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AGU: Water Resources Research

 

Keywords

  • snow drift
  • sublimation
  • wind tunnel
  • measurements
  • snow drift modeling

Index Terms

  • Cryosphere: Snow
  • Cryosphere: Thermodynamics
  • Cryosphere: Modeling

Abstract

WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 45, W07423, 14 PP., 2009
doi:10.1029/2008WR007522

Verification of moisture budgets during drifting snow conditions in a cold wind tunnel

N. Wever

WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, Davos, Switzerland

M. Lehning

WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, Davos, Switzerland

A. Clifton

WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, Davos, Switzerland

J.-D. Rüedi

WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, Davos, Switzerland

K. Nishimura

Snow and Ice Research Center, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Nagaoka, Japan

M. Nemoto

Snow and Ice Research Center, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Nagaoka, Japan

S. Yamaguchi

Snow and Ice Research Center, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Nagaoka, Japan

A. Sato

Snow and Ice Research Center, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Nagaoka, Japan

Experiments in a cold wind tunnel were used to verify drifting snow sublimation models. A layer of drifting snow particles was formed over a sintered snow surface. Sublimation and drifting snow flux were estimated from two vertically resolved profile measurements separated along the flow path and were compared to a simple, one-dimensional diffusion model of drift and drifting snow sublimation. The experiments show an increase in water vapor content of the air from drifting snow sublimation. The measured drifting snow sublimation appeared to be consistent with albeit somewhat larger than theoretical values found in the model study. Under wind tunnel conditions, particle number density appears to be the most important controlling factor on the sublimation rate. For experiments with external solar radiative forcing, the increase of the sublimation rate was also larger than theoretical predictions. The experiments suggest that irregular snow crystals and solar radiation might increase sublimation rates more than described by many drifting snow models.

Received 14 October 2008; accepted 23 April 2009; published 25 July 2009.

Citation: Wever, N., M. Lehning, A. Clifton, J.-D. Rüedi, K. Nishimura, M. Nemoto, S. Yamaguchi, and A. Sato (2009), Verification of moisture budgets during drifting snow conditions in a cold wind tunnel, Water Resour. Res., 45, W07423, doi:10.1029/2008WR007522.

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