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GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES,
VOL. 22,
GB4013,
16 PP., 2008
doi:10.1029/2007GB003081
TransCom model simulations of hourly atmospheric CO2: Analysis of synoptic-scale variations for the period 2002–2003
Frontier Research Center for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan
CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
Earth Systems Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Department of Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, Netherlands
Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Frontier Research Center for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Gif Sur Yvette, France
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Gif Sur Yvette, France
National Environmental Research Institute, Department of Atmospheric Environment, University of Aarhus, Roskilde, Denmark
Earth Systems Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
National Environmental Research Institute, Department of Atmospheric Environment, University of Aarhus, Roskilde, Denmark
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Gif Sur Yvette, France
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
National Environmental Research Institute, Department of Atmospheric Environment, University of Aarhus, Roskilde, Denmark
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
Netherlands Institute for Space Research, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
Privacy Networks, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Department of Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, Netherlands
Netherlands Institute for Space Research, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Atmospheric Environment Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
Frontier Research Center for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan
Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Earth Simulator Center, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, Petten, Netherlands
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Gif Sur Yvette, France
Frontier Research Center for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan
Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Gif Sur Yvette, France
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, Petten, Netherlands
Science Systems and Applications Incorporated, Lanham, Maryland, USA
The ability to reliably estimate CO2 fluxes from current in situ atmospheric CO2 measurements and future satellite CO2 measurements is dependent on transport model performance at synoptic and shorter timescales. The TransCom continuous experiment was designed to evaluate the performance of forward transport model simulations at hourly, daily, and synoptic timescales, and we focus on the latter two in this paper. Twenty-five transport models or model variants submitted hourly time series of nine predetermined tracers (seven for CO2) at 280 locations. We extracted synoptic-scale variability from daily averaged CO2 time series using a digital filter and analyzed the results by comparing them to atmospheric measurements at 35 locations. The correlations between modeled and observed synoptic CO2 variabilities were almost always largest with zero time lag and statistically significant for most models and most locations. Generally, the model results using diurnally varying land fluxes were closer to the observations compared to those obtained using monthly mean or daily average fluxes, and winter was often better simulated than summer. Model results at higher spatial resolution compared better with observations, mostly because these models were able to sample closer to the measurement site location. The amplitude and correlation of model-data variability is strongly model and season dependent. Overall similarity in modeled synoptic CO2 variability suggests that the first-order transport mechanisms are fairly well parameterized in the models, and no clear distinction was found between the meteorological analyses in capturing the synoptic-scale dynamics.
Received 6 August 2007; accepted 31 July 2008; published 26 November 2008.
Citation: (2008), TransCom model simulations of hourly atmospheric CO2: Analysis of synoptic-scale variations for the period 2002–2003, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB4013, doi:10.1029/2007GB003081.
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