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DEMETER observations of transmitter-induced precipitation of inner radiation belt electrons
Space, Telecommunications and Radioscience Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Space, Telecommunications and Radioscience Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Space, Telecommunications and Radioscience Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Space, Telecommunications and Radioscience Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France
Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
Near loss cone energetic electron flux increases induced by ground-based very low frequency (VLF) transmissions are observed
directly via satellite-based detection. In 2 years of experiments ranging from 27 March 2006 through 2 April 2008 with the
21.4-kHz transmitter NPM in Lualualei, Hawaii, and the French satellite DEMETER (detection of electromagnetic emissions transmitted
from earthquake regions), only a few cases of detection of individual pulses of transmitter-induced precipitation of inner
radiation belt electrons have been realized. Analysis of the specific cases of detection allow comparison of precipitating
flux with predictions based on ray-tracing analyses of wave propagation and test particle modeling of the wave-particle interaction.
Results indicate that the precipitated flux of >100 keV electrons induced by the NPM transmitter peaks at L 
1.9 and, in the rare cases of detection, may be at higher energies than the ∼100 keV peak predicted by the model. The low
detection rate is attributed to the orientation of the DEMETER particle detector, which is mostly overwhelmed by the trapped
population at the location of detection.
Received 25 November 2008; accepted 3 April 2009; published 3 July 2009.
Citation: (2009), DEMETER observations of transmitter-induced precipitation of inner radiation belt electrons, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A07205, doi:10.1029/2008JA013949.
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