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AGU: Journal of Geophysical Research, Space Physics

 

Keywords

  • open solar flux

Index Terms

  • Solar Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy: Magnetic fields
  • Interplanetary Physics: Interplanetary magnetic fields
  • Interplanetary Physics: Corotating streams
  • Solar Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy: Solar and stellar variability
Abstract
Cited By (7)
 

Abstract

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 114, A11103, 9 PP., 2009
doi:10.1029/2009JA014449

Excess open solar magnetic flux from satellite data: 1. Analysis of the third perihelion Ulysses pass

M. Lockwood

Space Environment Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Southampton University, Southampton, UK

M. Owens

Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK

A. P. Rouillard

Space Environment Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Southampton University, Southampton, UK

We use the third perihelion pass by the Ulysses spacecraft to illustrate and investigate the “flux excess” effect, whereby open solar flux estimates from spacecraft increase with increasing heliocentric distance. We analyze the potential effects of small-scale structure in the heliospheric field (giving fluctuations in the radial component on timescales smaller than 1 h) and kinematic time-of-flight effects of longitudinal structure in the solar wind flow. We show that the flux excess is explained by neither very small-scale structure (timescales < 1 h) nor by the kinematic “bunching effect” on spacecraft sampling. The observed flux excesses is, however, well explained by the kinematic effect of larger-scale (>1 day) solar wind speed variations on the frozen-in heliospheric field. We show that averaging over an interval T (that is long enough to eliminate structure originating in the heliosphere yet small enough to avoid cancelling opposite polarity radial field that originates from genuine sector structure in the coronal source field) is only an approximately valid way of allowing for these effects and does not adequately explain or account for differences between the streamer belt and the polar coronal holes.

Received 12 May 2009; accepted 21 July 2009; published 12 November 2009.

Citation: Lockwood, M., M. Owens, and A. P. Rouillard (2009), Excess open solar magnetic flux from satellite data: 1. Analysis of the third perihelion Ulysses pass, J. Geophys. Res., 114, A11103, doi:10.1029/2009JA014449.

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