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AGU: Geophysical Research Letters

 

Keywords

  • Mt Etna volcano
  • SO2 flux measurements
  • geophysical data
  • infrared satellite images
  • lava fountain

Index Terms

  • Natural Hazards: Physical modeling (0466, 0545, 0798, 1622, 1847, 1952, 3355, 3367)
  • Volcanology: Volcano monitoring (4302, 7280)
  • Volcanology: Remote sensing of volcanoes (4337)
  • Volcanology: Volcanic hazards and risks (4302, 4328, 4333)
  • Volcanology: Instruments and techniques

Abstract

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 38, L24307, 7 PP., 2011
doi:10.1029/2011GL049637

Dynamics of a lava fountain revealed by geophysical, geochemical and thermal satellite measurements: The case of the 10 April 2011 Mt Etna eruption

Key Points
  • Multidisciplinary approach tracks the dynamics of a lava fountain
  • Satellite thermal data give constraints on the total erupted volume
  • SO2 flux measurements provide insight on the degassed magma volume

A. Bonaccorso

Osservatorio Etneo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy

T. Caltabiano

Osservatorio Etneo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy

G. Currenti

Osservatorio Etneo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy

C. Del Negro

Osservatorio Etneo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy

S. Gambino

Osservatorio Etneo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy

G. Ganci

Osservatorio Etneo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy

S. Giammanco

Osservatorio Etneo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy

F. Greco

Osservatorio Etneo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy

A. Pistorio

Osservatorio Etneo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy

G. Salerno

Osservatorio Etneo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy

S. Spampinato

Osservatorio Etneo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy

E. Boschi

Osservatorio Etneo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy

Geophysical (tilt, seismic tremor and gravity signals), geochemical (crater SO2 flux) and infrared satellite measurements are presented and discussed to track the temporal evolution of the lava fountain episode occurring at Mt Etna volcano on 10 April 2011. The multi-disciplinary approach provides insight into a gas-rich magma source trapped in a shallow storage zone inside the volcano edifice. This generated the fast ascending gas-magma dispersed flow feeding the lava fountain and causing the depressurization of a deeper magma storage. Satellite thermal data allowed estimation of the amount of erupted lava, which, summed to the tephra volume, yielded a total volume of erupted products of about 1 × 106 m3. Thanks to the daylight occurrence of this eruptive episode, the SO2 emission rate was also estimated, showing a degassing cycle reaching a peak of 15,000 Mg d−1 with a mean daily value of ∼5,700 Mg d−1. The SO2 data from the previous fountain episode on 17–18 February to 10 April 2011, yielded a cumulative degassed magma volume of about ∼10.5 × 106 m3, indicating a ratio of roughly 10:1 between degassed and erupted volumes. This volumetric balance, differently from those previously estimated during different styles of volcanic activities with long-term (years) recharging periods and middle-term (weeks to months) effusive eruptions, points toward the predominant role played by the gas phase in generating and driving this lava fountain episode.

Received 13 September 2011; accepted 10 November 2011; published 22 December 2011.

Citation: Bonaccorso, A., et al. (2011), Dynamics of a lava fountain revealed by geophysical, geochemical and thermal satellite measurements: The case of the 10 April 2011 Mt Etna eruption, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L24307, doi:10.1029/2011GL049637.

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