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AGU: Journal of Geophysical Research, Atmospheres

 

Keywords

  • mixed-phase clouds
  • M-PACE
  • CAM3
  • AM2

Index Terms

  • Atmospheric Processes: Clouds and aerosols
  • Global Change: Global climate models
  • Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Cloud/radiation interaction
  • Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Cloud physics and chemistry
  • Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles
Abstract
Cited By (8)
 

Abstract

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 113, D04211, 16 PP., 2008
doi:10.1029/2007JD009225

Simulations of Arctic mixed-phase clouds in forecasts with CAM3 and AM2 for M-PACE

Shaocheng Xie

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA

James Boyle

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA

Stephen A. Klein

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA

Xiaohong Liu

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA

Steven Ghan

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA

Simulations of mixed-phase clouds in forecasts with the NCAR Atmosphere Model version 3 (CAM3) and the GFDL Atmospheric Model version 2 (AM2) for the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE) are performed using analysis data from numerical weather prediction centers. CAM3 significantly underestimates the observed boundary layer mixed-phase cloud fraction and cannot realistically simulate the variations of liquid water fraction with temperature and cloud height due to its oversimplified cloud microphysical scheme. In contrast, AM2 reasonably reproduces the observed boundary layer cloud fraction while its clouds contain much less cloud condensate than CAM3 and the observations. The simulation of the boundary layer mixed-phase clouds and their microphysical properties is considerably improved in CAM3 when a new physically based cloud microphysical scheme is used (CAM3LIU). The new scheme also leads to an improved simulation of the surface and top of the atmosphere longwave radiative fluxes. Sensitivity tests show that these results are not sensitive to the analysis data used for model initialization. Increasing model horizontal resolution helps capture the subgrid-scale features in Arctic frontal clouds but does not help improve the simulation of the single-layer boundary layer clouds. AM2 simulated cloud fraction and LWP are sensitive to the change in cloud ice number concentrations used in the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen process while CAM3LIU only shows moderate sensitivity in its cloud fields to this change. This paper shows that the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen process is important for these models to correctly simulate the observed features of mixed-phase clouds.

Received 26 July 2007; accepted 7 December 2007; published 29 February 2008.

Citation: Xie, S., J. Boyle, S. A. Klein, X. Liu, and S. Ghan (2008), Simulations of Arctic mixed-phase clouds in forecasts with CAM3 and AM2 for M-PACE, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D04211, doi:10.1029/2007JD009225.

Cited By

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