08304,
doi:10.1029/2006JD007851,
2007
Transport in the subtropical lowermost stratosphere during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers–Florida
Area Cirrus Experiment
Jasna V. Pittman
Departments of Earth and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
Elliot M. Weinstock
Departments of Earth and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
Robert J. Oglesby
Department of Geosciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
David S. Sayres
Departments of Earth and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
Jessica B. Smith
Departments of Earth and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
James G. Anderson
Departments of Earth and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
Owen R. Cooper
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Steven C. Wofsy
Departments of Earth and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
Irene Xueref
Departments of Earth and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
Cristoph Gerbig
Departments of Earth and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
Bruce C. Daube
Departments of Earth and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA
Erik C. Richard
Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Brian A. Ridley
Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Andrew J. Weinheimer
Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Max Loewenstein
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
Hans-Jurg Jost
Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California, USA
Jimena P. Lopez
Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California, USA
Michael J. Mahoney
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
Thomas L. Thompson
Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
William W. Hargrove
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
Forrest M. Hoffman
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
Abstract
We use in situ measurements of water vapor (H2O), ozone (O3), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and total reactive nitrogen (NOy) obtained during the CRYSTAL-FACE campaign in July 2002 to study summertime transport in the subtropical lowermost stratosphere.
We use an objective methodology to distinguish the latitudinal origin of the sampled air masses despite the influence of convection,
and we calculate backward trajectories to elucidate their recent geographical history. The methodology consists of exploring
the statistical behavior of the data by performing multivariate clustering and agglomerative hierarchical clustering calculations
and projecting cluster groups onto principal component space to identify air masses of like composition and hence presumed
origin. The statistically derived cluster groups are then examined in physical space using tracer-tracer correlation plots.
Interpretation of the principal component analysis suggests that the variability in the data is accounted for primarily by
the mean age of air in the stratosphere, followed by the age of the convective influence, and last by the extent of convective
influence, potentially related to the latitude of convective injection (Dessler and Sherwood, 2004). We find that high-latitude
stratospheric air is the dominant source region during the beginning of the campaign while tropical air is the dominant source
region during the rest of the campaign. Influence of convection from both local and nonlocal events is frequently observed.
The identification of air mass origin is confirmed with backward trajectories, and the behavior of the trajectories is associated
with the North American monsoon circulation.
Received 28
July
2006;
accepted 21
November
2006;
published 20
April
2007.
Keywords: transport;
monsoon;
composition.
Index Terms: 0341 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry (3334); 3362 Atmospheric Processes: Stratosphere/troposphere interactions; 0340 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere: composition and chemistry; 3319 Atmospheric Processes: General circulation (1223).
Read Full Article (file size: 9723420 bytes) Cited by
Citation: Pittman, J. V., et al.
(2007),
Transport in the subtropical lowermost stratosphere during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers–Florida
Area Cirrus Experiment,
J. Geophys. Res.,
112,
D08304,
doi:10.1029/2006JD007851.
Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.
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