Sudden stratospheric warmings seen in MINOS deep underground muon data

doi:doi:10.1029/2008GL036359

Abstract

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 36, L05809, 6 PP., 2009
doi:10.1029/2008GL036359

Sudden stratospheric warmings seen in MINOS deep underground muon data

S. Osprey

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

J. Barnett

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

J. Smith

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

P. Adamson

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

C. Andreopoulos

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, UK

K. E. Arms

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

R. Armstrong

Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

D. J. Auty

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK

D. S. Ayres

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA

B. Baller

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

P. D. Barnes Jr.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA

G. D. Barr

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

W. L. Barrett

Physics Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA

B. R. Becker

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

A. Belias

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, UK

R. H. Bernstein

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

D. Bhattacharya

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

M. Bishai

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA

A. Blake

Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

G. J. Bock

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

J. Boehm

Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

D. J. Boehnlein

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

D. Bogert

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

C. Bower

Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

E. Buckley-Geer

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

S. Cavanaugh

Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

J. D. Chapman

Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

D. Cherdack

Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA

S. Childress

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

B. C. Choudhary

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

J. H. Cobb

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

S. J. Coleman

Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA

A. J. Culling

Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

J. K. de Jong

Physics Division, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

M. Dierckxsens

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA

M. V. Diwan

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA

M. Dorman

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK

S. A. Dytman

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

C. O. Escobar

Instituto de Fsica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

J. J. Evans

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

E. Falk

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK

G. J. Feldman

Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

M. V. Frohne

Physics Department, Benedictine University, Lisle, Illinois, USA

H. R. Gallagher

Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA

A. Godley

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

M. C. Goodman

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA

P. Gouffon

Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

R. Gran

Department of Physics, University of Minnesota at Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA

E. W. Grashorn

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

N. Grossman

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

K. Grzelak

Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland

A. Habig

Department of Physics, University of Minnesota at Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA

D. Harris

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

P. G. Harris

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK

J. Hartnell

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK

R. Hatcher

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

A. Himmel

Lauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

A. Holin

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK

J. Hylen

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

G. M. Irwin

Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

M. Ishitsuka

Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

D. E. Jaffe

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA

C. James

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

D. Jensen

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

T. Kafka

Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA

S. M. S. Kasahara

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

J. J. Kim

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

G. Koizumi

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

S. Kopp

Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA

M. Kordosky

Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA

D. J. Koskinen

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK

A. Kreymer

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

S. Kumaratunga

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

K. Lang

Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA

J. Ling

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

P. J. Litchfield

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

R. P. Litchfield

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

L. Loiacono

Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA

P. Lucas

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

J. Ma

Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA

W. A. Mann

Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA

M. L. Marshak

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

J. S. Marshall

Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

N. Mayer

Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

A. M. McGowan

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA

J. R. Meier

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

M. D. Messier

Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

C. J. Metelko

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, UK

D. G. Michael

Lauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

L. Miller

Physics Department, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA

W. H. Miller

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

S. R. Mishra

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

C. D. Moore

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

J. G. Morfin

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

L. Mualem

Lauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

S. Mufson

Department of Astronomy, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

J. Musser

Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

D. Naples

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

J. K. Nelson

Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA

H. B. Newman

Lauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

R. J. Nichol

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK

T. C. Nicholls

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, UK

J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux

Lauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

W. P. Oliver

Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA

R. Ospanov

Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA

J. Paley

Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

V. Paolone

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Z. Pavlovic

Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA

G. Pawloski

Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

G. F. Pearce

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, UK

C. W. Peck

Lauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

D. A. Petyt

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

R. Pittam

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

R. K. Plunkett

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

A. Rahaman

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

R. A. Rameika

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

T. M. Raufer

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, UK

B. Rebel

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

J. Reichenbacher

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA

P. A. Rodrigues

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

C. Rosenfeld

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

H. A. Rubin

Physics Division, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

K. Ruddick

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

M. C. Sanchez

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

N. Saoulidou

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

J. Schneps

Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA

P. Schreiner

Physics Department, Benedictine University, Lisle, Illinois, USA

S. M. Seun

Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

P. Shanahan

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

W. Smart

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

C. Smith

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK

R. Smith

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

A. Sousa

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

B. Speakman

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

P. Stamoulis

Department of Physics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

M. Strait

School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

P. Symes

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK

N. Tagg

Physics Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA

R. L. Talaga

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA

M. A. Tavera

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK

J. Thomas

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK

J. Thompson

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

M. A. Thomson

Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

J. L. Thron

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA

G. Tinti

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

G. Tzanakos

Department of Physics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

J. Urheim

Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

P. Vahle

Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA

B. Viren

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA

M. Watabe

Physics Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

A. Weber

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

R. C. Webb

Physics Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

A. Wehmann

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

N. West

Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

C. White

Physics Division, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA

S. G. Wojcicki

Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

D. M. Wright

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA

T. Yang

Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

K. Zhang

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA

R. Zwaska

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The rate of high energy cosmic ray muons as measured underground is shown to be strongly correlated with upper-air temperatures during short-term atmospheric (10-day) events. The effects are seen by correlating data from the MINOS underground detector and temperatures from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts during the winter periods from 2003–2007. This effect provides an independent technique for the measurement of meteorological conditions and presents a unique opportunity to measure both short and long-term changes in this important part of the atmosphere.

Received 16 October 2008; accepted 15 January 2009; published 7 March 2009.

Citation: Osprey, S., et al. (2009), Sudden stratospheric warmings seen in MINOS deep underground muon data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05809, doi:10.1029/2008GL036359.

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