Pc1–Pc2 waves and energetic particle precipitation during and after magnetic storms: Superposed epoch analysis and case studies

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Read Full Article (file size: 3938003 bytes) Cited by JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 113, A01211, doi:10.1029/2007JA012362, 2008 Pc1–Pc2 waves and energetic particle precipitation during and after magnetic storms: Superposed epoch analysis and case studies M. J. Engebretson Department of Physics, Augsburg College, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA M. R. Lessard Space Science Center and Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA J. Bortnik Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA J. C. Green NOAA Space Environment Center, Boulder, Colorado, USA R. B. Horne British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, U.K D. L. Detrick Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA A. T. Weatherwax Department of Physics, Siena College, Loudonville, New York, USA J. Manninen Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, Sodankyla, Finland N. J. Petit Department of Computer Science, Augsburg College, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA J. L. Posch Department of Physics, Augsburg College, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA M. C. Rose British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, U.K Abstract Magnetic pulsations in the Pc1–Pc2 frequency range (0.1–5 Hz) are often observed on the ground and in the Earth's magnetosphere during the aftermath of geomagnetic storms. Numerous studies have suggested that they may play a role in reducing the fluxes of energetic ions in the ring current; more recent studies suggest they may interact parasitically with radiation belt electrons as well. We report here on observations during 2005 from search coil magnetometers and riometers installed at three Antarctic stations, Halley (−61.84° magnetic latitude, MLAT), South Pole (−74.18° MLAT), and McMurdo (−79.96° MLAT), and from energetic ion detectors on the NOAA Polar-orbiting Operational Environment Satellites (POES). A superposed epoch analysis based on 13 magnetic storms between April and September 2005 as well as case studies confirm several earlier studies that show that narrowband Pc1–Pc2 waves are rarely if ever observed on the ground during the main and early recovery phases of magnetic storms. However, intense broadband Pi1–Pi2 ULF noise, accompanied by strong riometer absorption signatures, does occur during these times. As storm recovery progresses, the occurrence of Pc1–Pc2 waves increases, at first in the daytime and especially afternoon sectors but at essentially all local times later in the recovery phase (typically by days 3 or 4). During the early storm recovery phase the propagation of Pc1–Pc2 waves through the ionospheric waveguide to higher latitudes was more severely attenuated. These observations are consistent with suggestions that Pc1–Pc2 waves occurring during the early recovery phase of magnetic storms are generated in association with plasmaspheric plumes in the noon-to-dusk sector, and these observations provide additional evidence that the propagation of waves to ground stations is inhibited during the early phases of such storms. Analysis of 30- to 250-keV proton data from four POES satellites during the 24–27 August and 18–19 July 2005 storm intervals showed that the location of the inner edge of the ring current matched well with the plasmapause model of O'Brien and Moldwin (2003). However, the POES data showed no evidence of the consequences of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves (localized proton precipitation) during main and early recovery phase. During later stages of the recovery phase, when such precipitation was observed, it was coincident with intense wave events at Halley, and it occurred at L shells near or up to 1 R _E outside the modeled plasmapause but well equatorward of the isotropy boundary. Received 22 February 2007; accepted 24 September 2007; published 24 January 2008. Keywords: ULF waves; EMIC waves; geomagnetic storms. Index Terms: 2716 Magnetospheric Physics: Energetic particles: precipitating; 2752 Magnetospheric Physics: MHD waves and instabilities (2149, 6050, 7836); 2774 Magnetospheric Physics: Radiation belts; 2788 Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetic storms and substorms (7954). Read Full Article (file size: 3938003 bytes) Cited by Citation: Engebretson, M. J., et al. (2008), Pc1–Pc2 waves and energetic particle precipitation during and after magnetic storms: Superposed epoch analysis and case studies, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A01211, doi:10.1029/2007JA012362. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.

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