Abstract
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS,
VOL. 37,
L04101,
4 PP., 2010
doi:10.1029/2009GL042010
Nonlinear VLF effects in the topside ionosphere
Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts, USA
Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico, USA
Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts, USA
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
The Demeter satellite observed intense broadband lower- and upper-hybrid electrostatic waves and plasma perturbations associated with high-power whistler-mode signals from the very-low frequency (VLF) transmitter NWC. This paper shows that the Demeter observations can be explained by nonlinear interactions driven by VLF pump waves, thereby suggesting that nonlinear effects are responsible for energy losses of high-power VLF signals in the ionosphere.
Received 2 December 2009; accepted 14 January 2010; published 24 February 2010.
Citation: (2010), Nonlinear VLF effects in the topside ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L04101, doi:10.1029/2009GL042010.
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