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JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH,
VOL. 113,
D11306,
20 PP., 2008
doi:10.1029/2007JD009391
Coupled chemistry climate model simulations of the solar cycle in ozone and temperature
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
PMOD/WRC and IAC ETHZ, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, SA-IPSL, B.102, Paris, France
NIWA, Omakau, Central Otago, New Zealand
Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
Met Office Climate Research Division, Devon, UK
Institute for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Meteorological Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan
Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
NCAS Centre for Global Atmospheric Modelling, Meteorology Department, Reading University, Reading, UK
Meteorological Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, SA-IPSL, B.102, Paris, France
Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy
Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Institut für Meteorologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
Meteorological Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
NIWA, Omakau, Central Otago, New Zealand
Institute for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
The 11-year solar cycles in ozone and temperature are examined using new simulations of coupled chemistry climate models. The results show a secondary maximum in stratospheric tropical ozone, in agreement with satellite observations and in contrast with most previously published simulations. The mean model response varies by up to about 2.5% in ozone and 0.8 K in temperature during a typical solar cycle, at the lower end of the observed ranges of peak responses. Neither the upper atmospheric effects of energetic particles nor the presence of the quasi biennial oscillation is necessary to simulate the lower stratospheric response in the observed low latitude ozone concentration. Comparisons are also made between model simulations and observed total column ozone. As in previous studies, the model simulations agree well with observations. For those models which cover the full temporal range 1960–2005, the ozone solar signal below 50 hPa changes substantially from the first two solar cycles to the last two solar cycles. Further investigation suggests that this difference is due to an aliasing between the sea surface temperatures and the solar cycle during the first part of the period. The relationship between these results and the overall structure in the tropical solar ozone response is discussed. Further understanding of solar processes requires improvement in the observations of the vertically varying and column integrated ozone.
Received 14 September 2007; accepted 26 March 2008; published 13 June 2008.
Citation: (2008), Coupled chemistry climate model simulations of the solar cycle in ozone and temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D11306, doi:10.1029/2007JD009391.
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